University of South Carolina Libraries
'* ?"? . ' ^ - - ' ' ' '' '~ '' V ' ' ' . - * - " - . ^jjniqultuiE, Jjortinulhirt, Jlomnatiq diipomg, |)o!ite ffiyatur^, gjoUtip, and thq Current Jtara of the gag. lft?, *""^"_r!l" ' Q nu -trim. * , ..NUMBEB 85. AH IMPERATIVE HBCOBSSItY TOB ?OWfKO LARGELY OT SMALL GRAIN THIS PALL. ErWTORSoUTIlKRN COLTIVATOR.-^From ? careful reading of the Cultivator '-for several years, I am satisfied you thoroughly appreciate tho value of small gruin to the ^Southern farmer, aud that you havo been unremitting in your efforts to encourage a * 4argcr growth. On account of its importance, it should be kept constantly before our farmers, until every one is converted to the bolief that he commits a great error when 'ho fails to devote a fair proportion of his land to oats, wheat, barley and rye. The maximum of success in farming can never be obtained without the aid of these cereals, for to whatever extent a farmer may plant <o?.oorn and cotton, it is always in order to w&UjfWl soww grain. It may oe sown at a period when neither of these can be, and requires comparatively little care, producing a spring harvest. It is no argument against grain growing to say (as many do) that at the proper time to sow tiny are too busy picking cotton and gathering corn, and that harvest time comes at a period when every energy is devoted to chopping cotton and cleaning corn. A alight expense in extra labor here pays by far the largest profit of tho operations of the farm, and how foolish to be deterred by such reasoning.(?) From indications now, it would seem that the South, isdestiucd yet to becomo a groat wheat and oat producing country. It will be that when we produoe enough to meet our home consumption j.-aad thafeagre ought to do, for the simple reason thaKmPween do it so easily. We may never care to raise them for export, on account oi the competition of other sections, but wo may advanoe another important industry (wool growing) by any surplus. Whether barley and rye shall be grown other than for grazing or soiling is yet to be demonstrated.? ' For these purposes alone, however, they are invaluable. At present the oat is the uioet valuable cereal to us, and next to it wheat. As a money orop oats are far ahead of wheat, considering the comnarativ* si?M and price, rfow long this will continue, of course depends on "supply and demand." We certaiuly ought to grow enough wheat for homo consumption. If every farmer in the South would, this fall, dovote one acre of good land to wheat and three to oats per mule what a difference it would make in our resouroes next summer ! I do not kuow to what extent crops arc a failure in other sections or Georgia, tiuc in this I know there will be a great deficiency in the provision crops, and cotton is not promising more than three-fifths.? There will uot be one-third of a crop of sweet potatoes and peas, and not much over a half crop of corn, I am afraid. It is us bad in South-western Georgia, the papers state. Dry weather has prevailed gonerally throughout the State, and caused more or less damage it is certain. In view of this, is it not imperative that wo should be unusually active this fall, in endeavoring to * meet theso deficiencies by a larger spring harvest? In all probability, the coming season will bo a fair and perhaps fine one for grain. Let us not proorastiuate, and when September and Ootober comes be unprepared and say, "Well, I believe I will wait until spring." Get seed ready at ADM J&MMM lo??rl in - .n^itin.., ?nil bow by Ap 15tk of October?bearing in mind this fact, that if put uniformly 3} to 4 inches deep, the plants will withstand the severest freezes of winter, and also suffer muoh less from May and June droughts. If perchance auy one farmer should be induoed so sow, where he had intended not to sow, or to sow more largely, by anything I may have said, I would be glad to nave a postal from him next Juns, setting forth his oonclusions in the matter. S. A. C. , ? . N*w Development.?It has come to light recently, that a large quantity of the 5,000 Remington Rifles, belonging to the ?tate were sold to sporting organisations during the Republican rule, by the officer having them in his oharge, and that worse than all, this individual has appropriated ^Utile fund raised through this Side speculation, to his own private purposes. - To what extout tuts lias been carried on, naS not yet been definitely ascertained, but it has been pretty heavy. Adjutant Genera) Moise is on the track of the whole transaction, and the guilty party will soon be brought up and made to answer for his theft. When the whole thing is sifted through, which will noon be done, our people will know whet became of the many thousand missing State arms. Dr. Caldwell, of Iowa, states thst in 1862 he was present at the exhumation of a body whieh had been buried two years before. The ooffin had sprung open at the joints, and the hair. protruded through the openings. On opening the eoffin the hair of the head was found to measure eighteen inohes, the whiskers eight iuobas and the hair on the breast five or six inohes. The ? man had been shaved before bein^hMiiia Id 1847, a similar oirouuiaUuiiM ucuurraa in Mercer County, Pa. In digging a grave, the workmen oame upon the skeleton of a man that had been buried ten years. The hair was as firm as during life, and had growu to a length of eleven or twelve inohes. . ^ AGRICULTURAL PROGRESS IN MECKLENo* THITfenck LAW 1NA'~"THK W0KKlNa llaving a business call to Charlotto last week, wo made use of the opportunity thus afforded for taking a look-at the surrounding country, to note the progress of our neighbors, and to inquire into the workiugs of the new fence or stock law in that section. To uiakc a good beginning, we started under the care of Capt. Wadsworth, directly to his celebrated lnrm, situated to the west of Charlotte, just outside of the limits of the town. We were prepared to see a first class farm, but did not expect to find one so complete in all its arrangements, combining such a number of small industries. under one general management. Capt. Wadsworth has adopted the true system of farming, for which our country is adapted?that of mixed 'husbandry; practicing a system of rotation, under which corn and cotton arc followed by small grain, which in turu are succeeded by clover and the grasses. Concentrating his manures upon the cultivated crops?corn and cotton; his thorough preparation for, and cultivation of. these crops, insures a fine yield, and leaves his fields in fine condition for the grain, grass and clover which are to follow; and the lands are virtually at rest, and rapidly recuporate by the accumulation of vegetable matter, wbHo protected by the last named crops, although furnishiog large quantities of hay for his stock. Stock raising is also a part of this system of mixed husbandry, and he runs a dairy farm as a part of his system, having one of the most convenient, commodious barns, with% all modern arrangements, for the protection and convenience of bis stock. He pays particular attention to the produotion'oF'fruits of all kinds,?such as applatt, peachesv pears, plums, cherries and | grapes, having a fine vineyard of the last, for which he finds a ready market in Charlotte, turning the remainder, if any, into wine. Hogs, turkeys, geese, ducks, chickous, pigeons, &c., are raised in large quantities, and the large flock of from seventy-five to one hundred turkeys, scattered over a pretty meadow, was aloue a sight worth going to 6co. This farm is worth an article in itself, being a model for this couutry, which every one should imitate, leading ?s it does, in the right direction, and showing, as a forerunner of better days, what can and will be done witji this favored country of ours under a more intelligent and more perfect system of agriculture. , ..There anid tnilMbmn*nr ^"ii far""" and much fine stock around Charlotte, but after a visit to one of her gold mines, which is now in successful operation, we turned our attentiou to an examination'and inquiry into the operations of the new fence or stock law. This law has been in oneratinns in the adjoining county (Cabarrus) for three years, and a farmer from that county told us that it was now giving general and almost perfect satisfaction; and that no injustice was done to any one under the new order of things. It has prevailed in some townships of Mecklenburg for several years, but it was difficult to pass it in and arouud Charlotte, as every one owned a cow or two, for which they had free pasturage. It passed, howovor, last winter, and nearly every ono acknowledges that it is better, and the only complaint that wo heard was, that the chauge came too suddenly, and that some puupie nau to make extra exertions to get their pastures in readiness before the crops wcro planted. We talked with white and black, landlord and landless, and all acknowledged that wheu the contracts for another year are made, every inconvenience will bb arranged, and every one satisfied with the justico and fairness of the new law. Among the results, or offects of the new law, we may mention that all of the vacant lands around the town have been put under cultivation and made to produce fine crops; dairy farms have been established, and milk and butter can be purchased for less than it takes to feed a cow, (milk now selling at 25 cents per gallon); permaneut pastures have been established around tho town in which cows can be pastured at reasonable rates ; and besides, since the stock have been enclosed, vegetation is more luxuriant, and a cow tied out to a stake with a long rope can easily pick enough grass to keep her in good condition, at this season, without feeding.? The farms and fields that wero under fence remain so, but all around Charlotte fields are to be found without a fence ; and there is a small patch of corn on Main Street, near the centre of the town, without a fence, which remains untouched by man or beast: and in a few years we expect to see her beautiful yards and lawns unprotected by anything save hedges, or very light ornamental fences. Oar observations and inquiries in Mecklenburg only serve to strengthen the conviction long felt, that the stock law is exactly what is needsd to put our people upon tho high road to agricultural prosperity.? Spartan. -? Plain Rio* Puddimo.?To twelve cups * ?i--. ?n lo uu; alt and about a teaspoonful of butter. Excellent baked in a slow oteu for three or four houra. In the country they blow a horn before dinner; in town they tako ono. TJ-. ?' I CHOLERA IN POULTRY. An Essay Read Before the Summer Meeting of the State Grange at Anderson, S. C., on the 10 th of -August, Prepared by J II. Poster, of Lancaster County, S. C. "Of the few diseases poultry are liable to, noDe seems to deserve so much utteution as .cholera. From some points of resemblance between this ailuiout Jbd Asiatic cholera among men, it is probible they have a like origin; that is, oither symotic ornnimaloular. Such symptoms as diarrhoea, collapse nud rapid fatality, without any apparent symptom, are common to both. Also the fact that Asiatic cholera usually commences in India, and that sovcral iargo breeds of I chickens have b*eu imported from that Coun try during the last twenty or thirty years. | It is a well known fact that disuses arjilo- i kingdom* Enlarged in i chicken cholera. So unforwdHKn flmf i one can foresee an attack^y iuspooting that | organ. However desiral^p defioite ideas of < its nature or essential elements of its cause j may be, its prevention is still more desirable, i It is often communicated to the healthy i through the drinking water. Their water should bo frequently reuewed during the day, ( and troughs dusted over with pulverized < copperas, or riused with diluted carbolic s acid. i Gceso that arc confined to a yard and ( compelled to drink at a common trough take i the disease; otherwise they have not been ) known to have it. j All poultry that manifest any symptoms ' of cholera should be separated from the j others, and fed with cooked food moistened with diluted carbolic acid, and a few drops f of muriatio4ineture of iroc4n theiw water. i A large per cent, arc soou too much prostra- ; ted to be able to eat; they can even be saved < then if cooked food be pushed down their < throats three or four times a day, it being ) moistened with diluted carbolic ncid. The f main measure for protection against this j scourge is to burn all that die of it. If the 1 dead are buried the larval of the common ] blue fly will still bo propagated in great g numbers, and when near maturity will leave the carcases, come near the surface, be a scratched out and eaten, and'thereby poisou j. others. As all will not take the trouble to : burn dead poultry, it is well to keep a watchful yard dog?so whtchful that any cur that ?; might have been eating a c&olera-killed fowl ~ should not loiter around onVs premises. It t is evident thnt this is onoikf the ways by j:.- : 5 mm Mill!" -IHITi IIII vsJa Tub Death of AdmIral Eemmks.? a Mobile, Ala., August 30?-AdmYal Semnies c died at tea minutes pfct sefcu o'clock { this morning, at Point CSrir. ^ Ilo was born in Mar And, and entered the United States Navyln 1826. He was rapidly promoted, and itvftSOf) attained the rank of comuiauder. W^icn thjf war between the States commented Adjniral Scmmes, who was weli grounded in politics, and a Slates Rights and anticonsolidation man, earnestly cast his lot with thatof his fricuds and compatriots of the South, and the gallant services he rendered to the Confederate cause, soon won for him the admiration of his countrymen, as well as the plaudits of his enemies. As early in the war as the summer of 1861 he took command of the Ot/ulV<Otiubv oVvuutw |;\ajot) such havoc with the merchant marine of the United States. It w4i as the commander of the "290," or, #s*she was better known, the Alabama, a;'shs> built in England for the Confederate sRes, that he won his highest fame. "Bold, (Airless and zealous, bis vessel became, for a time, absolute monarch of tho sens, inflicting immense damages upon the mercantile marine of the ] euemic* of his country. On the 19th ot Juno, 1804, the Alabama ' was punk near Cherbourg, France, after a desperate battle with tho Federal war stca- < mer Kearsaore. commanded hv Admiral Winslow, a native of Carolina. Nine of < tho crew of the Alabama were killed and t twenty-ono wounded. Admiral Seuimes, j after the destruction of his Vessel, was res- < cued by tho English yacht jfleerhound. Since the war he has resided in Alabama, among his kindred and loved irmrt respected by all uttfn who knew him, leaving . a volume of admirable interest ooucorning his adventures aud servicde in tlW Confederate cause. j| Lively Times irl CmoAao.-^The Chicago Tribune, says : In this city tho avalanche of grain from tho couutry has put a now face on everything. Railroads arc now full of business, and thousands of idlo men set to work. All the lake vessels arc in demand for tho grain trade, and extra men, at increased wages, are set to worlclloading and navigating them. Orders fljjr goods iiiiui tuc cuumry ure ^ouung id, HUH l? beginning to work in trade amoug the merchants, and of coufpe that sets idle men at work, boxing, packing, casting, and handling. Altogether, toattersare rapidly ^h^g^orn^a^^h^aMg^Mir^fevcrabl^ An ambitious Philadelphia couple were on Sunday last married whilst on their way to Atlantio City, on the morning excursion train; Tho ceremony was wituesscd by n car full of friends, the wedding cake was out and other festivities wore indulgod in. LIFE ON AN OCEAN STEAMEB. Steamer Britanic, \ White Star Line, Mid-Ocean,m June 22d, 1877. j Iu this letter, I propose to give some of the characteristics of au occau-stcamcr, and particularly of this vessel, and the ' Gcrmanic" of the same line, as they are constructed and furnished exactly alike. An ocean steamer differs very widely from a lake or river steamer. The load or cargo of a lake steau.er is placed ail 011 the main deck, and, of course, above the water line. In an ocean steamer the cargo is put in the hold far below the. water line, also our baggage, except what we require in our state rooms. A lake steamer draws only 1'roni 5 to 8 or 10 feetol water. This steamer draws 25 feet of water. A lake stcaui wt in j>nop?41cd by ?i<le wbofcU. Thy mini i. is driven by a screw, situated itoarfjr25 fWt below the surface of the water, iu l'rout of the ruHdor, but in rear of the vessel. This icrcw has lour steel flanges, and is only 23 feet G inches iu diameter. Vet its propelling power, being so deep under water, is reuiendous. The hull of a lake steamer is constructed )f wood, and has guards extending out four >r five feet beyond the hull. An occau itoamer is constructed of iron?great long ron plates forming the hold, and these fas;encd by bolts to an iron framework. There s hardly a particle of wood below the water inc. There arc uo side guards. A lake iteauier is wide in proportion to its length. This steamer, the llritanic, is *170 feet long ind ouly 45 feet wide. The following are the principal statistics 1 espccting this vessel. Le.igth 470 feet; vidth 45 feet; tonnage 5004 tons; engines I TOO horse power; indicated power, 5000; sight boilers, with 32 furnaces under them; sonsumption of coal per day 95 tous ; uuuiicr of Officers and men, including sailors, ircuicn, cooks and table waiters, 152; averigc speed of ship, 15 knots to the hour, (a knot is one-sixth of a mile longer tha an i English mile;) diameter of screw 23 feet, ix inches ; diarv.ei.tr of shall 22 inches. ' The dining saloon is about fifly feet long ' ind extends from side to side of the ship, laving five rowsot tables, with fixed rcvolvng chairs, seating 182 persons. 1 On loaviug port the tanks are filled with ' !8,000 gallons of fresh water, which, by ' ncans of pipes, is carried to every part of ' he ship. If this supply should fall short, >nc gallon per uiinutc can be produced by frftiuJlio 1a?m. ' 1 IUBHr;tTtilwTj-gig"f tu Orlvc ifie I , hip, and nineteen other ongiucs to do the ( ither work of the ship. By two small gn- | ?incs the cargo and even our baggage is lifed into and out of the ship. An enclosed vheel on the upper deck, worked by a small mginc, drives 15,000 cubie feet of fresh air svery uninute through pipes into every stateoom, and to all parts of the ship. The ship s steered by steam! In the wheel-house ou he upper deck u man stands behind a small vheel, not three feet in diamctci. (A child :ould control this wheel in the roughest weather.) By means of rods which cxlcud irom this wheel to an engine placed on the nain deck near the stern, the man turns the wheel one way and it opor.s a valve in one jf the cylinders of the cngiuc, or by turning ;he other way, the valve in the other cyliuIwv %o opott ) m iVtio ttoj vm i\r, plied directly to machinery which controls ihe rudder. If the man in front lets go of die wheel, the cngiuc is locked and holds the rudder in the exact position in which it was left. This steering arrangement is comparatively new, and is, as yet, applied to but few vessels. Jf by any accident thiscngiue and ipparatus should get out of order, there is placed directly in front of it the great double wheel for four to six men to handle, and which can be put in gear iu live seconds. There is arranged throughout the ship a scries of electric wires, so that if we arc in our stateroom or smoking room, and wish to call a steward or waiter, wo have ouly to touch a button. A bell rings in the steward's department, and tho "Indicator" tells where the servaut is wanted. This and some other of the vessels of the Wfyite Star Lino i>ps.ses3 _ imnrovcuumts u/liinn iin? tint tmiiwl in innnv M M\o nlrtnf steam vcfesels. The dining staterooms arc as near midship as possible, and arc on the main deck, nud far abovo the water lino. By this arrangement but little motion is felt, and the port holes cau be left open unless the weather is very rough.? Although tho waves aro now rolling from 5 to 10 feet high, our vessel moves along without any pitching, ahd 1 am writing as agreeably as if in my own parlor. In all modern built steamships, there nrc below the wator line air-tight compartments, so that if au accident should happeu and a hole be stove in, u siugiu compartment would mi wun water, but do no other damage ; only adding a little to our cargo As to snfety, I would rather go from New York to Liverpool in this vessel thnu to go from New \ork to Chicago ia the cars. A gentleman next to ttits was Sis thirtyfourth trip aoross the Athntic, and this, he said was the finest vessel he had ever sailed in. We asked him if he bad ever met with an accident. "No," said he, and then added, "I was once ou a Cuuarder, about ten years ago, when a portion of the captain's room ou the upper deck was carried away ^ "I#a* I and F (bund about three feet of water in my stateroom. Two sailors were washed overboard, but tKis was hardly au accident J" To show how little the wind and Wfcather affects our progress, we sailed the first day froui noon to noou, 3G1 miles; 2d day 30-1 miles; 3d day 3(31 utiles; 4th day 3G0 utiles ; 5th day 317 utiles. The chief engineer (there arc seveu assistants) told ute we could with perfect safety utako one mile nit hour more, but the coutpauy would uot allow it. Tbey confine him to 1)5 tons of coal per day.? They would allow no racing. The averace time ot" crossing the Atlantic in these vessels is about 8 days, or two days less than tho average time made by boqic of the other lines. I have a good word for tcmpcrencc people. Our captain, Thompson, presides at the head tf ^ ii Mtfrnnndnl lw dig- ? tinguu?hcu ladies and gentlemen, who at dinner indulge in wine, champagne, etc. Capt. 'i hompsou never takes a drop of wine ; only a glass of milk,?and this ho takes at breakfast, lunch and dinner, not even taking tea or cofl'co. And he is a perfect picture of health and strength. We have some noted characters on boad. Gen. Daniel E. Sickles, ltev. Dr. Roberts, of Elizabeth, N.J. ltcv. Dr. Crosby of Nctv York, and the brothers William and John Jacob Astor, and their families, who own ahout one-third the real estate of New York. The two brothers, in dress and general appearance, look like a couple of respectable farmers, though rather more tanned than farlncrs in general. One would never take theui for millionaires. They arc becoming rjuite sociable and communicative. We have on board, for freight, six thousand tons of American cheese, six hundred tons of American beef, and Jive hundred thousand dollars in specie ! The beef is placed in immense refrigerators, as also tho milk we use and our principal provisions. The milk is put in air-tight cans and placed in the refrigerator, and is about as sweet to-day as when we left New York. Last evening wo had a grand entertainment on board, consisting of singing, piano iolos, recitations and prestidigitation. I have attcudcd many less interesting entertainments in New Y'ork. ltcv. Dr. Crosby presided. At the close, a collection was uikcu up for the benefit of the Jjiverpool Sailors' Orphan Asyluc. ; and a hundred lobars in gold was realized. G. Q. C. A Fat Mail Jod.?Washington, Au trust V.u L? -*r111 be reuieuibcrcd (hat in rooa the PavVAw" ? r ~?i?/ inteica imu a contract, nud obtained from Congress an annual subsidy of five hundred thousand dollars lor ten years, for carrying monthly the United States mails to Japau and Chiua; that the contract terminated about the first mouth of last year. The government, after paying five uiilliou dollars in subsidies to this company, found, by its tablo of receipts, that only ?150,UUO had been received in return for postage on mail matter received and sent by the steamers. The direct loss to the govcrumcut was therefore ?4,850,000, and if the loss of the interest on the payments be added, the amount will exceed the ?5,000,000 paid as a subsidy. At present, the mail is carried by steamer at regular ocean rates. It is probable that Oougress will bo asked to pass a law, providing that the owners or managers or steamers comiug to or departing from our ports, shall receive and transport such mails as our consuls at the foreigu poftsof departure may wish to send home, and such other mails as the postmaster at the port of departure in the United States, may wish to send to the country to which the steamer is bound, receiving us compensation for the service, the sea postage rates fixed by Congress.? Five thousand to ten thcusaud dollars fine to be the penalty of refusal. Three Infants Killed at a Cami? Meeting.?The llock Hill Herald of the 2l)th, vouches for the truth of the following statement: On Sunday last three infant i.: i.i ucgiu uuuuruu were Kineu at the negro camp, meeting at Steele llill, in upper Lancaster, by being stamped and rolled upon by shouting women. Strange to say, too, tbe?c tragic Iiruceasdiiurs tank npfcJinder the nrhfi i where the main crowd was gathered, but off a little- way iu tents. &yt,two. deaths oc^ currcd in the same tent either. These circumstances throw around this extraordinary occurrence a horrible suspicion of murder under the guise of religion. As far as we have particulars it appears that a number of women were carried from the arbor to tents, in a very excited state, and that after being placed in the tents where the children were, these tragic scenes were enacted.? Our latest information is that two of tho children were killed almost instantly, while the third ouc is alive, but with its back broi ken and many other bodily injuries ; it is expected to die. This place, Steele llill, was the scene of some ugly rioting during a eamp-uiccting there one year ago, and wo think it is now tiuie for some legal proceedings to be^pstituted against somebody. This is the season when newly-married couples make their appearanco at the watering-place hotels, languish on four-dollursa-day diet for one week precisely, aud then go homo to the realities of corn beef and cabbage for tho balance of their natural lives.