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E-4, H ERif'AL DA SADVERTISING RATES. - 561.00 per square (one inch) for firat insertiot IS IDohle clumnAdvertisements ten tere 0. gVV,RY WEDNESDAY MORtNING i.o aoe E V E Y W D N S D A M R N I G ,N otic s of m eetings, obituaries and tribu ts of respect, same rates oer square as ordinasy At Newberry, S. V.. advertisements. -- perline. BY. THOS. F. GRENEKER, and charged accordingly. Editor and Proprietor. __________ _____ _ 71 - -- ~- ---iSe.cial contat sd ~ ne on afe saver Terms, Sk.00 per .1num,i i l Invariably in Advance. A Family Companion, Devoted to Literature, Miscellany, News, Agriculture, Markets, &c * 4- The paper is stopped at the expiration of DONEWITHNEATNESSANDDISPATCH time for which it is paid. The X mark denotes expiration or sub Vo XVII. NEW BERRY, S. C., WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 17, 1881. No. 33. TERMS CASH. cription. Watches, Veoc-s, Jewelry. VffCHES HIND JBIEELII At the New Store on Hotel Lot. I have tow on hand a lurge and vlegan as-iortentit of WATCHES, CLOCKS, JEWELRY Silver and Plated Ware, VIOLIN AND GUITAR STRINGS, SPECTACLES AND SPECTACLE CASE, WEDDING AND BIRTHDAY PRESENTS. IN ENDLESS VARIETY. All orders by mail promptly atten3ed to. Watchmaking and Repairisc Done Cheaply and with Dispatch. iall and examine my stock and prices. EDUARD SCHOLTZ. Nov. 21, 47-tf. eFiscellaneous. *I TO IYKIYBOIY I A BEALTIFUL BOOK FOR THE ASKING! By applying personally at the nearest of fice of THE S'NTGER MANUFACTURING 0. (or by postal card if at a distance) any ADULr person will be presented with a beau tifully illustrated copy of a New Book enti tled. CENIUS REWARDED, --OR THE Stol of the sewing machine, containing a handsome and costly steel en graving frontispiece; also, 2S finely en graved wood cuts, and bound in an elabo rate blue a,d gld lithographed cover. No charge whatever is made for this handsome book, which can be obtained only by appli cation at the branch and subordinate offices of The Singer Manufacturing Co. THE SINGER MANUFACTURING CO. Principal Office, 31 Union Square, May 8,~ 20-ly New York. NEVER FAILS ,To Give tntire Satisfaction. A pill that has become standard and is having an unprecedented sale throughout the South, is GILDER'S Liver Pills, They are honest, They are certain, They have no equal, And are recommended by thousands as be ing and doing all that the proprietors claimi for them. They have never failed to have the de sired effect where other pills have been un successfully tried. -AT W. E. PELHAM'S. Dec. 15, 47 -ly. NEW HOTEL. This commodious edifice, situ ited on MAIN STREET, NEWBERRY, S. C., and known as the BLEASE HOTEL, is now open, and invites the people onme aind alH to call and know what can be done at all hours, to wit: An Extra Good Breakfast, Dinner, or Supper, for TWENTY-FIVE GENTS. Forty or fifty regular boarders will be ta.ken at proportionately low rates. The convenience of location, excellent spring water, well furnished table, etc., wommend this house to every one. Oct. 16, 42-tf. Yourselves by making money j when a golden clhance is offered, thereby always (keeping poverty Iromn your door. Those who al ways take adivantage of the good chances f,;r making money that are offered, gene r-ally become wealthy, while those who do not improve such chances remain in pover ty. We want many men, women, boys and girls to work for us right in their own lo calities. The businesas will pay more than ten times ordinary wages. We furnish at expensive outfit and all that you need, free. No one who engages fails to mnak' money very rapidly. You can devote yomn whole time to the work, or only your spare moments. Full information and ali that iL needed sent free. Address Stinson & Co. Portland, Maine. Oct. 13, 42'-ly. BELOW COST. W~ORTH FOJ Manumal of Disciyline, Methodist,S'i00 $ .5 Paine's Life of McKendre,2 vols. 4.00 2.0 Ee vElesia...............-. 1.75 1.0 1tivers' Elements of Mental Phil osophy....................1 0 - Pastoral Theology............1l-0 - Mother's Portrait.............. -0 - Methodism in Earnest. .. ..... .I - Life of lUobert Newton ....0 . Life of Fletcher, Paine..........1.0 . Chri,tian Father's Present-....- 0 - Life of .Johni Wesley........... 2*0 .0( Apo.tolical Succeision........ I - IIistory of England, (c-loth)3 vo:s :.0n 2.0 Modern Classigs..........-... I .51 Life of Christ....-.-----------.- - 1-') Woodrutf-s Stories.....-..--..--. -- -) .5 Science in Story. 5 vols...... . 4.00 --01 Bible Dictionary. .... .--- - - - The Woman in Battle.......... 3.00 1.51 edpath's History of United States. (morocco)....----.---.---- 4. 2. Centennmal Giazetteer of United States,(shep)---------..5.00 3. And many other Books in PROSE and POETR3 EQUALLY AS LOW. AT T. F. GRENEKEW'S 300K STORK. Mar. 30 1S-tf. t ~oetrn. A POETICAL WEDDING. A roman tic couple were united in Ohio by the following poetical ceremony: MINISTER. This woman wilt thou have, t Aid cherisher for li'e; Wilt love and comfort her: And seek no other wife? HE. 'his woman I will take That stands beside me now; I'll find her board and clothes, And bave no other "frow." XMIIsTER. And for your linsbaud will You take this nice young man. 3 Obey his slightest wish, s And love him all you can? SHE. I'll love him all [ can, Obey him all Icboose, And when I ask for funds C He never must refuse. V MINISTaR. Then you are man and wife, And happy may you be! As many be your years As dollars is my fee! t t I1MXIGRATION . A 7aper Read at Greenville, S. C., July 26, 1881, at a Meeting of the State Agricul tural Society and State Grange, by lames McIntosh, of Newberry, 8.C. a Mr. President and Gentlemen : The econonies of public weal and welfare are subjects of practi cal interest at all times, and should q be approached in a spirit free from n all locai and individual preconcep- s tions, and considered wit.h the broad and liberal purpose of dis t covering that. which is for the greatest good to the m any. And with the hope, Mr. Presi- n dent, that %N e may now take up V the subject of immigration in that spirit. I shall offer the following j suggestions and remarks, expect- a inga from the discussion to follow tht,re wili result a better ander st:thitig and a Iutlier oppreciation t of I hi itilportalice i of li iis snbject of I ini.ral iui. For whether we 9 t View it ill its suci:l. its itdustrial, its financial, or its political aspects, it presents under each one of these heads problems worthy of a serious and thoughtful considera 0 p tion, and opens to our view what are destined to be the most im q >ortant factors in the future wel. fatro anid development of the State.. We can at present consider but few of these heads. And I pro. ~ pose to confine my remarks to the subject of immigration: the room for it, how to induce it, and the benefits resulting therefrom. What t immigration has done, what it has achieved for this country, isl an accomplished fact : and Iro what has been done in the past, we can safely draw'conclusions as to the future. If any one opposes immigration upon' the grounds of its doubtful good results, I would ask him who has developed this couDtry. His answer could be naught else than the immigrant and his descend ants. Now if the immigrant who came ither two hundred years ago and settled this country and had their numbers constantly aug-. m cented by new arrivals have developed a conntry and people second to none, and ma~de this development from an incongruous gathering, shall we with our social and legal restraints well defined not he enabled to receive new comners now. And just as the body aseimilates the different kinds of food into good and proper nourishment, assimilate into the body politic these immigrants fronm different lands, and make them good citizenis, aceommo dating themselves to our laws and modes of life. We certainly hawe a fairer~ prospect of success than our fathers bad. it has been a success in the past, and if taken I hold of properly now, will be a success in the future. As one of the elements then g onducive to this success let us consider the question, if there is room itn this State for Immigran ts, then how best we can induce this Iimmigration~ if I were to ask any one presentI ho has traveled to this meeting from the seaboard-from the astern middl or western por ion of the State, if he saw room or Imm:grarits, the reply would >e 'yes.' 'We looked over hun ireds yea thousands and tens of housands of acres that aro wait ng for the husbandman.' If we will only take the trouble o look over the late census re urns we can find facts there that vill even demonstrate this more ointedly to you than the ocular emonstration you have had. The rea of South Carolina is computed t 34,000 square miles, or 21,760, 00 acres. Now our population umbers 995,622 which will give ou about 30 inhabitants to the guare mile, or say one inhabitant r every 22 acres. Then in Svth arolina there is over 20 acres of ind to each man, woman, and hild within her limits. Now if 7e take into consideration the opulation of our cities and towns nd villages, the professional men, be teachers, the mechanics and be men of all trades through be country, and then allowing >r children and .women in the ricultural districts working as irm hands, we shall have a Lborer to about, 120 acres of Lnd. This shows we are not crowded, )r when we look over to Belgium nd see that there is only 1 2-5 cres to each inhabitant, to En land with only 1 acres, to Italy rith only 2 25 and to Germany rith only 3j, while here we have 2, a good deal of elbow room, so uch so that we could well have veral Immigrants sandwiched etween every native, withont here being any danger of their [bows touching, or of their tread l on each other's toes. But we eed not go to the old world 7e find in Massachusetts one in abitant to 2 6-8 acres, in New ork one to 5, Ohio one to 8 ores. Now these figures as to our ant population in comparison to hese populous countries should rouse our landowners to look at his subject in its industrial lights, s well as its pecuniary results. 'he price of land necessarily de ends on the demand for the same, nd the demand comes from the opulation. Double your popula ion and you will find that you uadruple instead of doubling the rice of your land. PoprJation ncreases in two ways; by the nat ral way and by immigration. )r increase by natural means has een slow; it has not equalled the emand, and there is only one ay in which it can be quickened, hat is by immigration. Now our armers and landowners should e that the only way to bring ito market and make available hese 120 acres that they have to very labover -is to take steps to rcrease immigration. If you wish o sell your land increased populIa ion increaseq its value. If you nly wish to rent, you will be etter off with two, three or four enants than you can be witb one. .nd there is this lawv of population hich may be put down as infalli >de, that as population increases ndstry is naturally diversified ; .nd the farm feels it as much as ny of the other departments of h industries of life. And the armers of this State would find ith an increased population such demand for diversified farm pro ucts thnab the size of their one iorse farms would diminish at rnce, for he would be engaged in aising crops requiring so much ore attention than the same imber of acres in cotton and corn equire, that the laborer could nly cultivate a much smaller umber of acres. Now we come to consider the uestion how to induce immigra ion. And in attempting to turn ut of its accustomed channels a ortion of the tide of emigration owards our own State, there .are no doubt many difficulties arid bstcles to be overcome. And it cannot be done without vork,intelligent methodised effort inder a sagacious management, .ith a liberal outlay of money. V he limited appropriation made y the Legislaue at its last ses sion is bearing abundant fruit. Under a wise management an been appointed ; arrangement a!ready effected' for securing ant forwarding from Castle Garden N. Y., to Columbia, any immi grants wanted as laborers. Cheal rates of transportation arrange( with the Railroad and Steamshi: lines from New York to Columbia so that the adults' fare is bul $10.00, children from 5 to 12year. only $500, and those under % years free. And with a building secured as a temporary home if Columbia, and cheap rates fo boarding; and the fares on oui State Railroads reduced to a mini mum; we have an Immigration Bureau in good working order ready to supply any class of labor ers wanted, at kuch small cost, that already daring the few months of its existence 500 immi. grants have been settled in the State. This may look small but when we consider that the censuE of 1880 only showed 7,641 foreign born inhabitants this may be bui a beginning that will swell that anumber. so that when another cen sus is taken those few thousandf will be hundreds of thousands. But we want not only laborers but those emigrants who react our shores with means and mone3 to invest in lands and homes these are the immigrants we want aid to reach this class the opera tions of the Immigration Bureat must be extended. For at pres ent from the small appropriatior at the disposal of the Immigratior Bureau they have not the mean. to get up the statistics and propei data which decide these immi grants in their selections of locali ties for homes. This can only b( done through a liberal appropria tion by our next Legislature. Anc the Immigration Bureau havinc the advantage of being able t< profit by the experience of th( other States already engaged ir this work will avoid much of th< useless expense attending untriec experiments. For these States and the trunk lines of Railroadi leading West from New York have for years been spending their money freely in bringing t the attention of the immigrani all the advantages other sectioni possess. They have books, pam phlets and railroad maps carefull prepared for free distribution, do scribing all the Counties of theim State, the soil, the climate, thi population, the productions, thm manufacturing advantages, th< mineral deposits, in fine anything likely to attract an emigrant's eye And these are not only given t< the emigrant upon his arrival ir New York, but, in the hands o trusty agents, are distributed ox shipboard, at all tbe Bailing port' and even amid the hamlets of thi rural population in the old world So that one desirious of ernigra ting can with little or no troubb4 procure one of these pamphlet before he leaves home to seek hi. fortune in a strango land ; car study the country he proposes t< make his future home, And count ing up his money he can ever before starting map out his ex penees. So much for travelling so much for land, so much for team, so much for farming utensils so much for the first year's sup port, as this pamphlet often ap proximates the cost of each o these items. So with all this in formation before hand the part2 decides to seek a new home, whei without it his careful training an< habits of saving would have kep him from running the unknowi risks of an emigrant's life. Nov to such inquiries in regard to ou: State but little information can b< given. We have such a pamnphle in preparation by our Agricultura Bureau. It should have a larg circulation;in facet such a pamphie would give valuable informatio: to many of the residents of th< State itself, and if distribate< through many of the Northeri and North western States wvoulh be the means of bringing to thi attention of many seeking ne~ homes the advantages our Stati possesses and thus induce the imu migration of a class more valnabl than any foreign element we cai reach. It should also be printei in differenL languages and sen especially to those countries whici i shall select as the most advanta I geous to induce immigration from. And special immigrant rates - might be made with the Ocean Steamship lines and Railroads to I and from New York and Charles ton, so that the expenses of trans portation might be reduced to the. minimum. For the securing of cheap transportation is quite an item to the immigrant selecting a location for a home, as well as to the farmer who must advance the cost of transportation of any im migrant coming to him as a laborer.; This pamphlet to answer the purpose, should have a complete map of the State, with a deicrip tion of each county and its cli-: mate. For our State, though small in area, combines every variety cf climate between her sea coast and and mountain range. And can furnish a home for the European Immigrant approximating his old one; whether he comes from the bleak shores of Sweden or the sunny slopes of Italy. Its pro ductions too should be mentioned, for with this varied climate and varying altitude above the sea level are grown produts of quite as varied a niture. . Cotton might be put down as the staple crop, and one secure it from the ravages that attend it, in warmer latitudes, but at the same time corn, rice and the cereals are also all our standard crops,witb vegetables, vines and fruits of all kinds growing in profusion, lum ber and minerals in abundance. And one important point worthy of mention, that we have water communication and rail road fa cilities to all points. To an emigrant going west as sound advice as can be given him is to examine his location as much with regard to rail road facilities, as to the fertility of the land itself. With us the transportation ques tion is of small moment, the se lection of a home can be made anywhere. This point also should not be lost sight of, that in giving the price of land in this State, it is of land having rail road facilities, with as a general thing more or less improvements upon it. Such land as out West would be classed as improved and be rated at from - $10 to $20 per acre. We have no 'land so destitute f market fa cilities as much of that in the West which is offered at $2.50 per acre. And the immigaant seeking a bomne should consider that though he may in the wilds of the far West procure land at a cheap price that will bring him thirty r to forty bushels of corn or wheat, that those are their only crops While in this State he can diversi fy his crops if he chooses, and if he makes only 10 to 12 bushels of corn, he can sell that corn at from seventy-five cents to one dollar .per bushel and is realizin.g really more money than the Westein man who sells for from 25 to 33 cents per bushels. And besides we are apt to rate the productions of these Western lands 'too high. Asin Western Oregon the average yield is put at 20 bushels in Min nesota at 16 bushels, in Dakota at ,25 to 28 bushels on the large im. . proved farms and not more than -. 15 or 16 'on the average farms. F With the differ-ence in price the balance stands in our favor as to rthe net results, for the cost of itransportation far more than 1 makes up the difference, of produc t tien, especially when you get a Sway from railroad communication. SThis is the strong point that the e lands in the older States have to Sput as a set off against the cheap t Government and State lands in I these new States, which can be a bought from 80 cents to 82 50. It t is that these lands generally lack irailroad facilhties, and often the a most advantageous situaLions have i already been bought up by specu t ators and held at a large advance I upon the Government price. Now 3 our St.ate has but little land that rshe could put upon the market at 3 at a low price, but what she has .might be utilized in this way as a much as possible. Every piece of SState land might be surveyed, i and when in larger bodies than 40 t acre tracts should be cut up into a lots of 40 acres each. These then a should be offered to bona fide im migrants at a very nominal prico, part to be paid when he takes possession, and the balance at the end of three years, if he has been in continous occupation of the land and improved it to a certain extent. With this proviso that he has no right in or title to this laud to dispose of it until he has been in actua. residence upon it for three years. Our Commissioner of Immigra tion could easily have a descrip tion and survey made of these lands, and call specal attention to them in the pamphlet he is to issue. And again every immigrant pur chasing State land, or land from a private individual, might by Legis lative enactment be exempt from the payment of taxes upon such land for a period of three years provided such land does not ex ceed in value $300.00. Again there are many parties in the State owning large bodies of land which they are ready to sell, and they find no purchasers. If these parties would have their lands surveyed and divided up into smaller tracts and descriptions of them sent to the Commissioner of Immigration, with an offer to sell even alternate sections it would be a mutual benefit both to the land owner and to the immigraut, as in the one case purchasers would be found, and in the other a wider field secured for the immigrant to make a selection from. And just here I would say if we would reap the full advantages of immigration and retain within our borders all who come to*us, it is important to bold out to all some inducement for securing a home eventually. If the immigrant comes merely as a laborer, a stranger speaking in a strange language and unable to hold converse with those around him, it is but a natural sequence that a time of despondency should come; when his longings go back to the Father-land; when a feel ing of dissatisfaction with his sur roundings takes hold upon him ; and a restless desire for change will if he is a laborer by the month or day .ake him seek that change, for hehas nothing at stake, no thing to lose by the change. But if, instead, he has anything in vested in a home; if he has made a contract that gives him some interest in his home. be is inter ested to that amount, and that interest, be it ever so little, will mtake him cast these repinings behind his back and cling to his new home. And if our farmers who take these immigrants when they come as laborers, unable to buy a piece of land, and will make contracts with them for a period of years, with the proviso that if the immi grant stays the time out, he will own in fee simple his house and say 5 or 10 acres ; he would find that this tenant wonld look upon every month of his stay as an in vestment in that parcel of land, and very soon would he be loth to leave a place in which he has acquired au interest, greater or lee's according to the time spent upon it. And the farmer would feel assured that as soon as this tenant comes into possession of his land he will have a purchaser for those acres lying contiguous to it, and the increased price at which he could either sell or rer.t it to thrifty tenants would far more than repay him for the few acres he had originally settled his tenant upon. And again with such interested tenants around him he wonld be in a measure freed from that annual bugbear of the farmer's life at present, the securing of hands at the com mencement of the year to work his laud. Now there is another point I would like to call attention to; it is the benefits to be derived from immigration- The beneficial re suts of immigration have been so marked in the advance and im provement of many of the sections of the United States that it is ir. possible to gainsay them. Take the State of New York ; by the eensus of 1880, 31 per cent. of he population is foreign born. W here would the marvellous pros perity of t hat State be if she was without this * of her population? Massachusetts owes her prosperi ty to ber 33 per cent. or foreign born population ; so does Illinois with her 23 per cent. And the Northwestern States, as Michigin with her 31 per cent., Wisconsin with her 44 per cent., and Minne sota with her 52 per cent., give evidence of what immigration has done in building them up. And the United States as a whole, with 15 per cent. of her entire population foreigif born, gives evidence, of what a power immigration still exerts in the developing of her varied indus tries. Now, gentlemen, what percent age of this. benefit has falen to the share ofour State? Weanawer none-absolutely none. The cen sus returns of 1880 show 7,641 foreign horn persons in South Carolina only 7.10 of 1 per cenL as foreign born. New York shows 31 per cent. South Carolina !eis than 1~per ceni. New York is throbbing with life, along her rivers, her lakes, her canals, her magnificent rail roads; new enterprises are daily springing up within her borders. South Carolina is only beginning to arouse herself to the conscious ness of her needs of life, energy and capital. Now will any one deny that im migration is the factor which is developing New York, and if it is still developing as old a State as New York what is to keep it from doing the same for us, if it is properly encouraged and fostered in the future ? All that has been accomplished in this State for the last twenty years, has been done by her native population. Sup pose for a moment she had gotten during this period, her share of this foreign born population, it would have added to her numbers some-'140,000 whites. Can you estimate what the advantag,,s re suiting therefrom would have been? Politically we would have had another member of Congress, and been of that much more im portance in the' Congress of the States; and in the State would have had that numerical white strength that would already have nettled one of the problems'that now con fronts us with the ever recurring race issue. Like Banquo's ghost this issue will not down- at our bidding, for it's a terribly live ghost, and with threatening finger casts a dark shadow over every pic ture that we may draw of the fu ture of our State. This ghost should be laid, gentlemen ; the relative increase of the two races will never lay it, you can only lay it by increasing your white population. And this alone im migration can do for you. And financially we could bardly estimate what would have been the outcome, from the capital and labor thus introduced amungst us. This tide of emigration from the old world is something :ilmost marvelous. In the decade from 1870 to 1880, some 2,812,177 emi grants landed in the Western States. And arready for the past six months of this year the arri vals amount to 241,863, almost a quarter of a million, a number largely in excess of the arrivals during any preceding six months, and the feeling of dissatisfaction in England, Ireland and Germany is stronger than it. ever was and constantly sending to our shores many of their valuable citzens, pos sessed of considerable means often able to buy land and build com fortable homes, and most all these immigrants come with their points for locating already determined on and settle down where the severties of a northern winter or the hardships of frontier life far more than counterbalance the cheapness of the land, or any other advantages those sections possess compared to the South. And there is no one to set forth the claims of our Southern clime and point out to them properly the advantages we can offer. It does seem to me, gentlemen, that this meeting gives you a most opportune time to memorialize the Legislature. to increase the appro priation for the Immigration Bu reau, so it can be put at once upon an efctive working footing Our Legislature will find the popular feeling more in aecord upon this subject than ever before, and ready to approvo of i mode. rate outlay ofi money. in this diree tion. And this outlay wi. have the. sympathy and assis.tnce tbatV capital secking investment hero can give. Our mauufacturing in dustries and Rail Roads will work. in unison with it. The Rail Roads South seeing what advantages the great iank lines No-th have resped ,wiili cheap immigrant rates, not only - from the. vast numbers passing over their lines, but from theship ments of supplies- made-to supp1y the wants of the inmigriGs well as the carryg the products of his labor to market, have under a wise management -ofered -the same facilities to the inimiit coming South. A new 'fea'tmr in our South tlantic Rail. Road and we will soon find -them work ing hand in hand with, the St'te authorities and will see their Rail Ro;%d advertisements catching t eye of theimmigrat and the, ery - inducements they offer be the means of inducing -many to tn-n their steps Southward. And now before cloing I Aould like to call your attention. to one other important fact in this oMn nection. -Travel where you 4ay over this broad continent,-andtbis fact will make itself eviden.to every careful observer who studies the subject of labor: That 'while the colored laborer f so far as the prodct of his la6or 6a concerned is a valuable -laborej can live cheaper. than . the whife laborer when forced to-by necessi ty, is at the same time-s wasteful and improvid6nt labdre'r. " ild when we consider him as.t.he factor that in the labor of acountry,is to develop that country, though we ad him capable as far as masa capi. bility is concerned, and biddal. in his ordinary wark :-. still. in tho nett results attained in a period - of years he is -a failure so far as poSitiveri 0its determine the developuient of a coun try. Discuss this subject as we my, propose to.remedy it bylegislatio1.by education, or any other meas, -the fact stands patent to all that the-ett results from white and colored aber in the develop'ment of a ontry's sources. bear no comparison.th.on" with the -other. The negro laboer makes his crop of cotton andescareely anything else, and when 'his yea?s expenses are paid there is but little to T show for his year/s .work. .And athis , little is soon spent in the-first extr agance that catches his eye. There ' is a lack of individual development, of individual imnprovemeat, of idividual ity itself in this labor, without which nothing either of private or bationat enterprise can be a succem~ Now, on the other band, when ye consider the results derived. from white~ labor, whether native born or what little we have of istaigri labor, ~ we find what ? That though this labcr may have cost mare to live during the - year, it has left that much more money in some one else'a liands. And the money for that subsistence -has bees made out of the labor itself; and be-., sides there is to show for:'this labor, after expenses are paid, something in - the way of stock, and' some provender for this stock, and some little some thing in the home itself, though it may be but little. These gains, though they may be small in their individual aspects, still in the aggregate add yearly to the general welfare and pros perity ; and in the course of a few years make a most markedashow of what individuality of labor does. In ' proof of this I.will only ask:you to select in our State any County or even a portion of a County, where the land/ is divided up ibto small farms and cultivated in great measure if not en. tirely by white labor. And see if you will not find that section self support ing, prosperous, land selling readily and at a good price. While on the other hand take any section -where the land has-been and is, still held in large bodies, that has to be rented or cultivated upon shares by hired labor, or is owned mainly by the colored people, and there you find debt mortgages, farming-unprofitable, land ;~ unnarketable and selling cheap. Now, whether theocolored laboreri is atogether to blame for this, or wheti)er y he is in a measure the creature of cira en I am not rare t ay, explanatie