Keowee courier. (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, February 04, 1860, Image 1
II riCKKNS COURT HOL'SK, S. C. SATURDAY, FEJfflrAllY 4 . ik?.I ^=1
; , - - ^ ( . ??? ? * VOL. XI. NO. 27.
IT ^JUiU U
From (lie Uii-lurioiul Dispatch.
Beooptioa of ths Commissioner from South
CarolinaADDllKHS
ttKJOilE TIIK GKNKUAI. A8SKMJULY.
Tho LfjflKlatuvo assembled yesterday at 12
o'clock, n?d the day being appointed to hour
f'roua tho Hon. Ohrwtoplior tf. Memmingcr,
(Vnnmifwumcr from South Curoliua, the views
held by him in connection with his mission
to tins rttufc, none ot tho ordinary legislative
business was transacted. A large crowd, exclusive
of ladies, packed the galleries densely,
while hundreds of tho fair Hex woro forced
tolcavo the Capitol, unable to obtuin nuy location
whatever. The Senato Came into the
hall of the IIoUhc at i'-J o'clock, and with
the Governor, i/icutenunt Governor, Secretary
of SUto, the Judioiury nnd other high digmtaries,
completely filled up the body of the
House. tJport tho nvriviil of tho diatinguirh?d
visitor, all pro-jent roso and remained 8tandin"
until (). M flmtiilifii'lil tlm SJk.i..
o ] ? v"" i'^"Kcr;
hud officially received him. lie introduced
to that officer by M. It. II. Keale,
menibor of tho Senate,
31 r. Crutchlicld bjIhi: It is a pleasant duty
1 perform of introducing you to tho members
of this Legislature, both on their behalf nnd
on behalf of tho po.oplo they represent. Tho
pleasure of tho occasion, sir, is increased by
the recollections of tho reception by South
Carolina of our representative?that distinguished
non of Virginia, Benjhmin Watkins
Jjotgh. I will venture but 0110 expression
?*??%? La /?! irt '
iuvii juu iimij 11^ uuuiv iu juur ouiiUj unu
that is, that whether the ship of tho Confoderation
shalljtbunder or not, Vnrginin sliull sink
or swim with her sister, South Carolina. I
need not assure von, air, that you will receivo
tin attentive booting, and that tho most deliberate
nttontion will bo giveu to tho voice of
South Carolina.
Mr. Menuningcr then took his place on tho
platform behind the railing enclosing the
Speaker's chair, and preceded to address the
Legislature as follows :
Mr.Spfrnker, and gentlemen of tho Senate
and lloiiso of Delegates : When the Athei.ian
orator ascended the bona, to address tho
jujople of Athens, it was his custom to invoke
iiiu sua turn oie.sttwig ot tlie uuKnown Uotls of I
liis countrymen. (fow much mor?V, docs it |
become uk to invoke that being wlib h:u* been i
mado so much clearer to us iu later 3ronrt;, to |
follow the example of the heathen, and to go
beyond him in asking the aid of the Supreme
Being, in coming to Vteht judgment in the
mutters before us. I ao humbly invoke that
nid. Iloforc 1 procecd, gentlemen, l' Ijiig
leave to offer to the Governor and authorities
of your State, in behalf of South Cutylina,
liiy profound acknowledgement, for the great
.....1 : > * -
iimvi niuuuvon tuvvnuu uy uic siiutc
, . |ii* arrival hero.
If thia mission roRult in nothing else, it
will teach tho States of thia Confederacy, that
they nrc sovereign powers, nnd can receive
nnu deliberate on messages from each it' o.*,
but I tru:<t, bofore I have dono, t)uit I shall
show that thoro is something ^else to bo neeompliahed,
and that* there are reasons for taking
the action which I shall urge upon your
* co'iiHulerution.
[The Clerk of tho House of Delegates, at
thtt request of Mr. M., read the resolutions of
the .South Carolina Legislature, sending a
Commissioner to this State, which have been
published.]
As these resolutions import tho objoct of
my mission, may bo chewed under three heads. |
1st. To oxpross tho cordial sympathy of
South Oatxdiua with Virginia in the oxistiug
circumstance#. 2d. To Communicate the dcBirc
of South Carolina to unite with Virginia,
in mojisurea for thoir common defenco; nnd,
3d. To roquwtfc Virginia to appoint for a conference
of tho Southern States, and t?? send
delegates thereto. The first of these dutio-? 1
'have discharged with the greatest satisfaction.
Surely thoro is no Stuto to which all owo aw
much as to Virginia. Sho contributed 'more
in miud and matter to tho greatness of the
Union than any other. To her gf.eat men we
mvti inn utroriy, ior u vvum my wno i)iw oroKe
our shackles; and suroly the names of Waah
ington, nnd Jefferson, and MudiriOU, OfO 1ml1<>\vo(1
in tin' memories of all. Besides, in tho
foundation of the Confederacy, Virginia being
in the centre, wus better ouulified to maintain
hor position than niiy other St?t?-. Holding
in her band ovtii*y oloment of national
. greatpesflj-she surrendered licr Western territory
to nmke up tho great new of the Union.
^ TllftPrt id lint n limn rain oKmil.l nnt """ "I '
. ..?.v ... .*v? r?im?a f( i?vr oiiuiiiu liuu iv)^UIU iici
as n mother State. Yet what do wo see 'i~
8ho him Won singled out fof attnok, while her
c.iti/eiix ill umbered in pofceo. While who had
mirrondored all her power for protection to the
Fvdoval Government, in tho do??l hour of
nitfht, in the mountain*, wMro no oncmiy hut
- < tho wild tuvagc had over appeared, ft worse
cm-niv thim that aavago appears. Wo believed
ourselves Kcouro, hut tlio first sound of
thtyt din on ?n tho mountains tulls us to look
to ourselves for security. Is If. surprising
11 i - ? ..! - :?? ? '?
mok jM-nv.'Mtu viii'.igo in nit motfUinina w<w
' 7 M?rpvi-*fl'( U w only wonderful that thoy
''SS^ve ('" ns we" ?# they did, aud, catching
up fuic.h wcaportt? an could, bo found in u
iHsaocfni community, bcou\v within a wall tho
invader* until they were fcukon prisoners.
y\V <vof Mouth Carolina looto on this oh a blow
nt the whole Houth. You wcro <?> tho
frOjimfiP, and had vou not atood there, another
tftito would li*ye reoeivcd'it. Wo fWltUat
your f.toudly fdmld worded it off from uh,
.nd tlmt owiujj yon our sympathy and tfrfltiiro
hound to afcuid by yow, ?ad oouie
in for iwrt ftrid p*r*A of thq dortgsr m woll
?k t1?o bounty. And nothing would JK**|
' pW-Jon? young ui-w bettor than n tqwton J
of h clutJ - ? different from that 1 notr fulfil.
vum ?*,vj IH'W iii n.i rv
wU*, hut it? iHtvnn.u^. V, '^Mi.jj.lwk, too,
. ':/-. \ .v,V. . v(
',, ,/ > -iv , ' >.-> J,,lV
vuu me slaves, every ono of whom, on hearing
tho alarm guu, would flook to it. Thoy
believed that the non-slaveholdors wero di?loyal,
and would rush to their flag, and tint a
Bervilc war would ensuo. We therefore bolievo
that this was a serious matter, and it is thought
that you have been firm in your purpose, and j
taken the forfeited lives of those felons, that
staid it. Hut these forfeit lives do not fuf- ;
tie.c for the lives of your citizens who fell.? j
mit it is farther thnn this that wo must look, |
ami it is ill this view that we ask to make a
common cause with you against theso inroads '
on onr institutions. In taking this course, j
we do not assume to dictnte to you your action,
nor do we supposo that we can enlighten
you in the matter of your own defence. You
asked no aid from any quarter, and we should
fall far short of our purpose hud we so intended.
But wo believed wo shot;id conic forward
in tho matter, and declare all I have said.
We are urged by still higher considerations.
Von remembered us in our hour of difficulty ;
for we, too, have h'td our trials. Many here !
arc old enough to remember the occasion.? !
We had opened a difficulty with tho Federal j
(lovcrnment in 1832, and you scut a distinguished
gentleman from your midrit and made
proposals which were similar tothoso we now
make to you ; and to show this Assembly how
deeply wc nrc indebted to Virginia, 1 will 1
take lenvo to read to you the objcctB and results
of that commission.
[Hero the Clerk rend tho action of Virginia
in sending Benj. Watkins Ijcigh to South
Carolina, at the timo of her impending diflioultv
with the Federal (iovornimmt.1
You will see that Virginia undertook a very
kindly office for South Carolina, in a case
in which there was a great diversity of opinion
among her own citizcns. Sho had proceeded
to nullify h federal article of law, and
was about to support it by an appeal to arms,
when Virginia nout lior Commissioner to defer
this nulliiioation. Upon arriving there
he wroto to the Governor to ask tho re-asscmbling
of tho Convention which had adopted
the nullification resolutions, in order that the
Virginia resolutions he brought might be submitted
to it. Tlie Governor replied, that thcro
was nobody then in oxistanco that could con
Hitler tho Virginia resolutions, niul recommonded
that they sliouid bo submitted to
the President of tho Convention It is dona;
tho President writing that lie would do great
injustice to Virginia and South Carolina, .
ho tailed to comply, and authorizing the Governor
to say to Mr. Leigh that ihe Convention
would be re-assembled. Tho Convention met,
deliberated on the subject, uud the result of
thoir action was an ordinanco declaring that
as Congress had provided for a reduction of
tho duty, &o., that tho nullification ordinance
.should liiivo 110 force. The mediation of Virginia
had a do"Mo effect both on Congress
and on South Carolina, and the South Carolina
Convention adopted a resolution thanking
Virginia for her friendlv art. and oxnroKsiii<r
. I "O
to .the Uovornur of Virginia the BiitiHfnctum
with which it regarded the nction of Mr.
Leigh. Such wan tho. effect of this mission,
nnd such wan the spirit in which South Cf n lina
rcocivcd it.
It in ucccsfl.iry to review sonic of your notions
to show that our course now is tho some
ns pursued by you towards ns; nnd now in
the day of troublo of tho whole South, we
take tho course iuitiated by you in tho troubles
of that day. We are all aware that South
Carolina, with other States, decided that if
tho Wilniot Proviso was adopted sho would
secede, fstio supposed that she was following
in the direction of the whole of the Southern
States, and called a Convention again, and
was prepared alone to go out of tho Unioo,
though there wan a largo minority in tho
St?te opposed to this action. She was again
met hy resolutions from tho State of Virginia,
that State accepting tho compromise of 1850
as an adjustment, white South Carolina regarded
thorn us an aggravation. Virginia
passed resolutions declaring that, regarding
tho said acts of Congress as au adjustment,
she' deemed it unwise to send delegates to a
Southern Convention, and earnestly appealed
to her sister States to desist from thier move
meut. Our State took a different view ; yet, !
when your resolutions came, when your request
to South Carolina to desist came, what
took place'( The secession Convention met?
two-thirds of the moinbera of which favored
disunion, yot these two-thirds delivered over
their power to the minority. Our prominent
men had canvassed the State, informing tho
peoplo of Virginia's courao, and when the
Convention met it deemed it inexpedient to
secede. Now, gentlemen of the Assomhly,
we have waited for you e?>vcn years. We
foltkwmrc.d that the wave <ff fanaticism, surging
against our battlements, would not be
turned back/but would sweep over our turrets;
imd tlio next; ohange in the drama wom tho
scono ?t ltarper'8 l?'erry. It' *obl ns that wn
must come back to Virginia. It told um that
the wuyo hud swept ovor the summit, nod wo
have ootno to ftsk you if you will meet us in
conference. Can you resist it ? We do not
pro>W our opinions on you, execpt as a matter
for conference. It is rij^ht that all parties
should hnvo thoir opiitipns. Wo n?k for it
confercnccof tho .Southern States, nnd whatever
they on; we will abido Now.
gentlemen, while we present this requost wo
do not wish you to do what yonf judgment
doow not npprovo of, n?d I prococd to try to |
convince you that the courso wo urge in wh?t!
your judgment will npprovo. . 4
The Harper'? Foriy affair now rino#into un-1
T.. .1: ? *1 ? 1
uvi vtlwv- ? ? ?>?!> W??0I5U |>||U BjriiijHUUJO 'I" !
not. appear in thoir fitij violence at onoe. Tho !
house on lire isflyst known by thjJr flames creeping
through the orannio* of thn building.-?
I?y them; know that tho building i? in
nttmpu. una if. m r?r that wo enouia at.
once dooide whether it oan be Bim-d or whether
wo hK?1I abandon it. We 8ce Marpor'a
Foiry hm a syinpt^i, ar,d should donl with it
q? gfratoajpen doal with Hueh outbvoaku on tho
body politic. For J?v part, >4* when '
you oxwiiime oil the <-)rcurm.tanec? crmueo.hv!
will* if, tho** Ho Una, ^ it r<r * w>v, stl' it up
as a standard there to show you how far you
can disregard these symptoms. It is 11 sort
of Nileotiictor, to show that the water is rising,
and if you head it not it will overflow
the country, llow many men contributed to
this attack ? llow ninny knew of its existence
? J low many were engaged in this plan
to imbiuo their hand* in tl?? lilnml of hIsivh.
holders ? It is the object of statesmen to
deal with absolute foots?wo have thoin, and
have certain proof that tliero must hnvc been
many nmu in those Northern regions of the
country who knew of thin intended attack.?
Who spoke ? Who gave notice A single
voice, and that disregarded, and the matter
broke in upon us as a thunder cloud, and
shewed you an advance of tho feeling agaiiibt
the South that no man could hjtvo believed,
except for this movement. What happened
after? Wc sun i: fpi>liin? of b?>nr??il.w ..ti
T - -- - n ?> v
over the North. Counsel coining from a distant
oil)*?tlie " Athens " of tho country?
to defend the murderer. Now, we arc not
surprised to seo men volunteer to defend traitors
j but to see men volunteer to defend murderers
who had plotted the assassination of innocent
families, is unheard of in the annals
of jurisprudence.* Well, you take these men
and bring them to trial. How ? Quietly as
VOU would nnv other offenders nurainst vnnr
laws? You find Indications of such u charnctcr
as to force you to bring out the military
power of the State to keep at bay the sympathizers
of the murderers. And when you execute
them, a voice of lamentation is heard,
ns if Latimer and ltidley were about going to
tho stake. You henr hells tolled all over the
North, nnd to the discredit oi our institutions;
(for I regard this matter as a discredit to our
...I I- ' ^ ? '
wuuic country ; ) you seo ottered 1 u one of
our State Legislatures a resolution to ndjoura
in honor of John Brown, -which f;>ilo?l by only
three votes. 1 say these are indications
which yon cannot put aside. iSyoty village
bell tolled was a voico proclaiming to Virginia
this is the feeling which surrounds \;s here.
We all know that familiarity with scenes divests
them of their real character; and to a
man daily standing benenth the falls of Niagara,
I dare say, in a few weeks, he will begin
to regard it as the ordiimry passago of water
down a stream, You, in Virginia, have heard
so much of the affair, that, it seems to be
magnified. Look at it from another point?
set it across tlio water. {Suppose that the explosion
nt the opera house in Paris? intended
to destroy tho Emperor, had been landed by
every English paper. Suppose it had succeeded,
and simultaneously there had appeared
in every English paper an avowal of the act,
a tolling of bells m the English villages and
a motion to adjourn in the English Parliament.
Does any man suppose that the French nation
would have abided that ono hour ? Would
the French armies have stood still ono moment
? Yet, here we arc in the same position.
It may be said that liOuis Napoleon
was a tyrant, that ho hud seized the sceptre
of his country, and he might havo been maligned
as wc are at the North. Does any one
suppose thnt the English nation would not
havo been treated as outlaws by the civilized
world r The Legislatures of tho North iu
applauding this act are guilty of its commission,
and show that they arc willing to take
the same stand. IJut this is not all. We
have still further developments. Shortly after
this nflfuir took place, there were elections
at the North, and every Southern man supposed
that tho people thcro would recoil from
the net; and at tlieNew York election we were
told that it would bo shown now that only cxtrcmo
men ondorsed it, and tho people at the
polls would condemn it. It turns out that
t.lie nhrklitSniiik'td ??> <> oiw nnnnnli <> /I,
";n ?"
both par*los. Still later, id oortgrcfs, we hoc
104 moji voting in solid column for n man
who signed tho endorsation of a boof< urging
revolution ut tho South, and who will make
no retraction of the J>ct; and though miiny
ballots havo tokon plaeo, and our friends are
going from banner to banner, they stand flftu,
and wuit to see if we will be reduced to submission.
Now, gentlemen, I havo entered into this
matter tbahow you that we nre obliged to review
our relations with tho North. That if this
matter pass, hundreds will follow in tho footsteps
of those whom you have driven from
vour borders. I havo cndnnvm-prl tn na<>i>r.
tain if tliia is tho normal condition of tho
Northern body politic, or a temporary disease.
For the one tlioro is a romcdy of one kind,
hut the permanent diseaso retjuires very different
action. When this government wns for
mod, there were seven, non-alaveholdinc
States?your own?owned that mngniflcent
country in the West. So that the non-slaveholding
States had only two States to bo added
to their border, and wo had nil tho rest.
Maino and Vvvmont wero tho only two to bo
added to the ivorth, whereas in our portiou
there wero all the States this 8ido of the Mississippi
river not included in tho purchase of
Louismna. IIow happens it we are now in
tho minority ? As you nre aware, tho first
mnVAmOni flinf. ilivusfml na ftf fiii'i'fi.m'u iit.io
tho rcsolutionsof 1784. [Hore was rend Mr.
Jefferson's resolution* proposing to oedo Vlrpinia'a
wcstoi'u pwsessions, ond providing that
involuntary Sdrvitudo should not oxist therein.]
Every Houtlicru Stato refused to adopt
the resolutions, and nn motion of North OhroJinn
tho restriction was ntricken Out. Vir
ginin in ceding this territory, expressly provides
thot every 8 to to formed out-of it nhould
be equal with the other Staton of the Union.
The not of c??oion wa? doted 17* 4. The c>fhbr
Stotca referred to caice into tho Union with
tho Southern State*?, and a? an net of eonccKsion,
Cohgresa passed a law providing that there ;
should not bo slavery it) them, (VirginiV* ceded
territory <) provided, always, that fugitive
hIhvch might bo lawfully reclaimed.*'?
NowJ this la\v was illegal, beennno no liimlatiou
could 1dc put on tho new frtatea; but it
wa0 put in, and, for llnlon's aako, Virginia
mi.: 1^!- .% > i- *
ut' v |-i i j. ins ocing ?no chso, w?o rcsmtoi
ttie cession wits, that we ???</ nP <*?'' po*****ion
of .Ohio, Triilinim., THinois ?ml Wteoortayi,and
merely rwnrftd K<mt<*akyy T?w-A&o,
'^SPrF'
W0' >- : -
Alabama and Miseiwuppi. The North only
piiYo two States, Vermont and Mainoj and
while Virginia and the South gave up oil the
lands in those States ceded to the T'liion, if is
, worthy of remark that the North reserved to
1 herself the right to those in her States. We
rrnvn ill's ni'nwHi???/? ? -- -
(I ,, , un:^ JJJIIVO up noiiling.
I The sales of the public lands have amounted
| to $150,000,Out), of which tlu-v, as veil lis
! we, have reaped the benefit. Suppose that
! in these new States} the local law of slavery
I had existed. How would wo have stood?
; There would have been fifteen slave States,
! with HO Senators and 122 liepreKentativcs,
i while "the North would only huvo had nine
| States, and a proportionate representation.?
; Therefore, if the law of slavery had followed
I the cession, we would have had HO Senators
to their 18, and 122 HcprcseiJtatives against
j their 'J2. I bring this to view to shoto that
I tho fijouth has always been ready to concede
I io nuu maintain the I nion. Wo hail these
means and we voluntarily gave tliem tip.?
"When I say wn, 1 mean the South, Virginia
being the chief donor of the territory. The
next acquisition of territory was in April,
1808, by purchase from ["'ranee, the non|
slavohnlding States then having a majority of
I one. The States that were to come in were
| two for the South and seven for the North,
j the result giving the North fourteen and the
! South ton. When the acquisition of Lnuisii
ana wan made, we agreed that the local law of
| mat - vritory should remain in force, and
thr, law provided for slavery. II thnt law
lim been applied, tho South would again have
acquired a vast predominance over the North.
She would hove had a numerical majority,
and the only addition which the North could
have had was Maine, which was about being
admitted in the Union. It then became of
vast importarico to create another difficulty.
They saw the power about to depArt from them,
and when Missouri came up for admission the
fitftoirglc was renewed.
No, this was no fanatical opposition. Fanaticism
had not then commenced. It was
fl T-... - 1 '1 XT '
.. v.vm*.ni, mi puwcr, jnm uic j.\onncrn
majority in Congress refused to admit Missouri.
They were equal ?vith us and their
action looked to power for liio future. It
was n determination on their part to hold
the control of tho country, when, unfortunately
for the South, a voice came from her
for a compromise. Now, a compromise
should be something in which both parties
tnnko n concession. This was not .such an
one. The South proposed that a line should
be drawn at 30-30, and that all the territory
North of that should be given up to free-soil
institutions : but no provision was made for
territory this side. As the matter then t>ood,
I the North trained Wisnnii?i?i Tovr.i irtnrv,...
Nebraska and Kansas, and tlio youth only
Missouri, Arkansas and a port of the Indian
territory?the last of which is yet to be tested.
We gave ground whero giving ground
whs destruction, and gave the North a sufficient
number of* our voters to produce the
result we are now feeling. [The letter of
Jefferson, written in 1820, relative to the
Missouri Compromise, to which he alludes
to tho ominous signs of the times, striking
our ear liko a "lire bell in the night," saying
that " a geographical lino once conceived
and held up for the passions of men can
never be obliterated," and that he considered
if tlin lm/'ll rvf* .1 T
v* buv v. uiwii, h<;o uigii iv-au.j
You observe the remarkable language of Mr.
Jefferson. Is that not prophecy'( lias not
every word been realized 1 That line has now
begun to be traced in tiro, and part iu blood.
The line was drawn, but we supposed that
it would not be marked in tho soil, and we
left it. Fifteen years afterward there began
to tinkle a little bell, which has grown louder
and louder, till its clanging may he heard
all over the Union. It is the bell of fanaticism.
In 183") petitions began to bo 'presented
to Congress for the abolition of slavery
in the District of Columbia. They were
met, I am sorry to /, as our Southern men
too otton meet those movements? by a compromise
J)o tlioy not sec that this if but the
entering wedge, and that it will go fur to effect
slavery throughout the country ? Congress
determined that these men had a rijrht
to petition. Now, if England and France
were in alliance, would there be a rip-ht for
tho subject of 0110 to petition against the
institutions of tho other? Is there not a
condition implied, that if England does not
like tho Government of France, she shall not
interfere with it? Was not that the principle
in which our I'nion was founded, and
yet Congress admitted theso petitions and
laid them on the table, saying that they had
no right to go further, tnorc giving a foothold
to that agitation, which has since shaken
tha country. Jt is important in this aspect
of all'airs, to know that it was foreseen by
thoso on our outposts. I will bring to your
attention the effort in tlio Senate by Mr. i^alhouu,
in 1888, to stop theso fanatical interferences,
and tlio results ho predicted wotjjd
follow. [A portion of ono of Mr. Calhoun's
speeches on tlio right of petition, was here
read, in which ho contend* that the South
was degraded by tho reception of such petitions
by Congress, and that if its legitimate
consequence en?uvd, she could not stay in
tho Ijdipn.] Can any commentary on theso
words bo stronger than the proceedings of
the recent in the city of llofton, in
which wc nrc told that fclmv fthn .?5?tnniA
hud tmccedcd in producing thy result* wliic..
the profit prophet hi.-d foretold ? In author
11111 "t' the same ftpceeh Mr. Oidhonn said
that ho w working at the bottom of these
movements a Hpirit of perHocution wldoh hnd
drenched the UhJtftiJpn world with Mood two
eontnric* ago. Now, this wart in 1838.?
What was tho first fruit Of this ngitutiyn ?W
Mr. O.dboun Inid described U as "one man
undertaking to judge the dutier< of another,"
The Gr*t. bond broken was the <'hrUti?ii
- T " " 7*77
union, ihnt Hontimout *vi;iiih unites? a uino to
his neighbor hi fVlbwitfiip with his God.-H
first lnfulo tho'^ti of thg North j?y that
thr-y would not roumin in Christian botitto
' nut? shvchoidere. The meok follower* of
A x %>'
1 the Son of God, who, in Giillilcc and Judefl,
looked down upon territories lillcd with
slaves?Hoy, whoso first act was to give up,
good mid sound, a slave to his Human muster.
The followers of this lowly upostlo say that
they cannot hold friendship with the holders
of slaves, nor wor,shin with them at u coni,
iium altar. Do thejWot profess that the JJiI
hie k- common to us all, and have they repu
uiHieu Mitnt 1'aui himself; ami it i'uxil could
take a fugitive slave lie lisul converted, and
send him back to his waster, could not they i
Surely, if in a region like the Hoinan Kmpiro
with milliofis and millions of slaves, there
could bo union from the Euphrates to the
pillars of Hercules; if Vandals, Cloths and
Ostra-Goths could live in ouo community,
how domes it that we cannot rest in America
with men of one race, and with common institutions?
You can see that this fanaticism effects
the whole under current of society, and
is it to be supposed that those who reject our
Union in religious matters, on account of it,
will go with us in other matters. Do you
not see that what Calhoun prophesied, has
come r ue said that " tho doladed agitators
must he toid thai our institutions are no affair
of theirs." Now, I sha'l presently .show
that instead of these agitators being told thin,
we have surrendered at discretion. We
have now shown the admixture of fanaticism
with the element of power, and we shall now
show the. combination of the two.
The admission of Texas was the i^ext great
point raised in the history of the country.?.
Texas had been refused admission to the
Union by several 1'residents, and the time
that it was brought distinctly to notice was in
1 O I - \ * ? * * '
10-tu, wijcn u was soon tnat JMi^lana had
i taken notice of the opposition. Tlie World's
Convention met in London, and New Kngland
sent representatives to it. The great
desire of the World's Convention was to extinguish
shavcry, and it proposed to Lord
Aberdeen to Make a loan to the Republic of
Texas, provided the money should be used
to abolish shivery in the Southern States?
j that uepublie being on their border. There
whs u debate in Parliament, in which Lord
Brougham called attention to the position of
Texas and its capacities, and reeonimended
to unite with it in the abolition of shivery
in other American States, lie inquired of
Lord Aberdeen what the Ministry had done i
on the subject. Lord Aberdeen replied that I
ho could not open tho correspondence to the
House, but that England was endeavoring]
to bring about a satisfactory solution of the
question.
Again do we owe our preservation to Virginia.
.fust then .John Tyler took his seat.
The man who had filled the office before him,
and who would have carried out Lord Brougham's
views, whether he knew them or nut,
had been set aside by the people, and the
providence of God had elevated Mr. Tyler.
John Tyler called Abel Upshur, a distinguished
son of Virginia, to his councils.?
They entered into correspondence with the
Minister of Texas, but just when tho plan j
was uetng consummatcu a mysterious providence
removed Mr. Upshur by the explosion
on board the Princeton. John 0. Calhoun
took bis place, and in fourteen days the treaty
with Texas was signed and ready for execution.
This treaty not only rescued Texas
from abolitionism, but if Lord Brougham was
right, rcscued tho whole South. Hut these
gentlemen who made the treaty could not execute
it. .Inst then a Presidential nomination
was to tako place and this great question entered
into it. Mr. Van Jiurcn and Mr. Clay '
came out 011 the same against the admission
of Texas, and the treaty failed. But there
arose a voice of indignation throughout the
land which resulted in the destruction of both
these men. The change was so great that at
tho uoxfc Congress the treaty was rati lied, only j
three days before President Tyler vacated his I
I olfcee. The next president desired to recall
the messenger with the treaty, hut it wpB too
! late. Texas was then admitted, and the act
j of admission provided that she might ho divided
into fivesiavo States. At flint time there
were twenty-six States in the Union?the !
North and South having thirteen each?and |
out of territory there were five to bo Added to i
the North. They already hud-a majority of J
the House of liepresentativcs and there was
no further need of an addition to their power,
I C i. 1 ? ~ - 4 * - . a 1 ! 1 1 * ? 1 * ?
ii uim Mitt*; 01 uungs nnu rcmameu, ine balance
of power would have been continued;
but, unfoituootely, tho next year the Mexican
\y.ir took place, and the Wiluiot Proviso was
attached to nn appropriation bill providing
that no money should bo expended for the ao
(position of territory from Mexico in whiph
wlavery should exist. Southern Htatesmen
were opposed to acquiring more territory, but
were overruled. ami 11 if iinvf, u-!i<
whether the territory for which the South hud
fought should ho denied to her citizens:
whether, a iter-sending our men to the plains
of Mexico, fighting it.s armies and assailing
its fortresses, tho North should ? y to us, you
are slaveholders, yon cannot enter hero. Well
?ni<jht the South moke n stand against this.
Tho Wilniot Proviso was only defeated by
mnnwuvoring in tho Senate, for it did pass in
the IIouso of Representatives, in form ; but
l.n ii./> i.iii i
?nv/ uvinnv- i\iuuiWI ?nw t* J ?|M\t ^ I Iit l>l\J U Mill
without tho Proviso, and it p:is*ed.
Tn 1S47 you passed a resolution in this
body, that it', in diiureggrd of tho spirit of the
MisHouri CJomproinino, tho fearful issue wont
forcod upon the country, by the ndoption of
( the Wilniot Proviso, the nconle of Virginia
could have no difficulty in deciding between
nbjeel submission ov rchi.?tnnco to the lft8t oxtron.ity.
When wo mw Virginia tuko tin*
Htand, wo knew tbat t!io country wft8 art^o, and
I hi?vo no doubt tbat it did defeat tbo Wilinot
Proviso in the Senate* In South Carolina,!
I 1
Mj sivom as we raw your notion, we ndopted
rcRohUionf! of ? niirtinr chnrftotef. Indeed, in
One branch of our l,e<riylatt>re, I 1>elicve the
woi'da of the roKolutionH offered were identical,,
Tho treaty with Mexico was sigund in
| lfwe, ami Tucti came uio t'> or^'umoi
I tl?o new Territory. A ooinmiUftb Whh apjKjft.t'
e$ itv ihe Senate, <?Ot?j>cscil of nu' iMjual nuntm.
' ' . .
? - - - -
ber of Northern und Southern Senators to dhr
! vido tho property equally between the.twO
tions?n proposition which no man, with any
tscn^e of justice, could have objected to.
[Ilcrc una read tho Ktatemcnt by Senator
! Clayton of the proceedings of this committee,
| in which an account of the defeat of the proposition
for an equal division in given, and also
the defeat of the wonosition to leftve thenutsi
4 1 V)
tion to tlio Supreme Court.]
It was then that Virginia pnjMJed her reso*"
lutvolts of 184.1> relative to tlio adoption of tho
Wilmot Proviso, whiuh were soon by .South.
Carolina and adopted by her. In the meantime
a now President was elected, who direct^
ed his military (J oyer nor in California to or!
gauize the Territory, giving everybody?Lascars.
Chinese mid willH*VI>r Iriicrllf. h* tlinro-ilB
tho right to bo Cidled together mid say w\i^v
I direction tho property of tho United State#'-,
j ought to tako. And tlijs body met ahd deci- 1
ded thnt no slavery .should be permitted within
the Territory. The Wilmot Proviso had1
been defeated in Congress,- but the ]'iesid^?t,
by his ipxi5 dixii, passed it tKftugh Csdiforldu.
Now, we of South Carolina, thought that t\&- !
( 'iwwflhifinn nf (biJifixMiw ** ?* ??* 4\4 1.. w \Af
. V* VlM.IVM.IIll .t ?l? Ill IftVV Kll\J JJ
mot Proviso, and thai beinguuit io forco> wos
the same as if the "Wilmot Proviso had been
J ah in ifo, the work of Congress. Wo thought
; that its going into operation was sufficionfc
' onune for Recession under the Resolutions of
Virginia, and supposed that in going forward
! wo were merely leading the column of mi ar1
my already niadc, prohibiting slavery in tha?-*"
District of Columbia was unlawful. If itTs
unlawful there; if it bo a sin?which is tho
trouble?is it not immoral and improper lo
' sell slaves from one .State to another ? Seeing
those measures of ISoO, wo disavowed tiiciu
and calb.d a CouvcnUou,and n very largo ma '
jority of the people of South Carolina would
! have been in favor of Kocc.sston, if thf.?#hbi*"~~j
States would have given their eoitntenaneo tu
, tho moveinent. l>ut again Virginia adopted
| resolutions requesting us of Soush Carolina to >
; desist from the meditated secession. We did
ilesist and at groat pain. Wo had supposed
that we wuve. sustained by Virgiftia. Woluvd
to go around and canvass tho State and stop.
lior from secession, and when tlic Convention
met it declai'ed it inexpedient to seeedo.?
The Southern States, except South Carolina, <
[ accepted (he Compromise incisures.
j What lias been the result? Lot iu> go %
I step further and we shall soon see. The next '
I measure for adjustment was Kansas. Tlaf<
| South hud buen quieted and matters remained*
in afqluc (juo? (Jout!onion from tho North-,
said lot us toko this wholo matter out of CouV*
gross, and we ehull have poaeo, and the Kaujiia-^con.itka
-wt- wr?ff*|>Hssl?ch>
when a State was admitted to tlitfjjy ^. gnJfraR
should he loft to the people to vcgUKU<^1>Q
institution of slavery according to th^ir v/ill.
At the saittc time tho .Judicial arnftros ioter--'"-.^
posed. The l)red-Scolt decision was rendered,
and those interested wero impressed
belief that the v,cxcd question wis scttluiy V^i:
Hut whut do we ?eo. ? Abolitionism Hj'iukous
into Emigrant Aid Fheieties, nnd ft l[<'or
waged which, had it bocn nearer Yirgr
South Carolina, would hyyrrfeoen wide
It was put down by federal troops, butf.ho
bloodhounds were trained there to bo let lo^3o> ^
011 the soil of Virginia. \\'o iind that t\ki?rV
Kansas-Nebraska act has driveu Kansas awS^r 5.
from us. The. repeal of thq Missouri Comproiniao
eanio too late for the South, for tlip
North refused to concede to hor that portfo^. v.
01 TeTmory iSQufn 01 ?H> tfU, aiifl 'JeeinvuLJJ}}^
il slioukl remain op^n. Thcybavo, too, taken
from Texas what is equivalent to another
Stute. Now; gentlemen, wo arc standing.,'
with the two Mictions of tho country face to
facd with each other. Thp North in the ter- .
ritories says not a slaveholder shall ha'VQ pro- ^
tction for his property therein j and within a V
few days past Nebraska hay passed au act prohibiting
our institutionstwithin her liu':it?.
Wo are divided by a geographical line?thoy j
having no sympathy with us, or wo with
Clciitlcnicn, contrast the position'n'f Thi'Ugs
noyv w ith what they were when n small patty
of Abolitionists gathered around Birney aa
their candidate for President. This party has
been used by the other political parties of the
North, until sit Idstt it has taken the power in
its own hands. Look at the hist Presidential
election. Were wo not in doubt till the lint
moment, whether we should not have to tako
n step which we yet may have to take ? Pennsylvania
was .tikon from them by the good genius
of Mr. Buchumui an J his friends, and *
they were ilofeuU d. Put it is merely n respite. '
Shall we wait till tho locks of the Sampson 6
have grown again, or shall we now erect barriers
against his encroachments? If any
man reckon that during tho prosont.gonoraation
there will be a change in tho senfchnvttit' i
of the North, he reckons badly. Lot him i
look at the cause. It has been produced by ;
the whole system of education of this generation.
At the North books havo been given i
their children to tohcb thein by pictures mid
wouls to abhor slavery. In a publio schooS'K-ji J
Philadelphia there is a lecturo givcu weekly S
upon tho subject of slavery. They know thift *
tho women give tone to the next generation*,
fitifl t.]?nv fiLa).
j imu.^ ui uiv
young laclieM even in their school < l ay it.
Then comes the pulpit, whew tho iinptjpsSiOUS
Of tlul CuuGaviOJl ore llllldc ft ^?'ij^'Ouij|jjp? I
bfJieS'. The third elomont i* the prefcs?
greot third power which scatters ablins v <
our institutions so profusely that tho t'hild
from tlx' tiillO hft bcarH tlie . ..:! ( A Words in.'1
liirt mother's lip?, is taught to boiievrf That
shivery at the South cau.-es every ntanHtO.tt t<> \
resound with the lanh, and that oar i-l.ivt s ar 1
treated an cuttle and chattel, and ihit i=i- S %
terest is tukcu in them or cat.- cs. r;s
then). Now, where tin re a st'-puiufj pnih: ']
?a barrier you can briuu njrainat (hi* ^
i i.jll'lT!! nf tliom, v-ultit. : . , ; I
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