The Pickens sentinel. (Pickens, S.C.) 1871-1903, January 27, 1887, Image 1
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VOL. XVI.
"kENS S. C., TURIt1SDAY, JANUARY 27 1887- NO
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lVI1AT TIlE l)EI'ARTMI:N' O1 A.IlI
CUI:1'UI E 1) OING.
An InterlIew wit". Coimii 41oner Itte(r
What lie $ays About. tiu Itueent Attac"ks
Upon I it Departmenut.
(From the News and Counrit r.)
COLUMIuA, January 18.- -Colonel A. P.
Butler has been the commissioner of
agriculturo of Soutlt Carolina ever since
his department began its work, seven
ycais ago. He is thoroughly devoted to
it and, of course, knows all its details
and shares all its aspirations. in vi('W
of the confusion which exists in the pub
lie mind as to the duties, acts and Ic
sources of the department, nat the
criticisms which have been na:de upon
its management, the News and Courier
Bureau ltis secured an intcrview with
- ~ Commissioner Butler, enabling him to
summarize the situation from his stand
point. The fever of the 'Tillnan move
mont" has abated, and the )colole of the
Stato should be al)le to consider calmly
and justly the valuable work of the de
partment, and give it the credit to which
it is entitled. Nearly a year will elapse
lforo the Legislature can meet again,
and in the meantime thoro is plenty of
time for discussion and Ito excuso for
''snap judgments" on any dopartment of
the btato Government.
To the question, ''How hms the 1)e
partment of Agriculture been afl'ected by
the attacks upon it.?" Colonel Butler re
plied:
''In my opinion the departuent is
titrongor to-day than at any time since
its establishment in 1879. it was evident
to the board and myself sonic time be
* fore the first articles agairst the depart
ment appeared in the newspaper-s that its
work was not fully understoe(l by the
peol)le, but we weC at a loss to know
what more than had bect done could be
done properly to show the important
duties of the department and how they
had been discharged. We hal submitted
annual reports of our work to tho..legis
lature at every session, and published
monthly reports during the ycar, besides
colduicting anl extensive correspondence;
but we realized that something more was
necessary to enlist the enthusiastic sup
port of all the farmers in the work.
Well, while wo were considering the
matter an article appeared which bitter
ly assaile( the manageuemnt of Ihe de
partment, and in such a manr tit it
at once rttracted the attentin of our
people and turned(l their eyes upon u.
You viill see that this was exactly what
WO wanted. It was the opportanity that
we desired, and you will remember that
- I handed you a reply to the criticism
within four hours after the News atd
Courier containing the criticism rcached
Columbia. Your readers are famniliatr
with the controversy that full wed. On
my part I can say that it was conducted
without the least lersonal hitterness,
because in the first plce it was exactly
what I wiated, and, in the s('e'od lace, I
I felt that the result would be a viudica
lion of the departnent ant make it
stronger with the people, us i,. has done."
"Why do you think that this has been
the result?"
''Well, you' will remieniber that the
lirst criticism appeared during the ses"
cion in November anld )cc.on 'Im, 18-,
and while the controversy was at its
height and bitterness the menbos of the
board were unanimously re-elected and I
was re-elected commissiouer. The con
troversy, therefore, did not lessen the
confidence of the Legislature in the
management ofi thle d'portmen t. At thte
same sesson thei econonnie caucus, as it
was called, app)lointedl at comnt. itt'e to in.
vestigatte the dep art,ment. Thlaeummtit
ice aatbnitted ta report wvhich comiletely
reofuted all the charges of extrsvagance-,
mismanagement, c, that. had hbeen
made. Tihe fighbt was contiimied alonig
in the spring, and amnong other char-ge
mtado was that in regard to the iuaugur-a
tion and conduct ot the phosphate titiga
tion. The Farmers' Convent iont met and
appointed a committee to investigate the
matter, and the result was a thorough
-vindication of the department by this
body of fartmrs. Somte people, how
ever, were not satisfied, land t hey cont
linuedl the agitation, greatly to thle bieno
* it of the departmenit. Thie mi re theiy
said, the moir, the peoplIe bleeame mnter
es-ted in thy workh, andt( as they bhecame
fatmiliar- with it, the more antxuiou they
wer-e that it shltd Le sustaine d, Yo'n
3vill rememb er ailso imt v-.he-n thte agita
tin began int IN , a Sen.. ir itioduecd
a bill to abolish the dep-art mt. ]iefori
the sessjioni was over the b ill wa illehd
on thte motionl of the heminttor who itto
duc'ed it, tand lhe has recenty de clared in
the public prits tluat lie wunld strentu
diepartmnut. 'fltore is inow, w iar as 1
4 am awar-e, no mtan itn the 'faue who
would ttdvocte thte abiiibtioni of the thi
patintltt. 'Thie pulice are atini hat with
the eiforts matde at theii re-cnt sessionI ti
reorgatnizAe the depiartmetl andthet :ai!
ure of the lill. .1 umay be mitake ast
*the cause, butt I hhink its hailtum w. u
tot the fact timut the heinat e was .at it i
with the muanagemeint of the tdelnna owt
pnd believed that Ithe pawSi)ge (of the hi!
would be0 conlsideredl an emb>risimt,it if
the charges of inelliciency thait had beenI
made against th ptjresenit btoard anmd
refused to pass5 it."
"'Howy do you Oxptlain the la rgo' vo
that this b ill received in the Hosei ''
"'Easily enough. WVith a fea e\
ceptionis, till of the old miembera of I wi
House who hiad been returniied were i haw
'oe. 'lhoy naturally objeted to leI
Jhg the fight aguaint the bil and none itf
the new muembIers amutong/ the farmn:
weiro fainiliar- witht one worki, muid o
course, ~ou l tiot explahit it. 1o t ie
reasotn no objections werte made to thei
measuroii in tih i i tio n lhe b ill wvent
through, I might say', by detautl"
'Io there any recal ,ob jelt ion to in
preasimg the nicimbershtip of the, hoard of
agriculture?'
''Under ordinar-y circmtstanlese j
would sa,y tat there was no(t, butt I cont
fe-ss thait thtere aippearrs to bte ver' e little
to be gained by the changetf. It' migut
uraothe populan-t.y of thto depart
mont, andi that is, of courIse, desiraleh'
but as to real work I ami unabille to see
.why five man, with the interests otf the
State at heart, could not manag this
'department just as well as tent, Ho~
ever, this is a matter for the Legislature
to consider, and I do not care to say
anything that would appear to bo said
for the purposo of iniluoncing the mom
bers of that body."
"hi soe sections the Legislaturo has
beon criticised for not having 'turned
this department over to the farmers.'
What have you to say about that?"
"Unless I am very much mistaken it
is now managed by the farmers. Gov
ernor Richardson, Colonel Duncan and
Colonel Li)sconb have been farmers all
theit lives, I believe. Chancellor John
sont is (one of the most extensive and ste
cessful farmers in the rich Pee Dee sec
tion of the State, although he is also an
able lawyer, and Mr. Perry is a mer
cent, btt I think is also a large land
owner. So that you see the farmers are
ii ia large Imattjority on the boa' d. I am
the executive ofiicer of the department.,
though not a member of the board, and
farming is the only occupation I have
over followed. Taken altogethter, then,
the department is pretty well under the
control of farmers. '.htere is another
matter that should not be overloolked in
this connection. Colonel Duncan repre
sents the State Agricultural Society and
Colonel Lipscomb the State (range
the t*wo largest agricultural organizations
in the State-and if the farmers are not
satisfied with their management at any
time they can easily remove them from
the board."
"What is the preit condition of the
dcnart ment?"
"I think it is one of the best equipped
departments in the United States, and
capable of doing a great work for our
)eo)le. Our fertilizer inspectors will
start out in a few days to collect samples
of all the fertilizers off'erec for sale in
the State, and the laboratory will soon
be in full blast turning out the analyses.
''he laboratory is under the charge of a
thoroughly competent chemist, and Ie
is prepared to do the oflicial work of the
departmtenit, and to make analyses of
fertilizers, minerals, ores, marls, waters,
&c., for our people, free of charge. We
have invited the farmers to send us sam
ples of the fertilizers they buy, and we
will be glad to have every farmer in the
State rememler that we want the invita
tion accepted.
")r. H. W. Ravenel, the botanist of
the department, is one of the most cmi
tent scientists in the South. lie will
make his department of great benefit to
the farmers during the year.
"Dr. lienjamin M mlnues, Jr., the
t"termiiary surgeyn of the department, is
loing a great deal of good by the exami
nation of diseased stock in various parts
:f the State, and prescribing remedies
for the prevention and abatement of
isetases among stock. The increased
interest in stock raising and the large
imount invested in blooded stock in
South Carolina make it of the highest
importan(e that every precaution should
be taken against the spread of contagi
ous diseases, and Dr. Melnncs will use
every el'ort to the accomplishment of
this end.
"Mir. (iraltam, Who has been detailed
by the United States signal service to
org;aize and take charge of the State
wieather serv,ice, under the department,
lets entered upon his work with enthusi
tinsi, antd, as you have already published,
bIs established about forty stations that
CoW receive the daily weather indica
tions, and in a short while he will have
tatiois of ob>servation at every county
eiat iii Sou1tlh ('arolitas. It is Hot Ieces
;arv for me to speok of the umny ad
nattages which the weather service will
:;ive to all classes of our pe'pie. Its
beneiits are recognir.ed and appreciated
mverywiere.
''Mr. E. L. Rcehe, the special assist
imt, continues in charge of the phosphate
.lepartmeit, and the splendid services ho
Ias already rendered the State in getting
ieiuiate returns of rock mined anmd so
uring pirompit p)aymuent of royalty duel
hle Slate is ample guarantee that this
00p ortanut inte re,t will not lie niegeted.
"We are n~ow making arrangements to
iinlarge thle monthlly report, and during
Lte year it wvill contain, besides the usual!
matter relating to the work of the de
Ipartiment, regular contrib'utions from
he chemist, thle b otaniist, the veterina
rian, the signal service observer, statisti
cal statemeints and other matters of in
terest to the farmers. We are dlaily (is
tributinig hand-books and other pulica
Lions to tall p)arts of the ctount"y and
thng everything that wie thtiak wvill bet
ter advertise omil resources ahn ativant
liges. We now have on Jilet in the otlico
eighty-six apphlicaitionis for carp, and it
will retquire 1,700 fish to supp)lly the ap
p hieants. 'lThese will be ft unish ed from
our1 poinls if the umaber thiere is
sllicientl, and if not we wvili l otaini them
froma the G ovenment p)onds att Wash
mtgtont.
'The department will make an e'xhiibit
rit the G range encampiment at Spartan
burg next summer, and1( in every way
possible encou rage the formn:tfin of
lagriculturat clubs andl organizattions. As
soon as practicale after the time pre
eribed by law i hits expired the board
will estabilishi the two expermental sta
lions pirovidled for by the Legislat,ure,
md we expect to have them in active
ea ont as far as piossiblo (Ihiring the
lli: y.n-, midler the charge oif aL compe
tttt mrec& (toi anid emloyees. The boiard
ull iso ftualiy earry otitt the pro
v isionls oft lthe h>w ini regaird to the collec
o'al e collegt , so ias to be prep ared to
aboui t th repornt regardin'g thtem att the
n*t wt.sioni of thet I regisliiet. (lur
diis i to mnake the depiartment of the
greatest tenefit to the farmers, and we
are tndeaivorting to keelp tbem itformed
andui iteted t in its work, ini order to
securie t hir coniliail co-(operation."
~ i triblei Trnge.si
i da 1 t i I ani who iv t i t hil
neIihbo, un wa b r io II
tiFio lt k i II ma *it bu i Ihe C aiv . iT he
wa homi fro churebi an hIaniito is
hits li ding1 vI itii withttig ithe n'uut
of death I. IThereI hats bima tltne -ilt-lie
ftu htl et ween the parie s, bui tt invai nit:'r
thoughlt that iL, woulhi:ielhmote lt such a
bttlooy an ner. As thie partijes belong ut to~
iii old Ittnily, we forbear to matke eonm
Iment, letaving that, to t ho proper ath ori
tiles. At last accoutilL, the muirdlerer b;itil
not, been caught. -?ihArrma Iuu epr.
PlOs Tin C It1I()for'1;he\(i.
(:i u.l '1itt t (nutn Img Io, Ii Monti,ih.
( ron th outU 1I r't Cultivator.)
It ia. well known to the Cultivato:
readers that the farmers howl and coin
plain of cotton being only worth fron
Sevenl and a half to eight. and seven
eighth cents; they consider tlemselve+
broke and ruined at those prices, wher
it is a blessing to them and to the coun
try tlt it is no higher )riecd. Fifty
<d(1( years gives onu some experienct
abeat farming and the vicissitudes that
attend it. In my long experienceJ
never saw the time whuen cotton solt
higher for a seriks of years, but it ended
badly for the faruers, as it encouraged
them to increase the area of cotton
pilanting and curtail tle rea of theil
provision Crops and lead them intc
speCllations and all malier of extrava
ganees and waste, and when over-pro.
duction glutted the market anld cotton
fell in price, it found the farmers in
debt, which hiad to be paid Iby low-priced
cotton.: On the contrary, when cotto
sold low for a series of years, the farm
els regulatetd their afhtiri to suit circun
stances; it foted them to become mor
self-sustaining, hence they increatsec
their provision Crops, lived inure at
home, raised their own meat and breaal,
kept out of speculations, economlizel in
every department, heneo thy Naved
more money at low-priced Cot ton tian
they did with higl-pricel cotton. I hlavr
always noticed tlhat debts and aceounts
were more promptly paid with low
priced cotton-wlhy? because when cot
ton was high, speculation an I ext rava
gance increased their indebtedness, arld
when low-priced were economical atnd
saving, and every dollar they got they
applied to their (ehts. This may seeni
a strange theory, that low-priced cotton
benefits the farmers moro than high
priced cotton, but experience has eltown
it to be the case, and the reasons are ap
parent; when speculation sets in value
bcmes fictitious, and inflation goes on
until the bnbble explodes and reaction
throws all in chaos and dismay amd a
panic is the result, which brings abo ut
general loss and ruini, aid ritlt5s basetd
on such fictitious and fraudulent values
melt into poverty. Let us go back Ii fty
years, when everything was much dearer
than it is now-''coflee 2; pounds to the
dollar, sugar live and six pounds to the
dollar, iron ten cents a pound, axes two
dollars and a half each, four-quarter
sheeting thirty-seven and a half cents,
tnd calicoes, American, thirty seven and
u half cents, English lifty cents per yard,
and cotton elling at eight and ten cents.
(oing back only to 1t7i oar factories
sold plaids at ' nineteen (ents Ipter yard.
Last year, .1-', they sold the ssme pl;ti
for six and one-fourth enaits, and the
present boom, six and three- I,lurt i
sunts,'' and with cotton at present prices
the advantages are all in favor of the
tonsumers. But let the price of cotton
advance to twelve antd fifteen cents,
everything else would run up higher it
price to the proportion to the price of
cotton, and provision Crops curtailed in
planting and cotton plant ing increased
at thu expectation of fifteen cents a
pound, would place the farmers in a
worse condition than they are to-day.
Low values are in favor of the farmers,
provided they farmed as they should, by
raising their own foo 1 supplies in
ibundanci for man and beast, and cot
ton at six cents would pay thm1 well.
Our whole systeni of farming is wrong,
hence there is such tdepressit1n and hia rd
tines with the farmers, and the error is
in planting two much cotton and two
Little provisions with most of the farmers
to-day; their cotton crops are merely cx
3banged for their food supplies, and nit
:cr such a systel where can any profit
some in for the farmer? Why none, for
ll he makes is consumed in priovisn>us~
to supphort life; all made above farm
2onsainpionu should lhe a clear profit,
adu if wve farnied in that way, the low
price of cotton would not affet us, and
Lf high-priced, thme greater thle profits,
keep an eye to your cribs anid barims and
smioke-hiouses, tha t they are tilled fronm
your own fields; also keep aii eye to
your little truck patches, and to your
gartden and pou)hlt ry hious', and also to
your dairy), anid when that is doni i', you
will never hear of huardl tim.e'i on farin
thus maneged; thge hard tinmes and ginl
liouseu go tog-'ther; all cotton and no
buread and meat is the trouble; clothingi1
of' all kinds is cheap, but when voni
strike the grocers and provision deal'ers,
there the ruinous expens as come in
which make farming unphrtfitabile.
Cave Spring, ( hm~
I)otor, aind fi.awy~rrs iscuss thel Alits of
Theli Society of Medical Jturisprutdenie
and State Medicine hold its mtonlill
mieetinig last week, withl Amion (I. Ilu 11
as prtesid ing oficer. Thecre was an ani
mated dtiscussioni on ft questtion, "'Ilow
Shall the Deanthi Penialty bem imflicted ?
Thme presiding oflicer said that lie was
inot so1 imuch oppo)tsed to thle priesent sys
tem of caplital puniishigenmt ais he wasti
allowinmg repre'centa tives ofi tIe press to
be priesent and publish ft' details tof the
execultionIs ini thme cohuiiiis of the daily
pres~s. IHe wvas fol lowid b y lI. Drill,
who -rad a rteply to thei moiuniitle api ..
pointed by the I er;5iiitr to mipor't upolm
comnsidered hainginig thle most 1harharous
and inhuuian method of puitmihmnt
niow, ini existencme. Thle guilIlotinie, lie
thought, the best instrmuu ient ftr in it.
ing the death pen'ialiy . II ,(1) pinin 1wias
conco rre,l 'n by I) ,. Qu iminby antd J. C.
licters, who were bolth opposed to hung
Thei other sidIe of thle queistionc was
then disenissetd by .I .11. lBenn and W
Ii. Russe.5lh, repr'ese'nt ina-i* thi' ' gadlipro
fessionii. atiuI i". \\ ods, form'uuely ai sur..
heo fit army, rtepresetinimg t h
iiedical profe'tt.ion. Tlhmey believed flout
whitni a perison deliberi ately takes th liet
oif anoitther nto fomn of punmishmnent. i t,,
severe, andti. 1!mt thet presen't 5sItlom
;h:.uld n.ot be changetd. TIhe piroceetdings
were closedl by D1 r. P eters suggesting~
that flie opnuaon of each nmoeru ' of t he
society be obitainied and stnt to the Leg.
silturnc. This wams favoriably conusidered,
'I hey have a tohoggani slide at his
iiunk, IDakoe ta, where it is said thme stuel
sIhu mi tohognansit acture i a veltocity o
ftre tailes a muiniite. But they are uised
to blizzar Is tont that way andi( can stai''
man who ato thirty-six lllds inl ont
day, and then didn't get all he wanted
They have a way of pounding up a re<
berry and niixing it with butter, whiel
gives it a beautiful pink tint and hin
proves the flavor. 'T'heir drink is ti
Russian Vodka, almost pure alcohol
and they will trade their shirts for it
'1'ho liquor is scarco and expenitsve, s<
they are necessarily a tinperate people.
''how do the political exiles live, an<
how many arc in the country?"
"' great many-several int every set
tlement. When an exile is selt into th<
country the (ioverntur detertinies wher<
he shall reside, atnd retuires him to rc
por't his Whereabouts at fr('tnucnt intter
vals. They live as the nativt's do, re
ceive so much a year froin the govern.
intent for their stpport, and work at
their trades if they have them, nid( it
they haven't get such jobs as they ciii.
In other provinces the exiles work in
the mines. At Veroyuansk I saw an exile,
who had been a lawyer and judge in
Bussia, doitg carpenter work, and all
the tool he hund was an ax. I took up
soi)e presents for several exiles, wlo
had been of service to the Jeannette
party, but had to ohtai't the permission
of the (hovernor before I coul deliver
theii. in every settlelnint aro local
oflicials, who luok after these unfortu
nate pe(ople."
"llow cait a nan entllure the intentse
cold1 when the wind blows?''
''it is, of coutrse, necessatry to keep
the body protected and as uclt of the
face as possible wit hi furs, and even tlen
it is common to freeze the extrenities;
but if a man knows how to take care of
himself he will not. sutler. \ly face and
hands wero froze i a number of timies.
i.f I had gone to the Iiro to warm the
skin would have cracked opent and given
mle mucth trouble; but by rubbiug the
frozen place with show, and get ing it
thawed out. by friction :nd gradual heat,
1 never had any troul le."
A:OUT it\T'-:NTs.
Ilowt 11te 01lt"t I4 11un:tt tti itmltl\vhn cet
Int',tentiton ('rmt,,
(Ftrim the \'w '",l Y. .'u r ,)
In the matter of ingeinuity the \ieri
can peop)le lead the world. il)ort+ appli
cationis for patents are received 1iid niore
pattents grantetd at the I'atent Otliee in
this city than in any otlier two Coinit ries
of E1urope. (lreat Ihitain co'tc.s next
on the list, France third and (iermant ty
fourth, it was not. until i:i; that the
Patent Office was olgan izedt as a s' prtt e
1bu1reau with a cOinnisiunsitnrtit al suit tl'
assistants for the 1>rope1Or dii s-: r t I its
dutieS. .It is rat.her a sin!;tbu-n f.ttt tiu1t
during that year only t ne pitcinatittn
for a patent was tiled. 'lh it'nt y:ar
the ntt)nbler increased to hh:. 't'he in
crease has steadily grown until int l ;
21,7tW7 aplicationlswer' tiled. The n ht tle
nuniber of patents granted since I:s; is
in round tumbers, :ii.,OUl). 'The 11)1)1 i
cationls for patents are rtgardt'td as a
good index of the general btusinttess p,ros
perity of the country. W1hen Ii niles are
dull inventors realize tIhat capital is sitw
to risk the success of their oxperinenlts.
On the othier hand when iaoney is pl(,nt.i
ful it is a poor ilventor who eiiot, tind
sonic one who is tw ilIing, at letast, to It;ty
the lt'gal expelnSt n htce(siry to the
takhing out of his path'nt. It ma,y bn
said, en passant, if this theory of tit
pltent oilee i)Iliiats hhtis g o)od, it t
the country wan ne(ve'r int a ntor": prto5
perous condihtion, littmu'h .os the n11nt
1her of applicatis for [sI; eX'ceeded 1by
several thouaut those of ituy recediug
year.
More patents hnive been1 gatdte.d to the
citizens of New 1 ork thant to thost 41f
any other State. i is is owing pi rab'Ily
to her larger opulation. Ipo tis
hypothesis PtennsylIvanxia tatkes thle see
cnd lac2, anud accoxrdinig to thle l.amie
r'easonixxg 11lliis- or ( io shioubl tconwlt
nxext, but tIhe truth ix that Maliss'hnistt
fr'om whicjh it prioceteds. For iX.uunph'-e
apl))icatttions shoin t rIhe iinv :Ato be
13y co)ine frit New Yoik, \la:Iis. etiiist
or Conneitet,ieut. hnprovltt\enni nt. ill cot -
almost entiirely of' Souxthxern invetmis.
Thie development of inxvtitve geiuis inl
the South hum been~ imarkale duiring
the past dear,tie. ThIxis is t spect'iall IIvs
in. ( etorgia aiiil Ttxaxs, thle two ilot e
protgr'essive States <nixt hI of ason ;uinl
I )ixon's line. Thie aupplimionis froml thlie
Souith, as5 reenitly ats I i1, wer'' t'A~
incrxeaist ];nce ii h au. hl,. rlit iv
as great as tindi t i he N'rthlrn ;-tatvs.
K'entuxcky, wras ftounad de.i ini a fitlhl ini
lt~iowan (counlty \',tdnesday.' IIt 11 i Ia te
kept lil ia conitimiid warfarie with lw
headtt for. thit hitst twe yearx l'ilit irouble
jloyd Tl va 'irI iiiixi,lheait ('r ls.
.irinli was takeni to \\'inte. lit -1
kein i g. .\ few wieelo ha w, mii
.ler ;a iAti5edt oridter purporhit inI to it Iw
tini wals inried oveir tto thenm. On hile
'way back( to Moriehitad the tr'aii nu.s
wilth h'.leu. 'T'alituarin was irr'ted, het
ho oriii, cotnhl hot hit litenedi In hb' l
ils stiartd tihle Tltlivar- \hiart i ar, and
ihae conltie lever tu n . .\t lii t
men havei obeenlii Soth fttnin eai bhe
Jinl eiths cont. Tes 'I'it i&'lpI hvave
ttuetof )mpes aou idjrohit tor aidII1 il.I
iilTe; 1overnor tlt. I\jut o;:hun,It
thae bathite ptei vire twistoe pi'ux..
the trouek. 'lHele was kilediallsnm, tilt
he be ed buzarctd fxthant asi bllen
s ho nr lt tope other a yJ b.orrigto
rt'>. : of-- sot 'i i. :1&N PJ{O(,nESS.
I 'ewis S. Jones cortntplates starting
Ihan works at Wheeling, Vest Virginia.
-lwre is talk of a wire factory being
starte I at Chattanooga, Tenun.
It is stated that a smoking tobacco 1
factory will be started at Chase City,
\ irginia.
A comtpany is being formed at Calera,
A htbai, it is said, to manufacture
woodenware. ..
A stove foundry is reported to b built
at. I )eat ur. Alabama, soon.
At ('ullte)r, Va., a carriage factory
is to b1e erected.
u
A rich gold mine has been discovered t
near the Neuces Canyon, Uvalde county, u
'exas. tI
A St. T4louis firn aro making arrange- nt
]itrIs for a pipe foundry at Clattnoo- C
gi, .1enn. c
A canning factory is about to be estab
lishted at Ainite, La.
A wagon factory is being erected at
1Inleltnld, Fla., by J. 1). Crui.
A stock conupany will soon be organ
ized at .Jacksonyilli', Fla., to manufac
tire nins, s
N,ar ('alera, .Ala., slate lis been dis- u
C) Ivered aId will 5)11 ie tevelopet'd. a:
A stoek t'ul,I)any is to ho organized at ti
Iirluinprlun, Ala., to start a tannery, r
At Eurtku Sp oings, Ark., a zine mine
has bteen develapel d.
m
A saw anti plalting mill, also a box nl
factory, ltuiv been erected at Van 13uren, ti
Arkansas.
Neg otiati,M; are about being entered of
into for erecting water works at Pine 01
'Itt(, Ark. si
It is proltltltle that a stock company
will Ib'e or nized at. Boanooke, V., soon (
to t'st luislh a Itac steel plant.
I' 1h 1hI')1ao lIiek Coan)V, capi
:l at, 41 2t),0I), has been ortgaitized at. ul
lennbu,Ala. th,
''h Iaiu;y ('av' ani li Itel Company, Wi
I 1ray, \ 1:.. cotntemplatltlutU spending about
:-> ,I00 m enlaring their hotel.
A . 100 ),0 sto'k coin l)auy is being el
olr;uaied at luirminghuam, Ala., to estab- v
lish a large carriage and wagon factory. a
Ti cI iloxi Artesiau lee Manufacturing 1
('u111i1puy, capital stock $l,Ot)0, hasl
1-in (rgulliztd at. iloxi, iViss.
T1.he A1lbarnat larb lts Conlpany, cap)i- ei
tal t e k 1U),000, l,s beet organized o
at L'boen'e, Ala., with W. J. Kereachan px
att p r(':ai n't- th,
A' lnts,t stouk l; (trtlany has bee"n f
or :uti d Iat Shelly ill', 'i' m nu., to iilu- of
trove Luttl at St. Atlrew's I ay, Fla. si
A t'omplany iItbeint formedt att Fort.
\\ 5rth, T.lex:a, to nt:lta(utufn t' irout and
w<V e r1 lidges, wit I r100,UU(I etapital ti
Thre is ioson to be 'structetl in the
soft tal regions of souttlhwesternt 'Vir- '1
:iilL n11 JSw Coke oyven1S and new
j 'urnacrs are to bet built. 1
A t . ilot l'int, Texas, a stock coi- 1
Iany Is Iaout to Ii formed to erect a
se'enty-fiv 1ba,trrl roller lour iil1. .
SAt (i;iinviIIt', 1'1a., a site for a furni- t
tort :tu,! wI,ttn fttt'.try has been pur- E:
I hatsed anl bu11 lillits ari t14n to be p
1 -11 1t ti
t.'o 1:rg. ma11lf airy of ye llowv t(
I ne i1r1111 i:; in liucolt, liss., and ct
the huttbetr but:ine's:; in that locality is
4)11 tlt Itl ,i
Last luuutht thoeie were .),(?,( 000 feet
4,1 III n ' l imbr shpped from .Jacksonville t
F'loritla. alore than half of it went c
al road1. is
'Ii. foundtry it Cltltra, Ala., is sup- Ic
plying te easitn'g tr the alol char- tr
coal11 phnitl bIn1g 1 ereted at D)ecatulr,
Aiit 41a41 4)en,4 Ah, .1411. t'lokpr-o
'4rec t a nt:)Cry' 1for the inanuii- n<i
ha 41'are o('ctton1 ro:pe and4 wo'olen~ yarnl. ~In
144 >nf4ited.4 with aI 11apIitall l,lock tof n
.4apital stoe to 1t1 he amount tof -10t.
44,)has been4 luiibed1' 444 [to estalbishI an
axe :u14.u1 hd> 14lp;uIy3 atI Iini in)!gluIn, f2
"' 1I .ytoEnal Comp ( anIy of irmti- ii
ind1un aa l a., has1 dlec.h1tredi dividi nds1 of
11 (r(cnt. of its capital daring D)e- an
4')ini14'l ial It 18'! tI- nt. duingiie 1880, iii
n ole m! i in NI'w ()r -n ,l1. u lr l
>. him 4414 iniy don abr'44'1 ini)( , dti
" 4 1"414, n.has b4e4n for1'1edl by a a
414 i1 r o' ienJ4itali't 1'f Newl (Ornleans,
1 a441 414 .41pitalg ,I), to 'e tab(lie shtr a
wtdl be h>It))d in he 111 arishj1 (of St. to
\ 44i1i'd,4 Alaii., 1i( et,4lipalli' was1 y')
un14 4rp4414n'Ited, adai a4 caitl411 stock2 of tr<
1n41 itc. Wor are son to441 beI built w<'
''11)44 m' \onw Orlehans, wlithl C
'4' by ! 4,as compan t estab4i1h t
4 Il" 44to,4 111nd 4ap4er m11ill n4connee- i
l4tun th' past 11non1th ar'rangemoints w"
wer#1 co444chiuled by3 enitalitists fromt [he i
orit1 b,11 with local uanufacturers, to erect g
a! ( I'Int i4,ga a large0 tdrop forging 11
ph41o!) ,4 th biget, ever erectedl in tho L
\omt he~ enf fwiclilba1000
At44 Shetih, Ala., thet Shlhlq' .Lipe
uni 11u,Compan 111a. 1been or1ganized, '
toi ('r,t mr4Ige worksh' for1. th10 purposi4'o of '
11144nluo wtrou ghit 'iron 1 piping,t
Ia . an of1 wr44. article1s of iron ad steel.
'Il h .\Nor h A\!4laam .liial ltte, i
hulahI i ng4e and1l hnpro 1l4i4vin1g Comlp:ny y
n ill 14b11e 1 jworporated inl a shIort [1imo ait t.
A thens144, A' bt., with a cap4itl of S 11,000,000. I
A st)ock14 ('ompany13 will11also be ori';11zed of
1to es1tab1Ilih a co4tton1 miill, witht a capJitl1 inl
441 81I00,00, 1as w'l1li it a hank wvithl a4
Thle ChI rioas ed15 '1itionl of tho I leppuer or
, Oregon) ( 1aze,t.t( wats liaxt year) prin!tedl in1
I wo) color1', blac~ik and( wlhito-- and( thei 1:4
'((4en1'ionl hun1)14 pbhick 14po ts~ wVert skill1fully ba1
14eenred(" 1by the devil g.t ting on too) mhl is
ink andlIt fading to sa!licien)tly agitate his die
roller, ml
Wli:RE 1' IS COLDEST.
TilII SOlRT O i iT :Il it11: IIAVI
IN SillEI.tiA.
- Iicaut("nt SehonutzeC T1'(s ltion() I'Cop)I
Ex- isf W\Itor(II '1'('T"utsaou)n ter in Ight)
l)egr(v"s liIowI Z(r,p--SIl,ir lt it l:xiles.
Lieutenant W. I. Selicutzo of th
navy, who was sent to the Lena Delta in
Northwestern Siberia to delive: to th<
natives gifts from the govormnent of tlh
United Stites to repay them for the nid
they rendered him in his se:arch for tl
missing inembers of the Jeanuiette party,
says in his report that the town of
Voroyanisk, Siberia, is the coldest in.
habited spot in tio world. Tlie tLer.
nmmter stood at S( below zero when he
was there, and hI says it seldom goes
ab)ove ;a) below. I asked him the othei
day what the people did who lived at
this blissful spot, what they had to cat
and how they liked it.
\\Iy,'' he replied, ''they think it is
a pret lv good sort of climate. '1 [oime,
Swe':i Ih>ml(',' is the song all the world
over, : nd if the Veroyauskers should
< (lm' h"r they would wonder what pe
pl ihl wthere it is so intferimtlly hot.
They would smother in this elii late and
pitu for a stiff northwesterly Arctic gale.
It is wonderful the amuouit of cold
ltuiuti flesh can endure. 'T'he natives of
Tierra thlr I wego go stark naked the
year reunil, and in their country it
freezes every night. It is much colder
ii the L.'ata )ilta, yet tho peopl)l maln
age to keep comfortable, and miore (lie
of smallpox and scurvy than from the
clfkets of the intense cold. You seldom
hear of any one freezing to death, and
thei it is thaoe only who expose them
selves imnprIudeitly who die in tliat way.
iore Iui Ie are frozen to death in the
United St tes than in Siberia."
"Uut how do they manage to keep
wari?''
"Vel!, in the first place the Yakuts
arc an enduring r.ce, and are born in
that climate. ThIIen they dress in furs,
and have learned from their ancestors or
from their own exp)erienco how to keep
warn. Their houses are Iuilt of logs,
smeared over on the outside and inside
with manure and mud. In each cabin
is a huge 1irepigce, which is used for
both heating and cooking. 'T.'hero is
seldom mltore than one1 room in these
cal bins, and usually the owner's cattle, if
lie hias 1(IV, occupy ('lit 'l of the room
n which li lives, being tied, or hire
vented fri a Imipliiig oin the Ib:alies Iby
a har. ''h e hotis s are comm ononly very
coiifoitb:lie, but are awfully dirty, and
smel - thre is no word to deseribe it.
i tien, unt iii I got used to it, I would
rather in down in the snow Outside, with
the thtermnomeiter 51) below zero, than
sleep inl tne of these lmits. ht you've
no idea What a man can stand when he
has to."
''I have tihey windows in their houses?"
"',es; Ie windows. 'T'hey us ice as
We use giss. A clear picc is "selected,
tlout live or six inches thick, mortised
in the wvinidow\ olening in blocks two
feIt, and si )m,timecs as large as four feet
square, and with water is made solid.
The water is as giood as putty. \'ien
thr window IceIU4es dirty they serape it
otl with a knife, and when it has been
seraped thin, they substitute a new
'')ocsn't thl window ever melt?''
''Bless you, no; it is freezing cold that
far from the fire. If the reom ever got
warml enioutgh to melt tim ice the Yakut
couln(h't live in it, and would have to go
out doors to cool u1'. At night the lire
is allowed to go out, as they have to
econioizie in fuel. AU they Ihave is
driftwoo d, gathered on to bankis of the
Lena iver ini the su'mer time.
"HIow do they sleep? D)o they undress
when they go to lied?"
'"Always. They stinp to their shirts,
which are m:ule of a thick sort of Rus
siian clothI as heavy as our canvas. Tln.
men and wioment weaLr thec sam-e kind of
'armients, andl neveri have mere thani one
ati i time. J Iook uil a hot of thick fhn
iin 1 r th~em, enough to last the res.t oi
their lives,~ andI it wil bie a great deal
morei comlifortale than the naitiv-e stuff,
aIlthough ii hey don't ike it at first. Whenl
they unidress they get inito 1:unkis built
m the soie of the hiouse--somietimes a
mani, his wife andi alil his chiil n in thle
sameOi hunk. They L:4hve reindier skinis
oh'ter andl over themii. aiti euiuse of
hIt unii or woiniutn to) mir es: hanlgs iall
lhe chlhin g of the rest ouiitdoors overI a1
pole t hat is kept for thle purpose."
"Wmt is thuat for?"'
''To freeze thle lie. Tihey couhi(n't
live if they didhn't do it, and it has be
ciome a nationial customit. Thle- lice get
into the fur, and that is the only way to
get themi out. By htanginig their clothes
over the pole every nuight they caii keep
reaisonialy lree from themn, bjut tIe fur
fills up1 agin thex et 'liy.,,
"D[o they ever bathe .'
"'Necer in Ihleir lives; they hanven't
aoiy' wor! for hiating ini their laniguige,
andth upossibilityofkpigeani
one (of the greatest ii miip s ofi A rctic
"Whai t d[i they eat?'
"' itindleer iiiit, beef thiey have
(Iows, irerlt iooing1 iiaiad, Imoi halt
their backsh liko ai camliel fish, hn au
made oif black ry'e &mu , Ic.s and1 an im
p)ort'fd kma le of chiopped belef rolled
1n,11 balis abou)1t the size of a1 iiarle,
and1( covered withI a dough. TIhnee tey
Ipounld up and111 make inmto soup. TIhen
thiire isL a wood I iat is very 1utiiiI ,is
when it is groundi I'l SLnd boiled. Mixed
I) coursi tiey tre(zII soid as5 500n U
they are taken out of thet water, sui tE
Ints thi I : ink 5lin, ing, as thinu as ta
" lltale, and1 ii t Ihae Iivedl for days
nulet ove an al11 tcoho(l hm lamby lviy of
vaie ty. The greatust luxudry they1 umve
is bItie and lhay will eat it by the
i'l'md ats tour peiopl eat conxfectillery.
A~ poor(1 H'it of butter is made fromi the
mil1k oIf the native cow,l, that lookIs and
tiastes miore like (cheLem, and thiey prizi
it ab ove all (ot her (hiiSes oif food.
e..when lie caln get it,"~ ccninu iled
Ii eiuteniant Schieutze, is asto)nishing. A
friend of mino n Sil)ema ld o f a
A TALK ABOUT INDIANS.
LN INTERVIEW WITH COL,. ARTVII
ORIABOUSKI.
'he Indians lind their Future--Interesting
Facts Concerning their Education an&
their Progress.
(From the Augusta Chronioic.)
Colonel Arthur Grabouski was in An..
usta yesterday and, the Chronicle re
ortor failing to catch him on the wing,
rove out to the stately mansion of Mrs.
ames Gardiner. The reporter was
shored into the parlors at the hospitable
lansion, but was not allowed to remain
iere but a few seconds before he was
shered into the sitting room, where
olonel Grabouski was seated before a
mfortable lire.
The Colonel has a distinguished as
ol as a classical appearance, and the
ordial greeting extended the Chronicle
presentative, when he informed the
olonel of his mission, immediately
amped him as a man of excellent judg
ient, lie was willing to give the people
iy information that ho might possess
at would be of interest to them. The
porter thereupon said:
"Colonel, knowing that you had some
oublo in Kansas and that charges were
ado against you, will you kindly tell
e about it and also something about
o Indians?"
"The difficulty I had was simply the
)jection of the people of Kansas to an.
itsidor taking charge of what they con
Ier a home institution. In addition.
creto there is considerable feeling still
:isting there in regard to the war.
lieso charges against me were so con
Iual that three or four timer the do
rtment sent investigation committees
l of whom were perfectly satistled that.
are was no cruelty, and that everything
is managed satisfactorily."
"I Is the feeling died out?"
"It was only amongst a few and has
itirely died out. As an evidence of
ich there was tendered on my leaving
oint banquet with ex-Governor Charles
ibinson, given by at least one hundred
d fifty of the leading citizens, at which
Linuet 1 received a handsome souvenir.
'hilst greatly interested in the work of
ucating the Indians the duties were
coedingly onerous, and having an ap
uintiment offered in the Depatment of
o Bureau of Labors-the distributing
products which would make my fleki
labor iii Georgia, Ahlbama, Missis
ppli aid Lo uisiana--1i accepted it."
THE WOBK AMONr1LE INDIANS.
''The people would like to know some
iiug of your work among the Indians;
ill you kindly enlighten them?"
"laskell institute is one of the United
tates Indian industrial schools, having
uring my administration three hundred
ipil:+, oio-third of whom were females,
Inging in ago from 12 tb 30 years, re
ding at the institution provided with
verything by the government. The
bject of the institution is to lot indus
ial training go hand in hand with the
uglish language and the fundamental
rinciples of an education. Among the
ades taug it are blacksmithing, caren
ring, shoemaking, farming, tailoring,
c.
''how do they tako to education?"
"They are intelligent when aroused,
id they make remarkable progress in
o English language. They make them
Ives understood and their shop work
of value in a short time."
"After being in the institution any
Qgth of time do they retain their
'acherous nature?"
"TIheir nature is suspicious, not troach
ou15. A fter they give confidence and
>edience for once it is for good. I do
>t recollect a single instance in which
in or woman entbac on a promise
viin the sumperintendenit."
"'What do you consider the main lever
thoe education of the Indians?"
" Undoubtedly the ofl'ct of Christiani-.
upon01 the morals anmd lives of there
opIo. 'is opinion is shared in both
the P.resid,1ent and the Secretary of
e Initerior."
"What becomes of these Indians after
uishing their education?"
"'Some of them retur'n to their people
d become instructors in what are called
ency schmools, others become govern
ant empjloyes at agencies. The mnajori
however, form wlut is known as the
w Iud ian eleimenit, they are the freight
antOd smaell farmers of the agencies,
d aire the ones: who arc now asking a
stri buttion of indian lands in soveraltyr."
"Have you ever visited the Indan'
encies?"
"1 have visited a number of them, met
e chief men in council and went in a
Lmb)er of their camps from tent to
"'Ifaving been among them, wvhat is
ur opinion upon01 the solution of this
>ulesomIe problem?"
'"The middle aged Indian, man or
>man, will have to pass to their grave
it little unpjroved, as they Escom unsus
p)tib)le of imp)rovinig. Th'oi hope of thme
dinrace lies in those under twenty
'e years of ago. .Instances are not un
mmion where older Indians take steps
ward civilization in breaking g'rounds
r farms, bult these are exceptions,
acognizinig this the Government dlirects
attention to the young menan
:>menl of the different tribes, anmd will
idoubtedly solve the question b)y the
mdual extinction of the old Indian '.n
Lo budding citizenship of the young
idians-"
A St. Paul young mani was surprised
Lid shocked the othier day. lHe was
alkinig behind a1 well knQwn lady of
mt city whun a ragged little 1)0y asked
>r live :enits to buiy a loaf of broad with.
hie gave it to huiim. 'Thfen lie ran away,
ut aronnd thle bilock, anid son met her
in and1( tol the samo le1. TIhmen the
>ung man hieard her say, "'I gave you
oe othier icke'l to buy a loaf of bread.
no0w give you five cents in admiration
your gigaiitic gall." The lady moves
"thme highest circles of St. P~aul socie
" and that's the reason her remarks
rprised the listenier.
Soume unknown incendlary attempted to
the house of Mr. Curry, of Laurons
le, on Sunday nIght. Happily the effort
led, or a large part of the towun wouldl
ve been1 destroyed, as Mr. Curry's liouse
>f wool, and joIning it andl in tne ime
te neighiborhood atc many of the same
trial.