The weekly Union times. [volume] (Union C.H., South Carolina) 1871-1894, September 07, 1877, Image 1
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^jjniqultuiE, Jjortinulhirt, Jlomnatiq diipomg, |)o!ite ffiyatur^, gjoUtip, and thq Current Jtara of the gag.
lft?, *""^"_r!l" ' Q nu -trim.
* , ..NUMBEB 85.
AH IMPERATIVE HBCOBSSItY TOB ?OWfKO
LARGELY OT SMALL GRAIN THIS PALL.
ErWTORSoUTIlKRN COLTIVATOR.-^From
? careful reading of the Cultivator '-for several
years, I am satisfied you thoroughly
appreciate tho value of small gruin to the
^Southern farmer, aud that you havo been
unremitting in your efforts to encourage a
* 4argcr growth. On account of its importance,
it should be kept constantly before
our farmers, until every one is converted to
the bolief that he commits a great error when
'ho fails to devote a fair proportion of his land
to oats, wheat, barley and rye. The maximum
of success in farming can never be
obtained without the aid of these cereals,
for to whatever extent a farmer may plant
<o?.oorn and cotton, it is always in order to
w&UjfWl soww grain. It may
oe sown at a period when neither of these
can be, and requires comparatively little
care, producing a spring harvest. It is no
argument against grain growing to say (as
many do) that at the proper time to sow
tiny are too busy picking cotton and gathering
corn, and that harvest time comes at
a period when every energy is devoted to
chopping cotton and cleaning corn. A
alight expense in extra labor here pays by
far the largest profit of tho operations of
the farm, and how foolish to be deterred by
such reasoning.(?)
From indications now, it would seem that
the South, isdestiucd yet to becomo a groat
wheat and oat producing country. It will
be that when we produoe enough to meet
our home consumption j.-aad thafeagre ought
to do, for the simple reason thaKmPween do
it so easily. We may never care to raise
them for export, on account oi the competition
of other sections, but wo may advanoe
another important industry (wool
growing) by any surplus. Whether barley
and rye shall be grown other than for grazing
or soiling is yet to be demonstrated.?
' For these purposes alone, however, they are
invaluable. At present the oat is the uioet
valuable cereal to us, and next to it wheat.
As a money orop oats are far ahead of
wheat, considering the comnarativ* si?M
and price, rfow long this will continue, of
course depends on "supply and demand."
We certaiuly ought to grow enough wheat
for homo consumption. If every farmer in
the South would, this fall, dovote one acre
of good land to wheat and three to oats per
mule what a difference it would make in
our resouroes next summer !
I do not kuow to what extent crops arc
a failure in other sections or Georgia, tiuc
in this I know there will be a great deficiency
in the provision crops, and cotton is
not promising more than three-fifths.?
There will uot be one-third of a crop of
sweet potatoes and peas, and not much over
a half crop of corn, I am afraid. It is us
bad in South-western Georgia, the papers
state. Dry weather has prevailed gonerally
throughout the State, and caused more
or less damage it is certain. In view of
this, is it not imperative that wo should be
unusually active this fall, in endeavoring to
* meet theso deficiencies by a larger spring
harvest? In all probability, the coming
season will bo a fair and perhaps fine one
for grain. Let us not proorastiuate, and
when September and Ootober comes be unprepared
and say, "Well, I believe I will
wait until spring." Get seed ready at
ADM J&MMM lo??rl in - .n^itin.., ?nil
bow by Ap 15tk of October?bearing in mind
this fact, that if put uniformly 3} to 4
inches deep, the plants will withstand the
severest freezes of winter, and also suffer
muoh less from May and June droughts.
If perchance auy one farmer should be
induoed so sow, where he had intended not
to sow, or to sow more largely, by anything
I may have said, I would be glad to nave a
postal from him next Juns, setting forth his
oonclusions in the matter. S. A. C.
, ? .
N*w Development.?It has come to
light recently, that a large quantity of the
5,000 Remington Rifles, belonging to the
?tate were sold to sporting organisations during
the Republican rule, by the officer having
them in his oharge, and that worse than
all, this individual has appropriated ^Utile
fund raised through this Side speculation,
to his own private purposes. - To what extout
tuts lias been carried on, naS not yet
been definitely ascertained, but it has been
pretty heavy. Adjutant Genera) Moise is
on the track of the whole transaction, and
the guilty party will soon be brought up and
made to answer for his theft. When the
whole thing is sifted through, which will
noon be done, our people will know whet became
of the many thousand missing State
arms.
Dr. Caldwell, of Iowa, states thst in 1862
he was present at the exhumation of a body
whieh had been buried two years before.
The ooffin had sprung open at the joints,
and the hair. protruded through the openings.
On opening the eoffin the hair of
the head was found to measure eighteen
inohes, the whiskers eight iuobas and the
hair on the breast five or six inohes. The
? man had been shaved before bein^hMiiia
Id 1847, a similar oirouuiaUuiiM ucuurraa
in Mercer County, Pa. In digging a grave,
the workmen oame upon the skeleton of a
man that had been buried ten years. The
hair was as firm as during life, and had
growu to a length of eleven or twelve inohes.
. ^
AGRICULTURAL PROGRESS IN MECKLENo*
THITfenck LAW 1NA'~"THK W0KKlNa
llaving a business call to Charlotto last
week, wo made use of the opportunity thus
afforded for taking a look-at the surrounding
country, to note the progress of our neighbors,
and to inquire into the workiugs of
the new fence or stock law in that section.
To uiakc a good beginning, we started
under the care of Capt. Wadsworth, directly
to his celebrated lnrm, situated to the
west of Charlotte, just outside of the limits
of the town. We were prepared to see a
first class farm, but did not expect to find
one so complete in all its arrangements, combining
such a number of small industries.
under one general management.
Capt. Wadsworth has adopted the true
system of farming, for which our country is
adapted?that of mixed 'husbandry; practicing
a system of rotation, under which corn
and cotton arc followed by small grain,
which in turu are succeeded by clover and
the grasses. Concentrating his manures
upon the cultivated crops?corn and cotton;
his thorough preparation for, and cultivation
of. these crops, insures a fine yield, and
leaves his fields in fine condition for the
grain, grass and clover which are to follow;
and the lands are virtually at rest, and rapidly
recuporate by the accumulation of vegetable
matter, wbHo protected by the last
named crops, although furnishiog large
quantities of hay for his stock. Stock raising
is also a part of this system of mixed
husbandry, and he runs a dairy farm as a
part of his system, having one of the most
convenient, commodious barns, with% all
modern arrangements, for the protection and
convenience of bis stock.
He pays particular attention to the produotion'oF'fruits
of all kinds,?such as applatt,
peachesv pears, plums, cherries and
| grapes, having a fine vineyard of the last,
for which he finds a ready market in Charlotte,
turning the remainder, if any, into
wine. Hogs, turkeys, geese, ducks, chickous,
pigeons, &c., are raised in large quantities,
and the large flock of from seventy-five
to one hundred turkeys, scattered over a
pretty meadow, was aloue a sight worth going
to 6co. This farm is worth an article
in itself, being a model for this couutry,
which every one should imitate, leading ?s
it does, in the right direction, and showing,
as a forerunner of better days, what can
and will be done witji this favored country
of ours under a more intelligent and more
perfect system of agriculture.
, ..There anid tnilMbmn*nr ^"ii far""" and
much fine stock around Charlotte, but after
a visit to one of her gold mines, which is
now in successful operation, we turned our
attentiou to an examination'and inquiry into
the operations of the new fence or stock
law. This law has been in oneratinns in
the adjoining county (Cabarrus) for three
years, and a farmer from that county told
us that it was now giving general and almost
perfect satisfaction; and that no injustice
was done to any one under the new order
of things. It has prevailed in some townships
of Mecklenburg for several years, but
it was difficult to pass it in and arouud
Charlotte, as every one owned a cow or two,
for which they had free pasturage. It passed,
howovor, last winter, and nearly every
ono acknowledges that it is better, and the
only complaint that wo heard was, that the
chauge came too suddenly, and that some
puupie nau to make extra exertions to get
their pastures in readiness before the crops
wcro planted. We talked with white and
black, landlord and landless, and all acknowledged
that wheu the contracts for another
year are made, every inconvenience will bb
arranged, and every one satisfied with the
justico and fairness of the new law. Among
the results, or offects of the new law, we
may mention that all of the vacant lands
around the town have been put under cultivation
and made to produce fine crops;
dairy farms have been established, and milk
and butter can be purchased for less than it
takes to feed a cow, (milk now selling at 25
cents per gallon); permaneut pastures have
been established around tho town in which
cows can be pastured at reasonable rates ;
and besides, since the stock have been enclosed,
vegetation is more luxuriant, and a
cow tied out to a stake with a long rope can
easily pick enough grass to keep her in good
condition, at this season, without feeding.?
The farms and fields that wero under fence
remain so, but all around Charlotte fields are
to be found without a fence ; and there is a
small patch of corn on Main Street, near
the centre of the town, without a fence,
which remains untouched by man or beast:
and in a few years we expect to see her beautiful
yards and lawns unprotected by anything
save hedges, or very light ornamental
fences.
Oar observations and inquiries in Mecklenburg
only serve to strengthen the conviction
long felt, that the stock law is exactly
what is needsd to put our people upon
tho high road to agricultural prosperity.?
Spartan.
-?
Plain Rio* Puddimo.?To twelve cups
* ?i--.
?n lo uu;
alt and about a teaspoonful of butter. Excellent
baked in a slow oteu for three or
four houra.
In the country they blow a horn before
dinner; in town they tako ono.
TJ-. ?' I
CHOLERA IN POULTRY.
An Essay Read Before the Summer Meeting
of the State Grange at Anderson, S.
C., on the 10 th of -August, Prepared by
J II. Poster, of Lancaster County, S. C.
"Of the few diseases poultry are liable to,
noDe seems to deserve so much utteution as
.cholera. From some points of resemblance
between this ailuiout Jbd Asiatic cholera
among men, it is probible they have a like
origin; that is, oither symotic ornnimaloular.
Such symptoms as diarrhoea, collapse
nud rapid fatality, without any apparent
symptom, are common to both. Also the
fact that Asiatic cholera usually commences
in India, and that sovcral iargo breeds of I
chickens have b*eu imported from that Coun
try during the last twenty or thirty years. |
It is a well known fact that disuses arjilo- i
kingdom* Enlarged in i
chicken cholera. So unforwdHKn flmf i
one can foresee an attack^y iuspooting that |
organ. However desiral^p defioite ideas of <
its nature or essential elements of its cause j
may be, its prevention is still more desirable, i
It is often communicated to the healthy i
through the drinking water. Their water
should bo frequently reuewed during the day, (
and troughs dusted over with pulverized <
copperas, or riused with diluted carbolic s
acid. i
Gceso that arc confined to a yard and (
compelled to drink at a common trough take i
the disease; otherwise they have not been )
known to have it. j
All poultry that manifest any symptoms '
of cholera should be separated from the j
others, and fed with cooked food moistened
with diluted carbolic acid, and a few drops f
of muriatio4ineture of iroc4n theiw water. i
A large per cent, arc soou too much prostra- ;
ted to be able to eat; they can even be saved <
then if cooked food be pushed down their <
throats three or four times a day, it being )
moistened with diluted carbolic ncid. The f
main measure for protection against this j
scourge is to burn all that die of it. If the 1
dead are buried the larval of the common ]
blue fly will still bo propagated in great g
numbers, and when near maturity will leave
the carcases, come near the surface, be a
scratched out and eaten, and'thereby poisou j.
others. As all will not take the trouble to :
burn dead poultry, it is well to keep a watchful
yard dog?so whtchful that any cur that ?;
might have been eating a c&olera-killed fowl ~
should not loiter around onVs premises. It t
is evident thnt this is onoikf the ways by
j:.- : 5
mm Mill!" -IHITi IIII vsJa
Tub Death of AdmIral Eemmks.? a
Mobile, Ala., August 30?-AdmYal Semnies c
died at tea minutes pfct sefcu o'clock {
this morning, at Point CSrir. ^
Ilo was born in Mar And, and entered
the United States Navyln 1826. He was
rapidly promoted, and itvftSOf) attained the
rank of comuiauder. W^icn thjf war between
the States commented Adjniral Scmmes,
who was weli grounded in politics, and
a Slates Rights and anticonsolidation man,
earnestly cast his lot with thatof his fricuds
and compatriots of the South, and the gallant
services he rendered to the Confederate
cause, soon won for him the admiration of
his countrymen, as well as the plaudits of
his enemies. As early in the war as the
summer of 1861 he took command of the
Ot/ulV<Otiubv oVvuutw |;\ajot)
such havoc with the merchant marine of
the United States. It w4i as the commander
of the "290," or, #s*she was better
known, the Alabama, a;'shs> built in England
for the Confederate sRes, that he won
his highest fame. "Bold, (Airless and zealous,
bis vessel became, for a time, absolute
monarch of tho sens, inflicting immense
damages upon the mercantile marine of the ]
euemic* of his country.
On the 19th ot Juno, 1804, the Alabama '
was punk near Cherbourg, France, after a
desperate battle with tho Federal war stca- <
mer Kearsaore. commanded hv Admiral
Winslow, a native of Carolina. Nine of <
tho crew of the Alabama were killed and t
twenty-ono wounded. Admiral Seuimes, j
after the destruction of his Vessel, was res- <
cued by tho English yacht jfleerhound.
Since the war he has resided in Alabama,
among his kindred and loved irmrt
respected by all uttfn who knew him, leaving .
a volume of admirable interest ooucorning
his adventures aud servicde in tlW Confederate
cause. j|
Lively Times irl CmoAao.-^The Chicago
Tribune, says : In this city tho avalanche
of grain from tho couutry has put a
now face on everything. Railroads arc now
full of business, and thousands of idlo men
set to work. All the lake vessels arc in demand
for tho grain trade, and extra men,
at increased wages, are set to worlclloading
and navigating them. Orders fljjr goods
iiiiui tuc cuumry ure ^ouung id, HUH l?
beginning to work in trade amoug the
merchants, and of coufpe that sets idle men
at work, boxing, packing, casting, and
handling. Altogether, toattersare rapidly
^h^g^orn^a^^h^aMg^Mir^fevcrabl^
An ambitious Philadelphia couple were
on Sunday last married whilst on their way
to Atlantio City, on the morning excursion
train; Tho ceremony was wituesscd by n
car full of friends, the wedding cake was
out and other festivities wore indulgod in.
LIFE ON AN OCEAN STEAMEB.
Steamer Britanic, \
White Star Line, Mid-Ocean,m
June 22d, 1877. j
Iu this letter, I propose to give some of
the characteristics of au occau-stcamcr, and
particularly of this vessel, and the ' Gcrmanic"
of the same line, as they are constructed
and furnished exactly alike.
An ocean steamer differs very widely from
a lake or river steamer. The load or cargo
of a lake steau.er is placed ail 011 the
main deck, and, of course, above the water
line. In an ocean steamer the cargo is put
in the hold far below the. water line, also our
baggage, except what we require in our
state rooms. A lake steamer draws only
1'roni 5 to 8 or 10 feetol water. This steamer
draws 25 feet of water. A lake stcaui
wt in j>nop?41cd by ?i<le wbofcU. Thy mini i.
is driven by a screw, situated itoarfjr25 fWt
below the surface of the water, iu l'rout of
the ruHdor, but in rear of the vessel. This
icrcw has lour steel flanges, and is only 23
feet G inches iu diameter. Vet its propelling
power, being so deep under water, is
reuiendous.
The hull of a lake steamer is constructed
)f wood, and has guards extending out four
>r five feet beyond the hull. An occau
itoamer is constructed of iron?great long
ron plates forming the hold, and these fas;encd
by bolts to an iron framework. There
s hardly a particle of wood below the water
inc. There arc uo side guards. A lake
iteauier is wide in proportion to its length.
This steamer, the llritanic, is *170 feet long
ind ouly 45 feet wide.
The following are the principal statistics 1
espccting this vessel. Le.igth 470 feet;
vidth 45 feet; tonnage 5004 tons; engines I
TOO horse power; indicated power, 5000;
sight boilers, with 32 furnaces under them;
sonsumption of coal per day 95 tous ; uuuiicr
of Officers and men, including sailors,
ircuicn, cooks and table waiters, 152; averigc
speed of ship, 15 knots to the hour, (a
knot is one-sixth of a mile longer tha an i
English mile;) diameter of screw 23 feet,
ix inches ; diarv.ei.tr of shall 22 inches. '
The dining saloon is about fifly feet long '
ind extends from side to side of the ship,
laving five rowsot tables, with fixed rcvolvng
chairs, seating 182 persons. 1
On loaviug port the tanks are filled with '
!8,000 gallons of fresh water, which, by '
ncans of pipes, is carried to every part of '
he ship. If this supply should fall short,
>nc gallon per uiinutc can be produced by
frftiuJlio 1a?m. '
1 IUBHr;tTtilwTj-gig"f tu Orlvc ifie I ,
hip, and nineteen other ongiucs to do the (
ither work of the ship. By two small gn- |
?incs the cargo and even our baggage is lifed
into and out of the ship. An enclosed
vheel on the upper deck, worked by a small
mginc, drives 15,000 cubie feet of fresh air
svery uninute through pipes into every stateoom,
and to all parts of the ship. The ship
s steered by steam! In the wheel-house ou
he upper deck u man stands behind a small
vheel, not three feet in diamctci. (A child
:ould control this wheel in the roughest
weather.) By means of rods which cxlcud
irom this wheel to an engine placed on the
nain deck near the stern, the man turns the
wheel one way and it opor.s a valve in one
jf the cylinders of the cngiuc, or by turning
;he other way, the valve in the other cyliuIwv
%o opott ) m iVtio ttoj vm i\r,
plied directly to machinery which controls
ihe rudder. If the man in front lets go of
die wheel, the cngiuc is locked and holds the
rudder in the exact position in which it was
left. This steering arrangement is comparatively
new, and is, as yet, applied to but few
vessels. Jf by any accident thiscngiue and
ipparatus should get out of order, there is
placed directly in front of it the great double
wheel for four to six men to handle, and
which can be put in gear iu live seconds.
There is arranged throughout the ship a
scries of electric wires, so that if we arc in
our stateroom or smoking room, and wish to
call a steward or waiter, wo have ouly to
touch a button. A bell rings in the steward's
department, and tho "Indicator" tells
where the servaut is wanted.
This and some other of the vessels of the
Wfyite Star Lino i>ps.ses3 _ imnrovcuumts
u/liinn iin? tint tmiiwl in innnv M M\o nlrtnf
steam vcfesels. The dining staterooms
arc as near midship as possible, and
arc on the main deck, nud far abovo the
water lino. By this arrangement but little
motion is felt, and the port holes cau be left
open unless the weather is very rough.?
Although tho waves aro now rolling from 5
to 10 feet high, our vessel moves along without
any pitching, ahd 1 am writing as agreeably
as if in my own parlor. In all modern
built steamships, there nrc below the wator
line air-tight compartments, so that if au
accident should happeu and a hole be stove
in, u siugiu compartment would mi wun water,
but do no other damage ; only adding a
little to our cargo As to snfety, I would
rather go from New York to Liverpool in
this vessel thnu to go from New \ork to
Chicago ia the cars. A gentleman next to
ttits was Sis thirtyfourth
trip aoross the Athntic, and this, he
said was the finest vessel he had ever sailed
in. We asked him if he bad ever met with
an accident. "No," said he, and then added,
"I was once ou a Cuuarder, about ten
years ago, when a portion of the captain's
room ou the upper deck was carried away
^ "I#a* I
and F (bund about three feet of water in my
stateroom. Two sailors were washed overboard,
but tKis was hardly au accident J" To
show how little the wind and Wfcather affects
our progress, we sailed the first day froui
noon to noou, 3G1 miles; 2d day 30-1 miles;
3d day 3(31 utiles; 4th day 3G0 utiles ; 5th
day 317 utiles. The chief engineer (there
arc seveu assistants) told ute we could with
perfect safety utako one mile nit hour more,
but the coutpauy would uot allow it. Tbey
confine him to 1)5 tons of coal per day.?
They would allow no racing. The averace
time ot" crossing the Atlantic in these vessels
is about 8 days, or two days less than tho
average time made by boqic of the other
lines.
I have a good word for tcmpcrencc people.
Our captain, Thompson, presides at the head
tf ^ ii Mtfrnnndnl lw dig- ?
tinguu?hcu ladies and gentlemen, who at dinner
indulge in wine, champagne, etc. Capt.
'i hompsou never takes a drop of wine ; only
a glass of milk,?and this ho takes at breakfast,
lunch and dinner, not even taking tea
or cofl'co. And he is a perfect picture of
health and strength.
We have some noted characters on boad.
Gen. Daniel E. Sickles, ltev. Dr. Roberts,
of Elizabeth, N.J. ltcv. Dr. Crosby of Nctv
York, and the brothers William and John
Jacob Astor, and their families, who own
ahout one-third the real estate of New York.
The two brothers, in dress and general appearance,
look like a couple of respectable
farmers, though rather more tanned than
farlncrs in general. One would never take
theui for millionaires. They arc becoming
rjuite sociable and communicative.
We have on board, for freight, six thousand
tons of American cheese, six hundred
tons of American beef, and Jive hundred
thousand dollars in specie ! The beef is placed
in immense refrigerators, as also tho
milk we use and our principal provisions.
The milk is put in air-tight cans and
placed in the refrigerator, and is about as
sweet to-day as when we left New York.
Last evening wo had a grand entertainment
on board, consisting of singing, piano
iolos, recitations and prestidigitation. I
have attcudcd many less interesting entertainments
in New Y'ork. ltcv. Dr. Crosby
presided. At the close, a collection was
uikcu up for the benefit of the Jjiverpool
Sailors' Orphan Asyluc. ; and a hundred
lobars in gold was realized. G. Q. C.
A Fat Mail Jod.?Washington, Au
trust V.u L? -*r111 be reuieuibcrcd (hat in
rooa the PavVAw" ? r ~?i?/ inteica
imu a contract, nud obtained from
Congress an annual subsidy of five hundred
thousand dollars lor ten years, for carrying
monthly the United States mails to Japau
and Chiua; that the contract terminated
about the first mouth of last year. The government,
after paying five uiilliou dollars in
subsidies to this company, found, by its tablo
of receipts, that only ?150,UUO had been received
in return for postage on mail matter
received and sent by the steamers.
The direct loss to the govcrumcut was
therefore ?4,850,000, and if the loss of the
interest on the payments be added, the
amount will exceed the ?5,000,000 paid as
a subsidy. At present, the mail is carried
by steamer at regular ocean rates. It is probable
that Oougress will bo asked to pass a
law, providing that the owners or managers
or steamers comiug to or departing from our
ports, shall receive and transport such mails
as our consuls at the foreigu poftsof departure
may wish to send home, and such other
mails as the postmaster at the port of departure
in the United States, may wish to send
to the country to which the steamer is bound,
receiving us compensation for the service,
the sea postage rates fixed by Congress.?
Five thousand to ten thcusaud dollars fine
to be the penalty of refusal.
Three Infants Killed at a Cami?
Meeting.?The llock Hill Herald of the
2l)th, vouches for the truth of the following
statement: On Sunday last three infant
i.: i.i
ucgiu uuuuruu were Kineu at the negro camp,
meeting at Steele llill, in upper Lancaster,
by being stamped and rolled upon by shouting
women. Strange to say, too, tbe?c tragic
Iiruceasdiiurs tank npfcJinder the nrhfi i
where the main crowd was gathered, but off
a little- way iu tents. &yt,two. deaths oc^
currcd in the same tent either. These circumstances
throw around this extraordinary
occurrence a horrible suspicion of murder
under the guise of religion. As far as we
have particulars it appears that a number
of women were carried from the arbor to
tents, in a very excited state, and that after
being placed in the tents where the children
were, these tragic scenes were enacted.?
Our latest information is that two of tho
children were killed almost instantly, while
the third ouc is alive, but with its back broi
ken and many other bodily injuries ; it is
expected to die. This place, Steele llill,
was the scene of some ugly rioting during a
eamp-uiccting there one year ago, and wo
think it is now tiuie for some legal proceedings
to be^pstituted against somebody.
This is the season when newly-married
couples make their appearanco at the watering-place
hotels, languish on four-dollursa-day
diet for one week precisely, aud then
go homo to the realities of corn beef and
cabbage for tho balance of their natural
lives.