The weekly Union times. [volume] (Union C.H., South Carolina) 1871-1894, August 02, 1878, Image 1
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VOL. IX.?New Series. UNION C. II., SOUTH CAROLINA, AUGUST 2, 1878. NUMBER 31.
THE DUTIES OF THE HOUK.
An Eloquent and Pointed Address by General
John D. Kennedy on the Political
Situation in South Carolina.
.Before the llulgeway Democratic Club
on Saturday last, and in respouse to a spo
eial invitation, lieu. John 1). Kennedy delivered
a speech on political affairs in this
Stato, a synopsis of which appears in the
Wiuiisboro News and /herald, as follows :
1 am hcartly rejoiced at the interest you
V\vave evinced in politics thus early in the
campaign. Upon the elections this fall
depeud matters of vital importance to the
people. The orator, Burke has said that
the heart of the sitir.^u'is a pereunial spring
of energy to the State, and it is well that
every oitizen, laying aside for the inomeut
his other duties, should atteud public meetings,
and keep himself abreast with the
politics of the hour. Wore especially is it
important at this hour, for the State is uot
yet sale. Tliosc who arc inclined to rest
supinely on their past achievements aud to
lull themselves iuto security are pursuing a
course fraught with daugcr, and he who
stands back while she calls is stabbing his
mother iu the vitals Let us take a rctros
spcetivc glance at the history of South Carolina
after reconstruction. Iu 1870, the
people of the State, in opposition to their
feelings, entered into the gubernatorial race
with a Republican at the head of the ticket.
Again, in 1872, they pursued a similar
course, aud supported Reuben Tomlinson
for that high position. In 1871 the good
people of the State again rallied to the support
of Judge Greene, and again they
failed to accomplish the result for 'which
they had labored.
After these repeated concessions and repeated
failures, the people determined
never again to co<jucttc with the Radical
jade, but with a firm belief in the right,
they raised their own banners aloft, and
under their own leaders went forth to victory.
Wo remember the events of that
campaign, how the people suffered every
species of outrage without resistance, and
how their self-composure gained for them
tho plaudits of the world. Then, in the
trying times succeeding the 7th of Novcnii
*1..:.. 1? i ?i __ a\ w
i.?ci, men cuuiiiiuuu iurucuruucc, incir soncontrol,
their obcdieuco to tbo law, won for
tlicui still greater renown, and fyt their
- . I leader, Iramaton- '.U
""""""" ' review "the blessings that hnvo resulted
from this change of gOTernmcnt. The
public debt has been honorably adjusted.?
The schr Is are prospering uuder enlightened
and honest ofliciafs, and with a proper
distribution of the lands. Justice is rendered
everywhere and to every class of
people. The State taxes have been reduced
one half. The Staic offices are tilled
by men of integrity and responsibility.?
The cor.uption and filth which made South
Carolina the synonym of evil throughout
the world have been all removed, and Souih
Carolina has again taken her place pure
and unsullied in the honorablo sisterhood of
States. Cut while we should send up
paoutis of rejoicing for the redemption abready
achieved, we have yet the task before
us of binding around the work a chain of
adauiaut that will not break whatever be
the forces arrayed against it.
To ensure tlio completion of this great
work the fundamental principles of the
platform of 187(5 must be reaffirmed and
carried out, for 011 that platform we
achieved a glorious victory. The platform
contained a few broad principles. We
asked to stand ou a common platform with
?is all tho honest citizens of South Carolina.
We pledged ourselves to honesty and economy
iu the administration of the State government.
This platform was catholic in
spirit and broad in principles; so broad and
so deep that thousands who had not before
called themselves Democrats rallied to our
assistance, and by their aid we redeemed
the State. It placed us in full accord with
tho natioual Democracy ; while in accepting
as finalities the issues of the war, it turned
its back 011 tho past and directed us to the
future. On this same platform we go forth
again to victory. The injection of any
extreme plunk will tend to cut the throats
of the Democratic parly. We must not
cut off the thousands of votes who aided
US in 187(5. We need thousands more.?
There need ho 110 fear that this clement
,wjjl assume control of tho party and shape its
detains. The whites will ahv.avs direct.
J?ut we want to hook these people to us
with hooks of steel. I have great respect
for all the Jhunoernts in the iStatc, hut I
must say that the inauguration of any such
harsh measures as are proposed by certain
members of the party seals the doom of the
State. We have boou placed in peculiar relations
with the colored people, and it would
ho madness to turn our hacks on them.?
Willi honest whites and honest blacks closely
united in defence of honesty and home
rule, we can hid eternal defiance to carpetbaggers,
scalawags and any other rascally element
that may seek our destruction.
Not only should wo adhere to our platform,
hut wo should maintain strict party
discipline. While no man should slavishly
himl himself to another, the public welfare
demands that obedience should be rendered
to Constituted authority. 'J'hure must he an
overlooking power to direct the policy, and
it should be atvjuiseed in by all. Whenever
a majority spcaLt the minority must
yield. Otherwise the party becomes a tuob.
Again, our ranks must bo tilled. Every
uian who has uot joined must be i* eed to
do so at once and thus add his weight aud
iuilueuco in behalf of the right. If any
clcmeut of discord exists, let it be healed.
Let the poople exorcise a judicious ehoice
in the selection of candidates. Let no
local prejudice or sectional feeling influence
your selection. Your best men should bo
chosen, whoever they are, and from whatever
section of the county they may come.
And here let mo congratulate you on the
two representatives you had iu the last Legislature.
They did their duty well, as I
cnn icsiiiy, ana,aia iiouor to i?'airlicld. A?
Governor Hampton has said, 011 the character
of the Legislature depouds tho fortunes
of the party and of the State. Should the
Radicals succeed in the effort they arc making
of capturing that body, the hauds of
tho Executive will be tied. Rut by filling
all ofliccs with honest, competent officials,
tho work of redemption will be complete.
Let us, then, rally to tho conflict, and not
merely gaiu a victory, but achieve so overwhelming
a triumph that the hydruheadod
monster of Radicalism will ucvcr again bo
seen in this fair land.
Again let me warn 3*ou that the welfare
of the Stato is indissolubly connected with
the fortunes of the national Democratic
party, aud that South Carolina will not be
permanently safe until a Democratic President
is installed in the White House. The
great contest will take place in 1880, and
this is but a preliminary skirmish. All the
efforts of Radicalism are directed to a victory
at that time. If you have watched
events for tho past year, you have seen the
purpose of the Republic iu party in the
Pnitcd States. In the distance steers a
black craft floating at its mast head a bloody
shirt, and on its deck, sur-ounded by adventurers
and political pirates, stands Ulyses
S. Grant. Already the organs arc shouting
for a third term; already the leaders
of the Republican party arc calling for the
"man on horsebcack" to save them from
Jitter politcal ruin and death. That party
has outlived its day. It has forfeited all
claims upou the people, aud its hold can be
retained only by violence and fraud. The
rcnominatiou of Grant is no trilling thing,
it bears o grave import. It means nothing
else tbau perpetual w*ar upon_ the 8outljv
pci^ctuai oiie man power, a continuous carnival
of crime. With this danger impending
it behooves tho Southern States to fall
more promptly than ever into line and to
present a solid front in defense of the liberty
they have wrenched from a hitter, unrelenting
foe.
I, for one, do not believe this revolutionary
attempt will succeed. I have faith in
the couvcrsatisui of the people of the United
States. In the history of no other country
will it be found that in thirteen years after
the close of a desperate conflict, twentyeight
persons who wore upon their collars
the wreaths of high military ofliec in the
service of the lost cause were actively participating
iu tho gravest couucils of the nation,
while the blood of no one after the
surrender expiated his alloged political offense.
This circumstance demonstrates the
spirit of the people of tho United States,
aud averts tho danger threatened by the
desperate aud ballled conspirators. Nevertheless,
it is the duty of the Democracy of
the United States to gain so overwhelming a
victory at the polls iu 1878 as to utterly destroy
all hopes of a revival of Radicalism
in 1880.
In conclusion, let mo again call your at
teuton to tuo responsibility devolving on
you. The trials you have undergone have
given you broader views and have taught
you self-control. You must be just to all,
and throw the mgis of protection around
all classes. The campaign isnotyet begun.
Hut after the meeting of the August convention
it will be inaugurated. Then all
over South Carolina let the people assemble
together as in 1S7G and pour out fresh libations,
and let their hearts bo aglow with
patriotic devotion to their common mother;
so that the sun shall set on the f>th of November
upon a State finally redeemed, and
a people happy and frco. [Applause.]
?
Clover in the South.?The report of
the (Jcorgia Agricultural Department is
rarely without some valuable item of information.
Decently wo noticed a statement
to the effect that forty eases of hog cholera
were averted, if hot cured, by turning the
animals on to a quarter of an acre of clover,
to graze for one week. It has long
liorui 1w*1il tlifit tl?ic iliuouon criiMni/j
- * .......I.J
from mnl-nulritiou, ami too much feeding
on corn or other carbonaceous food. The
fact that clover?a nitrogenous fodder?in
this ease averted the threatened disease is
of great interest. The culture and use of
clover in the South may through this knowledge
he greatly extended.
TltF.AT.MKNT FOIt OilICKF.N-CllOLKRA.?
As soon as fowls are seen to void a greenish
liquid which smells badly, they should
he given souio condiment,-as pepper, etc.,
which will soon set them right, unless their
food, water, and roosting places are unclean
and unwholesome. We lind the "imperial
egg food," given twioo a week, at the rate
of a toblespoonful to a dozen fowls, to be
all excellent preventive of disease, and to
lvdp iu tho production of eggs.
-I I I I ."JJ! ' . JL> J,'.1" 'f -1
OATS A3 A FK5D.
\Vc received aomo time ago the followiug
letter from a frioud in the low-country
which only proves to ua t'ae great necessity
of publishing all experiment:, carefully
made upon our farms, and the good that
would result if the farmers would not only
experiment, but would publish i heir experiments,
and have others comment upou
them, so as to confirm theui as true or reject
them as unreliable. Our frieud says :
Please tell us how you food your outs sov
as to mukc three bushels go as far its two
bushels of coru, as state4 if your articlo of
Juno X '{ . i " '
- 8u.Qk.oato p-.', |
32 pounds to the Ifcafidl; oorJi/.eigha 56
pounds. I feed my horses on cracked corn
and oats mixed, and give to eai h about six
quarts a day, a pleuty for one horse.
Our old folk used to toll n.c that oafs
wore worth only half as much as corn. For
two years 1 planted a suiall lot >f rod oats
and uude fair crops. Last year I planted a
Northern white oat and lost my crop from
rust and the remarkably dry weather. This
year I shall plant the red oat again, and
would like to try an experiment with an
acre or two of wheat, llow much of each
of these grains do you plant per acre, and
where uud at what price can reliable seed
he had ?"
My friend, on the Pec-Dee above Georgetown
have remarkably fine lands, intermixed
with clay, easily drained, and 1 have
tried to induce them to experiment with
wheat, rye and oats. Thcy'Si'ityr'uibly reply,
4 We did so during the war. and after
one or t.vo crops would have a complete
failure from rust.' 1 feel assured if rust
eould be prevented those high lands are or
could be made more valuable than the rice
lauds can ever be again. Bearded grains
seeui to be secure against the attack of the
May birds. v
1 wish you could visit me this summer
here ou the coast, and see what a result wo
have, r may say thus far comparatively unknown."
With many thanks to our friend, we assure
him the last clause of his letter ouly
mi nun*. i tie rou oai was surrounded l>y
all (lie others, never rusted a particle, and
yielded a satisfactory crop, wo 4mvc forgotten
the number of bushels. The next year
we sowed the sixteen bushels of Sehunen
oats, and lost the crop by rust. bV^^thnt
day to this we have only sown thcr^^oat,
and havo never seen a particle of rust in it
on our own or our neighbors' fields, and we
would publish it willingly, but with sorrow,
if any one were to write us that ihoir red
oats had suffered from rust, for wo do not
hesitate to say we consider them the greatest
agricultural boon ever conferred upon
the South.
\V'o oho never beliovo that the high
lands of tin; Toc-ltee country arc not well
adapted to the growth of red onts. We arc
corroborates) what we have often said of almost
every county in the State. We. the
citizens of the State, kuow almost nothing
of our general resources, and how can wo
expect others to know,, nnyrtlym?
Where can you lay your handle a printed
page that will givo you dcfmilc information,
or a minute description of any particular
portion of our State '{ No where that wc
know of, except in a lew pauiphlots recently
published by counties or Granges. The
State has done nothing, and hence the necessity
of that llurcau of Agriculture, Mining
and Immigration.
J*.ut to other parts of the letter.
' Our old folk used to toll us."-&c. Yes
they did, but we arc net obliged to rest satisfied
with everything they told us. They
lived in the past, aud were wedded to their
own Ideas. Wc live in a more progressive
age, and must have new ideas, one of which
is, that red oats will not rust, aud our old
folk knew nothing about red oats.
Several years ago wc published tho result
of a carefully conducted ex^.ri.^C.Vt \vith
oats lor two years, to test whether or not
fllA1N> U'lC cnr?l? r? tliinrv no o vnol
V..w?v MM wvtvit ?? vitiiiQ no t? Ilinrj/iuui uai.
The second year wo carefully laid off eight
acres in one compact plot, and manured
each acre with one hundred and fifty pounds
of superphosphate, (this latter is another
new idea about which our old folk knew
nothing,") and sowed the eight acres in as
many diiVcrcnt kinds of oats, a bushel and
a half to each acre. We had procured seed
from St. Louis, Baltimore, (black oats)
Ashcvillc, N. C., Knoxvillc, Tenu., (this
last the fatuous and worthless Norway oats,)
from the Agricultural l>epartincntat Washington,
two kinds, (the Schonen and Surprise
oats,) and our old-folk-sort-of spring
oats, with which wo had been acquainted
all our days, and the red oats, to which we
had been introduced as late a3 1808. This
experiment was (we write from memory)
iu 187 1 and 187-.
The first year there was no signs of rust,
hut the experiment failed because nil the
grain was sown in the fall, and the Norway,
Spring and Schonen oats were killed in the
winter, and all the others more or less injured
by freezes. The next year more care
was taken, some of the oats sown in the
fall and the rest in February or about the
last of January. That spring was remarkable
for the rust in grajn, and six out of
eight of these acres rusted so badly tlioy
wore not harvested. The Schonen oat
rusted a little and yielded hut sixteen bushels
of light oats, though it made a beautii\.I
ri'i.- .. i - > * ?
vain enough to believe, if wo had such
lands as lie on the Pcc-Pco in Marion aud
Marlboro', wo could make more money
growing roil oats at twenty-five cents per
bushel, and sheep, hogs and cattle at whatever
price we could get for theui, than the
farmers there now are making at the present
prices of corn and cotton. And, uuless we
arc deceived, there are tcu year old children
in that beautiful stock country that never
saw a sheep or an Kssex pig. We have
never lost hope, however, and thiuk that
tome day all this will be corrected.
As to wheat on the lands our friend
finoaks of wo cauuot speak eucourugiugly.
\x,wajs had that other old-fobe
ido:i, that wheat could not ho made to mature
and fill out plump and round grains on
sandy lauds ; but it scouis that Dr. ltavcncl
has grown lino wheat on tho sandy lands
around Charleston, and if he has made this
a success there, the sauie process would undoubtedly
make it feasible on the Dee-Dee
lands above Georgetown. Are there not
sonic enterprising farmers up in that section
who will communicate with Dr. ltavencl,
learn his process, imitate his example this
fall, watch the experiment to maturity, and
report result next Spring ?
It costs money to buy Hour. Farmers in
South Carolina don't always have cash on
hand to invest in a barrel of Hour, and
when they buy on a credit pay about one
hundred per cent, for it more than it is
worth. Our farmers all -over the State,
however, have an abundance of land, labor
is at band, and it requires but little of
either to test the ability or power of the
land to grow wheat. The grain can he had
from almost any firmer in this seelion^at
one-liftii the cost per bushel ol a barrel of
llyur.
Now to our friend's first and most important
inquiry?how to make three bushels of
red oats go as far as two bushels of corn ?
We have frequently grown oats weighing
33, ill and 115 pounds to the bushel. We
never grew corn weighing over 50 pounds
pet* bushel, taking the tars as they come,
just as you take the oats. Therefore, if
throe bushels of oats weigh 100 pounds
aud two bushels of corn weigh no more,
experience teaches us that our mules and
horses thrive best upon the 1(M> pounds of
outs if fed properly. Wc prefer running |
the sheaves through' the cutting knife, aud'
making flic straw answer for fodder. If
our friend will grow both corn and oats for
his stock and buy neither, wo imagine the
economy of feeding oats will impress him
as it has douo us.?Ncios and Courier.
Lucerne.?"In September I wish to
plant two acres in lucerne.. The land at
present is in oats. As soon as they . are
harvested, would it be well to sow peaWtud
turn under, some two or three weeks before
sowing the lucerno ; or would tho vines,
from a want of time to decay, provent my
putting the laud in proper condition? In
the absence of sufficient baru-vard manure,
would "ash element" be a good fertilizer ?
ltov. Mr. Howard says, a fertilizer containing
but little ammonia aud considerable
phosphate of potash is the ono needed. Jf
uiy two acres prove to be a success, I shall
sow several more acres another seasou.?
G. 1"). M., Natchcs, Miss."
Answer :?The land on which lucerne is
sown should be perfectly clean. If you
plaut peas, by all menus drill them and cultivate
carefully, that 110 grass or weeds may
perfect seed. If peas are sown broadcast,
it, would do uitncult to secure the line tilth
that is desirable. Taking everything into
consideration, the best plan would be not
to plant anything, but to plough and harrow
at intervals of three weeks from now till
time to sow lucerne. Many seeds of weeds
being thus brought near the surface, would
sprout and be killed, and the soil be in best
state for young plants to make a good start.
If the subsoil is stiif and compact, subsoiling
would be very advantageous. The
roots of lucerne must descend deep into the
earth to enable it to withstand drought aud
make vigorous growth.
If the soil is not rich, a moderate application
of some quickly available fertilizer
should be luado at the tinio seed are sown.
Lucerne seed are small, and do not contain
much nutriment laid up in them for the
young plant?the latter must rely, very
soon after growth begins, upon soil food.?
25 pounds of Sulphate Ammonia and 50
pounds of acid phosphate, mixed with rich
earth and sown with the seed on one acre,
would meet the ease?or 150 pounds cotton
seed meal would answer. For a main reliance,
we should think the "Ash Element,"
applied liberally and thoroughly incorporated
with the soil, one of the very best substitutes
lor stable manure.?Southern C'uftiV<lO>r.
To PRKVKNT WlRK AND Cv'F WollMS.
?A correspondent of the N. V. World,
speaking of corn, says : soak the seed for
21 hours in tepid water, iu which has been
dissolved copperas at the rat* of ) pound
of copperas, 2 gallons of water, to 1 peck
of corn. This will turn the seed black,
quicken germination, and 'protect it from
the wiro worm effectually, and in a great
measure from the cut worm also. Corn
should never be planted without this preparation
on laud abounding with then
pestd.
THE GKAPE MILDEWS.
The warm and rainy weather of tfcc last
of Juno and lirst of July is especially favorable
for the development of the various
kinds of moulds, mildews, and other species
of fungi. Of this group of parasitic plants,
the grape-vinos arc specially infested : tho
two leading species of which arc tho Perano*pora
viticola, or American grape vine
mildew, und Uneinufa sjtimlis or "oidium,"
as it is commonly called. The last is closely
related to the Oidium Tuckeri which has
proved so disastrous, at some seasons, to tho
grape crop of Europeau countries. The
oidium is a surface feeder, npver flWMfetai
its threads deep idowu in'il tin tifii n if 'V *
tho leaf, liuuuiug hero and theVtr dver
the surface of the leaves, young stems and
ocrnes, it gives, wiule young, a cobwebby
appearance to the surface wheu
viewed with a hand lens; but after forming
a uiultitudo of pores, to the naked eye it
looks as if the surface had bccu finely dusted
with Hour. This mildew makes its appearauco
often quite early in the season,
depending upon the weather, and gradually
develops itself during the summer months.
The story of the other mildew is somewhat
different, it being confined very largely
in its action to the leaves, and develops
itself very rapidly, usually only upon the
under surface. It is, then, a dccp-scated
parasite, sending its absorbing threads far
into the tissue of the foliage. To the naked
eye all that one sees of this species is
usually some yellowish spots on the upper
side ol" the leaves, aud a corresponding distribution
of frosty, mouldy places upou the
side. These frosry appearing spots arc due
to multitudes of threads, which pass through
the stomata, and branching in a tree-like
manucr bear a spore upon the extremity of
each ultimate ramification. These spores,
which are formed very rapily, germinate in
a few hours, and thus spread the disease to
new spots on tho same or another leaf, liesides
these aerial spores, there is another
kind found, towards tho elosc of the season,
within the tissue of lliegrape plant. Tlicy
arc provided with a thick coat of cellulose;
and, as they do not germinate until spring
their special oflioo seems to be, to carry tho
mildew over the dormant and severe mouths
of winter.
Though tho Pcronospora mildew is peculiar
to America, the introduced varieties
of grape arc not exempt from its depredations.
Dr. Fallow has shown that it will '
grow on the V. vinifcra of Europe "even
more luxuriantly than on American grapes."
For this reason, aud also that the climate
of Europo will be especially favorablo for
its fatal dcvelonmcut. anv action that, wnnlil
tend to introduce the pest into that country
should be consta n tly and strenuously avoided.
The collected experience of others, combined
with some personal observation, leads
to the general conclusion that the hard}',
thick-leaved varieties?as the Concord, Ives,
and Hartford?arc less affected than those
like Delewarc, Iona, and Diana, which arcs
spoken of ns thia-lcavcd and tender.
As far as our limited experience goes, the
berries affected by the l*cronospora show
no mould upon the surface, but turn to a
red color early in the season, and remain
hard, sour, and of an irregular shape.
The amount of damage done by each of
the two mildews is difficult to decide, because
they are often found growing together
upon the same vine, even on the same
leaf; but it is suflicicut to say that it is
much more severe than desired. This suggests
a consideration of remedies.
REMEDIAL MEASURES.
A mixture of six pounds of potash, two
gallons of coal tar, and one-fourth pound
carbolic acid, diluted with four barrels of
water, has been used and rccommcudcd by
some. This makes a wash which is applied
to the vines. Tho application of flour of
sulphur, either alone or mixed with slacked
lime, is the leading and perhaps the most
effectual remedy. This can be best distributed
by moans of a pair of bellows, and
should be applied even before the vines
show sigus of mildew, and thereby avail
yourself of tho ounce of preventive when
it equals a pound of cure. Should the
mildew appear, the operation should bo repeated
two or three times diirimr Mia vnnr
I ( - ? o#'MV J f
or as often as a good judgment will decide.
As the winter spores of tho 1'eronosporn
are buried in the tissue of tho leaf, and
those of tha Uncinula clinging to their
surface, the collecting and buring of
their foliage would tend in good measure
to diminish both forms of mildew in coming
years. Hut concerted action is required
in a work like this, that it may be
the most successful; and for this we cannot
hope until the grape crop is on the vergo
of total ruin, and doubtful if then.
As all fungi are lovers of moisture, and
flourish only when it is quite prevalent, the
nsinnr of on 1 v tlin?o Crv?? I........-.1..
- O -- J ???
that are naturally dry, or the thorough
drainage of those that would otherwise bo
wet, would do much to lessen the amount
of mildew and do good to the grapo, vines
in other ways than one.
"Early and overbearing arc prolific sources
of mildew," and the sharp edge of the
pruning knife may do much to keep away
these posts. Any culture, in fact, that will
secure the most healthy uud hardy vines
r will he one of the best moans of avoiding
ithe disease which might otherwise prey
upon them.?Ityron P. 1 faisled.