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L X V II P K S . . TR__O____. rr~h VO. XVIIlC:,.NS, S. C.. THURSDAY, OCTOBER6,18.N 2 - CAPTAIN TILLMIAN'S REVIEW OF TIl IC A11UMENTf ON TIE QZUESTION. He Invites a Full i)hscussion of the Subjcet 4and redIcts a Victory for tho Friends of the Prop)osed InRtitution. To the Editor of the News and Courier: In' my previous letters I have at one time or another answered or forestalled every argument which has over boon advanced against the separate agricultural collere, and it is disagreeable to have to go osr the same ground again. But the cpp ; nents of such a school in South Carolina, who realize and see that the idea is gain ing ground rapidly and surely, continue to repeat the threadbare and untenable - arguments against it that havo at various times been advanced by "Carolinian," Capt. Paul Hammond and others. I therefore feel constrained to again tako part- in the "controversy" or "discus sion," whichever it may be called. It is gratifying to note the fact that we have driven our adversaries to abaLdot. their first mode of attack, in which ridi cule and personal abuse were mainly relied upon. "D.," the latest knight who couches a lanco in behalf of the waning cause of the "agricultural annex" and whose articles have recently appeared it The News and Courier, says the ques tion of the "education of our youths should be approached seriously, gravely, earnestly, reverently." Most assuredly, and I agree with him that, in duling with this question, "a blunder may be worse than a crime." I contend that the blunder and crime both have be<n al ready committed, and that alone has moved me to undertake and continue the - agitation known as the "farmers' move ment." If I have at times overstepped the bounds of that "serious, candid, dis passionate discussion" for which "1)." pleads, I have had provocation enough, as- your readers well know, and I have always acted on the defensive. I claim to have been actuated by an "varnest, patriotic spirit," and with reason, facts and arguments to fully sustain my posi tior. I have only indulged in invective or sarcasm to repel personal assault, or when I felt that the injustice practiced against farmers required merited rebuke. lI andl all the friends of a real farmers' college and of agricultural advancement a South Carolina are ready and anxious ,o meet our antagonists in fair debato, eri vowapprs ,r beforo the people, and wethallengu t 16 a "joint a, discussion" of the issues presentcd. We hayo nothing to lose and everythi:g to pain by such a discussion, and .,ile their trained intellects and oratorical ility may and does give them the ad r:" tage, relying on common sense and ' e justice of our cause, we court the o test. Truth dreads darlgess rather than light, and we feel that we have both truth and justice on our side. As Chairman of the Executive Com mittee of the lfarmers' Association, I hereby extend an invitation and challenge to the Board of Trustees of the South Carolina College and to the Board of Agriculture to appoint speakers to repre sent them, and we will do likewise; and we will further agreo to get up muss meetings of farmers to hear the cause and decide who is right. It will conic to this at last, and it had just as well (()C to it at once; for, as ''I)." says: ''South Carolina has always been and probably always will be an agricultural State, and it is a manifest necessity that this pnob lem be solved with correctness and solved with dispatch." The wise disposition of the Hatch ap propriation, which will devolve uiponi the Legislature at the next session, renders it all the more necessary that no more mistakes be made; andt if the lawyers and "the once lordly planters" expect to waste that money as the land( scrip fund and privilege tax are now b)eing wasted, and as the two experimental stations p)romise to waste it, it must be after an. other election has showvn that the major ity of the farmers are of their own way of thinking. It will not do to rely ion the esprit do corps of th~e lawyers in the Senate to decide the matter contrary to the wishes of thle common farmers. Many of the ''once lordly planters" are now common farmers, conscious of the errors of their own training,--md Bour bonism will yet learni that neither class partisanship nor political trickery can shake us off. Let "D." and his friends who are fighting to sustain the ''annex" and agricultural bureau, meet us on the stump and allow the whole case to be presented. I[f the farmers then dcideI that the South Carolina College shall staud as it is, we will submit, but not till then. In the meantime, I will endeavor to anlswer the arguments ''D." has p)resentedl as going to show that the Sout h Carolina College is now carrying out the Federal law ini good faith, and "'fulfilling its re guirements more fully thani the Agricul tural and Mechanical College of Missis sippi." In the first p)lace, until this agitation began there was really no agri cultural or mechanical feature attached to the South Carolina College. Presidlent MecBryde's executive duties absorbed all his time and energies, and nothing has been done and no change made in the curriculum since August, 1885, excolpt to employ an adjunct professor of agr-icul ture and erect a small machine shop in which applied mechanics are taught by the naval oflicor who is detailed by the United States Government for that p~ur poso. Everythjng (else is on the same old basis, and the whole bias and (fleet of the training has becen towards thet )r->fessains and away from the farmi; ano ' fact cannot be denlied that tho me uiical department has developed jat her ian the agricultural. Now "DI."' conceies that '"Suth Cai olina is an agricultuaral State and lik.ely to remain so.'' Shall we thon rest con tent with a little mechaicaiel traiii. along with the classical and liter.ii courses, as being the best I , it on youths (10 or 15 a year' for becoin, farmers? If agricuitmoe is nowv our moan business, and there is uichl compet-it io among the p)rofe.ssion"s- -ailready ov~e> ilowing--that there is only ''room at th top,'' why should t his t:riciiltural SM i devote all its energies towatr educatiun more non-producers, b)y p,.ving thie, such a ''liberal'' ( dluction thaot th e scorn work and reek to live by the suenh of somebody elst'u brow? hlave we no got enough half-starved lawyers am preachers now? Why grind out and more? Why increaso the army of mor chants' clerks, who pai their hair in th middle because of orlargement of th brain, but who haven't senso enough tc farm profitably, and thereforo desert the old homesteads to find au easier way tc make a living? If agriculture is our principal businc, why not educate farmers? Why not de vote all the money we can spare to train ing farmers and mechanics--the first tc develop our agriculturo, the others t< establish manr factures among us an< give our farmers a home market? Wil the supply of Lawyers, preachers an< doctors run out? iot a bit of danger Wollhrd, Furman, Erskine, Harvard Yale, .Princeton, a thousand classical and literary institutions at home and abroad will keep up the supply. But, says some adherent of )r. Thorn well, they will not be "homogeneous.' Public men thus trained will not b( united, they will not think aliko, &c., &c. Thore would be no nucleus for a ''ring.' I grant you; and thero would be a healthy current of now thought and diverse opi nions brought back which might in time evolve soie statesman who can show us a way to rebuild our shattered fortunes, without depending on ''Northern capital and brains" alone. 'I'he only Carolinian who has a world-wide fame got his edu cation outside the State, and it is easy to believe that if more of our public men had been thus educated there would be less of provincialisms, stagnation and self-idolatry among us. The South Car olina College has 1)oduneed some great men, but it is sad to see many of its alumni and faculty opposing progress and fighting the battle of Bourbonism. 'I'he Rev. John Jasper swears the "sun do move." Some men in high places in South Carolina are ready to say to the Nineteenth century, "Stop, stand still!" But I have got switched o from ''1)." and his arguments, and I will try to got back. I will only say that the South Carolina College has descended from the high place upon which Dr. Thornwell sought to anchor it, and mixing mechan icatl and manual labor in over so small a degree with its purely mental training is dragging its mantle in the dust for money, ani trying to accomplish the chemical impossibility of mixing oil and water. The ch- sical and literary elements have always overshadowed and swallowed up any technical or practical ann.x in every mixed school or college that has ever tried it; and so it has been, and will con tinue to be, in this State. I defy ''1)." or any one else to refute the assertion. And now I make another, namely, tliat not live per cent, of the graduates of the literary colleges and universites ever (arm. I have abundant proof if any one disputes the fact. 'Tho matter then re solves itself into this shape: A college which hopes or intends to educate men who will return to the farm must do two things. First, make agricultw its lead ing feature, and second, require manual labor during the whole course of study. Now, ''1)." was so rash as to claim that the South Carolina College is .carrying out the Federal law more fully than the Mississippi College, because it has in a small way developed its mechanical an iex, and because, as lie alleges, the Mis sissippi College (oes not atlord a "libe ral" education. Every reader of 'Thie News and Courier is familiar with the clause of the Act of 1 which describes the kind of eollege intended to be eatablished. It expressly tates that its 'leauing object shall he to teach such branches of learning as are related to agricualtuare and the mechanic arts,'' c. ''Leading! leading! IEAois!" I write it in eapitals so "D." .and all his brother soplhists can sc it. When they come to construe that oft-repeated sen tene they never see ''leading" at all. They cannot attach r iy meaning to "'practical," but jnup -ith gladdened hearts to the words, ''Without excluding classical studies," and -'Liberal,' al though these words arc only an excres co-nce, and not essential to understand the sentence. 'lTen, again, they seize on the words to ''promote the education of the indusn trial classes ini the several pursuits and purofessions of life"-- -"everal p)ursuiits zad pro fessions." Iluere is warrant enough for t taching anything. I ut who is to be taught ? Thle sonts of "'once lordly plan ters?" 'The sons of lawyers and rich men, such as constitute the bulk of the students att the South Carolina College? Oh, no! ['ho ''industrial classes," says the lawv. Well, who are the industrial classes in South Carolina? "DI." has answered this iluestin for mnc. lie says, ''We are an agricul t ural people and likely to remain so in spite oX b oomls,"'&c. 'Thlis Federal money was donated to establish a cil lege--mrk you, not an "'annex'' to a uinivers;ity-whioso leading object should t)e to teach the children of the industrialh elasres to become good farmers andl me elhanics. 'iiT classics were not to be "'excluded'' if it was found p)ract icable and the money held out. Mtilitary tac tics we re ''included" aud provision madie for sending an ollicer of the United States irm y to teach them. "bibeoral" is a mountain, ''practical" a mole-hill, in "'D. 's" eyes. "LIeading" he cannot see. Ieo is willing for the "'onet lordly planter's" son to steal the pl)O farmer boy's chance for an education, but "'military tactics" are beneath hie Uotice. What has become of this army 'aior and his military tactics, oh "DI.?' Is lhe at the South Carolina College mian, afacturing "'dudes?'' "'Oh, no; -ho ii it our military branch in Charleston. What is lie doing there and why wasni' the land acrip fund appropriated to youi military branch? Imitating miy goo) friendl, for I havo reall fallein in lovi with '".1.,'' lhe is so " candu(id,"' and " er.r iest,'' anit "'serious,'' and '"reverent,' -md "'diepaseiounte,''and fair. (?) I wil ''pauiso for a rep)ly.'' lint thon the mnili tary branch may be) fulfilling the Federai law and educating the children of t Ii u dust.rial classes toa become farmters am~ ucchanics. .Let umi re , I saw niot long ago in Th Newvs and Courier a staitemient of t hi aesent occupation of the Citadel giadi itt(5 for '85 and '80. Onaly one is wrn :aaminag. TIhe re t aro followinig W.br "pu)irHuits andi prfesions5 of Ii he.' Alh, das! t he muilIitty stud(enlt don1111't 51eem 14 like " agriculItur"' any better than thzei classical and literary brethbreni at Cohinu nia. Only one farmer- biut haiz tratinni will not he'lp im ato' gilt a g ood strt lie hxas everything 30tI to h arn, t:o far a tus chosen occupjation is eoniecrue(d, am knowvs nothing of either ihie science o pracetice- of faringi. I lad lhe g' adut at the Missi-.ipnii Collge how foen 1 it would be! 'L.:- 'boy e.t Columbia lolli r in the shade of the noble trees on the - campus, and puts only his head to school The boy in Charleston puts his head ani legs to school, and his hands also becom< most expert in handling a rifle; but riflos don't assist him to get a living after h< > graduates. The boy in Mississippi puth head, legs, hands and eyes to school, 3 Tho whole boy is taught, and he is taugh1 how to farm on a farm by mon who know to "do what they teach," not by "bool farmers" and theorists. lie nover is al. lowed to lose the habits of industry and l sympathy with labor he brings with him l from his humble home, but continuce l during two or three hours of each day te hoe, to ditch, "to fork manure," to milk, to make butter, to feed stock, to graft, to bud, t prune, and do a thousand things or see them done that will be of benefit in after life. it will have been noticed that ")." and all of his brethren never omit in their category of labors the "forking of manuro." This is too degrading in their eyes for any white boy to do while at school, and should be "taught at home." Now, of all things on Southern farms this thing of making and handling and sowing barn-yard manure is most no glected and least understood, while it is the very life an essence of good farming. The average farmer knows nothing about it and cannot therefore teach his son at home. But the editor of the Columbia ltegister, who is "D.'s" ally, has discov ored that "manual labor and attention to the details of farm work are inconsistent with an advanced and comprehensive curriculum." "That the students cannot command the time or nervous energy to properly master both." This is news indeed, and Col. Thomas' long experience as an educator gives it great weight. Unfortunately he has had no experience along that line and it is only his opinion. Let us see what those men think who have been studying and teaching agriculture. On the 8th of July past "The National Association of Teach era of Agriculture and horticulture" met at the University of illinois. There were present representatives of the laud-grant colleges of Ohio, Indiana, illinois, Mich igan, Kansas, Iowa and Missouri. They adopted, after full discussion, with one dissenting vote, the following resolution: "llesolved, That we favor regular, compulsory labor by students on our ag ricultural college farms, but before that it should be required only so far as it is designed to he instructive." The opponents of the separate agricul tural college cannot, or will not, under stand that the labor is insisted on for two reasons-ir:t, as a means of practica! illustration and instruction just as medi cal students aro taught anatomy in the hissecting room, or law students practice in the moot courts before going into the court house. But mainly because if the student at that formative period of life does nothing for four years but study books and cultivate the mind, not three in a hundred will ever return to the farm, where manual labor and physical energy are absolutely essential to success. ' This is the whole thing in a nutshell. "I)." says: "It is a question of taste whether it is better for the farmer's son to pay money in college to learn law than to fork manure, cut wood, &c." There is no taste in the matter. To educate farm ers experience has shown that labor is as essential a part of the curriculum as ehe mistay or vegetable physiology, and it is better to even "fork manure'' than to loaf or play poker and billiards, or smoke cigarettes to kill time. I will notice only one other )oiut i,a't ''I)." makes---viz: that the li:,sissippi College "attracts by its cheapness as much as by its agriculture." We will grant this, if you please, but if the South Carolina College only turns out less than five "book" farmers tb the hundred gra duates, while those of Michigan and Mississippi can show fifty per cent, who farm, it is enough to pr;>ve that in this "agricultural State" a college like these two is more needed and would be of greater benefit than five South Carolina Colleges. But the bonus paid students for their labor at these two colleges is called the ''meal tub that contains the sop," andl we are twitted wiith heving set upl a ''barrier across the pathway of the South Carolina b)oy" because we were opp)osed to free tuition in the South Carolina College except to indigent youths. The bill drawn by me last winter to establish an agricultural and mechanical college in this State, but not int.roduced for good reasons, called for tuition fees ''not to exceed forty dollars," but allowed free tuition to those unable to pay. It is natural to suplpose that the college would1 be practically ''free," except for a few studenats. Suppose we shall demand that it be absolutely ''free'' to all, will the charge ot inconsistency and class legislation be thrown :at us? Of course, but~ with how little reason. 'Thoero wouild lbe no competition between thle agricul tural and mechanical college andi li.2 2 nom inationial colleges, and conseq uently no in justico. TIhe class of students--poor farmers' so; :---whio would mainly 1i11 up the agricultural college would never t;hink of trying to go to the South Carolina College or to the denominational col leges, and if men whlo are able choose to scnd their sons there let them pay for it as they do at Columbia. "D"saves his best shot for the last and winds up as follows: ''Yet how is a public sentiment that would not tolerate tree tuition only in the South Carolina College going to be brought to the p)oint of teaching a youth free a.id piayinig hims besides? I pause for a repily." You :!hall have it, my friend, with a vengeance. Y'u have forgotten something. South Carolina d0es sonic queer things at tim( s. Ii-1u youi ever hear of a school called the Citadel located in Charleston? Do you know that in order to edlucato sixty-eight poor boys this little State of South Caro lina spiendsa $20,000t a year, and not only gyves them free tuitioii but boards and clothes them besides? WVhi(t.her ''public sentiment'" endorses it or not has never been and may never bo0 tested, but with tis fact starinig him in the Lac 3, and the k nowledge which I now fuirsrsh hism free >f charge, that with a sirilatr stunm spent for student lab)or in an industrial college, the State can 1help iour hundredl pot. uoys to (educaLte thiennsolves, we will not dlespair of blng inig ''public sentiment' o esttalish and sustain such a school. With or without free tuition, we need it' with or without the consent of "."' am1] dis "'lortdly'' allies we are going to hiavt t, or "'fight it out en that line'' (luring a doZeln summers. IL. 11. 'inndMAN, t Roner', . C., Septemb.. '7,8u, UI J(.!UITOUUS ISRAELITES. Their Adaptability to All clinmates an CondItions. It has frequently been remarked, say the Jewish World, that the Jewish rac has a wonderful power of adaptation t all climates. Jews are found in all part of the globe, and seem to possess a ver tomarkable faculty for acclimatization even under the most unfavorable oircum stances. Mesopotamia is considered th mother country of the Abrahamic fhmil as well as the cradle of the human raci Some years ago a small colony of Jew were found in the ancient city of Sennar in the South of Msopotamia, and in th vicinity of ancient Babylon. Of the so venty families composing the colony, on claimed to be descended from King Joa chim, the rest from the house of Levi A colony of Jews appear to have settlei in China about the beginning of the thiri century of the Christian era, under the (lynasty of Han. In 1701, Father Gon zani, a Iton:an Catholic missionary, founc seven Jowish families near Pekin. In 1686 a Portuguese Jew of Amster dam, named DePavia, discovered a secl of Jews in Cochin China. According t a tradition preserved among them, the) were descended from a tribe af Jews whc had quitted Palestine on the dostructiori of the second temple. From their lone residence in Cochin they had becomc completely bronzed. These are not th( same as the Malabar Jews. The Jewish traveler Benjamin, sometimes called Ben jamin the Second, discovered a colony of Jews, evidently of Persian origin, in Ilindostan. 'They were known as "Bab ylonian Jews," on account of their having migrated from Babylonia. They ob served the essential rites of Judaism, aud strictly avoided interms rriage with othecr sects. In the beginning of the seven teenth century a Jewish colony settled in Cayenne, in the Vest Indies, one of the most inhospitable climates in South America. Cayenne was subsequently conquered by the French, who made it a penal settlement, and the Jewish colony was forced to retire to Surinam. Notwithstanding frequent persecutions Jews are still found in Persia, more es pecially to the South of the Caspian Sea, where the soil is very fertile, but the cli mate very unhealthy. The principal city is Bulprosh, where about 150 Jewish fa milies reside in almost complete isolation. 'T'hey trade with their brethren in Great Tartary, and are engaged in the wool and silk trade or in the sale of citrons. They, too, trace their origin from the Babylonian captivity; for, according to a tradition still possessed among them, their ancestors settled in Persia in the time of Nebuchadnezzar, and did not re spond to the appeal of Ezra to return to return to Palestine. Their mode f liff resembles that of the 1'ersians in ra. They hold the beard in high estee and wear long flowing robes. They have several synagogues, and obtain scrolls of the law from Bagdad. The celebratec African traveler, Mungo Park, found a colony of .)ewish families in th3 heart of Africa, about 800 miles from the coast. It is, no doubt, this peculiarity of the Jewish race which induced a French writer on "Medical Geography" to cx press the opinion that ''it is questionable whether the crossing of human varieties confers on the issue constant advantages in relation to the species, for the Jewish race seems in a wonderful manner capa ble of adapting itself to every change of climate, while others are scarcely able to bear the least change." ''he Jew is found in every part of the world iii Europe, from Norway to Gib raltar; in Africa, from Algiers eo the Cape of (lood hope; in Asia, from Co chin to the Caucasus, from Jaila to Pekin. ie has peopled Australia, and has given proof of his powers of acclimatization under the( trop)ics, when p)eople of Euro peanL origin have constantly failed to perpetuate themselves. SIA3MlSIE A31AZONS. A1 ing's 31 lita iry I buy (G iuard ComposedC Ent Iirely of1 W~omen4. (London cir. Chicago Tribune.) Among the other visitors to the exhi bition has been the P'rinco of Siam, bro thier to the King. lie is a littble manm, has an olive complexion, black eyes, speaks~ English pierfetly and has chaiming man ners. As an example of one of the good results of the American exhibition, dulr ing his visit lie made a careful inspection cf the goods in the main building and splent thiousainds of dollars on the useful things he saw which were up to the pro. sent time unknown to Siam. lie gavc an order for 100) type-writers to one manufacturer, a large order for safes Lu another, ordered a steam engine, four dozen carp)et swcepers and a number oh other ingenious things which attracted his attention; so that these exhiibitors have [lie satisfaction of knowing that they have opeined aL market for them selves in Siam at no greater expense than go ing to the American exhibition. TIhe fashion having been set by the P rince, large orders for all these goods lie assured thenm would follow. .It would therefort applear that the people in his country, which very few of us stop to realize ii twvice as large in its area as France, and has a popunlation of about 15,000,00. p)eople, are all making rapid strides to ward mnoderni civilization. lie gave us some curious information, however, about the King's amazons, tlc Royal Guard being composed entirely o. women. This battalion consists of 400,) chosen from among the handsomest and most robust girls in the country. Tlhey receive excellent pay and their disciplin< is perfect. 'They are admlitted1 to servt at the ago of I13, anud are placed in th< army of reserve at the age of 23. Froin that p)eriod they no longer serve about the King's piersoni, buit are empi~loyed1 tc guard1 the royal palaces and crown lands, On entering the army the amazons makt a vow of chastity, for which there is inc ~'exemption uniless any of them shiould attract the in g's attention aind be adl mitted among his legitimalte wives. Th<1 King'E choice seldom fallIs cin the moci beautiful, bt on the most skilled ii amilitary exercise. The costume thiem women wear is very rich. TIhe full dresi is a white woolen robe embroidered witl gold; the cloth is extremely line anid dle scenids as far as the knee; it is cover( with a light coat of mail and gilt cuiraiss, lhe arms are free, and the hteadl cover< with a gilt casque. When wearinig ti; Iress oni state occasions their only wea pon is a lance, whmich they handle wittI wvondeifuil dexteirity. With their und res they are armedl with a musket. 'The battalion is composed of four complanies4 each company of 100 women commanmdet hv a c.antain of their own -ex Sl,,i the captain die the company is driilc during three days by the King, who al points the most competent to succeed t the command. The King of Siam never undertak< any expedition without being accomzpi Smenid by his female guard, nor does 1i over hunt or even ride without an esco Vof the same guard, who are dlevotedi attached to his person. Every momht of the battalion has live negresses attael a ed to her service, and, having thus n domestic occupation, she can devote hei self exclusively to the duties of her prc fession. There is a parade ground nca the city, where one company is statione, two days every week, to cxorcise them solves in the use of the lance, pistol an< riflo. The King atteois onco a month a - those exercises, accompanied by hi brother, who shares in some degrce th sovereign power, and distributes prizto\e to those most deserving. When the deat] of one of the parties ensues, the deceasei receives a magnificent funeral, and th higli priest pronounces a panegyrie, de claring that the deceased by her valo has merited eternal rest in the abode o the blessed. The survivor receives th< congratulations of her comnpanions; but as a measure of discipline, is sentence< to pass two months away from her colm pany in fasting and prayer. The miitar; orgarization of this battalion is so per feet that the entire army endeavorr t< imitato it. A MAD EN(INEEIC Goes at a Terrllble Si(((d un 1 Want tc Leap from a \v'ln,loa. DES MOINES, IOWA, Sept. 29.-Firemai Roberts of the Wabash road arrived hore yesterday on his train, and tells a thrill Inmg story of his experience with a ma engineer. When the train drew out o: this place Tuesday, Engineer I3otswortl appeared to be all right, but before thcy had gone far Roberts noticed that his companion acted queerly. At l1arvey ho should have stopped for water, anu the fireman backed the train down to th< proper place, while the engineer acted in a dazed manner. Once again on1 th< road Botsworth began to travel faster and faster until the train 'yas runuing fifty miles an hour. Then Roberts real ized ,that Botsworth was deranged, amu just in time grasped the lever at Knox vyle and saved the train going througl an open switch. Faster flew the engine Botswort"h standing by with a vacan smile, and as they thundered througl Bacon the maniac gave a yell and starte< to spring from the cab windowv. T i watchful fireman caught him by the leg and while he balanced him on the wil dow ledge lie managed with his foot t stop the train. The conductor helped 1< get Botsworth back to the baggage car whmie he s- carefully guarded to 01 tumwa and there turned over to the an thorities. It is belioved to be paralysi of the brain that ails him. Slry Old I'eolple. Chri,tian Rechtold, 94 years of age, reside t of St. Louis, was a soldier in tl' Napoh.onic war. Mrs. Van i astrand, of Millstone, N J., has completed her 99th year. At he fete she was greeted b)y six of her owi chilren, eleven grandch hidren andi sev enteen great grandchildren. Abraham Souther, a colored man, o Old Fort, N. C., has in his pusession documents which show that he is 107 years old. lie chews and smokes and i a devoted Methodist. Capt. W. S. Reynolds, of Anderson ville, Anderson County, Tenn., is 9: years old. He is hale and hearty, andt i~ a hero of four wars-1812, the Creek, the Mexican and the late rebellion. Mr. Adolph Parent, a man of 9 years; who has been acting as bailiff at Pierre villet, Quebec, for tile last tifty years, has just left for the United States, witL: a view, he says, to perfect his knowledg< of the English language. Willie Blackwell is the olest man is Kansas. He resides at Great Bend, and thinks he was born in lFauquier County, Va., in 1785. He can chowi two oune< of tobacco per day, but abstains fronm lcohlolic drinks. Seventy-two years ago lRobert Tirrell, of 1thode Islanid, then a soldier in th< British army, dleserted and came to Ame rica. The old man, who is 93 years ol, has just received a pardon fromi th<t granddaughter of the king he deserted, and is going back to the old country tc die among his kinsfolk. Nancy Baker, of \Vestfield, N. J., is 98 years of age. She is a widow ant lives on a farm, which she sup)erinitends Recently she found that one of her hiret men had mowed a piece of ground verg pocorly. Taking a scythe herself, sin went over the work again, cutting tin grass close. She walks sevoral nules dlay, arnd (lees a great deal of work. WVhat a cen33t Cain and4 Onn,uao 1)4. It is almost impocssible to attach an, importance to one cent, b)ut at the sam'i timno it is a v'ery important coini at times says an exchange. It will take a circular to CJalifornlia anid it will make you miaddler thlau; hatter and a March hare comblined whet you go to pay your fare oni a hlorse-ca and find that you have but four cent and a ten-dollar bill. One cent is very small, but when iti added to the rate of initer(st you receiv on a stock, it possesses a sterni maiugni Ii cent grandleur that carries you away lk a strain of mus5ic. TIhie penniy, it seems, wns miade to I'l on church plates, and, although a miai may13 say it amounts to ntothinug, lhe wi] strike matches, lift imats and crawl a bou in the straw 01n a horse car to lindl th~ one1 lie dirops. It is so small a coinl tha11 you have to take gih y'our glove to taIk hold of it in your pocket, n e ti large, whien the baby swallows it, t h chances of the baby's living are sonie times not worth a cent. Although cone cenit is less thtan te1 cents, yet one0 cent is a great dleal largi than a dimle. Many a man has got thirsty all dlay with fonr11 cents ill hi poceket. For the want. of that one( eent the tour11 were as uiseless as thle elevet mlen onl 1 jury whlo are held out algainsi b)y onle. lxIs nP hlistressing, 11o ttly to lim pI i s au deliente matter to1 speak of, hut it h paurteud ntot only friends but lo4vers, la bureatI uth nd etrrhi are insepe~ rabile, I) Satge's ('attarrhi Itemedy cures the wvon caises as thuousands(1 canf testify. S'huo val!ey lutual Lifo Asociation, I of V'irginia, l)CgI Inie Septt.nber , 3d, 18i8. (irantee fund, invested in - bonds and mor gtgs (first lion on real e estate), t(IH,t)ti. '[The V;lley \lut iul Life Association of t, Virgiuia is t hu lirgest and the leading r Life A:,rocia(ion in the South. Over - one imilliu of dollars has bleca paid in cash to the families of decceased mom . lhe cheal)ness of its plan is demon r strattd by dit experience of those who 1 are !!:'ured. In illustration of this fact, t . we take Policy No. 3, held by Mr. W. P. I I 'ams, Cushier of the Augusta National 1 t Bank, Staunton, Va.,-P'ohcy issued 1 HSeptember 23, 1878,-$1,000_-con'. - quently it has shared every cost that has I cooie against the Company. Tho entire cost to ir. Taims ill eight years and t-ix ' Inoiths, Meiberohip Fee, Annuals, and MiNu t ality paylents, 111as Icen but $70..11, or an average annual cost of $8.28. At the date of this insurance Mr. Tams as 27 years of age. A pol ' y of oven amount and date in t one of tho most popular Old Line corn paies on the ordinary life plan, payable it at death only, would have cost limi El Sl92.75, or $21.50 per year--a saving ot a $122.31 in favor of the Valley Mutual. tI Theories are easily advanced and jeal- P ous rivals abound in them, but facts cali P not be refuted. ft 1'irst-class agent-1 can get liberal con- h tracts by applying to t1 LEE 1IAGOOD, c Manager So. Ca. Depart meat, ii Columbia. Ant Intcrtsting Cie. 3 A remarkable damage suit was filed in I in the clerk's ollice of the City Court to- P day, says the Atlanta Evening Journal of 2t;th. If the facts alleged in the dec- l laration arc established it will snow a novel plan by which a railroad under took to stave oil' a damage suit. D. I. 1 Lee, the pit itionel r, t ets forth that he Was employed by the iihclmond and t ILeaville HaIroad Company ini July, : 1 N I, i.' a llagnmn on a freight train, and 1 that li ie he WaS sitting ill the caboose, s I his p'ol r place, on a certain daiy of that I .11mott i, t i It ain ran otl the track at Lula t and tilt &a-t>ose was overturned. Leo.t watS I't; i n the shou'dtr, hip and 1 back i,t i- lft't arma was permanently t inliisabled. j is spino vu.; :tiso parma- t Inntly injlie. 1b' C'iSCniSin. lie alleges I that the authotities of the road agreed t that in Consideiation cf his injuries and - his agreeimicnt not to bring suit ttgainst > the road for imualgt :=, they would give > hin the lirmuitit position of condulcto'. ',' is 1o-Iuvon h1e t:ook as soon as he re - covered lro'm his injuries, and oecvtt I. - until the .hi day ei .' prl, 18i7, whwen y he wa; di-clhargel wit linut cause. i. claims that the road l'1-t him just lou i enough for the stauue of liimitations t:i apply in his ase a i lien turned himi olt'. Il asks $10, coo daniages. A WVomtan a, I. S. I1ini "&I i . i Mr. Jui,tice Miller, o! t he United States ~ -Supreme Court presided in the United u States Circuit 1)ourt at St. .lati.s on the I morning of the 2 ;th ul'ino. tIe an- - nounced tht a vacancy exist,ed in the ollice of the United States itutsiil in fit is tiistrict, occasi ti'd byv t' deathl (it Marsltl Conzin4, aid thatt the Coup trotllcr of the '.$reeaury h1adt dkemauItk the1 appointine.t of u! aiI :rsilti ad inlteiiu. .1tiSti('e \l tl-r said lie lt I dtter'!i,iaed to , appoint as .1arsaLtl ad iiteriui h'lieo -b(e \. (oi ziis, t he daughti of t he ueeasti i tl Marshal. 'Tie st it ute rttiired tlit site (, shoild give )i m11 the sun of ..!I,(I;t, ii and take the oath of otlice l otie the cl 'l:rlk of the Court. lHe did nit , berve - Mliss Couzins in Court, and would .say that as soon as shte could furnishl lh'e bond shle couldl qualify and at oncee enter uplonl the duties9 of the oI)iee. Th'ie an nlliceenet ap)peared to silrlrise sevra attorneys, who wereonot prejtimred to hearli theo applointmnllt of a womanii, b uit it sho(ulhd be0 remnembered that Miss Couzsint hias for a long time directed the exeuti e' all'airs of thle oflice, anid she possess' A lie frienidshipj 11( and I ilhcce of men in j the htighest auth Iority at Washington, C 1'tstatl C Iiinges. 'Thie new postal regulations recently p)repalred at the Pohst Otlice I )epartmeint s went it' t'elt on Septemuber 15, and *N thit postmaii'steris halve beten iadvised bty the TI P.ost (Ollice I )epartunit that inl aceo.- 'T ai*ee wiithi the ruling of the alssistanht ai' \ packehages of fourth-class matter (such ii samp)les andl tackages of mierchandliw - must not cointin htereafter aniy writing2 or printing on the face or surface excet the name arnd a<hlr'tss of 1the sender, lilt " ceded by the word '"fitom,'' and theno iui her and name of tho articles encelosein. )thierwise tile eiitir packietage will lie subt jeeited to polstaIge at litter rates'. II tie toftore t he rlin ig of thlit dept; meni't hits beenl to Itec elYeet that any prinzted maut teir not haini' ug the chara i;ctier oif persomnal cor'respondlteneo inighut b)0 aitached to y' . such nlatter. A c>iuiitry negro nteredl. t onei of tii. (d1y goodas storts tf Ametrieus, (ta., a few . days ago toili ipurchse ai trunk~, antd afts conl:,lierablle par'ltying wit lit lie salesmni a s lto thit prliea iO, finally shoiuldcre i (tne( andi ltt, painJg S I. >( thetrefor. I a about ani hiour lie return'ied with t.h; for liis mioey.' Thle truik was tilled to the top)\ with Mlacnaw strlaw haits t.hat t hadt bhe ;ii kP5d iin it for thle winiter. '[le -cont'ul:. of the trunk were wort b between $75 antd 81001. - Pl.'T.IBarinu rectl ty said thait bl - suiccesi was largely thmo to hiis textensin v adve'rt isinitg. Thereit are'i other well kniow a prominently telt tivt thait the fact is in suiccessful advert ier'. As, for exampp, liob rt hna r o te I:edlgr; I1 I otht e's more to' less inottd for thetii gre; I shirewitess iindt business alititudie. tress wihio.foundi a suit of 0eni's c'lot lii tunder the skirts of ai womian sle 'un :ear'cintg ini New Yo~(rk recet Iy, wii more than moatched't by thait of ani hispe .tress in Waishtingtoni 'I'enl itory a fewa dai t iago, whoit fouind that til'hely udhe w seareiii wvas a man11 in te.tiae att.. Ie lEaw the Wame No.e and Distingui.hed Man. nerw of the Noble Wllian-.Tho Posible Ect" of a Combne Between Hopkln. and the Fair Clatnant. 'rhe two recent stories told by the Star In egard to alleged descendants of British roy 1ty has created a good de il of talk among Tictoria's subjects who are residents of Now Tork. One of these aspirants elafins to have roof to upset the succession to the Crown, ad the other to have so clear a title to tho >ossession of the property of his ancestors, ow held In this country, as to make a con ast for its holding worse than useless. Eng shnen profess to look at the subject as a roject started in the way of speculation, ut do not deny that there may be some >iunlation for the subject niatter, as the ciuliar habits of the Georges and their de eiilants and well known facts of un ritten history. The picture of the face of Caroline Louise clit, published in the ,Star of yesterday, nil who has long concealed her identi y 'hile resident here, has but to be looked at nllolient to con Vince rellect.ing people that ,c ruling sovereign of England may pos bly be her mother. 11cr statement is so straightforward tnit, i spite of all the obstacles likely to be trown in the way of proving Its truth and ithenticity, shaking, as it does, the foun ittions of the throne of one of the most owerfil empires in the universe, rany r'opie stadll ready to take up the cudgels nt \hiss Kent. These people are not only iinical to the present occupant of the irone, but are bitterly opposed to the suc ssion. If her claims are established they ill not he allowed to be ignored. To a *Sar reporter the British Conul encral said yesterday that lie had not as et had an opportunity to read the Star's rlte, as he hod only lately returned frsm urople; but hadl it preserved for last night's erusal. Until lie had looked over it he ould not express as opinion as to any. ing stated therein. ''he ltar's own particular claimant, 'larcnce George IIopkins, is no less enti ed to consideration from the fact of his lose resemblance to the same family, but icre is a much more striking resemblanec >William, his allegeI muternal grand ither, than to any other of the faintly. Ic has the same nose, the identical un tudlied care about his dress, but the same >ok of intelligence of the high patrician rdcr shows in every line of his face. Ills ye has the glance of one born to command, ud nialthough lie inay have used it for the ominon every-day purpose of selecting vpe from the case for bread winning only, is fire is undimmed, showing that force of ircumstances has not for a moment uenched the ambition of his lifo-thie re overy of his inheritance, with all its right til powers, and the possession of the 'ast mins now illegally withheld from him. Mr. Clarence George Hopkins, whose laiins the Nta, has already set forth, is no .."..4 ~ . 1.. .. ... ih (igrnlii,, I olilse ient, andl will undoubtedly do so, as by 'lining their iniut ual interests they may iake a colbinatioln too strong to be re 1:ted. At. any ite it is \Ir. Ilopkins' tirm el trnoat ioni to iniake sonic arrangement Viti ('iroline Louise Kent by which their uutu:il chims cnn lie prosecuted together, ustead of naling it a double issue from wo pI)ints of (eparture. Its outcome no ne can foresee, bl t until its diecision it iust Create no small uneasiness aniong collie high in au thority in Merrie England. -1w York Star, Sept. . noun( o npita nal uineSti early 'Tirice as Lerge iu in 1 tgW6. i.s1;rIt.olt:, 3m., Sept. 2t).--lhe Manu 'rri/ R'eCord Pinlblishes today a revieW the intlustrial growth of the South iing the nite nunths of 1s87. A cinn ri5on of the new ind1ust ries for llic first ne Ilonths of 88( tlt 188(, which in udes a wide diversity ot new enterprises, I ws aln inicrease ini ildustrial aind maim rt urin ei st ablishmnentsN from 1,175h in fi to 2,51)1 in 1887. Th'le amount of caplital and1( capital stock presented by the list, ot niew etnterprises, eo tnhement of olil pinits atnd rebuild So h irst nite mtonthIs (if 1887, as >mparied wvithi tihe coirreslponditng time in Mst, is as follows: States. 1887. 188t. la hat. . ... .,j;W, l07,Ot() g,055 ,it) rlaini-ts.. .....23.1.1,uhto 11,830,100) elori. .. . ...... 2:,i;fs,o0t 2,0.35,000 etn tcky........;; ,23'2,l 00 30,8123, tit ri-hll(. .. .. ...2,i:.i,000 1;, 153,000 ississilipi . . . 3, 2523, I00lt i1,000 mih Carounliini. 2,51.i,00 -;li',t0j (rnnetssee.... .. ..32,00,000( 7,0.10,000) 'xias.... .. .. ..1..1 ,.'508,000 '1, I ;1;1.0100 iTest. Virgiinia. . 0,216,000 5>,.;I,s8) T'1 i ... . ..$ $12,.15,1 0t00 $83,:;4.1,2t00 in stitoming~ up thei indust51rial develop1 li-lit of the $oiith in1ce 1879 80, the Recu d show, lin it I .'>,00 inilis oif ralilrolui lve beenl built, ( ost In, tiigetheri with im-i rovelinents ti iild roads,1 oiver $000J,000t,00t0-( Ie aississedu vialiue ofil propety lois incrase<i liwardus ofi $1,000,t0) and1 sttic 1s,', the tialit irduct s bing over $;00,0100,00t0l a ear. t'*tere's "t'tenunni S 'u rgiutive l'ellet.," PoN sitiv ely P olotir; Pr'ovo ke IPrais; 'love P'riiiliss;I 'ecil larly- I ruompj t - Per 'roit:io tPrehlingsitpeswi'an Pirruistuls Sew Yoirk lin the steaintsip La (bisconge iii<blry wais a llostont idressanker- naiedci Si.-s 31. K cinnedy. Whe her b-aggage Ituol tilissly thtriw it onth l,tloior. Then-l sIhe ,ikl iked~ upa bo hthautiuu him enli ieri ch i- dress l f :o dittt i li o aii nium, 'h ly iroted tol tiit inlhis trn,wiihs :ii hen pssIec., Th mve viwaeii seen b weialiustm oll,,~Viicesi, hut sied iithe bx ndi i arre t thim tomn o l mian.i Thei a lon s lined ftor. aitnelul huti pilre atomali fuit Slill Kene :ul hies, iks etr.,t thge auh f It.ievy