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T H K M S : Published ovory Thursday morning. For subscription, fcl.fi? pur annum, strictly in advaneo; for six months, 75 cont?; for four months, 50 cents. ^.('ivcvt?rt?mosit.s iusoi tod m. ono dollar por Htpturo of ono indi or loss for tho first insertion nnd llfty couts for ouch sub sequent insertion. Obituary Notices exceeding live lines, Tributes of Hespeot, Communications of a pomonal character, when admissable, end Announcomcuhs of Candidatos will bo charged for as advertisements. Job Printing neatly and cheaply OXOOll tod. Necessity com pels nu to adhere Strictly to tho requirements of Cash Payments. TEACHERS' COLUMN. -o (I^* Ali communications intended for this column should be addressed to S. P. Stribliutr, School Commis sioner, Walhalla, S. C. Wily should teachers examine their pupils? Beoauso it is necessary to test tile capacity of the pupils, and it is just to;tho pupils, thc teacher and thc patrons. If children were mero re ceptacles of various sizes, capable of growth and contraction, teachers would examine them occasionally lo find out how. much each would bold, and then compare his several ca pacities with previous tests. This would bc a very simule operation and exceedingly satisfactory. Teach ers should examine for the same purpose. Examinations often stimu lates tlic indolent, careless pupil by contrasting his standpoint with thal of Ids fellow student, who has been diligent in prosecuting his studies. Tins composition, exhibits hisdefcets in sud) unmistakable terms that ho is lcd to relied upon the amount of attention and study btv has bestowed upon his duties, both moral and in tellectual. There arc some people whom nothing can reach but a syllogism. How will the following series do? If they aro not made to stand, what better fun. than to knock them all doty ll like a row of bricks? I. Thc schools arc maintained for tho promotion of the best interest of tim State. Tho best interest ol' the State chiclly consists in honesty, intelligence and industry in its citi zens. Ergo: Thc schools arc main tained chiefly for thc promotion of honesty, intelligence and industry. '2. Thc schools are chiefly for tho promotion of honesty, intelligence and industry. Honesty, intelligence and industry aro internal growths, not external applications. Ergo: The schools are childly for thc pro motion of three forms of internal growth. 3, The schools arc childly for tho promotion of three forms of inter nal growth. All stich growth con sists in development. Ergo: Thc work of thc schools is chiclly a work of development. 4. Thc work of tho schools is chiclly a work of development. All works of development depend chief ly upon thc vigor and direction of their first stages. Ergo: The chief work of the schools depends ch ie Hy upon thc vigor and direction of its ti rsl stages. f). Thc chief work of the schools depends childly on the vigor and di rection of its lirst stages. The first stages of school work are conducted by primary teachers. Ergo: Thc chief work of the schools depends chiclly on that part which is demo by primary teachers. (5. Primary teachers do that part of a work of development upon which thc whole chiclly depends. In all works of development the part upon which tin; whole chiclly de pends requires tho greatest skill and carries thc heaviest responsibility. Ergo: Thc work of primary teach ers requires the greatest, skill and carries tho heaviest responsibility. 7. Primary teachers ?lo thc work which requires the greatest skill and carries tho heaviest, responsibility. Those who do such work should re ceive thc highest salaries, Ergo: Primary teachers should receive the highest salaries. 8. Primary teachers should re ceives tho highest salaries. Primary teachers do not receive tho highest salaries. Kryo: Some!bing's wrong. -Aristotle, Hoinco Was a True Hero. A largo crowd of people attracted my attention at G o'clock this even ing on Main street. On going clo ser I noticed that a number of men and women were surrounding a dog, which each and every one of tho crowd was anxious to lavish with at tention and endearing terms more appropriately bestowed upon a fa vorite child than upon an animal. "Conni herc, Konioe, my noble obi dog!" said one woman. "Give ino a kiss: there is a dear." "Ah, Romeo," said another, "it was a pity Johnstown bad not more such noble creatures as you are, and there would not be so many people dead here now." Thc ?log, a beautiful waler span iel, whoso fur was clipped so as to give liim thc appearance of il minia ture lion, stood as quiet and digni fied among thc people as if he un derstood each word addressed to him, taking J.he evidence of appro SAVE YOUR MONEY -?-AND BUY YOUR GOODS -AT TUE BE SMART, BY SELLING YOUR COTTON, RYE, WU IC AT, I M?AS, CORN, OATS, BARTLEY, BUCKWHEAT; POTATOES, PH IT ITS, CARRAGES, CHAIRS, CHICKENS, DUCKS, GEESE, BUTTER, EGGS, M., M., AT THE Charleston House, Otto H. Schumacher, DSiT Good? Packed n.id Delivered Free. Sept ember 19, 1H8?). TEACHER'S COL?MN. i .-1-o-. (?gf*' AU communications intended for this column should ho addressed to S. P. Stripling, ' School Commis sioner, Walhalla, S. C. Pupils who attend school regu larly aro gonerally accounted tho teachers' favorites. Indeed, there is more or less truth in tho assertion and rightly so, too, because Buoh pu pils are always posted as to whore tho lesson may bo found and, in a niajovily o' caces, thoroughly pre pared on the subject matter, in good spirits and huppy. Such pupils de light to do tho bidding of tho teacher. It is therefore reasonable that tho teacher should feel kindly toward the pupil. Wo do not bolievo that a toucher should make bono of ono pupil and flesh of another, but that lie should reciprocate all kindness exorcised toward him by the pupil. Thoro, is no reason why tho best of feelings between tho teacher and pupils should not exist. Any other than kindly feelings aro unnatural, and aro the offsprings of envy, ma lice, hatred or prejudice and should not bo tolerated by tho patrons of tho school. Patrons ure too diffident about their children's welfare. Thoy depend too much on the integrity and honesty of thc teacher, suppos ing that ho will discharge his duty conscientiously and faithfully. This is not a natural consequence. Teachers, like all other men, aro subject to human imperfections and should receive ns much watch-oaro and sympathy os any other avoca tion in life.' ' Our next visit finds us at "Clear mont" sohool/taught by Miss Eu genia Moss. Tho teacher was en gaged in leading her pupils through the intricacies of tho fundamental principles of an education, than which nothing is more difficult to tho teacher. There is moro labor attached to tho instruction of ele mentary pupils than to those more advanced. Miss Moss gives fair pro mise to mako a successful teacher after a fow more years' experience. Next is Miss M. T. Hughs' school, located in Center township, below Bachelor's Retreat. Miss Hughs is one of those teachers who has not kept pace with thc progress of the day. She undoubtedly does the best she knows. All sue!? teachers should study thc late text books, attend the tho Teachers' County Association for their own improvement, and moreover tho patrons of their schools have a right to demand this at their hands. S. P. STKIKT.INO. "Equinoctial Storms." A very common error is thus cor rected by Dr. Louis Swift, of the Warner Observatory, at Rochester, N. Y. : "Thew is no such thing as an equi noctial storm, although people think there is. Why, I suppos? they would call the storms down Eost last week equinoctial Btorms, although wo had fine weather herc, and to day while we have a storm in other parts of the country they arc having fine weather. No, there is no such thing as an equinoctial storm." Tho popular belief is that the "crossing of tho linc" by tho sun on the 22d March and on the 22d Sep tember causes such meteorological disturbances ns to produce storms at those particular times. Tho fact is, as shown by scientists, that thero is no moro change in tho relative po sitions of the sun and tho earth at those scar.oris than at any other. It is shown that "tho approach to and recession from the earth's equator aro steady and progressive move ments and no greater progress is made on ono day than on another." On this subject the Atlanta Even ing Journal says : "There are apt to be storms about tho time the sun apparently "crosses thc linc," and this year they hap pened to occur on tho very day of tho transit. But it ivas not duo to any greater influence over thc wea ther on that day caused by thc posi tions of thc sun and earth than on any other one day. Theta had boon a regularly progressive lessoning of the day or sunshine, and a corres ponding lengthening of the night or darkness, and - tho accumulating changos in temperature produced by this movement caused tho mete orological disturbances or storms. They do not usually occur on the particular day, or even within a week of the so-called "crossing," but aro duo to progressive move ments causing a warmer period about thu time of the vernal equinox and a eoo?or one about tho time of the autumnal equinox," A Letter to Fanners. ATLANTA, Ootober 8.-Chairman Sledge, of tho National Cotton Com mittee of the Farmers* Alliance, with President Livingston, of tho Georgia Atlantic, and Colonol Kolb, Comm i Kui oner of Agriculture of Ala bama, have issued a oall recommend ing a meeting of tho Cotton Ex changes. ?... Tho purpose of tho mooting is set forth in the following letter, wrltton to all the Presidents of S?tate Alli ances, Wheels and Unions of the cotter. States, and tc th? *"Vm?r*' and Labor?is' Union of Amerioa : "Whereas, Recent information of a reliablo nature has roaohed us that a jute combination has been renewed upon a moro extensivo SOP le than formerly, denominated tho A aerionn Manufacturing Company, in whioh perhaps all prinoiple jute bagging manufacturers are interested, by whioh they propose to force on the cotton producer for tho year 1890 their output ; and "Whereas, it is absolutely neces sary that whatever should bo done to prevent the samo must, to bo eflioient, be dono nt tho earliest possible day ; thorefore wo the undersigned, most earnestly request tho Presidents of each Stato Alliance to hayo a dcoi ded expression from Sub-alliances, Wheels and Unions in favor of tho exclusive uso of cotton bagging for tho year 1890, and report' tho same to a convention at St. Louis on De cember 7th next, at 10 A.M.; said convention to bo composed of the presidents of caoh Stato Alliance, Wheel or Union, or such representa tives as they may select, and ono or more delegates from each colton ex change in thc United States to take into consideration and settle thc question of taro on cotton-covered bales, and to establish a standard cotton bagging. "Wo earnestly request tho Hon. Evan Jones, President of tho Farm ers' and Laborers' Union of America, to invite each Cotton Exchange in the United States to send properly accredited delegates to said conven tion, and in tho event of tlio cotton exchanges refusing or neglecting to participate'in said convention then i tho delegates representing the pro ducers shall proceed to fix tho tare and proscribe a standard of cotton bagging, to which all Alliance men will uncompromisingly adhere. "This action is necessary that manufacturers of cotton bagging may be cnablod to supply thc demand at reasonable prices. Lot Sub-alli ances tako action immediately. "L. F. LIVINGSTON, "President S. F. A. "R. G. SLB-OIC, "Chairman Nat. Cot. Com. ?R. F. KOLI?, "Ag. Conir. Alabama." Signs of a Cold Winter. "We arc going to havo an carly fall and a long, cold, hard winter," remarked Samuel Lovelace, an old Jersey farmer, to several friends at the new Washington market yester day. "How do you figure that out?" asked one of the market-men. "In the first place," tho Jorseyman re plied, "just try thc skin of any of your fruit. You will find your ap ples and peaches and grapes, and all your fruit, for that matter, which is home-grown, with a thicker and toughor skin than you havo seen for sovoral years. That is one of thc indications. That is the way nature takes tare of her products. Last winter apples and other fruits wore so thin-skinned and tender that it was hard to gather them, if you will remember, and wo had An extraordi nary mild winter. Corn is another of nature's sign-boards. Tho ears this year arc protected by thioker and stronger husks than I have seen before for years, and talking with farmers up in Pennsylvania I find it is tho samo way. Wheat and rye straw are tougher, hay is wirier, and tho sccd-pods arc botter protected than usual. These are old farmers' signs, and they aro good ones be cause thoy don't como from any inoon-planing superstition, but from aotual observation year after year by a olass of men whose intcicHts lie in kcoping close watch of all of nature's moods."-New York Star. Mrs. Mary Rlack Clayton, a daugh ter of Judge Jorornian lilaok, culls attention to thc fact that Columbus himself inaugurated human slavery in America. On bis first voyage to thc country he sent ?00 natives of San Salvador to Spain lo be sold ns slaves. Cotton Mills In tho South. 1 CHATTANOOGA, Tenn., Ootobor 4. Tho. Tradesman has instituted an exhaustive inquiry into tho ootton 1 mill industry of tho South, and has { reooivod reports from all ' loading mills of tho Southern States. Tho * aotual number of mills in operation < is 889, against 142 in 1880, an in- 1 oroaso of 282 per cent, since tho con- ' sus year. Tho in?rense in mill con- j sumption of raw cotton in tho same 1 period has boon 258 per cont. South Carolina is tho banner Stale ; 182,819 1 halos were consumed in that Stato ' last year, against 120,988 bales in 1 Georgia. Tho consumption of raw 1 cotton in South Carolina has in- * oroased 88 por oent. in two years. j The conoonsus of opinions of load ing manufacturers of tho South in 1 their writton reports to the Trades- 1 ?nara is that tho South possesses ad- ^ vantages over any other portion of 1 Amorion for cotton manufacture in : ! 1. Proximity to raw material. 2. * Superior climat e. 8. Choapor power. ? 4. Lower cost of rout and living. 5. 1 Lower wago scale. 0. Less liability 1 to strikes. 7. Choapor buildings. 8. LOBS expenso for boating mills. ( 9. Saving on freight. * Tho reports show that the South 1 has abundant material of which to ( dev elope an excellent labor forco for ( industry. Nearly all thc labor is na tive, and although tho expansion of industry since 1888 hns oalled for an . increase in tho number of hands, i amounting to fully 200 per cont, 1 there has not been in that period a ] singlo serious striko in ono Southern \ cotton mill town, and but ono of con- i siderable duration in any mill. The i reports also show that vlio operatives ! do not lack a high degree of skill. ( Tho I'radesman has roceivod re- J turns of dividen8 from twenty-five j lending mills in tho South locntod in '. six different Stntcs. These dividons I run between extremes of four and '. twenty-eight per cont and thc average ! of twenty-fivo is 11? per cont per an- \ num. Those twenty-five fairly rop- ; resent thc whole. The Election of Speaker. Tho Washington correspondence ] of the News and Courier hns this to 8ny in referenco to tho approach- . ing election of Speakor : i "Tho members of thc 51st Con gress aro beginning to mnko their appearance in Washington, and tho political gossips aro at work upon their slates in connection with tho \ organization of the House of Ropre- ( sentatives. A few wooks ago tho indications were that McKinley, of Ohio, would be elected to tho Speak ership, and his friends ventured to name tho States that might bo j counted upon to givo him their undi vided support. It appears that the McKinley men havo made numerous mistakes in their calculations, for many of those who woro expected to give him their votes in the caucus openly declare that they arc in fa vor of Tom Reed, of Maine, nnd hnvo been of thnt fnith since tho Inst November election. It was said that thc Pennsylvania delegation was about equally divided between Reed and McKinley, but a majority of the Pennsylvanians who havo vi sited hero within tho past week claim that their delegation will probably vote as a unit for Reed. Tho latter will probably hnvi thc solid support of all the Northern and Eastern de legations, whilo tho Western delega tions arc considerably mixed up by reason of having several rival can didates. McKinloy cannot count upon the solid voto of all tho West ern States, for, with him in the Speaker's chair, certain important committee slates would be broken." Dr. S. J. Rester has brought suit against tho Rasin Fertilizer Com pany, Capt. Georgo R. Donn, Isnno Pndgett nnd various members of tho County Allianco for$IO,OOOdnmngcs. Ile claims that being deposed from the office of business agent has in jured him to thnt nmount. Ho nlso claims pay for his services nnd ex penses incurred amounting to $2,000. This suit grows out of tho Alliance troublo that dovoiopod iast spring. For certain reasons tho County Alli anco turned Dr. Hester out and elected Captain Donn in Iiis placo. The Doctor felt ngiievcd by thia ac tion and thought ho had boon un fairly troated and he has brought this nwxl.- Spartanbury Spartan. ? ? It is not lawful to shoot birds un til tho first day of November, Hold your fire and koop your dogs bnok until thnt day, Prlinus Jones 'Wants Fifty Acres to tho Mi?Ie. In conversation tho other day Pri mus Jones, the "first halo man," of Georgia, said : "Five years ago I started out to io what no man in Georgi? has over Jone---to raise fifty bales of cotton to tho plow. I wanted to have the Honor of doing moro than any other Farmer in tho State. And I am get ting noaror and noaror my hope. This year I have already gathered twenty bales to tho plow, and I am Hardly moro than half dono. My neighbors say ? haven't pioked halt ny orop, but I think that what I lavo left will run my crop to thirty Ivo or more bales to the plow. "I would not take $1,000 for my )rofit on oaoh mule I plow," said Mr. Jones. "I have 400 aoros and viii raise 800 halos. I rim eight )lows ; no tenants ; I hire o very land on the farm. My orop is tho Inest I have over seen. I shall raise orty bales to tho plow next y oar, ind if I live I will roaoh tho fifty nark yot." Tho Colonel has a peculiar kind of ?otton he has propagated, of whioh 1,250 pounds in seed will yield 500 lounds of lint. Another good quali fy; of his cotton is that tho wind loos not blow it out of tho bolls. Tho Greenville Enterprise and Mountaineer, in giving tho procecd ngs of Court, says ; Tho first ouse .ried was S. B. Crawley vs. Spartan Berry. This was an action for olaim ind delivery of a horse. Tho testi mony went to show that Dr. Crawley ind Mr. B?rry swapped horses. Crawley paid Mr. Berry $10.00 on the difference that was agreed upon IB boot between tho two animals, and promised to pay tho other soon. Mr. Berry olnimcd a balance due of iiOO.OO and Dr. Crawley $80.00. Mr. Berry wanted to ruo and Dr. Craw ley would not and an arbitration was agreed upon. The orbitrators mot at Mr. Berry's, and Mr. B?rry's ar bitrator refused to act. Tho horse Dr. Crawley obtained from Mr. Ber ry was hitched in tho latter's yard and Mrs. Berry took tho animal and put it in their stables. The action was for tile recovery of th6 horse. A mistrial was ordered. Tho jury 9tood six for ono and a half dozen for tho other. JOHNSTOWN, PA., October 6. With tho thermometer about the Freezing point there is a great deal of suffering hero these nights by peo ple who aro improperly sheltered and poorly clothed. Tho relief money which was intended to support their necessities, e n if paid at once, will low como too late to bo properly ap plied in providing ngoitiBt tho blasts sf winter. Clothing that was on liand when tho commissary depart ment shut down has been transferred to tho Red CrosB Society, by whom it will bo distributed to tho needy. There have hoon a great many deaths hore within tho past week, and most of them have been superinduced by ailments contracted in the flood. In the Red CroBs hospital there aro now twenty-two cases of typhoid fover, most of them being strangers in town. Tho Washington correspondent of tho Neto York Times says: "Tho Government printing oftico has com pleted tho immense work of printing tho testimony in the contested elec tion cases, which will como dp for settlement boforo thc 51st Congress. Following are the titles of the cases: Chambers against Morgan, Missis sippi ; Langston against Venable, Virginia; Waddill against Wise, Virginia; Posey against Parrott, In diana ; Miller against Elliott, South Carolina; Bowon against Buchan, Virginia; Kcrnagan against Ilookor, Mississippi; Thrort against Clark, Alabama; Atkinson against Pendle ton, West Virginia. McDuflie against Turpin, Alabama; Rill against Catch ings, Mississippi ; Goodrich against Bullock, Florida; Eaton against Phelan, Tennesseo ; Mudd against Compton, Maryland ; Foatherston igainst Cate, Arkansas; McGinnis igains Aidorson, West Virginia; Smith against Jackson, Wost Vir ginia. Addlopato: "Aw! You havo in sulted me, sir. Awl my fwiond will call upon you. Your card, sir, please Aw." Rohe?.ian : "Givo you my oard? [ should say not. You would stick t in your looking-glass to delude fou,v land-lady into thinking you r?oro acquainted, with a gentleman." | KE?WEE COURIER, -H8TA?Lt8IIKI> AT Old ?ckens iii 1840, .--MOVRD TO- AV?," Walhalla in 1868. Destroyed by Fire June 21st, 1887. Re-Established August i S 1887. " < '-?-. Transplanting Tree?. Tho best tinio to transplant any trco ia in the fall of tho yoar, after growth has entirely coasod, and the trco has become absolutely dormant. It ia then comparatively insensible to tho necessary cutting of i*s roots and branches. It knows nothing, so to speak. In the spring it only die covers that it has be?n kidnapped, and experiences some shortness of breath by reason of its pruned roots and branches, but soon makes thc best of tho situation and goos ahead, growing. Tho main reason why transplanting in thc fall is best is contained in tho above remarks. If tho work is deferred until spring, tho earliest action of tho roots, which oc curs long before tho ?nd of frost, is interfered with. With many treoi, root growth becomes aotive before there is any sign of vogotation ou th? trco above. Tho removal of tho tree during this period defers and weakens this first effort of tho treo, whioh may involvo its life. Shortening in tho top of a tree in transplanting is a matter of the first importance, and tho neglect of it ac counts for the loos of many trees, or for their slow and unsatisfactory growth. The roots and top should bo cut baok in about tho samo pro portion with such trees as the water oak, or tho top made sm aller than tho root. When the roots aro neces sarily cut, and thc tree transferred to now quarters, it is plain that the shortened roots cannot perform their natural functions as carly as thoy would otherwise, and that they can not for some timo at least, send up food for thc tree above to any appre ciable ext ent. A new root system has to be formed, and during tho time takon for this there must not bo muoh demand for nourishment by tho trco abovo tho ground, olso tho roots will fail to supply it. Heroin lies tho im portance of olosoly pruning tho top, With I:- BOIO^ troc8> ti*0 rl,l? should . jjff tho entire top, loavinl -I tho trunk but a strait 1 ot three feet high. Tho roi t(bo out smooth and well spiv, ' Dig %?^J ' " ?recs simply sufiioiont to contain aTTTfio roots loft upon thom, and in all oases, at least throe foot in dinmotor and two foot dcop. Fill in and plant tho roots in top soil. Buck? ets of wator poured violently into tho hole while filling in will botter settle tho earth among tho roots than oau be done by paoking with tho foot. Trees, as a rulo, should bo sot slightly doopor in tho ground than thoy grow boforo hoing removed. It is a groat mistake to manure a newly sot trco with Btablo manure or other hcat-gonovating substance. Ashes, lime, bones and woods earth. aro tho best fertilizers for trcos. Stable manure has killed many a. newly sot tree. Wo aro not awaro of any roason why these principios and rules should bo varied with tho wator oak and white ash.- Cotton Plant. Dick Turpin Outdone. Claude Duval, Dick Turpin and Black Bart havo figured >'n many a romantic story, but .Tohn .Mitchell, thc Minnesota highwayman, boats thom all. Mitcholl was recently locked up in tho State reformatory at St. Cloud. Ho is a remarkably handsome and dashing young follow of about twonty summers, and Mrs. Sands, thc jailer's forty-year-old wife, lost hoi* heart tho moment sho saw him. Just how tho affair was managed is not known, but ono dark night last week Mitcholl made his escape with thc lady and #50 of the jailor's monoy. Every effort was made to capture tho fugitives, but it is believed that they aro safoly concoalod somowhoro in Canada. Highwaymen have broken jail bc foro, and escaped full-handed, but it is a now kink to find ono daring enough to carry off tho jailer's spouso. It is very ovidont that our sensa tional story writers havo not yet ex hausted ail the possibilities in their lino of work. Their most thrilling li et i on s aro tamo by tho sido of young Mitchell's brilliant exploit. A Hound Legal Opinion. H. Kalnbihigo Munday, Ksq., county attorney, Clay county, Tox., says: .Ihwo used Klcotrlo Mitlers with most happy results. My brothor also wa? very low with malarial fovor and Jaun dice, but wa? cured hy timely uso of this medi cino. Am sattsftud KIcctrlo nit toT saved lila lifo." Mr. l). 1. Wllcoxson, of Horse Cavo, Ky., adda a Uko testimonial, (saying: "Ho posltfvoly be hoves he would havo died, had lt not neon for Electric Hitters." This great remedy will ward ofT, as well aa euro all malarial diseases, and for all kidney, liver and stomach disorders stands unequalled, prico BOO. and ft at Norn sn Drug Co.'s dmtj