University of South Carolina Libraries
the people of the Sou 1i to enter any portion of the territory, which, according to the terms of annexation, are now free to them, neither Texas nor the General Government have any right to make. The terms of annexation chnslitutc the compact of union between 7exas and the other States of the confederacy?and this compact secures irrevocably to tlie people of the slaveholding Slates the right of entering with their property all her territory lying south of 3G deg. 30 inin, north latitude?whilst fiom a 1 her territory lying north of that line thty are excluded. The bill in the Senate makes no provision for carrying out these terms of the com pact, but leaves in doubt the right of the southerned neonle. throughout all the 1 I ' O ---terr'tory proposed to be purchased; whilst ninny who support the hill declare that in effect it excludes entirely the peo- j pie of the southern States from all the territory purchased. The least evil there- j fore, the bill can bring to the people of the southern States on entering it, will be contention, harassment and litigation. 1 lint vnn will n fni'i* inoilomt'iln ..... .V._, conception of the importance of (lie territory taken fiorn Texas by the bill, if you confine your views to Texa?. If you will look at the map of tho United States, you will perceive that the territory pro- ! posed to be surrendered by Tcsas lies throughout ils whole extent along th.c , western frontier of the Indian territory. This is now a slaveholding country; and must be considered as a part of the South. Place alonrr thfirwhnln \vr>sfr>rn I boundary two non-slaveholding Slates, and how long will the Indians be able to maintain the institution : f slavery? If j the agency of Congress is not used to 1 abolish directly slavery in the Indian territory, this end can be easily accomplish- | cd by the very means now in operation nmiincl il.? C c?...i ? . i????vi j 111 tuv uuuuiriii oum-Si which the Indian will liavc but little pow- | or to resist. The effect will he, that tho . Indian territory, large enough for two more States, will he controlled by the lion-slaveholding States. Thushy these two points in the report, the South will lose four large States in California, two in Texas, and two in the Indian territory. Nor is this all. The non-slavcholding States will ho brought to the western hniindnrv nf Miconni! ?. ./! A along their wliole extent, and will bound Texas on her whole northern and western frontier. Thus the southern Stales will he hemmed in by the non-slaveholdinfr States on their whole western border?a policy which they have declared essential to the end of abolishing slavery in the southern States. What can compensate the south for such enormous wrong and spoliation. T}..i i1.:? ! . ?1 1 e uut una nut inu uiiu ui your conces- j fiions by this report. Wc must not yield to the interests, but to the prejudices of the northern people. Slavery existed in the District of Columbia when Congress accepted the cession of the territory composing it from the Slates of Maryland and Virginia. Ko one. can suppose that Maryland and Virginia, slaveholding States then and slaveholding States now, could have designed to give Congress . any power over the, institution of slavery in tills tp.vi'ilnvvf Tllflr>nr>rwl.%r?lli' /-vf (lift ' r??v..Uj V. V..V ; wrong to the people of the District to emancipate their slave?, it would he an ; intolerable evil to have a district between them, where emancipation prevails by j the authority of Congress. Congress, in the bill reported as a part of the so-called compromise, now begins the work of emancipation by declaring that if any slave is brought into the District for sale, ! be shall be "liberated and free." If a Have is liberated because,he is brought into a district, the next step, to liberate him because lie is in the district, is not difficult. The power to emancipate the * laves in ^ lie District of Columbia is thus claimed and exercised by Congress.? Many of the ablest men of the <Staulh have denied that Congress possesses any puch power, whilst a)! agreed, until lately, that for Congress to interfere with this institution, whilst slavery existed in Maryland and Virginia, would be a gross breach of faith towards those States, and an outrage upon the whole south, llow long will that facility which yields to the prejudice against the buying and selling of sla .'os be able to resist the greater prejudice which exists against the holding of slaves at all in the District of Columbia? For all these sacrifices to the interest and prejudices of the people of the north the south is tendered t'c last measure of the compromise?the fugitive slave bill as they propose to amend it. To understand the extent of the concession tho south receives oo this point, we must look to the rights the constitution confers. The franiers of the Constitution wore perfectly aware that the General Government could have hut little power to secure to them their fugitive flaves in the non-slaveholdiner ^States. The whole, in ternal police of n State must be under the control of the State, nwl by this chiefly could slaves be recaptured. The Constitution therefore not relying on the legislation of Congress nlone, requires tlmtii fugitive slave, escaping into a nontdaveMblding Slate, shaM be "delivered upon claim of the party" to whom he bofopgs. Fugitive slaves f?re. put on the % # IP jgELu.* 4 > . footing of fugitive criminals, and nre to be delivered up by the State authorities. If these authorities do not enforce the I requirements of the Constitution, and aid I in the recapture and recovery of fugitive i slaves, Congress can do but little to enforce them. The bill providing for the . r .1. _ t ... a? .... e .1 co-operation 01 me ie? oincers 01 ine United States Government in a State is practically f]uite insufficient to accomplish i its aim. What can they do iu such a \ State as Pennsylvania to recover fugi'ivc | slaves? Yet if Congress does all that ; it can do by legislation to enforce the Constitution, it only does its duty to the ; South. There pan be no eonees^ion or i favor (o the South, in giving her only what she has a right to have under the Constitution?unless, indeed, the Constitution for her has no existence. The bill then, is, in the first place, quite inadequate to restore to us our fugitive slaves, and in the second plaoe, gives the South nothing hut what she is entitled to. If this was all, there would be nothing in ii..? i.:u r ..i 1.1 iiiv uiii iui niv.li ?u miuuiu tuucruu anything to tlic north But it is not all. Under the pretext of bestowing on us a benefit, it perpetrates a usurpation on the reserved rights of the States. It provides that a slave may arraign his master, by the authority of laws made by Congress the courts of the States oiul the United States, to try his right to his freedom. Jf Congress can legislate at all C O between the master and slave in a State, where can its power be stayed? It can abolish slavery in the Stales. Thus a power is assumed in the bill which virtu miy I'xivuus me jurisdiction 01 uongress over slavery in tlie States. And this is a benefit to the south! Under a guise of a benefit, the bill is useless as a remedy? and worse than useless in its usurpations. Such are tbe various measures which constitute this compromise. We do no believe that those in the south who, at an early day, expressed a willingness to support it, had well conside?ed its import or even contemplated supporting it without material amend mcnts. Ifre fully appreciate and duly honor the motives of (hose who would restore tranquility to (lie country, nor ! shall wc impugn in any form those who have pssisted to frame or who'.iave yield- i ed a support to the measures. Why the j non slavoholding States do not support j these measures wc are unable to under- ' stand, unless it be that a haughty fanati complisliing its objects by indirection. If these measures, however, were really n compromise in which the south had eqmil gains with the north, it would be of doubtful expediency for the south to propose it. Three times in Congress, during this controversy, ihc south has proposed the Missouri compromise, which lias been (lneo times rejected by the North. Twice she has proposed a compromise by which she consented to leave it to the courts of tlu: United Suites to determine her rights. Instead ol requiring sternly their recognition by Congress, fiftoen soveieign States have consented to be carried into the courts of the country, and there to submit their sovereign rights in a territory belonging to them to their final arbitrament. Their humiliation did not win the respect or con tidencc ot the norm, ana proposition was I twice rejected. The south, in our opinion, might accept I one other compiomise, not because it is co-extensive with our rights, but because it has been twice sanctioned by those who have gone before. If the north offe*\: the Missouri Compromise, to extend 1 to the Pacific Ocean, the south cannot reject it, provided a distinct recognition of our right to enter the territory south of .TO deg. 30 min. north latitude is expressed in the compromise. We should j take this line as a partition line between ; the two sections of the Union; nnd be! side this, nothing but what the Constitui tion bestows. Although the northern Stales would acquire by this compromise three-fourths of our vacant territory, they will have renounced the insufferable pretension of restricting and preI venting the extension of the south, whilst I they should extend indefinitely. Having thus, fellow-citizens, laid before you a statement of your condition? i your rights?and the remedy which, tin! der present circumstances, von should I ' tJ acccpt, we leave you for a brief sj?nc( of time, it is proper to stnte to you that, while we are unanimous in approving t he resolutions which accompany this address, the delegates to this convention are not entirely unanimous in approving all the arguments contained in it, particular ly such as relate to this compromise bill pending in the United (State Senate, though none are in favor of that hill unless it he amended in conformity with our I resolutions or in such manner ns slmll j satisfactorily sccurc to the south the I rights asserted iu them. Until Congress I adjourns, we cannot know what it will do ! or will fail to. Il7e must therefore meet i again after its Adjournment to consider ! tiic final condition in which it will leave you. We recommend to you and exhort | you to send Delegates from every conn\ ty and district in ihe southern ?S'tates to 1 meet ns when wo again nucmble. It is no orumnry occasion winch fins nsscni; Med u? together. The Constitution, and ! the Union it crcntcd, so long dear to $ your hearts, are (o be preserved, and your liberties and your institutions maintained. KEG WEE CCMjluER Friday, June 38, 1850. >vun ? view of accommodating our Sub scribcrs who live at a distance, the following gentlemen are authorized and requested to act a* agents in receiving and forwarding Sub criptions to the Kkoweb Coubier, viz: Maj. W. S. CiuisiiAM, at West Union. Edward Huohes, Esq., " Horse Shoe. E. P. Verner, Esq., " Bachelor's Retreat M. K. Mitcheu., Esq.. " l'ickcnsville. J. K. li.\oo?o, " Twelve Mile. J. T. Webb, for Anderson Distr-et. T11E "soUTHEHN A DDR ESS. Wc deprive our renders of their usual variety lor the purpose ol presenting lo | tliem this week the Southern Address- l This Address they will find to be a plain ! and unpretending but exceedingly well ( written document, which sets forth in j firm but moderate language the usurpations of the majority in Gongress, the injustice and acts of oppression which the Free States have been and still are endeavoring to perpetrate in the Union, and , po;nl8 the Houth clearly and forcibly to i her duties and her dangers. Comprising 1TG delegates, representing nine differ- j ent States, all of whom support high i characters at home, and many of whom have filled the highest stations in the confederacy, the voice of the Convention, speaking through this address, must carry with it to the hearts and under- j standings of the people great weight and authority. Looking to all the difficulties of the question, they have unanimously demanded an adjustment of the difficulties in relation to the territories, upon the Missouri compromise line of 3G deg. and i 30 niin. The line yields to the North ! two-thirds of tho common property; j here then let the /South *ake her last stand, she can yield no more : let this be her Thermopylae, and here if she fall, let her fall nobly defending the rights she has inherited from her fathers, IIousk ov Rki'reskxtativks.?The excitement on the slavery question is running high in this body, and the wily tactics of Parliamentary warfare, which were employed by the /Southern members with ST) much Mirvnss in , l. ionrlv part of the Session, are again in requisition. On the 12th inst,, in Committee of the Whole on the state of the Union, Ihe California question came up, when, for the purpose of preventing hasty and precipitate action by the hot bloods of fanaticism, our (Southern Representatives drew out the lime of the Ilouse, under <hf> fil'D mimif.iQ l-nlo Ku nffopmnf "J M'B withdrawing amendments, and by other expedients. The Missouri compromise wfts offered consecutively as nn amendment to the amendment of Mr. Green, of .Missouri, by a number of gentlemen and withdrawn, when Mr. Orr, our able n;:d patriotic Representative, renewed the nmendment, and addressing tho chair, said: "There is one fact conclusive to my mind, tint the North did not intend to exclude the So'jt from nil participation in theacqtired territory, or thnt if it was so intended, the north wnf guilty of unpardonable duplicity in not disclosing its purpose. The ncquisition was made by treaty, and when tho treaty was under consideration in the Senate the proposition was made to ingraft the Wilmo', nrovinn nn flirt tronf.v Onlu i votes were cast in favor of this nmendI mcnt, nil the other Senators voting against it. Now, if th0. North had voted unanimously in its favor the South would have understood their purpose; as they did not, the South justly inferred that they were assuming to an equal participation in the common territory. Jf the south had understood that she was not to share in the acquisition?that she was to no unjusuy cxcnuieu, sno had it in her power to have defeated the acquisition. She had thirty (Senators ou the floor? one-half tho body, aud less ll.an twothirds could not lifve ratified the treaty. She could, therefore, have saved herself the indignity and humiliation you seem determined to'inflict on her by rejecting the treaty, //as riot tho north acted, i -i s : iiM7ii;iuiv, III u?u i an ii lOWiirUM US, m IIOI disclosing their purpose nnd putting us on our guard? Did not fair dealing demand of them frank rvowal of their object? "wc now lender you the .Missouri compromise; it fe n fair nnd equitable division of the territory. When the Ixmisiann territory was acquired, this line wasadopinf 1 wluoll ?auo iUa ? ? - vwv-, to.ivii '"viv x/i mu ivrruury 10 the northern than southern section?this was at its acquisition all slave territory. Texas was acquired, and this JinO again adopted; territory rnough yielded by the V ??B?jp? South to make two free Stales. This was slave territory. "Now, when by two acquisitions of slave territory wo surrendered moro than wc retained, with what justice; with what honesty, with what propriety can the North exclude us from nil participation in everv foot, of the first acouisilion of free territory? Let the fair-minded muo answer that question. 1 do not appeal to northern rnwi to do us justice; I hope 1 never shall be so far lost to self-respect as to become a suppliant at the feet of power. \Vc tender you this line to the Pacific? you can accept it or reject it; but there iu one thing which it is my duty now to say; j we do not intend to submit to exclusion from that territory; wc will have a fair ! proportion of it, "peaceably if we can? 1 forcibly if wo must." " Mediterranean Wheats?We wore shown a few days since a very fine sample of this wheat, which was grown on the plantation of our neighbor, Maj. E. ! M. Keith. The wheat grain of thii are j large and full, and Maj. In"i(Ii informs us it has entirely escaped the rust. We were visited on Monday last by a vcr) severe storm of rain and hail. For several weeks previous to that time the weather had been dry and exceeding warm. Editomaj. Change.-?Mr Board of | the Hamburg Republican, as we sec from ; the last number of that paper, has v'd out to Messss. Robinson ?fc Cnrlilc. To j the ex-Editor we say farewell, with many wishes for liis future hapiness, and to his successors most cordially extend our right hand editorial. The Schoolfellow, Juno No., from Walker & Richards, is on our tabic, and will be read with much delight by all those little boys and girls whose parents are hind and considerate enough to provide them with this amusing and instructive little Magazine. Tragedy cow-iiidino Poesy.?Forrest, the tragedian, it is reported in our exchanges, has been giving, in the streets of New York, a practical and rather forcible illuscntion of his dramatic powers, not content with murdering imaginary Duncans he has been amusing himself by cow-hiding Willis, the poet. This is what wo call the "illegitimate Drama." Lusub Natch.*:.?A child has been born, it is said, at Williamsburg, N. Y. which has two wrists and two hands on us rigiu arm, and in an oilier respects well formed. Correspondrnce of the Courier. Cocliituate IIai.l, Boston. June 12. The National, or rather North American Division of Sons of Zomperance met in this Hall about 9 o'clock yesterday. Initiated new members, and about 10 o'clock wont to tho Doric Hull of tho Stale House, whore the committee of arrangements had in waiting corriagcs for the members of the N. A. Division, who (about 100 in number) rode four in each; the Grand Division, Oadots, Cold Water Army, nnd subordinate Divisions on foot. We had rain in tho morning, and cloudy till 12, notwithstanding we hadalarge turnout. The streets were lined and [ windows full. The music was excellent. [ and nltho' the procession lasted 2 hours, ! perhaps over 4 miles travel, yet when j disbanded, the different organizations i continued to march on the common until I got wearied, and went to dinner. At 1 3 speaking commenced on the common I by P. M. W. P.. "White, M. W. P., On; rey, and Rev. John Pierpont, the press I was so great, and the members crowding i the stands prevented mo from remaining i there. I attended Tremont Temple last night; White and Carey spoke to a very large audience. The Tremont was built and used as a Theatre, the Company be* came embarrassed, it was sold nnd the Baptist church bought it. It is at the Tremor.t the notorious Colvert preaches; ?he introduced himself to me Sunday ] evening, and invited me to come to tho ' prayer meeting at night: I did so, but (iiu noi enjoy myscii on account ol unnecessary remarks about slaver}-. The people here would do right, but for thoir preachers ant' politicians, (fanatics.) "Wc have d..agates from all the (States except Fluid**, Arkansas and Texas. New Brunswick, Nova (Scotia, and Canada are ably represented. I do nol think I ever saw a finer set of then than composes the North Amoric?;n Division, Good news from nearly nil the flUUes? our cause is growing in favor and usefulness. We have much business on hand, ^^,1 !* L.l l. . -1- n iiuu uiiim it |jruuuuiu wo snail 1101 gci through before the last of the week. I hope you will write, and stir up ou? people to turn out to the meeting the Grnnd Division at Pendleton. I cspeoi tostny till the session closes. Ilnve oui Pickcns people of??11 the organizations U awake to this great work. I remain yours, JOSEPH GRISHAM. Cociiituatb. Hall, Boston, Mass., Juno 14th 1850. The members ore assembling, nud wo have much unfinished business. Tho subject this morning. I hone will bo re. sumed in better humor; I have found hard words gain few proselytes. At 8 the in. \V. 1'. took the chair? opened with prayer by the M. W. Chaplain, lJro. Perry, of N. Y. The business went on rapidly for an hour, when the election ol officers was attended to.? John W. Oliver, of Now York, was elected M.W. P., Isaac Litton, of Tennessee, M. W. A., F. A. Fickard, of Pa., M. W. Scribe, J. B. Woodford, of Va., M.W. T., S. L. Tilley, of New Brunswick, M. v W. Conductor, James II. Enniss, of N. C., M. W. Sentinel, Andrew L. /Stone, M. \V. Chaplain. The business progressed raoidlv until 12, when Bro. Parsons, of Ky., proposed to hurry on, r.ncl got through to to night; every one wants tho business done well?to his likeing, while he is here, .ind yet ninny of the members wish to go home. I name to slay till tiic business was done, and hopo to slay. I offered a resolution to apportion tho number of Representatives to the National Division, the Committee on Constitutions reported on tlie same, which was not satisfactory to .Ml, yet passed, and afterwards was reconsidered nnd Inirl over tUl to-morrow. On Saturday, met at 8 o'clock, n. m. Order of business resumed; find a great propensity to talk. Much business dono for the promotion of the Order, I hopo we may continue to have peace and harmony. Wm, A. White, the Editor of the Now Englnnder, who went out in a ! rage on Thuisday, sent in a letter to-day, protesting against our proceedings in tho | case of appeal from Ohio, on the admis; siun of eolored people Attempts lmvo oeen maue in a few instances, to excito I this body on the subject, but Philip S. While of Pa., and S. V. Carey can still , the troubled waters. # I find the people here to be much moro ! courteous thnn was anticipated; I have ; been, so far, pleased with my visit. If ' we only worked as the Yankees do ve ; should greatly outstrip them. I cannot I fully understand how they aro ftblo to ! buiid, wear fine clothes and live ns welt ] as they do. I do not know when the National Division will get through, but | hope we may to-day. This Hall is en I j^ugcu lo-nigm; tue colouration ot the battlo of Bunker Hill takes place in | Chni lestown in Monday noxt; I think of going there. The next meeting o( this j body is fixed for Toronto, in Canada; on : the third Tuesday in June next. The National Division hr?-j allowo ' nil Grand . Division's lo hold their annual Divisions where they please. And I tried to get leave for them to sit when they wish, j No apportionment of members | I hopo our meeting at Pendleton mav j he well attended. Everywhere the peo! pie nro fond of show; our public exhibitions do good, I lmvc no doubt but for I the ruin, Boston on Tuesday, would : have made great progress in our glorious 1 cause. j. Last night we had a public meeting I in old Faneuii llal'i?large collection of ' people addressed by Rev. C. B. Parsons, of Kentucky, one of the largest men in | this organization, nnd tallest^ voice?nnd , Gen. S. F. Carey, of Ohio, P. M. W. P., a lawyer, nnd excellent speaker. I have not had time to gee much of this city, but the bustle and noise is ns great in somo of theso streets as any I have been in. The people here do not ent as much bread as we do; they have potatoes, fruit, ifcc., nnd ns lo menu they have good beef, pork, bacon, &c.; but thoy use more fresh oysters, turtlos <fecj 7 O'clock, p. m. The National Dlyisison has justgoi, through business, djfrcn and dismissed wi'h prayer by PajljMhs of Kentucky. I may now wait for tnocclr>hrnlinn nn Rn^l/n'iv Tlill An Mnnilnv ?? I - ?* ; it is now too l:\tu to lenvo for Providence or New Yoik. Adieu, JOSEPH GIUSHA^I. ") if. * Post Offick Removal; ^-Groal excitement nnd rejoicing won)- manifested in Deerfield, New 1 lampshiraj the other day, nil consequet?|&if the removal from the post office, rffc -fhe nijindato of tho nugust cabinet . of Mr. Stevens, whohn^H'kl ihnl luciiilivv ofpast. wdVensS^W pJfr Wwhjj^ a! jack , llalc ''Indepenw^yP^^^hp.d the good KPnSP. wllPIl dfVlftSrfruirim wn\\t band and glovcf\vil,h the (i unison infidel abolitionists, ' itpfvO bo Mtevcns rcmo\atnmamvmr^t-8meiiinff abolitionist of stamp npThnNVw \ Ilcok snys (lint wlien tlio news re^oUe^l ><-c-rfudd, "firo crackcra and rockfttn, iitrt rt.dircu: a dozen, | were considered notinn? n?T3J?gardeU CXi pens?. An c(]igj" of the? decapitated t post-master wnh publkKMuu'ned, amidst * tlio huzzas, and fit thajfexpenso of tho-ab? olition men an4 maidens <>? tlio vicinity? all led on and under the direqtion of Mw\. Oen JfK) Hartford, (Up <it!ict'distinguished celebrities ot the Carol itiiar* m?, 'i w l wS flH ; |