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II riCKKNS COURT HOL'SK, S. C. SATURDAY, FEJfflrAllY 4 . ik?.I ^=1 ; , - - ^ ( . ??? ? * VOL. XI. NO. 27. IT ^JUiU U From (lie Uii-lurioiul Dispatch. Beooptioa of ths Commissioner from South CarolinaADDllKHS ttKJOilE TIIK GKNKUAI. A8SKMJULY. Tho LfjflKlatuvo assembled yesterday at 12 o'clock, n?d the day being appointed to hour f'roua tho Hon. Ohrwtoplior tf. Memmingcr, (Vnnmifwumcr from South Curoliua, the views held by him in connection with his mission to tins rttufc, none ot tho ordinary legislative business was transacted. A large crowd, exclusive of ladies, packed the galleries densely, while hundreds of tho fair Hex woro forced tolcavo the Capitol, unable to obtuin nuy location whatever. The Senato Came into the hall of the IIoUhc at i'-J o'clock, and with the Governor, i/icutenunt Governor, Secretary of SUto, the Judioiury nnd other high digmtaries, completely filled up the body of the House. tJport tho nvriviil of tho diatinguirh?d visitor, all pro-jent roso and remained 8tandin" until (). M flmtiilifii'lil tlm SJk.i.. o ] ? v"" i'^"Kcr; hud officially received him. lie introduced to that officer by M. It. II. Keale, menibor of tho Senate, 31 r. Crutchlicld bjIhi: It is a pleasant duty 1 perform of introducing you to tho members of this Legislature, both on their behalf nnd on behalf of tho po.oplo they represent. Tho pleasure of tho occasion, sir, is increased by the recollections of tho reception by South Carolina of our representative?that distinguished non of Virginia, Benjhmin Watkins Jjotgh. I will venture but 0110 expression ?*??%? La /?! irt ' iuvii juu iimij 11^ uuuiv iu juur ouiiUj unu that is, that whether the ship of tho Confoderation shalljtbunder or not, Vnrginin sliull sink or swim with her sister, South Carolina. I need not assure von, air, that you will receivo tin attentive booting, and that tho most deliberate nttontion will bo giveu to tho voice of South Carolina. Mr. Menuningcr then took his place on tho platform behind the railing enclosing the Speaker's chair, and preceded to address the Legislature as follows : Mr.Spfrnker, and gentlemen of tho Senate and lloiiso of Delegates : When the Athei.ian orator ascended the bona, to address tho jujople of Athens, it was his custom to invoke iiiu sua turn oie.sttwig ot tlie uuKnown Uotls of I liis countrymen. (fow much mor?V, docs it | become uk to invoke that being wlib h:u* been i mado so much clearer to us iu later 3ronrt;, to | follow the example of the heathen, and to go beyond him in asking the aid of the Supreme Being, in coming to Vteht judgment in the mutters before us. I ao humbly invoke that nid. Iloforc 1 procecd, gentlemen, l' Ijiig leave to offer to the Governor and authorities of your State, in behalf of South Cutylina, liiy profound acknowledgement, for the great .....1 : > * - iimvi niuuuvon tuvvnuu uy uic siiutc , . |ii* arrival hero. If thia mission roRult in nothing else, it will teach tho States of thia Confederacy, that they nrc sovereign powers, nnd can receive nnu deliberate on messages from each it' o.*, but I tru:<t, bofore I have dono, t)uit I shall show that thoro is something ^else to bo neeompliahed, and that* there are reasons for taking the action which I shall urge upon your * co'iiHulerution. [The Clerk of tho House of Delegates, at thtt request of Mr. M., read the resolutions of the .South Carolina Legislature, sending a Commissioner to this State, which have been published.] As these resolutions import tho objoct of my mission, may bo chewed under three heads. | 1st. To oxpross tho cordial sympathy of South Oatxdiua with Virginia in the oxistiug circumstance#. 2d. To Communicate the dcBirc of South Carolina to unite with Virginia, in mojisurea for thoir common defenco; nnd, 3d. To roquwtfc Virginia to appoint for a conference of tho Southern States, and t?? send delegates thereto. The first of these dutio-? 1 'have discharged with the greatest satisfaction. Surely thoro is no Stuto to which all owo aw much as to Virginia. Sho contributed 'more in miud and matter to tho greatness of the Union than any other. To her gf.eat men we mvti inn utroriy, ior u vvum my wno i)iw oroKe our shackles; and suroly the names of Waah ington, nnd Jefferson, and MudiriOU, OfO 1ml1<>\vo(1 in tin' memories of all. Besides, in tho foundation of the Confederacy, Virginia being in the centre, wus better ouulified to maintain hor position than niiy other St?t?-. Holding in her band ovtii*y oloment of national . greatpesflj-she surrendered licr Western territory to nmke up tho great new of the Union. ^ TllftPrt id lint n limn rain oKmil.l nnt """ "I ' . ..?.v ... .*v? r?im?a f( i?vr oiiuiiiu liuu iv)^UIU iici as n mother State. Yet what do wo see 'i~ 8ho him Won singled out fof attnok, while her c.iti/eiix ill umbered in pofceo. While who had mirrondored all her power for protection to the Fvdoval Government, in tho do??l hour of nitfht, in the mountain*, wMro no oncmiy hut - < tho wild tuvagc had over appeared, ft worse cm-niv thim that aavago appears. Wo believed ourselves Kcouro, hut tlio first sound of thtyt din on ?n tho mountains tulls us to look to ourselves for security. Is If. surprising 11 i - ? ..! - :?? ? '? mok jM-nv.'Mtu viii'.igo in nit motfUinina w<w ' 7 M?rpvi-*fl'( U w only wonderful that thoy ''SS^ve ('" ns we" ?# they did, aud, catching up fuic.h wcaportt? an could, bo found in u iHsaocfni community, bcou\v within a wall tho invader* until they were fcukon prisoners. y\V <vof Mouth Carolina looto on this oh a blow nt the whole Houth. You wcro <?> tho frOjimfiP, and had vou not atood there, another tftito would li*ye reoeivcd'it. Wo fWltUat your f.toudly fdmld worded it off from uh, .nd tlmt owiujj yon our sympathy and tfrfltiiro hound to afcuid by yow, ?ad oouie in for iwrt ftrid p*r*A of thq dortgsr m woll ?k t1?o bounty. And nothing would JK**| ' pW-Jon? young ui-w bettor than n tqwton J of h clutJ - ? different from that 1 notr fulfil. vum ?*,vj IH'W iii n.i rv wU*, hut it? iHtvnn.u^. V, '^Mi.jj.lwk, too, . ':/-. \ .v,V. . v( ',, ,/ > -iv , ' >.-> J,,lV vuu me slaves, every ono of whom, on hearing tho alarm guu, would flook to it. Thoy believed that the non-slaveholdors wero di?loyal, and would rush to their flag, and tint a Bervilc war would ensuo. We therefore bolievo that this was a serious matter, and it is thought that you have been firm in your purpose, and j taken the forfeited lives of those felons, that staid it. Hut these forfeit lives do not fuf- ; tie.c for the lives of your citizens who fell.? j mit it is farther thnn this that wo must look, | ami it is ill this view that we ask to make a common cause with you against theso inroads ' on onr institutions. In taking this course, j we do not assume to dictnte to you your action, nor do we supposo that we can enlighten you in the matter of your own defence. You asked no aid from any quarter, and we should fall far short of our purpose hud we so intended. But wo believed wo shot;id conic forward in tho matter, and declare all I have said. We are urged by still higher considerations. Von remembered us in our hour of difficulty ; for we, too, have h'td our trials. Many here ! arc old enough to remember the occasion.? ! We had opened a difficulty with tho Federal j (lovcrnment in 1832, and you scut a distinguished gentleman from your midrit and made proposals which were similar tothoso we now make to you ; and to show this Assembly how deeply wc nrc indebted to Virginia, 1 will 1 take lenvo to read to you the objcctB and results of that commission. [Hero the Clerk rend tho action of Virginia in sending Benj. Watkins Ijcigh to South Carolina, at the timo of her impending diflioultv with the Federal (iovornimmt.1 You will see that Virginia undertook a very kindly office for South Carolina, in a case in which there was a great diversity of opinion among her own citizcns. Sho had proceeded to nullify h federal article of law, and was about to support it by an appeal to arms, when Virginia nout lior Commissioner to defer this nulliiioation. Upon arriving there he wroto to the Governor to ask tho re-asscmbling of tho Convention which had adopted the nullification resolutions, in order that the Virginia resolutions he brought might be submitted to it. Tlie Governor replied, that thcro was nobody then in oxistanco that could con Hitler tho Virginia resolutions, niul recommonded that they sliouid bo submitted to the President of tho Convention It is dona; tho President writing that lie would do great injustice to Virginia and South Carolina, . ho tailed to comply, and authorizing the Governor to say to Mr. Leigh that ihe Convention would be re-assembled. Tho Convention met, deliberated on the subject, uud the result of thoir action was an ordinanco declaring that as Congress had provided for a reduction of tho duty, &o., that tho nullification ordinance .should liiivo 110 force. The mediation of Virginia had a do"Mo effect both on Congress and on South Carolina, and the South Carolina Convention adopted a resolution thanking Virginia for her friendlv art. and oxnroKsiii<r . I "O to .the Uovornur of Virginia the BiitiHfnctum with which it regarded the nction of Mr. Leigh. Such wan tho. effect of this mission, nnd such wan the spirit in which South Cf n lina rcocivcd it. It in ucccsfl.iry to review sonic of your notions to show that our course now is tho some ns pursued by you towards ns; nnd now in the day of troublo of tho whole South, we take tho course iuitiated by you in tho troubles of that day. We are all aware that South Carolina, with other States, decided that if tho Wilniot Proviso was adopted sho would secede, fstio supposed that she was following in the direction of the whole of the Southern States, and called a Convention again, and was prepared alone to go out of tho Unioo, though there wan a largo minority in tho St?te opposed to this action. She was again met hy resolutions from tho State of Virginia, that State accepting tho compromise of 1850 as an adjustment, white South Carolina regarded thorn us an aggravation. Virginia passed resolutions declaring that, regarding tho said acts of Congress as au adjustment, she' deemed it unwise to send delegates to a Southern Convention, and earnestly appealed to her sister States to desist from thier move meut. Our State took a different view ; yet, ! when your resolutions came, when your request to South Carolina to desist came, what took place'( The secession Convention met? two-thirds of the moinbera of which favored disunion, yot these two-thirds delivered over their power to the minority. Our prominent men had canvassed the State, informing tho peoplo of Virginia's courao, and when the Convention met it deemed it inexpedient to secede. Now, gentlemen of the Assomhly, we have waited for you e?>vcn years. We foltkwmrc.d that the wave <ff fanaticism, surging against our battlements, would not be turned back/but would sweep over our turrets; imd tlio next; ohange in the drama wom tho scono ?t ltarper'8 l?'erry. It' *obl ns that wn must come back to Virginia. It told um that the wuyo hud swept ovor the summit, nod wo have ootno to ftsk you if you will meet us in conference. Can you resist it ? We do not pro>W our opinions on you, execpt as a matter for conference. It is rij^ht that all parties should hnvo thoir opiitipns. Wo n?k for it confercnccof tho .Southern States, nnd whatever they on; we will abido Now. gentlemen, while we present this requost wo do not wish you to do what yonf judgment doow not npprovo of, n?d I prococd to try to | convince you that the courso wo urge in wh?t! your judgment will npprovo. . 4 The Harper'? Foriy affair now rino#into un-1 T.. .1: ? *1 ? 1 uvi vtlwv- ? ? ?>?!> W??0I5U |>||U BjriiijHUUJO 'I" ! not. appear in thoir fitij violence at onoe. Tho ! house on lire isflyst known by thjJr flames creeping through the orannio* of thn building.-? I?y them; know that tho building i? in nttmpu. una if. m r?r that wo enouia at. once dooide whether it oan be Bim-d or whether wo hK?1I abandon it. We 8ce Marpor'a Foiry hm a syinpt^i, ar,d should donl with it q? gfratoajpen doal with Hueh outbvoaku on tho body politic. For J?v part, >4* when ' you oxwiiime oil the <-)rcurm.tanec? crmueo.hv! will* if, tho** Ho Una, ^ it r<r * w>v, stl' it up as a standard there to show you how far you can disregard these symptoms. It is 11 sort of Nileotiictor, to show that the water is rising, and if you head it not it will overflow the country, llow many men contributed to this attack ? llow ninny knew of its existence ? J low many were engaged in this plan to imbiuo their hand* in tl?? lilnml of hIsivh. holders ? It is the object of statesmen to deal with absolute foots?wo have thoin, and have certain proof that tliero must hnvc been many nmu in those Northern regions of the country who knew of thin intended attack.? Who spoke ? Who gave notice A single voice, and that disregarded, and the matter broke in upon us as a thunder cloud, and shewed you an advance of tho feeling agaiiibt the South that no man could hjtvo believed, except for this movement. What happened after? Wc sun i: fpi>liin? of b?>nr??il.w ..ti T - -- - n ?> v over the North. Counsel coining from a distant oil)*?tlie " Athens " of tho country? to defend the murderer. Now, we arc not surprised to seo men volunteer to defend traitors j but to see men volunteer to defend murderers who had plotted the assassination of innocent families, is unheard of in the annals of jurisprudence.* Well, you take these men and bring them to trial. How ? Quietly as VOU would nnv other offenders nurainst vnnr laws? You find Indications of such u charnctcr as to force you to bring out the military power of the State to keep at bay the sympathizers of the murderers. And when you execute them, a voice of lamentation is heard, ns if Latimer and ltidley were about going to tho stake. You henr hells tolled all over the North, nnd to the discredit oi our institutions; (for I regard this matter as a discredit to our ...I I- ' ^ ? ' wuuic country ; ) you seo ottered 1 u one of our State Legislatures a resolution to ndjoura in honor of John Brown, -which f;>ilo?l by only three votes. 1 say these are indications which yon cannot put aside. iSyoty village bell tolled was a voico proclaiming to Virginia this is the feeling which surrounds \;s here. We all know that familiarity with scenes divests them of their real character; and to a man daily standing benenth the falls of Niagara, I dare say, in a few weeks, he will begin to regard it as the ordiimry passago of water down a stream, You, in Virginia, have heard so much of the affair, that, it seems to be magnified. Look at it from another point? set it across tlio water. {Suppose that the explosion nt the opera house in Paris? intended to destroy tho Emperor, had been landed by every English paper. Suppose it had succeeded, and simultaneously there had appeared in every English paper an avowal of the act, a tolling of bells m the English villages and a motion to adjourn in the English Parliament. Does any man suppose that the French nation would have abided that ono hour ? Would the French armies have stood still ono moment ? Yet, here we arc in the same position. It may be said that liOuis Napoleon was a tyrant, that ho hud seized the sceptre of his country, and he might havo been maligned as wc are at the North. Does any one suppose thnt the English nation would not havo been treated as outlaws by the civilized world r The Legislatures of tho North iu applauding this act are guilty of its commission, and show that they arc willing to take the same stand. IJut this is not all. We have still further developments. Shortly after this nflfuir took place, there were elections at the North, and every Southern man supposed that tho people thcro would recoil from the net; and at tlieNew York election we were told that it would bo shown now that only cxtrcmo men ondorsed it, and tho people at the polls would condemn it. It turns out that t.lie nhrklitSniiik'td ??> <> oiw nnnnnli <> /I, ";n ?" both par*los. Still later, id oortgrcfs, we hoc 104 moji voting in solid column for n man who signed tho endorsation of a boof< urging revolution ut tho South, and who will make no retraction of the J>ct; and though miiny ballots havo tokon plaeo, and our friends are going from banner to banner, they stand flftu, and wuit to see if we will be reduced to submission. Now, gentlemen, I havo entered into this matter tbahow you that we nre obliged to review our relations with tho North. That if this matter pass, hundreds will follow in tho footsteps of those whom you have driven from vour borders. I havo cndnnvm-prl tn na<>i>r. tain if tliia is tho normal condition of tho Northern body politic, or a temporary disease. For the one tlioro is a romcdy of one kind, hut the permanent diseaso retjuires very different action. When this government wns for mod, there were seven, non-alaveholdinc States?your own?owned that mngniflcent country in the West. So that the non-slaveholding States had only two States to bo added to their border, and wo had nil tho rest. Maino and Vvvmont wero tho only two to bo added to the ivorth, whereas in our portiou there wero all the States this 8ido of the Mississippi river not included in tho purchase of Louismna. IIow happens it we are now in tho minority ? As you nre aware, tho first mnVAmOni flinf. ilivusfml na ftf fiii'i'fi.m'u iit.io tho rcsolutionsof 1784. [Hore was rend Mr. Jefferson's resolution* proposing to oedo Vlrpinia'a wcstoi'u pwsessions, ond providing that involuntary Sdrvitudo should not oxist therein.] Every Houtlicru Stato refused to adopt the resolutions, and nn motion of North OhroJinn tho restriction was ntricken Out. Vir ginin in ceding this territory, expressly provides thot every 8 to to formed out-of it nhould be equal with the other Staton of the Union. The not of c??oion wa? doted 17* 4. The c>fhbr Stotca referred to caice into tho Union with tho Southern State*?, and a? an net of eonccKsion, Cohgresa passed a law providing that there ; should not bo slavery it) them, (VirginiV* ceded territory <) provided, always, that fugitive hIhvch might bo lawfully reclaimed.*'? NowJ this la\v was illegal, beennno no liimlatiou could 1dc put on tho new frtatea; but it wa0 put in, and, for llnlon's aako, Virginia mi.: 1^!- .% > i- * ut' v |-i i j. ins ocing ?no chso, w?o rcsmtoi ttie cession wits, that we ???</ nP <*?'' po*****ion of .Ohio, Triilinim., THinois ?ml Wteoortayi,and merely rwnrftd K<mt<*akyy T?w-A&o, '^SPrF' W0' >- : - Alabama and Miseiwuppi. The North only piiYo two States, Vermont and Mainoj and while Virginia and the South gave up oil the lands in those States ceded to the T'liion, if is , worthy of remark that the North reserved to 1 herself the right to those in her States. We rrnvn ill's ni'nwHi???/? ? -- - (I ,, , un:^ JJJIIVO up noiiling. I The sales of the public lands have amounted | to $150,000,Out), of which tlu-v, as veil lis ! we, have reaped the benefit. Suppose that ! in these new States} the local law of slavery I had existed. How would wo have stood? ; There would have been fifteen slave States, ! with HO Senators and 122 liepreKentativcs, i while "the North would only huvo had nine | States, and a proportionate representation.? ; Therefore, if the law of slavery had followed I the cession, we would have had HO Senators to their 18, and 122 HcprcseiJtatives against j their 'J2. I bring this to view to shoto that I tho fijouth has always been ready to concede I io nuu maintain the I nion. Wo hail these means and we voluntarily gave tliem tip.? "When I say wn, 1 mean the South, Virginia being the chief donor of the territory. The next acquisition of territory was in April, 1808, by purchase from ["'ranee, the non| slavohnlding States then having a majority of I one. The States that were to come in were | two for the South and seven for the North, j the result giving the North fourteen and the ! South ton. When the acquisition of Lnuisii ana wan made, we agreed that the local law of | mat - vritory should remain in force, and thr, law provided for slavery. II thnt law lim been applied, tho South would again have acquired a vast predominance over the North. She would hove had a numerical majority, and the only addition which the North could have had was Maine, which was about being admitted in the Union. It then became of vast importarico to create another difficulty. They saw the power about to depArt from them, and when Missouri came up for admission the fitftoirglc was renewed. No, this was no fanatical opposition. Fanaticism had not then commenced. It was fl T-... - 1 '1 XT ' .. v.vm*.ni, mi puwcr, jnm uic j.\onncrn majority in Congress refused to admit Missouri. They were equal ?vith us and their action looked to power for liio future. It was n determination on their part to hold the control of tho country, when, unfortunately for the South, a voice came from her for a compromise. Now, a compromise should be something in which both parties tnnko n concession. This was not .such an one. The South proposed that a line should be drawn at 30-30, and that all the territory North of that should be given up to free-soil institutions : but no provision was made for territory this side. As the matter then t>ood, I the North trained Wisnnii?i?i Tovr.i irtnrv,... Nebraska and Kansas, and tlio youth only Missouri, Arkansas and a port of the Indian territory?the last of which is yet to be tested. We gave ground whero giving ground whs destruction, and gave the North a sufficient number of* our voters to produce the result we are now feeling. [The letter of Jefferson, written in 1820, relative to the Missouri Compromise, to which he alludes to tho ominous signs of the times, striking our ear liko a "lire bell in the night," saying that " a geographical lino once conceived and held up for the passions of men can never be obliterated," and that he considered if tlin lm/'ll rvf* .1 T v* buv v. uiwii, h<;o uigii iv-au.j You observe the remarkable language of Mr. Jefferson. Is that not prophecy'( lias not every word been realized 1 That line has now begun to be traced in tiro, and part iu blood. The line was drawn, but we supposed that it would not be marked in tho soil, and we left it. Fifteen years afterward there began to tinkle a little bell, which has grown louder and louder, till its clanging may he heard all over the Union. It is the bell of fanaticism. In 183") petitions began to bo 'presented to Congress for the abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia. They were met, I am sorry to /, as our Southern men too otton meet those movements? by a compromise J)o tlioy not sec that this if but the entering wedge, and that it will go fur to effect slavery throughout the country ? Congress determined that these men had a rijrht to petition. Now, if England and France were in alliance, would there be a rip-ht for tho subject of 0110 to petition against the institutions of tho other? Is there not a condition implied, that if England does not like tho Government of France, she shall not interfere with it? Was not that the principle in which our I'nion was founded, and yet Congress admitted theso petitions and laid them on the table, saying that they had no right to go further, tnorc giving a foothold to that agitation, which has since shaken tha country. Jt is important in this aspect of all'airs, to know that it was foreseen by thoso on our outposts. I will bring to your attention the effort in tlio Senate by Mr. i^alhouu, in 1888, to stop theso fanatical interferences, and tlio results ho predicted wotjjd follow. [A portion of ono of Mr. Calhoun's speeches on tlio right of petition, was here read, in which ho contend* that the South was degraded by tho reception of such petitions by Congress, and that if its legitimate consequence en?uvd, she could not stay in tho Ijdipn.] Can any commentary on theso words bo stronger than the proceedings of the recent in the city of llofton, in which wc nrc told that fclmv fthn .?5?tnniA hud tmccedcd in producing thy result* wliic.. the profit prophet hi.-d foretold ? In author 11111 "t' the same ftpceeh Mr. Oidhonn said that ho w working at the bottom of these movements a Hpirit of perHocution wldoh hnd drenched the UhJtftiJpn world with Mood two eontnric* ago. Now, this wart in 1838.? What was tho first fruit Of this ngitutiyn ?W Mr. O.dboun Inid described U as "one man undertaking to judge the dutier< of another," The Gr*t. bond broken was the <'hrUti?ii - T " " 7*77 union, ihnt Hontimout *vi;iiih unites? a uino to his neighbor hi fVlbwitfiip with his God.-H first lnfulo tho'^ti of thg North j?y that thr-y would not roumin in Christian botitto ' nut? shvchoidere. The meok follower* of A x %>' 1 the Son of God, who, in Giillilcc and Judefl, looked down upon territories lillcd with slaves?Hoy, whoso first act was to give up, good mid sound, a slave to his Human muster. The followers of this lowly upostlo say that they cannot hold friendship with the holders of slaves, nor wor,shin with them at u coni, iium altar. Do thejWot profess that the JJiI hie k- common to us all, and have they repu uiHieu Mitnt 1'aui himself; ami it i'uxil could take a fugitive slave lie lisul converted, and send him back to his waster, could not they i Surely, if in a region like the Hoinan Kmpiro with milliofis and millions of slaves, there could bo union from the Euphrates to the pillars of Hercules; if Vandals, Cloths and Ostra-Goths could live in ouo community, how domes it that we cannot rest in America with men of one race, and with common institutions? You can see that this fanaticism effects the whole under current of society, and is it to be supposed that those who reject our Union in religious matters, on account of it, will go with us in other matters. Do you not see that what Calhoun prophesied, has come r ue said that " tho doladed agitators must he toid thai our institutions are no affair of theirs." Now, I sha'l presently .show that instead of these agitators being told thin, we have surrendered at discretion. We have now shown the admixture of fanaticism with the element of power, and we shall now show the. combination of the two. The admission of Texas was the i^ext great point raised in the history of the country.?. Texas had been refused admission to the Union by several 1'residents, and the time that it was brought distinctly to notice was in 1 O I - \ * ? * * ' 10-tu, wijcn u was soon tnat JMi^lana had i taken notice of the opposition. Tlie World's Convention met in London, and New Kngland sent representatives to it. The great desire of the World's Convention was to extinguish shavcry, and it proposed to Lord Aberdeen to Make a loan to the Republic of Texas, provided the money should be used to abolish shivery in the Southern States? j that uepublie being on their border. There whs u debate in Parliament, in which Lord Brougham called attention to the position of Texas and its capacities, and reeonimended to unite with it in the abolition of shivery in other American States, lie inquired of Lord Aberdeen what the Ministry had done i on the subject. Lord Aberdeen replied that I ho could not open tho correspondence to the House, but that England was endeavoring] to bring about a satisfactory solution of the question. Again do we owe our preservation to Virginia. .fust then .John Tyler took his seat. The man who had filled the office before him, and who would have carried out Lord Brougham's views, whether he knew them or nut, had been set aside by the people, and the providence of God had elevated Mr. Tyler. John Tyler called Abel Upshur, a distinguished son of Virginia, to his councils.? They entered into correspondence with the Minister of Texas, but just when tho plan j was uetng consummatcu a mysterious providence removed Mr. Upshur by the explosion on board the Princeton. John 0. Calhoun took bis place, and in fourteen days the treaty with Texas was signed and ready for execution. This treaty not only rescued Texas from abolitionism, but if Lord Brougham was right, rcscued tho whole South. Hut these gentlemen who made the treaty could not execute it. .Inst then a Presidential nomination was to tako place and this great question entered into it. Mr. Van Jiurcn and Mr. Clay ' came out 011 the same against the admission of Texas, and the treaty failed. But there arose a voice of indignation throughout the land which resulted in the destruction of both these men. The change was so great that at tho uoxfc Congress the treaty was rati lied, only j three days before President Tyler vacated his I I olfcee. The next president desired to recall the messenger with the treaty, hut it wpB too ! late. Texas was then admitted, and the act j of admission provided that she might ho divided into fivesiavo States. At flint time there were twenty-six States in the Union?the ! North and South having thirteen each?and | out of territory there were five to bo Added to i the North. They already hud-a majority of J the House of liepresentativcs and there was no further need of an addition to their power, I C i. 1 ? ~ - 4 * - . a 1 ! 1 1 * ? 1 * ? ii uim Mitt*; 01 uungs nnu rcmameu, ine balance of power would have been continued; but, unfoituootely, tho next year the Mexican \y.ir took place, and the Wiluiot Proviso was attached to nn appropriation bill providing that no money should bo expended for the ao (position of territory from Mexico in whiph wlavery should exist. Southern Htatesmen were opposed to acquiring more territory, but were overruled. ami 11 if iinvf, u-!i< whether the territory for which the South hud fought should ho denied to her citizens: whether, a iter-sending our men to the plains of Mexico, fighting it.s armies and assailing its fortresses, tho North should ? y to us, you are slaveholders, yon cannot enter hero. Well ?ni<jht the South moke n stand against this. Tho Wilniot Proviso was only defeated by mnnwuvoring in tho Senate, for it did pass in the IIouso of Representatives, in form ; but l.n ii./> i.iii i ?nv/ uvinnv- i\iuuiWI ?nw t* J ?|M\t ^ I Iit l>l\J U Mill without tho Proviso, and it p:is*ed. Tn 1S47 you passed a resolution in this body, that it', in diiureggrd of tho spirit of the MisHouri CJomproinino, tho fearful issue wont forcod upon the country, by the ndoption of ( the Wilniot Proviso, the nconle of Virginia could have no difficulty in deciding between nbjeel submission ov rchi.?tnnco to the lft8t oxtron.ity. When wo mw Virginia tuko tin* Htand, wo knew tbat t!io country wft8 art^o, and I hi?vo no doubt tbat it did defeat tbo Wilinot Proviso in the Senate* In South Carolina,! I 1 Mj sivom as we raw your notion, we ndopted rcRohUionf! of ? niirtinr chnrftotef. Indeed, in One branch of our l,e<riylatt>re, I 1>elicve the woi'da of the roKolutionH offered were identical,, Tho treaty with Mexico was sigund in | lfwe, ami Tucti came uio t'> or^'umoi I tl?o new Territory. A ooinmiUftb Whh apjKjft.t' e$ itv ihe Senate, <?Ot?j>cscil of nu' iMjual nuntm. ' ' . . ? - - - - ber of Northern und Southern Senators to dhr ! vido tho property equally between the.twO tions?n proposition which no man, with any tscn^e of justice, could have objected to. [Ilcrc una read tho Ktatemcnt by Senator ! Clayton of the proceedings of this committee, | in which an account of the defeat of the proposition for an equal division in given, and also the defeat of the wonosition to leftve thenutsi 4 1 V) tion to tlio Supreme Court.] It was then that Virginia pnjMJed her reso*" lutvolts of 184.1> relative to tlio adoption of tho Wilmot Proviso, whiuh were soon by .South. Carolina and adopted by her. In the meantime a now President was elected, who direct^ ed his military (J oyer nor in California to or! gauize the Territory, giving everybody?Lascars. Chinese mid willH*VI>r Iriicrllf. h* tlinro-ilB tho right to bo Cidled together mid say w\i^v I direction tho property of tho United State#'-, j ought to tako. And tlijs body met ahd deci- 1 ded thnt no slavery .should be permitted within the Territory. The Wilmot Proviso had1 been defeated in Congress,- but the ]'iesid^?t, by his ipxi5 dixii, passed it tKftugh Csdiforldu. Now, we of South Carolina, thought that t\&- ! ( 'iwwflhifinn nf (biJifixMiw ** ?* ??* 4\4 1.. w \Af . V* VlM.IVM.IIll .t ?l? Ill IftVV Kll\J JJ mot Proviso, and thai beinguuit io forco> wos the same as if the "Wilmot Proviso had been J ah in ifo, the work of Congress. Wo thought ; that its going into operation was sufficionfc ' onune for Recession under the Resolutions of Virginia, and supposed that in going forward ! wo were merely leading the column of mi ar1 my already niadc, prohibiting slavery in tha?-*" District of Columbia was unlawful. If itTs unlawful there; if it bo a sin?which is tho trouble?is it not immoral and improper lo ' sell slaves from one .State to another ? Seeing those measures of ISoO, wo disavowed tiiciu and calb.d a CouvcnUou,and n very largo ma ' jority of the people of South Carolina would ! have been in favor of Kocc.sston, if thf.?#hbi*"~~j States would have given their eoitntenaneo tu , tho moveinent. l>ut again Virginia adopted | resolutions requesting us of Soush Carolina to > ; desist from the meditated secession. We did ilesist and at groat pain. Wo had supposed that we wuve. sustained by Virgiftia. Woluvd to go around and canvass tho State and stop. lior from secession, and when tlic Convention met it declai'ed it inexpedient to seeedo.? The Southern States, except South Carolina, < [ accepted (he Compromise incisures. j What lias been the result? Lot iu> go % I step further and we shall soon see. The next ' I measure for adjustment was Kansas. Tlaf< | South hud buen quieted and matters remained* in afqluc (juo? (Jout!onion from tho North-, said lot us toko this wholo matter out of CouV* gross, and we ehull have poaeo, and the Kaujiia-^con.itka -wt- wr?ff*|>Hssl?ch> when a State was admitted to tlitfjjy ^. gnJfraR should he loft to the people to vcgUKU<^1>Q institution of slavery according to th^ir v/ill. At the saittc time tho .Judicial arnftros ioter--'"-.^ posed. The l)red-Scolt decision was rendered, and those interested wero impressed belief that the v,cxcd question wis scttluiy V^i: Hut whut do we ?eo. ? Abolitionism Hj'iukous into Emigrant Aid Fheieties, nnd ft l[<'or waged which, had it bocn nearer Yirgr South Carolina, would hyyrrfeoen wide It was put down by federal troops, butf.ho bloodhounds were trained there to bo let lo^3o> ^ 011 the soil of Virginia. \\'o iind that t\ki?rV Kansas-Nebraska act has driveu Kansas awS^r 5. from us. The. repeal of thq Missouri Comproiniao eanio too late for the South, for tlip North refused to concede to hor that portfo^. v. 01 TeTmory iSQufn 01 ?H> tfU, aiifl 'JeeinvuLJJ}}^ il slioukl remain op^n. Thcybavo, too, taken from Texas what is equivalent to another Stute. Now; gentlemen, wo arc standing.,' with the two Mictions of tho country face to facd with each other. Thp North in the ter- . ritories says not a slaveholder shall ha'VQ pro- ^ tction for his property therein j and within a V few days past Nebraska hay passed au act prohibiting our institutionstwithin her liu':it?. Wo are divided by a geographical line?thoy j having no sympathy with us, or wo with Clciitlcnicn, contrast the position'n'f Thi'Ugs noyv w ith what they were when n small patty of Abolitionists gathered around Birney aa their candidate for President. This party has been used by the other political parties of the North, until sit Idstt it has taken the power in its own hands. Look at the hist Presidential election. Were wo not in doubt till the lint moment, whether we should not have to tako n step which we yet may have to take ? Pennsylvania was .tikon from them by the good genius of Mr. Buchumui an J his friends, and * they were ilofeuU d. Put it is merely n respite. ' Shall we wait till tho locks of the Sampson 6 have grown again, or shall we now erect barriers against his encroachments? If any man reckon that during tho prosont.gonoraation there will be a change in tho senfchnvttit' i of the North, he reckons badly. Lot him i look at the cause. It has been produced by ; the whole system of education of this generation. At the North books havo been given i their children to tohcb thein by pictures mid wouls to abhor slavery. In a publio schooS'K-ji J Philadelphia there is a lecturo givcu weekly S upon tho subject of slavery. They know thift * tho women give tone to the next generation*, fitifl t.]?nv fiLa). j imu.^ ui uiv young laclieM even in their school < l ay it. Then comes the pulpit, whew tho iinptjpsSiOUS Of tlul CuuGaviOJl ore llllldc ft ^?'ij^'Ouij|jjp? I bfJieS'. The third elomont i* the prefcs? greot third power which scatters ablins v < our institutions so profusely that tho t'hild from tlx' tiillO hft bcarH tlie . ..:! ( A Words in.'1 liirt mother's lip?, is taught to boiievrf That shivery at the South cau.-es every ntanHtO.tt t<> \ resound with the lanh, and that oar i-l.ivt s ar 1 treated an cuttle and chattel, and ihit i=i- S % terest is tukcu in them or cat.- cs. r;s then). Now, where tin re a st'-puiufj pnih: '] ?a barrier you can briuu njrainat (hi* ^ i i.jll'lT!! nf tliom, v-ultit. : . , ; I .?irw|> of n ncutml; l? tl>C (.\.v. ,, $