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. t 4. "I 4t. " r~ ''.T - - -" ---* VOL. XVI. "kENS S. C., TURIt1SDAY, JANUARY 27 1887- NO *~ lVI1AT TIlE l)EI'ARTMI:N' O1 A.IlI CUI:1'UI E 1) OING. An InterlIew wit". Coimii 41oner Itte(r What lie $ays About. tiu Itueent Attac"ks Upon I it Departmenut. (From the News and Counrit r.) COLUMIuA, January 18.- -Colonel A. P. Butler has been the commissioner of agriculturo of Soutlt Carolina ever since his department began its work, seven ycais ago. He is thoroughly devoted to it and, of course, knows all its details and shares all its aspirations. in vi('W of the confusion which exists in the pub lie mind as to the duties, acts and Ic sources of the department, nat the criticisms which have been na:de upon its management, the News and Courier Bureau ltis secured an intcrview with - ~ Commissioner Butler, enabling him to summarize the situation from his stand point. The fever of the 'Tillnan move mont" has abated, and the )colole of the Stato should be al)le to consider calmly and justly the valuable work of the de partment, and give it the credit to which it is entitled. Nearly a year will elapse lforo the Legislature can meet again, and in the meantime thoro is plenty of time for discussion and Ito excuso for ''snap judgments" on any dopartment of the btato Government. To the question, ''How hms the 1)e partment of Agriculture been afl'ected by the attacks upon it.?" Colonel Butler re plied: ''In my opinion the departuent is titrongor to-day than at any time since its establishment in 1879. it was evident to the board and myself sonic time be * fore the first articles agairst the depart ment appeared in the newspaper-s that its work was not fully understoe(l by the peol)le, but we weC at a loss to know what more than had bect done could be done properly to show the important duties of the department and how they had been discharged. We hal submitted annual reports of our work to tho..legis lature at every session, and published monthly reports during the ycar, besides colduicting anl extensive correspondence; but we realized that something more was necessary to enlist the enthusiastic sup port of all the farmers in the work. Well, while wo were considering the matter an article appeared which bitter ly assaile( the manageuemnt of Ihe de partment, and in such a manr tit it at once rttracted the attentin of our people and turned(l their eyes upon u. You viill see that this was exactly what WO wanted. It was the opportanity that we desired, and you will remember that - I handed you a reply to the criticism within four hours after the News atd Courier containing the criticism rcached Columbia. Your readers are famniliatr with the controversy that full wed. On my part I can say that it was conducted without the least lersonal hitterness, because in the first plce it was exactly what I wiated, and, in the s('e'od lace, I I felt that the result would be a viudica lion of the departnent ant make it stronger with the people, us i,. has done." "Why do you think that this has been the result?" ''Well, you' will remieniber that the lirst criticism appeared during the ses" cion in November anld )cc.on 'Im, 18-, and while the controversy was at its height and bitterness the menbos of the board were unanimously re-elected and I was re-elected commissiouer. The con troversy, therefore, did not lessen the confidence of the Legislature in the management ofi thle d'portmen t. At thte same sesson thei econonnie caucus, as it was called, app)lointedl at comnt. itt'e to in. vestigatte the dep art,ment. Thlaeummtit ice aatbnitted ta report wvhich comiletely reofuted all the charges of extrsvagance-, mismanagement, c, that. had hbeen made. Tihe fighbt was contiimied alonig in the spring, and amnong other char-ge mtado was that in regard to the iuaugur-a tion and conduct ot the phosphate titiga tion. The Farmers' Convent iont met and appointed a committee to investigate the matter, and the result was a thorough -vindication of the department by this body of fartmrs. Somte people, how ever, were not satisfied, land t hey cont linuedl the agitation, greatly to thle bieno * it of the departmenit. Thie mi re theiy said, the moir, the peoplIe bleeame mnter es-ted in thy workh, andt( as they bhecame fatmiliar- with it, the more antxuiou they wer-e that it shltd Le sustaine d, Yo'n 3vill rememb er ailso imt v-.he-n thte agita tin began int IN , a Sen.. ir itioduecd a bill to abolish the dep-art mt. ]iefori the sessjioni was over the b ill wa illehd on thte motionl of the heminttor who itto duc'ed it, tand lhe has recenty de clared in the public prits tluat lie wunld strentu diepartmnut. 'fltore is inow, w iar as 1 4 am awar-e, no mtan itn the 'faue who would ttdvocte thte abiiibtioni of the thi patintltt. 'Thie pulice are atini hat with the eiforts matde at theii re-cnt sessionI ti reorgatnizAe the depiartmetl andthet :ai! ure of the lill. .1 umay be mitake ast *the cause, butt I hhink its hailtum w. u tot the fact timut the heinat e was .at it i with the muanagemeint of the tdelnna owt pnd believed that Ithe pawSi)ge (of the hi! would be0 conlsideredl an emb>risimt,it if the charges of inelliciency thait had beenI made against th ptjresenit btoard anmd refused to pass5 it." "'Howy do you Oxptlain the la rgo' vo that this b ill received in the Hosei '' "'Easily enough. WVith a fea e\ ceptionis, till of the old miembera of I wi House who hiad been returniied were i haw 'oe. 'lhoy naturally objeted to leI Jhg the fight aguaint the bil and none itf the new muembIers amutong/ the farmn: weiro fainiliar- witht one worki, muid o course, ~ou l tiot explahit it. 1o t ie reasotn no objections werte made to thei measuroii in tih i i tio n lhe b ill wvent through, I might say', by detautl" 'Io there any recal ,ob jelt ion to in preasimg the nicimbershtip of the, hoard of agriculture?' ''Under ordinar-y circmtstanlese j would sa,y tat there was no(t, butt I cont fe-ss thait thtere aippearrs to bte ver' e little to be gained by the changetf. It' migut uraothe populan-t.y of thto depart mont, andi that is, of courIse, desiraleh' but as to real work I ami unabille to see .why five man, with the interests otf the State at heart, could not manag this 'department just as well as tent, Ho~ ever, this is a matter for the Legislature to consider, and I do not care to say anything that would appear to bo said for the purposo of iniluoncing the mom bers of that body." "hi soe sections the Legislaturo has beon criticised for not having 'turned this department over to the farmers.' What have you to say about that?" "Unless I am very much mistaken it is now managed by the farmers. Gov ernor Richardson, Colonel Duncan and Colonel Li)sconb have been farmers all theit lives, I believe. Chancellor John sont is (one of the most extensive and ste cessful farmers in the rich Pee Dee sec tion of the State, although he is also an able lawyer, and Mr. Perry is a mer cent, btt I think is also a large land owner. So that you see the farmers are ii ia large Imattjority on the boa' d. I am the executive ofiicer of the department., though not a member of the board, and farming is the only occupation I have over followed. Taken altogethter, then, the department is pretty well under the control of farmers. '.htere is another matter that should not be overloolked in this connection. Colonel Duncan repre sents the State Agricultural Society and Colonel Lipscomb the State (range the t*wo largest agricultural organizations in the State-and if the farmers are not satisfied with their management at any time they can easily remove them from the board." "What is the preit condition of the dcnart ment?" "I think it is one of the best equipped departments in the United States, and capable of doing a great work for our )eo)le. Our fertilizer inspectors will start out in a few days to collect samples of all the fertilizers off'erec for sale in the State, and the laboratory will soon be in full blast turning out the analyses. ''he laboratory is under the charge of a thoroughly competent chemist, and Ie is prepared to do the oflicial work of the departmtenit, and to make analyses of fertilizers, minerals, ores, marls, waters, &c., for our people, free of charge. We have invited the farmers to send us sam ples of the fertilizers they buy, and we will be glad to have every farmer in the State rememler that we want the invita tion accepted. ")r. H. W. Ravenel, the botanist of the department, is one of the most cmi tent scientists in the South. lie will make his department of great benefit to the farmers during the year. "Dr. lienjamin M mlnues, Jr., the t"termiiary surgeyn of the department, is loing a great deal of good by the exami nation of diseased stock in various parts :f the State, and prescribing remedies for the prevention and abatement of isetases among stock. The increased interest in stock raising and the large imount invested in blooded stock in South Carolina make it of the highest importan(e that every precaution should be taken against the spread of contagi ous diseases, and Dr. Melnncs will use every el'ort to the accomplishment of this end. "Mir. (iraltam, Who has been detailed by the United States signal service to org;aize and take charge of the State wieather serv,ice, under the department, lets entered upon his work with enthusi tinsi, antd, as you have already published, bIs established about forty stations that CoW receive the daily weather indica tions, and in a short while he will have tatiois of ob>servation at every county eiat iii Sou1tlh ('arolitas. It is Hot Ieces ;arv for me to speok of the umny ad nattages which the weather service will :;ive to all classes of our pe'pie. Its beneiits are recognir.ed and appreciated mverywiere. ''Mr. E. L. Rcehe, the special assist imt, continues in charge of the phosphate .lepartmeit, and the splendid services ho Ias already rendered the State in getting ieiuiate returns of rock mined anmd so uring pirompit p)aymuent of royalty duel hle Slate is ample guarantee that this 00p ortanut inte re,t will not lie niegeted. "We are n~ow making arrangements to iinlarge thle monthlly report, and during Lte year it wvill contain, besides the usual! matter relating to the work of the de Ipartiment, regular contrib'utions from he chemist, thle b otaniist, the veterina rian, the signal service observer, statisti cal statemeints and other matters of in terest to the farmers. We are dlaily (is tributinig hand-books and other pulica Lions to tall p)arts of the ctount"y and thng everything that wie thtiak wvill bet ter advertise omil resources ahn ativant liges. We now have on Jilet in the otlico eighty-six apphlicaitionis for carp, and it will retquire 1,700 fish to supp)lly the ap p hieants. 'lThese will be ft unish ed from our1 poinls if the umaber thiere is sllicientl, and if not we wvili l otaini them froma the G ovenment p)onds att Wash mtgtont. 'The department will make an e'xhiibit rit the G range encampiment at Spartan burg next summer, and1( in every way possible encou rage the formn:tfin of lagriculturat clubs andl organizattions. As soon as practicale after the time pre eribed by law i hits expired the board will estabilishi the two expermental sta lions pirovidled for by the Legislat,ure, md we expect to have them in active ea ont as far as piossiblo (Ihiring the lli: y.n-, midler the charge oif aL compe tttt mrec& (toi anid emloyees. The boiard ull iso ftualiy earry otitt the pro v isionls oft lthe h>w ini regaird to the collec o'al e collegt , so ias to be prep ared to aboui t th repornt regardin'g thtem att the n*t wt.sioni of thet I regisliiet. (lur diis i to mnake the depiartment of the greatest tenefit to the farmers, and we are tndeaivorting to keelp tbem itformed andui iteted t in its work, ini order to securie t hir coniliail co-(operation." ~ i triblei Trnge.si i da 1 t i I ani who iv t i t hil neIihbo, un wa b r io II tiFio lt k i II ma *it bu i Ihe C aiv . iT he wa homi fro churebi an hIaniito is hits li ding1 vI itii withttig ithe n'uut of death I. IThereI hats bima tltne -ilt-lie ftu htl et ween the parie s, bui tt invai nit:'r thoughlt that iL, woulhi:ielhmote lt such a bttlooy an ner. As thie partijes belong ut to~ iii old Ittnily, we forbear to matke eonm Iment, letaving that, to t ho proper ath ori tiles. At last accoutilL, the muirdlerer b;itil not, been caught. -?ihArrma Iuu epr. PlOs Tin C It1I()for'1;he\(i. (:i u.l '1itt t (nutn Img Io, Ii Monti,ih. ( ron th outU 1I r't Cultivator.) It ia. well known to the Cultivato: readers that the farmers howl and coin plain of cotton being only worth fron Sevenl and a half to eight. and seven eighth cents; they consider tlemselve+ broke and ruined at those prices, wher it is a blessing to them and to the coun try tlt it is no higher )riecd. Fifty <d(1( years gives onu some experienct abeat farming and the vicissitudes that attend it. In my long experienceJ never saw the time whuen cotton solt higher for a seriks of years, but it ended badly for the faruers, as it encouraged them to increase the area of cotton pilanting and curtail tle rea of theil provision Crops and lead them intc speCllations and all malier of extrava ganees and waste, and when over-pro. duction glutted the market anld cotton fell in price, it found the farmers in debt, which hiad to be paid Iby low-priced cotton.: On the contrary, when cotto sold low for a series of years, the farm els regulatetd their afhtiri to suit circun stances; it foted them to become mor self-sustaining, hence they increatsec their provision Crops, lived inure at home, raised their own meat and breaal, kept out of speculations, economlizel in every department, heneo thy Naved more money at low-priced Cot ton tian they did with higl-pricel cotton. I hlavr always noticed tlhat debts and aceounts were more promptly paid with low priced cotton-wlhy? because when cot ton was high, speculation an I ext rava gance increased their indebtedness, arld when low-priced were economical atnd saving, and every dollar they got they applied to their (ehts. This may seeni a strange theory, that low-priced cotton benefits the farmers moro than high priced cotton, but experience has eltown it to be the case, and the reasons are ap parent; when speculation sets in value bcmes fictitious, and inflation goes on until the bnbble explodes and reaction throws all in chaos and dismay amd a panic is the result, which brings abo ut general loss and ruini, aid ritlt5s basetd on such fictitious and fraudulent values melt into poverty. Let us go back Ii fty years, when everything was much dearer than it is now-''coflee 2; pounds to the dollar, sugar live and six pounds to the dollar, iron ten cents a pound, axes two dollars and a half each, four-quarter sheeting thirty-seven and a half cents, tnd calicoes, American, thirty seven and u half cents, English lifty cents per yard, and cotton elling at eight and ten cents. (oing back only to 1t7i oar factories sold plaids at ' nineteen (ents Ipter yard. Last year, .1-', they sold the ssme pl;ti for six and one-fourth enaits, and the present boom, six and three- I,lurt i sunts,'' and with cotton at present prices the advantages are all in favor of the tonsumers. But let the price of cotton advance to twelve antd fifteen cents, everything else would run up higher it price to the proportion to the price of cotton, and provision Crops curtailed in planting and cotton plant ing increased at thu expectation of fifteen cents a pound, would place the farmers in a worse condition than they are to-day. Low values are in favor of the farmers, provided they farmed as they should, by raising their own foo 1 supplies in ibundanci for man and beast, and cot ton at six cents would pay thm1 well. Our whole systeni of farming is wrong, hence there is such tdepressit1n and hia rd tines with the farmers, and the error is in planting two much cotton and two Little provisions with most of the farmers to-day; their cotton crops are merely cx 3banged for their food supplies, and nit :cr such a systel where can any profit some in for the farmer? Why none, for ll he makes is consumed in priovisn>us~ to supphort life; all made above farm 2onsainpionu should lhe a clear profit, adu if wve farnied in that way, the low price of cotton would not affet us, and Lf high-priced, thme greater thle profits, keep an eye to your cribs anid barims and smioke-hiouses, tha t they are tilled fronm your own fields; also keep aii eye to your little truck patches, and to your gartden and pou)hlt ry hious', and also to your dairy), anid when that is doni i', you will never hear of huardl tim.e'i on farin thus maneged; thge hard tinmes and ginl liouseu go tog-'ther; all cotton and no buread and meat is the trouble; clothingi1 of' all kinds is cheap, but when voni strike the grocers and provision deal'ers, there the ruinous expens as come in which make farming unphrtfitabile. Cave Spring, ( hm~ I)otor, aind fi.awy~rrs iscuss thel Alits of Theli Society of Medical Jturisprutdenie and State Medicine hold its mtonlill mieetinig last week, withl Amion (I. Ilu 11 as prtesid ing oficer. Thecre was an ani mated dtiscussioni on ft questtion, "'Ilow Shall the Deanthi Penialty bem imflicted ? Thme presiding oflicer said that lie was inot so1 imuch oppo)tsed to thle priesent sys tem of caplital puniishigenmt ais he wasti allowinmg repre'centa tives ofi tIe press to be priesent and publish ft' details tof the execultionIs ini thme cohuiiiis of the daily pres~s. IHe wvas fol lowid b y lI. Drill, who -rad a rteply to thei moiuniitle api .. pointed by the I er;5iiitr to mipor't upolm comnsidered hainginig thle most 1harharous and inhuuian method of puitmihmnt niow, ini existencme. Thle guilIlotinie, lie thought, the best instrmuu ient ftr in it. ing the death pen'ialiy . II ,(1) pinin 1wias conco rre,l 'n by I) ,. Qu iminby antd J. C. licters, who were bolth opposed to hung Thei other sidIe of thle queistionc was then disenissetd by .I .11. lBenn and W Ii. Russe.5lh, repr'ese'nt ina-i* thi' ' gadlipro fessionii. atiuI i". \\ ods, form'uuely ai sur.. heo fit army, rtepresetinimg t h iiedical profe'tt.ion. Tlhmey believed flout whitni a perison deliberi ately takes th liet oif anoitther nto fomn of punmishmnent. i t,, severe, andti. 1!mt thet presen't 5sItlom ;h:.uld n.ot be changetd. TIhe piroceetdings were closedl by D1 r. P eters suggesting~ that flie opnuaon of each nmoeru ' of t he society be obitainied and stnt to the Leg. silturnc. This wams favoriably conusidered, 'I hey have a tohoggani slide at his iiunk, IDakoe ta, where it is said thme stuel sIhu mi tohognansit acture i a veltocity o ftre tailes a muiniite. But they are uised to blizzar Is tont that way andi( can stai'' man who ato thirty-six lllds inl ont day, and then didn't get all he wanted They have a way of pounding up a re< berry and niixing it with butter, whiel gives it a beautiful pink tint and hin proves the flavor. 'T'heir drink is ti Russian Vodka, almost pure alcohol and they will trade their shirts for it '1'ho liquor is scarco and expenitsve, s< they are necessarily a tinperate people. ''how do the political exiles live, an< how many arc in the country?" "' great many-several int every set tlement. When an exile is selt into th< country the (ioverntur detertinies wher< he shall reside, atnd retuires him to rc por't his Whereabouts at fr('tnucnt intter vals. They live as the nativt's do, re ceive so much a year froin the govern. intent for their stpport, and work at their trades if they have them, nid( it they haven't get such jobs as they ciii. In other provinces the exiles work in the mines. At Veroyuansk I saw an exile, who had been a lawyer and judge in Bussia, doitg carpenter work, and all the tool he hund was an ax. I took up soi)e presents for several exiles, wlo had been of service to the Jeannette party, but had to ohtai't the permission of the (hovernor before I coul deliver theii. in every settlelnint aro local oflicials, who luok after these unfortu nate pe(ople." "llow cait a nan entllure the intentse cold1 when the wind blows?'' ''it is, of coutrse, necessatry to keep the body protected and as uclt of the face as possible wit hi furs, and even tlen it is common to freeze the extrenities; but if a man knows how to take care of himself he will not. sutler. \ly face and hands wero froze i a number of timies. i.f I had gone to the Iiro to warm the skin would have cracked opent and given mle mucth trouble; but by rubbiug the frozen place with show, and get ing it thawed out. by friction :nd gradual heat, 1 never had any troul le." A:OUT it\T'-:NTs. Ilowt 11te 01lt"t I4 11un:tt tti itmltl\vhn cet Int',tentiton ('rmt,, (Ftrim the \'w '",l Y. .'u r ,) In the matter of ingeinuity the \ieri can peop)le lead the world. il)ort+ appli cationis for patents are received 1iid niore pattents grantetd at the I'atent Otliee in this city than in any otlier two Coinit ries of E1urope. (lreat Ihitain co'tc.s next on the list, France third and (iermant ty fourth, it was not. until i:i; that the Patent Office was olgan izedt as a s' prtt e 1bu1reau with a cOinnisiunsitnrtit al suit tl' assistants for the 1>rope1Or dii s-: r t I its dutieS. .It is rat.her a sin!;tbu-n f.ttt tiu1t during that year only t ne pitcinatittn for a patent was tiled. 'lh it'nt y:ar the ntt)nbler increased to hh:. 't'he in crease has steadily grown until int l ; 21,7tW7 aplicationlswer' tiled. The n ht tle nuniber of patents granted since I:s; is in round tumbers, :ii.,OUl). 'The 11)1)1 i cationls for patents are rtgardt'td as a good index of the general btusinttess p,ros perity of the country. W1hen Ii niles are dull inventors realize tIhat capital is sitw to risk the success of their oxperinenlts. On the othier hand when iaoney is pl(,nt.i ful it is a poor ilventor who eiiot, tind sonic one who is tw ilIing, at letast, to It;ty the lt'gal expelnSt n htce(siry to the takhing out of his path'nt. It ma,y bn said, en passant, if this theory of tit pltent oilee i)Iliiats hhtis g o)od, it t the country wan ne(ve'r int a ntor": prto5 perous condihtion, littmu'h .os the n11nt 1her of applicatis for [sI; eX'ceeded 1by several thouaut those of ituy recediug year. More patents hnive been1 gatdte.d to the citizens of New 1 ork thant to thost 41f any other State. i is is owing pi rab'Ily to her larger opulation. Ipo tis hypothesis PtennsylIvanxia tatkes thle see cnd lac2, anud accoxrdinig to thle l.amie r'easonixxg 11lliis- or ( io shioubl tconwlt nxext, but tIhe truth ix that Maliss'hnistt fr'om whicjh it prioceteds. For iX.uunph'-e apl))icatttions shoin t rIhe iinv :Ato be 13y co)ine frit New Yoik, \la:Iis. etiiist or Conneitet,ieut. hnprovltt\enni nt. ill cot - almost entiirely of' Souxthxern invetmis. Thie development of inxvtitve geiuis inl the South hum been~ imarkale duiring the past dear,tie. ThIxis is t spect'iall IIvs in. ( etorgia aiiil Ttxaxs, thle two ilot e protgr'essive States <nixt hI of ason ;uinl I )ixon's line. Thie aupplimionis froml thlie Souith, as5 reenitly ats I i1, wer'' t'A~ incrxeaist ];nce ii h au. hl,. rlit iv as great as tindi t i he N'rthlrn ;-tatvs. K'entuxcky, wras ftounad de.i ini a fitlhl ini lt~iowan (counlty \',tdnesday.' IIt 11 i Ia te kept lil ia conitimiid warfarie with lw headtt for. thit hitst twe yearx l'ilit irouble jloyd Tl va 'irI iiiixi,lheait ('r ls. .irinli was takeni to \\'inte. lit -1 kein i g. .\ few wieelo ha w, mii .ler ;a iAti5edt oridter purporhit inI to it Iw tini wals inried oveir tto thenm. On hile 'way back( to Moriehitad the tr'aii nu.s wilth h'.leu. 'T'alituarin was irr'ted, het ho oriii, cotnhl hot hit litenedi In hb' l ils stiartd tihle Tltlivar- \hiart i ar, and ihae conltie lever tu n . .\t lii t men havei obeenlii Soth fttnin eai bhe Jinl eiths cont. Tes 'I'it i&'lpI hvave ttuetof )mpes aou idjrohit tor aidII1 il.I iilTe; 1overnor tlt. I\jut o;:hun,It thae bathite ptei vire twistoe pi'ux.. the trouek. 'lHele was kilediallsnm, tilt he be ed buzarctd fxthant asi bllen s ho nr lt tope other a yJ b.orrigto rt'>. : of-- sot 'i i. :1&N PJ{O(,nESS. I 'ewis S. Jones cortntplates starting Ihan works at Wheeling, Vest Virginia. -lwre is talk of a wire factory being starte I at Chattanooga, Tenun. It is stated that a smoking tobacco 1 factory will be started at Chase City, \ irginia. A comtpany is being formed at Calera, A htbai, it is said, to manufacture woodenware. .. A stove foundry is reported to b built at. I )eat ur. Alabama, soon. At ('ullte)r, Va., a carriage factory is to b1e erected. u A rich gold mine has been discovered t near the Neuces Canyon, Uvalde county, u 'exas. tI A St. T4louis firn aro making arrange- nt ]itrIs for a pipe foundry at Clattnoo- C gi, .1enn. c A canning factory is about to be estab lishted at Ainite, La. A wagon factory is being erected at 1Inleltnld, Fla., by J. 1). Crui. A stock conupany will soon be organ ized at .Jacksonyilli', Fla., to manufac tire nins, s N,ar ('alera, .Ala., slate lis been dis- u C) Ivered aId will 5)11 ie tevelopet'd. a: A stoek t'ul,I)any is to ho organized at ti Iirluinprlun, Ala., to start a tannery, r At Eurtku Sp oings, Ark., a zine mine has bteen develapel d. m A saw anti plalting mill, also a box nl factory, ltuiv been erected at Van 13uren, ti Arkansas. Neg otiati,M; are about being entered of into for erecting water works at Pine 01 'Itt(, Ark. si It is proltltltle that a stock company will Ib'e or nized at. Boanooke, V., soon ( to t'st luislh a Itac steel plant. I' 1h 1hI')1ao lIiek Coan)V, capi :l at, 41 2t),0I), has been ortgaitized at. ul lennbu,Ala. th, ''h Iaiu;y ('av' ani li Itel Company, Wi I 1ray, \ 1:.. cotntemplatltlutU spending about :-> ,I00 m enlaring their hotel. A . 100 ),0 sto'k coin l)auy is being el olr;uaied at luirminghuam, Ala., to estab- v lish a large carriage and wagon factory. a Ti cI iloxi Artesiau lee Manufacturing 1 ('u111i1puy, capital stock $l,Ot)0, hasl 1-in (rgulliztd at. iloxi, iViss. T1.he A1lbarnat larb lts Conlpany, cap)i- ei tal t e k 1U),000, l,s beet organized o at L'boen'e, Ala., with W. J. Kereachan px att p r(':ai n't- th, A' lnts,t stouk l; (trtlany has bee"n f or :uti d Iat Shelly ill', 'i' m nu., to iilu- of trove Luttl at St. Atlrew's I ay, Fla. si A t'omplany iItbeint formedt att Fort. \\ 5rth, T.lex:a, to nt:lta(utufn t' irout and w<V e r1 lidges, wit I r100,UU(I etapital ti Thre is ioson to be 'structetl in the soft tal regions of souttlhwesternt 'Vir- '1 :iilL n11 JSw Coke oyven1S and new j 'urnacrs are to bet built. 1 A t . ilot l'int, Texas, a stock coi- 1 Iany Is Iaout to Ii formed to erect a se'enty-fiv 1ba,trrl roller lour iil1. . SAt (i;iinviIIt', 1'1a., a site for a furni- t tort :tu,! wI,ttn fttt'.try has been pur- E: I hatsed anl bu11 lillits ari t14n to be p 1 -11 1t ti t.'o 1:rg. ma11lf airy of ye llowv t( I ne i1r1111 i:; in liucolt, liss., and ct the huttbetr but:ine's:; in that locality is 4)11 tlt Itl ,i Last luuutht thoeie were .),(?,( 000 feet 4,1 III n ' l imbr shpped from .Jacksonville t F'loritla. alore than half of it went c al road1. is 'Ii. foundtry it Cltltra, Ala., is sup- Ic plying te easitn'g tr the alol char- tr coal11 phnitl bIn1g 1 ereted at D)ecatulr, Aiit 41a41 4)en,4 Ah, .1411. t'lokpr-o '4rec t a nt:)Cry' 1for the inanuii- n<i ha 41'are o('ctton1 ro:pe and4 wo'olen~ yarnl. ~In 144 >nf4ited.4 with aI 11apIitall l,lock tof n .4apital stoe to 1t1 he amount tof -10t. 44,)has been4 luiibed1' 444 [to estalbishI an axe :u14.u1 hd> 14lp;uIy3 atI Iini in)!gluIn, f2 "' 1I .ytoEnal Comp ( anIy of irmti- ii ind1un aa l a., has1 dlec.h1tredi dividi nds1 of 11 (r(cnt. of its capital daring D)e- an 4')ini14'l ial It 18'! tI- nt. duingiie 1880, iii n ole m! i in NI'w ()r -n ,l1. u lr l >. him 4414 iniy don abr'44'1 ini)( , dti " 4 1"414, n.has b4e4n for1'1edl by a a 414 i1 r o' ienJ4itali't 1'f Newl (Ornleans, 1 a441 414 .41pitalg ,I), to 'e tab(lie shtr a wtdl be h>It))d in he 111 arishj1 (of St. to \ 44i1i'd,4 Alaii., 1i( et,4lipalli' was1 y') un14 4rp4414n'Ited, adai a4 caitl411 stock2 of tr< 1n41 itc. Wor are son to441 beI built w<' ''11)44 m' \onw Orlehans, wlithl C '4' by ! 4,as compan t estab4i1h t 4 Il" 44to,4 111nd 4ap4er m11ill n4connee- i l4tun th' past 11non1th ar'rangemoints w" wer#1 co444chiuled by3 enitalitists fromt [he i orit1 b,11 with local uanufacturers, to erect g a! ( I'Int i4,ga a large0 tdrop forging 11 ph41o!) ,4 th biget, ever erectedl in tho L \omt he~ enf fwiclilba1000 At44 Shetih, Ala., thet Shlhlq' .Lipe uni 11u,Compan 111a. 1been or1ganized, ' toi ('r,t mr4Ige worksh' for1. th10 purposi4'o of ' 11144nluo wtrou ghit 'iron 1 piping,t Ia . an of1 wr44. article1s of iron ad steel. 'Il h .\Nor h A\!4laam .liial ltte, i hulahI i ng4e and1l hnpro 1l4i4vin1g Comlp:ny y n ill 14b11e 1 jworporated inl a shIort [1imo ait t. A thens144, A' bt., with a cap4itl of S 11,000,000. I A st)ock14 ('ompany13 will11also be ori';11zed of 1to es1tab1Ilih a co4tton1 miill, witht a capJitl1 inl 441 81I00,00, 1as w'l1li it a hank wvithl a4 Thle ChI rioas ed15 '1itionl of tho I leppuer or , Oregon) ( 1aze,t.t( wats liaxt year) prin!tedl in1 I wo) color1', blac~ik and( wlhito-- and( thei 1:4 '((4en1'ionl hun1)14 pbhick 14po ts~ wVert skill1fully ba1 14eenred(" 1by the devil g.t ting on too) mhl is ink andlIt fading to sa!licien)tly agitate his die roller, ml Wli:RE 1' IS COLDEST. TilII SOlRT O i iT :Il it11: IIAVI IN SillEI.tiA. - Iicaut("nt SehonutzeC T1'(s ltion() I'Cop)I Ex- isf W\Itor(II '1'('T"utsaou)n ter in Ight) l)egr(v"s liIowI Z(r,p--SIl,ir lt it l:xiles. Lieutenant W. I. Selicutzo of th navy, who was sent to the Lena Delta in Northwestern Siberia to delive: to th< natives gifts from the govormnent of tlh United Stites to repay them for the nid they rendered him in his se:arch for tl missing inembers of the Jeanuiette party, says in his report that the town of Voroyanisk, Siberia, is the coldest in. habited spot in tio world. Tlie tLer. nmmter stood at S( below zero when he was there, and hI says it seldom goes ab)ove ;a) below. I asked him the othei day what the people did who lived at this blissful spot, what they had to cat and how they liked it. \\Iy,'' he replied, ''they think it is a pret lv good sort of climate. '1 [oime, Swe':i Ih>ml(',' is the song all the world over, : nd if the Veroyauskers should < (lm' h"r they would wonder what pe pl ihl wthere it is so intferimtlly hot. They would smother in this elii late and pitu for a stiff northwesterly Arctic gale. It is wonderful the amuouit of cold ltuiuti flesh can endure. 'T'he natives of Tierra thlr I wego go stark naked the year reunil, and in their country it freezes every night. It is much colder ii the L.'ata )ilta, yet tho peopl)l maln age to keep comfortable, and miore (lie of smallpox and scurvy than from the clfkets of the intense cold. You seldom hear of any one freezing to death, and thei it is thaoe only who expose them selves imnprIudeitly who die in tliat way. iore Iui Ie are frozen to death in the United St tes than in Siberia." "Uut how do they manage to keep wari?'' "Vel!, in the first place the Yakuts arc an enduring r.ce, and are born in that climate. ThIIen they dress in furs, and have learned from their ancestors or from their own exp)erienco how to keep warn. Their houses are Iuilt of logs, smeared over on the outside and inside with manure and mud. In each cabin is a huge 1irepigce, which is used for both heating and cooking. 'T.'hero is seldom mltore than one1 room in these cal bins, and usually the owner's cattle, if lie hias 1(IV, occupy ('lit 'l of the room n which li lives, being tied, or hire vented fri a Imipliiig oin the Ib:alies Iby a har. ''h e hotis s are comm ononly very coiifoitb:lie, but are awfully dirty, and smel - thre is no word to deseribe it. i tien, unt iii I got used to it, I would rather in down in the snow Outside, with the thtermnomeiter 51) below zero, than sleep inl tne of these lmits. ht you've no idea What a man can stand when he has to." ''I have tihey windows in their houses?" "',es; Ie windows. 'T'hey us ice as We use giss. A clear picc is "selected, tlout live or six inches thick, mortised in the wvinidow\ olening in blocks two feIt, and si )m,timecs as large as four feet square, and with water is made solid. The water is as giood as putty. \'ien thr window IceIU4es dirty they serape it otl with a knife, and when it has been seraped thin, they substitute a new '')ocsn't thl window ever melt?'' ''Bless you, no; it is freezing cold that far from the fire. If the reom ever got warml enioutgh to melt tim ice the Yakut couln(h't live in it, and would have to go out doors to cool u1'. At night the lire is allowed to go out, as they have to econioizie in fuel. AU they Ihave is driftwoo d, gathered on to bankis of the Lena iver ini the su'mer time. "HIow do they sleep? D)o they undress when they go to lied?" '"Always. They stinp to their shirts, which are m:ule of a thick sort of Rus siian clothI as heavy as our canvas. Tln. men and wioment weaLr thec sam-e kind of 'armients, andl neveri have mere thani one ati i time. J Iook uil a hot of thick fhn iin 1 r th~em, enough to last the res.t oi their lives,~ andI it wil bie a great deal morei comlifortale than the naitiv-e stuff, aIlthough ii hey don't ike it at first. Whenl they unidress they get inito 1:unkis built m the soie of the hiouse--somietimes a mani, his wife andi alil his chiil n in thle sameOi hunk. They L:4hve reindier skinis oh'ter andl over themii. aiti euiuse of hIt unii or woiniutn to) mir es: hanlgs iall lhe chlhin g of the rest ouiitdoors overI a1 pole t hat is kept for thle purpose." "Wmt is thuat for?"' ''To freeze thle lie. Tihey couhi(n't live if they didhn't do it, and it has be ciome a nationial customit. Thle- lice get into the fur, and that is the only way to get themi out. By htanginig their clothes over the pole every nuight they caii keep reaisonialy lree from themn, bjut tIe fur fills up1 agin thex et 'liy.,, "D[o they ever bathe .' "'Necer in Ihleir lives; they hanven't aoiy' wor! for hiating ini their laniguige, andth upossibilityofkpigeani one (of the greatest ii miip s ofi A rctic "Whai t d[i they eat?' "' itindleer iiiit, beef thiey have (Iows, irerlt iooing1 iiaiad, Imoi halt their backsh liko ai camliel fish, hn au made oif black ry'e &mu , Ic.s and1 an im p)ort'fd kma le of chiopped belef rolled 1n,11 balis abou)1t the size of a1 iiarle, and1( covered withI a dough. TIhnee tey Ipounld up and111 make inmto soup. TIhen thiire isL a wood I iat is very 1utiiiI ,is when it is groundi I'l SLnd boiled. Mixed I) coursi tiey tre(zII soid as5 500n U they are taken out of thet water, sui tE Ints thi I : ink 5lin, ing, as thinu as ta " lltale, and1 ii t Ihae Iivedl for days nulet ove an al11 tcoho(l hm lamby lviy of vaie ty. The greatust luxudry they1 umve is bItie and lhay will eat it by the i'l'md ats tour peiopl eat conxfectillery. A~ poor(1 H'it of butter is made fromi the mil1k oIf the native cow,l, that lookIs and tiastes miore like (cheLem, and thiey prizi it ab ove all (ot her (hiiSes oif food. e..when lie caln get it,"~ ccninu iled Ii eiuteniant Schieutze, is asto)nishing. A friend of mino n Sil)ema ld o f a A TALK ABOUT INDIANS. LN INTERVIEW WITH COL,. ARTVII ORIABOUSKI. 'he Indians lind their Future--Interesting Facts Concerning their Education an& their Progress. (From the Augusta Chronioic.) Colonel Arthur Grabouski was in An.. usta yesterday and, the Chronicle re ortor failing to catch him on the wing, rove out to the stately mansion of Mrs. ames Gardiner. The reporter was shored into the parlors at the hospitable lansion, but was not allowed to remain iere but a few seconds before he was shered into the sitting room, where olonel Grabouski was seated before a mfortable lire. The Colonel has a distinguished as ol as a classical appearance, and the ordial greeting extended the Chronicle presentative, when he informed the olonel of his mission, immediately amped him as a man of excellent judg ient, lie was willing to give the people iy information that ho might possess at would be of interest to them. The porter thereupon said: "Colonel, knowing that you had some oublo in Kansas and that charges were ado against you, will you kindly tell e about it and also something about o Indians?" "The difficulty I had was simply the )jection of the people of Kansas to an. itsidor taking charge of what they con Ier a home institution. In addition. creto there is considerable feeling still :isting there in regard to the war. lieso charges against me were so con Iual that three or four timer the do rtment sent investigation committees l of whom were perfectly satistled that. are was no cruelty, and that everything is managed satisfactorily." "I Is the feeling died out?" "It was only amongst a few and has itirely died out. As an evidence of ich there was tendered on my leaving oint banquet with ex-Governor Charles ibinson, given by at least one hundred d fifty of the leading citizens, at which Linuet 1 received a handsome souvenir. 'hilst greatly interested in the work of ucating the Indians the duties were coedingly onerous, and having an ap uintiment offered in the Depatment of o Bureau of Labors-the distributing products which would make my fleki labor iii Georgia, Ahlbama, Missis ppli aid Lo uisiana--1i accepted it." THE WOBK AMONr1LE INDIANS. ''The people would like to know some iiug of your work among the Indians; ill you kindly enlighten them?" "laskell institute is one of the United tates Indian industrial schools, having uring my administration three hundred ipil:+, oio-third of whom were females, Inging in ago from 12 tb 30 years, re ding at the institution provided with verything by the government. The bject of the institution is to lot indus ial training go hand in hand with the uglish language and the fundamental rinciples of an education. Among the ades taug it are blacksmithing, caren ring, shoemaking, farming, tailoring, c. ''how do they tako to education?" "They are intelligent when aroused, id they make remarkable progress in o English language. They make them Ives understood and their shop work of value in a short time." "After being in the institution any Qgth of time do they retain their 'acherous nature?" "TIheir nature is suspicious, not troach ou15. A fter they give confidence and >edience for once it is for good. I do >t recollect a single instance in which in or woman entbac on a promise viin the sumperintendenit." "'What do you consider the main lever thoe education of the Indians?" " Undoubtedly the ofl'ct of Christiani-. upon01 the morals anmd lives of there opIo. 'is opinion is shared in both the P.resid,1ent and the Secretary of e Initerior." "What becomes of these Indians after uishing their education?" "'Some of them retur'n to their people d become instructors in what are called ency schmools, others become govern ant empjloyes at agencies. The mnajori however, form wlut is known as the w Iud ian eleimenit, they are the freight antOd smaell farmers of the agencies, d aire the ones: who arc now asking a stri buttion of indian lands in soveraltyr." "Have you ever visited the Indan' encies?" "1 have visited a number of them, met e chief men in council and went in a Lmb)er of their camps from tent to "'Ifaving been among them, wvhat is ur opinion upon01 the solution of this >ulesomIe problem?" '"The middle aged Indian, man or >man, will have to pass to their grave it little unpjroved, as they Escom unsus p)tib)le of imp)rovinig. Th'oi hope of thme dinrace lies in those under twenty 'e years of ago. .Instances are not un mmion where older Indians take steps ward civilization in breaking g'rounds r farms, bult these are exceptions, acognizinig this the Government dlirects attention to the young menan :>menl of the different tribes, anmd will idoubtedly solve the question b)y the mdual extinction of the old Indian '.n Lo budding citizenship of the young idians-" A St. Paul young mani was surprised Lid shocked the othier day. lHe was alkinig behind a1 well knQwn lady of mt city whun a ragged little 1)0y asked >r live :enits to buiy a loaf of broad with. hie gave it to huiim. 'Thfen lie ran away, ut aronnd thle bilock, anid son met her in and1( tol the samo le1. TIhmen the >ung man hieard her say, "'I gave you oe othier icke'l to buy a loaf of bread. no0w give you five cents in admiration your gigaiitic gall." The lady moves "thme highest circles of St. P~aul socie " and that's the reason her remarks rprised the listenier. Soume unknown incendlary attempted to the house of Mr. Curry, of Laurons le, on Sunday nIght. Happily the effort led, or a large part of the towun wouldl ve been1 destroyed, as Mr. Curry's liouse >f wool, and joIning it andl in tne ime te neighiborhood atc many of the same trial.