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vj I ' 4 X& _ ^ r .f?Bt . + 40 ^ ; 104#gim^g7^^^ tttff;ykri^!^*^i<y yoflic VOL. IX.?New Series. UNION C. II., SOUTH CAROLINA, AUGUST 2, 1878. NUMBER 31. THE DUTIES OF THE HOUK. An Eloquent and Pointed Address by General John D. Kennedy on the Political Situation in South Carolina. .Before the llulgeway Democratic Club on Saturday last, and in respouse to a spo eial invitation, lieu. John 1). Kennedy delivered a speech on political affairs in this Stato, a synopsis of which appears in the Wiuiisboro News and /herald, as follows : 1 am hcartly rejoiced at the interest you V\vave evinced in politics thus early in the campaign. Upon the elections this fall depeud matters of vital importance to the people. The orator, Burke has said that the heart of the sitir.^u'is a pereunial spring of energy to the State, and it is well that every oitizen, laying aside for the inomeut his other duties, should atteud public meetings, and keep himself abreast with the politics of the hour. Wore especially is it important at this hour, for the State is uot yet sale. Tliosc who arc inclined to rest supinely on their past achievements aud to lull themselves iuto security are pursuing a course fraught with daugcr, and he who stands back while she calls is stabbing his mother iu the vitals Let us take a rctros spcetivc glance at the history of South Carolina after reconstruction. Iu 1870, the people of the State, in opposition to their feelings, entered into the gubernatorial race with a Republican at the head of the ticket. Again, in 1872, they pursued a similar course, aud supported Reuben Tomlinson for that high position. In 1871 the good people of the State again rallied to the support of Judge Greene, and again they failed to accomplish the result for 'which they had labored. After these repeated concessions and repeated failures, the people determined never again to co<jucttc with the Radical jade, but with a firm belief in the right, they raised their own banners aloft, and under their own leaders went forth to victory. Wo remember the events of that campaign, how the people suffered every species of outrage without resistance, and how their self-composure gained for them tho plaudits of the world. Then, in the trying times succeeding the 7th of Novcnii *1..:.. 1? i ?i __ a\ w i.?ci, men cuuiiiiuuu iurucuruucc, incir soncontrol, their obcdieuco to tbo law, won for tlicui still greater renown, and fyt their - . I leader, Iramaton- '.U """"""" ' review "the blessings that hnvo resulted from this change of gOTernmcnt. The public debt has been honorably adjusted.? The schr Is are prospering uuder enlightened and honest ofliciafs, and with a proper distribution of the lands. Justice is rendered everywhere and to every class of people. The State taxes have been reduced one half. The Staic offices are tilled by men of integrity and responsibility.? The cor.uption and filth which made South Carolina the synonym of evil throughout the world have been all removed, and Souih Carolina has again taken her place pure and unsullied in the honorablo sisterhood of States. Cut while we should send up paoutis of rejoicing for the redemption abready achieved, we have yet the task before us of binding around the work a chain of adauiaut that will not break whatever be the forces arrayed against it. To ensure tlio completion of this great work the fundamental principles of the platform of 187(5 must be reaffirmed and carried out, for 011 that platform we achieved a glorious victory. The platform contained a few broad principles. We asked to stand ou a common platform with ?is all tho honest citizens of South Carolina. We pledged ourselves to honesty and economy iu the administration of the State government. This platform was catholic in spirit and broad in principles; so broad and so deep that thousands who had not before called themselves Democrats rallied to our assistance, and by their aid we redeemed the State. It placed us in full accord with tho natioual Democracy ; while in accepting as finalities the issues of the war, it turned its back 011 tho past and directed us to the future. On this same platform we go forth again to victory. The injection of any extreme plunk will tend to cut the throats of the Democratic parly. We must not cut off the thousands of votes who aided US in 187(5. We need thousands more.? There need ho 110 fear that this clement ,wjjl assume control of tho party and shape its detains. The whites will ahv.avs direct. J?ut we want to hook these people to us with hooks of steel. I have great respect for all the Jhunoernts in the iStatc, hut I must say that the inauguration of any such harsh measures as are proposed by certain members of the party seals the doom of the State. We have boou placed in peculiar relations with the colored people, and it would ho madness to turn our hacks on them.? Willi honest whites and honest blacks closely united in defence of honesty and home rule, we can hid eternal defiance to carpetbaggers, scalawags and any other rascally element that may seek our destruction. Not only should wo adhere to our platform, hut wo should maintain strict party discipline. While no man should slavishly himl himself to another, the public welfare demands that obedience should be rendered to Constituted authority. 'J'hure must he an overlooking power to direct the policy, and it should be atvjuiseed in by all. Whenever a majority spcaLt the minority must yield. Otherwise the party becomes a tuob. Again, our ranks must bo tilled. Every uian who has uot joined must be i* eed to do so at once and thus add his weight aud iuilueuco in behalf of the right. If any clcmeut of discord exists, let it be healed. Let the poople exorcise a judicious ehoice in the selection of candidates. Let no local prejudice or sectional feeling influence your selection. Your best men should bo chosen, whoever they are, and from whatever section of the county they may come. And here let mo congratulate you on the two representatives you had iu the last Legislature. They did their duty well, as I cnn icsiiiy, ana,aia iiouor to i?'airlicld. A? Governor Hampton has said, 011 the character of the Legislature depouds tho fortunes of the party and of the State. Should the Radicals succeed in the effort they arc making of capturing that body, the hauds of tho Executive will be tied. Rut by filling all ofliccs with honest, competent officials, tho work of redemption will be complete. Let us, then, rally to tho conflict, and not merely gaiu a victory, but achieve so overwhelming a triumph that the hydruheadod monster of Radicalism will ucvcr again bo seen in this fair land. Again let me warn 3*ou that the welfare of the Stato is indissolubly connected with the fortunes of the national Democratic party, aud that South Carolina will not be permanently safe until a Democratic President is installed in the White House. The great contest will take place in 1880, and this is but a preliminary skirmish. All the efforts of Radicalism are directed to a victory at that time. If you have watched events for tho past year, you have seen the purpose of the Republic iu party in the Pnitcd States. In the distance steers a black craft floating at its mast head a bloody shirt, and on its deck, sur-ounded by adventurers and political pirates, stands Ulyses S. Grant. Already the organs arc shouting for a third term; already the leaders of the Republican party arc calling for the "man on horsebcack" to save them from Jitter politcal ruin and death. That party has outlived its day. It has forfeited all claims upou the people, aud its hold can be retained only by violence and fraud. The rcnominatiou of Grant is no trilling thing, it bears o grave import. It means nothing else tbau perpetual w*ar upon_ the 8outljv pci^ctuai oiie man power, a continuous carnival of crime. With this danger impending it behooves tho Southern States to fall more promptly than ever into line and to present a solid front in defense of the liberty they have wrenched from a hitter, unrelenting foe. I, for one, do not believe this revolutionary attempt will succeed. I have faith in the couvcrsatisui of the people of the United States. In the history of no other country will it be found that in thirteen years after the close of a desperate conflict, twentyeight persons who wore upon their collars the wreaths of high military ofliec in the service of the lost cause were actively participating iu tho gravest couucils of the nation, while the blood of no one after the surrender expiated his alloged political offense. This circumstance demonstrates the spirit of the people of tho United States, aud averts tho danger threatened by the desperate aud ballled conspirators. Nevertheless, it is the duty of the Democracy of the United States to gain so overwhelming a victory at the polls iu 1878 as to utterly destroy all hopes of a revival of Radicalism in 1880. In conclusion, let mo again call your at teuton to tuo responsibility devolving on you. The trials you have undergone have given you broader views and have taught you self-control. You must be just to all, and throw the mgis of protection around all classes. The campaign isnotyet begun. Hut after the meeting of the August convention it will be inaugurated. Then all over South Carolina let the people assemble together as in 1S7G and pour out fresh libations, and let their hearts bo aglow with patriotic devotion to their common mother; so that the sun shall set on the f>th of November upon a State finally redeemed, and a people happy and frco. [Applause.] ? Clover in the South.?The report of the (Jcorgia Agricultural Department is rarely without some valuable item of information. Decently wo noticed a statement to the effect that forty eases of hog cholera were averted, if hot cured, by turning the animals on to a quarter of an acre of clover, to graze for one week. It has long liorui 1w*1il tlifit tl?ic iliuouon criiMni/j - * .......I.J from mnl-nulritiou, ami too much feeding on corn or other carbonaceous food. The fact that clover?a nitrogenous fodder?in this ease averted the threatened disease is of great interest. The culture and use of clover in the South may through this knowledge he greatly extended. TltF.AT.MKNT FOIt OilICKF.N-CllOLKRA.? As soon as fowls are seen to void a greenish liquid which smells badly, they should he given souio condiment,-as pepper, etc., which will soon set them right, unless their food, water, and roosting places are unclean and unwholesome. We lind the "imperial egg food," given twioo a week, at the rate of a toblespoonful to a dozen fowls, to be all excellent preventive of disease, and to lvdp iu tho production of eggs. -I I I I ."JJ! ' . JL> J,'.1" 'f -1 OATS A3 A FK5D. \Vc received aomo time ago the followiug letter from a frioud in the low-country which only proves to ua t'ae great necessity of publishing all experiment:, carefully made upon our farms, and the good that would result if the farmers would not only experiment, but would publish i heir experiments, and have others comment upou them, so as to confirm theui as true or reject them as unreliable. Our frieud says : Please tell us how you food your outs sov as to mukc three bushels go as far its two bushels of coru, as state4 if your articlo of Juno X '{ . i " ' - 8u.Qk.oato p-.', | 32 pounds to the Ifcafidl; oorJi/.eigha 56 pounds. I feed my horses on cracked corn and oats mixed, and give to eai h about six quarts a day, a pleuty for one horse. Our old folk used to toll n.c that oafs wore worth only half as much as corn. For two years 1 planted a suiall lot >f rod oats and uude fair crops. Last year I planted a Northern white oat and lost my crop from rust and the remarkably dry weather. This year I shall plant the red oat again, and would like to try an experiment with an acre or two of wheat, llow much of each of these grains do you plant per acre, and where uud at what price can reliable seed he had ?" My friend, on the Pec-Dee above Georgetown have remarkably fine lands, intermixed with clay, easily drained, and 1 have tried to induce them to experiment with wheat, rye and oats. Thcy'Si'ityr'uibly reply, 4 We did so during the war. and after one or t.vo crops would have a complete failure from rust.' 1 feel assured if rust eould be prevented those high lands are or could be made more valuable than the rice lauds can ever be again. Bearded grains seeui to be secure against the attack of the May birds. v 1 wish you could visit me this summer here ou the coast, and see what a result wo have, r may say thus far comparatively unknown." With many thanks to our friend, we assure him the last clause of his letter ouly mi nun*. i tie rou oai was surrounded l>y all (lie others, never rusted a particle, and yielded a satisfactory crop, wo 4mvc forgotten the number of bushels. The next year we sowed the sixteen bushels of Sehunen oats, and lost the crop by rust. bV^^thnt day to this we have only sown thcr^^oat, and havo never seen a particle of rust in it on our own or our neighbors' fields, and we would publish it willingly, but with sorrow, if any one were to write us that ihoir red oats had suffered from rust, for wo do not hesitate to say we consider them the greatest agricultural boon ever conferred upon the South. \V'o oho never beliovo that the high lands of tin; Toc-ltee country arc not well adapted to the growth of red onts. We arc corroborates) what we have often said of almost every county in the State. We. the citizens of the State, kuow almost nothing of our general resources, and how can wo expect others to know,, nnyrtlym? Where can you lay your handle a printed page that will givo you dcfmilc information, or a minute description of any particular portion of our State '{ No where that wc know of, except in a lew pauiphlots recently published by counties or Granges. The State has done nothing, and hence the necessity of that llurcau of Agriculture, Mining and Immigration. J*.ut to other parts of the letter. ' Our old folk used to toll us."-&c. Yes they did, but we arc net obliged to rest satisfied with everything they told us. They lived in the past, aud were wedded to their own Ideas. Wc live in a more progressive age, and must have new ideas, one of which is, that red oats will not rust, aud our old folk knew nothing about red oats. Several years ago wc published tho result of a carefully conducted ex^.ri.^C.Vt \vith oats lor two years, to test whether or not fllA1N> U'lC cnr?l? r? tliinrv no o vnol V..w?v MM wvtvit ?? vitiiiQ no t? Ilinrj/iuui uai. The second year wo carefully laid off eight acres in one compact plot, and manured each acre with one hundred and fifty pounds of superphosphate, (this latter is another new idea about which our old folk knew nothing,") and sowed the eight acres in as many diiVcrcnt kinds of oats, a bushel and a half to each acre. We had procured seed from St. Louis, Baltimore, (black oats) Ashcvillc, N. C., Knoxvillc, Tenu., (this last the fatuous and worthless Norway oats,) from the Agricultural l>epartincntat Washington, two kinds, (the Schonen and Surprise oats,) and our old-folk-sort-of spring oats, with which wo had been acquainted all our days, and the red oats, to which we had been introduced as late a3 1808. This experiment was (we write from memory) iu 187 1 and 187-. The first year there was no signs of rust, hut the experiment failed because nil the grain was sown in the fall, and the Norway, Spring and Schonen oats were killed in the winter, and all the others more or less injured by freezes. The next year more care was taken, some of the oats sown in the fall and the rest in February or about the last of January. That spring was remarkable for the rust in grajn, and six out of eight of these acres rusted so badly tlioy wore not harvested. The Schonen oat rusted a little and yielded hut sixteen bushels of light oats, though it made a beautii\.I ri'i.- .. i - > * ? vain enough to believe, if wo had such lands as lie on the Pcc-Pco in Marion aud Marlboro', wo could make more money growing roil oats at twenty-five cents per bushel, and sheep, hogs and cattle at whatever price we could get for theui, than the farmers there now are making at the present prices of corn and cotton. And, uuless we arc deceived, there are tcu year old children in that beautiful stock country that never saw a sheep or an Kssex pig. We have never lost hope, however, and thiuk that tome day all this will be corrected. As to wheat on the lands our friend finoaks of wo cauuot speak eucourugiugly. \x,wajs had that other old-fobe ido:i, that wheat could not ho made to mature and fill out plump and round grains on sandy lauds ; but it scouis that Dr. ltavcncl has grown lino wheat on tho sandy lands around Charleston, and if he has made this a success there, the sauie process would undoubtedly make it feasible on the Dee-Dee lands above Georgetown. Are there not sonic enterprising farmers up in that section who will communicate with Dr. ltavencl, learn his process, imitate his example this fall, watch the experiment to maturity, and report result next Spring ? It costs money to buy Hour. Farmers in South Carolina don't always have cash on hand to invest in a barrel of Hour, and when they buy on a credit pay about one hundred per cent, for it more than it is worth. Our farmers all -over the State, however, have an abundance of land, labor is at band, and it requires but little of either to test the ability or power of the land to grow wheat. The grain can he had from almost any firmer in this seelion^at one-liftii the cost per bushel ol a barrel of llyur. Now to our friend's first and most important inquiry?how to make three bushels of red oats go as far as two bushels of corn ? We have frequently grown oats weighing 33, ill and 115 pounds to the bushel. We never grew corn weighing over 50 pounds pet* bushel, taking the tars as they come, just as you take the oats. Therefore, if throe bushels of oats weigh 100 pounds aud two bushels of corn weigh no more, experience teaches us that our mules and horses thrive best upon the 1(M> pounds of outs if fed properly. Wc prefer running | the sheaves through' the cutting knife, aud' making flic straw answer for fodder. If our friend will grow both corn and oats for his stock and buy neither, wo imagine the economy of feeding oats will impress him as it has douo us.?Ncios and Courier. Lucerne.?"In September I wish to plant two acres in lucerne.. The land at present is in oats. As soon as they . are harvested, would it be well to sow peaWtud turn under, some two or three weeks before sowing the lucerno ; or would tho vines, from a want of time to decay, provent my putting the laud in proper condition? In the absence of sufficient baru-vard manure, would "ash element" be a good fertilizer ? ltov. Mr. Howard says, a fertilizer containing but little ammonia aud considerable phosphate of potash is the ono needed. Jf uiy two acres prove to be a success, I shall sow several more acres another seasou.? G. 1"). M., Natchcs, Miss." Answer :?The land on which lucerne is sown should be perfectly clean. If you plaut peas, by all menus drill them and cultivate carefully, that 110 grass or weeds may perfect seed. If peas are sown broadcast, it, would do uitncult to secure the line tilth that is desirable. Taking everything into consideration, the best plan would be not to plant anything, but to plough and harrow at intervals of three weeks from now till time to sow lucerne. Many seeds of weeds being thus brought near the surface, would sprout and be killed, and the soil be in best state for young plants to make a good start. If the subsoil is stiif and compact, subsoiling would be very advantageous. The roots of lucerne must descend deep into the earth to enable it to withstand drought aud make vigorous growth. If the soil is not rich, a moderate application of some quickly available fertilizer should be luado at the tinio seed are sown. Lucerne seed are small, and do not contain much nutriment laid up in them for the young plant?the latter must rely, very soon after growth begins, upon soil food.? 25 pounds of Sulphate Ammonia and 50 pounds of acid phosphate, mixed with rich earth and sown with the seed on one acre, would meet the ease?or 150 pounds cotton seed meal would answer. For a main reliance, we should think the "Ash Element," applied liberally and thoroughly incorporated with the soil, one of the very best substitutes lor stable manure.?Southern C'uftiV<lO>r. To PRKVKNT WlRK AND Cv'F WollMS. ?A correspondent of the N. V. World, speaking of corn, says : soak the seed for 21 hours in tepid water, iu which has been dissolved copperas at the rat* of ) pound of copperas, 2 gallons of water, to 1 peck of corn. This will turn the seed black, quicken germination, and 'protect it from the wiro worm effectually, and in a great measure from the cut worm also. Corn should never be planted without this preparation on laud abounding with then pestd. THE GKAPE MILDEWS. The warm and rainy weather of tfcc last of Juno and lirst of July is especially favorable for the development of the various kinds of moulds, mildews, and other species of fungi. Of this group of parasitic plants, the grape-vinos arc specially infested : tho two leading species of which arc tho Perano*pora viticola, or American grape vine mildew, und Uneinufa sjtimlis or "oidium," as it is commonly called. The last is closely related to the Oidium Tuckeri which has proved so disastrous, at some seasons, to tho grape crop of Europeau countries. The oidium is a surface feeder, npver flWMfetai its threads deep idowu in'il tin tifii n if 'V * tho leaf, liuuuiug hero and theVtr dver the surface of the leaves, young stems and ocrnes, it gives, wiule young, a cobwebby appearance to the surface wheu viewed with a hand lens; but after forming a uiultitudo of pores, to the naked eye it looks as if the surface had bccu finely dusted with Hour. This mildew makes its appearauco often quite early in the season, depending upon the weather, and gradually develops itself during the summer months. The story of the other mildew is somewhat different, it being confined very largely in its action to the leaves, and develops itself very rapidly, usually only upon the under surface. It is, then, a dccp-scated parasite, sending its absorbing threads far into the tissue of the foliage. To the naked eye all that one sees of this species is usually some yellowish spots on the upper side ol" the leaves, aud a corresponding distribution of frosty, mouldy places upou the side. These frosry appearing spots arc due to multitudes of threads, which pass through the stomata, and branching in a tree-like manucr bear a spore upon the extremity of each ultimate ramification. These spores, which are formed very rapily, germinate in a few hours, and thus spread the disease to new spots on tho same or another leaf, liesides these aerial spores, there is another kind found, towards tho elosc of the season, within the tissue of lliegrape plant. Tlicy arc provided with a thick coat of cellulose; and, as they do not germinate until spring their special oflioo seems to be, to carry tho mildew over the dormant and severe mouths of winter. Though tho Pcronospora mildew is peculiar to America, the introduced varieties of grape arc not exempt from its depredations. Dr. Fallow has shown that it will ' grow on the V. vinifcra of Europe "even more luxuriantly than on American grapes." For this reason, aud also that the climate of Europo will be especially favorablo for its fatal dcvelonmcut. anv action that, wnnlil tend to introduce the pest into that country should be consta n tly and strenuously avoided. The collected experience of others, combined with some personal observation, leads to the general conclusion that the hard}', thick-leaved varieties?as the Concord, Ives, and Hartford?arc less affected than those like Delewarc, Iona, and Diana, which arcs spoken of ns thia-lcavcd and tender. As far as our limited experience goes, the berries affected by the l*cronospora show no mould upon the surface, but turn to a red color early in the season, and remain hard, sour, and of an irregular shape. The amount of damage done by each of the two mildews is difficult to decide, because they are often found growing together upon the same vine, even on the same leaf; but it is suflicicut to say that it is much more severe than desired. This suggests a consideration of remedies. REMEDIAL MEASURES. A mixture of six pounds of potash, two gallons of coal tar, and one-fourth pound carbolic acid, diluted with four barrels of water, has been used and rccommcudcd by some. This makes a wash which is applied to the vines. Tho application of flour of sulphur, either alone or mixed with slacked lime, is the leading and perhaps the most effectual remedy. This can be best distributed by moans of a pair of bellows, and should be applied even before the vines show sigus of mildew, and thereby avail yourself of tho ounce of preventive when it equals a pound of cure. Should the mildew appear, the operation should bo repeated two or three times diirimr Mia vnnr I ( - ? o#'MV J f or as often as a good judgment will decide. As the winter spores of tho 1'eronosporn are buried in the tissue of tho leaf, and those of tha Uncinula clinging to their surface, the collecting and buring of their foliage would tend in good measure to diminish both forms of mildew in coming years. Hut concerted action is required in a work like this, that it may be the most successful; and for this we cannot hope until the grape crop is on the vergo of total ruin, and doubtful if then. As all fungi are lovers of moisture, and flourish only when it is quite prevalent, the nsinnr of on 1 v tlin?o Crv?? I........-.1.. - O -- J ??? that are naturally dry, or the thorough drainage of those that would otherwise bo wet, would do much to lessen the amount of mildew and do good to the grapo, vines in other ways than one. "Early and overbearing arc prolific sources of mildew," and the sharp edge of the pruning knife may do much to keep away these posts. Any culture, in fact, that will secure the most healthy uud hardy vines r will he one of the best moans of avoiding ithe disease which might otherwise prey upon them.?Ityron P. 1 faisled.