University of South Carolina Libraries
FEBRUARY. S 3| T W T F 1 2 3 4 5i 61 7 8 9 10 11 12 13, '14 15 16 17 18 191201 '21 22 23 24) 25. 26 271 ;23 - - - - - - MKINTS FOR THIE FARMERS. THE CULTIVATION OF CLOVER-ITS VALUE AS A SGUTHERN CROP. An Essay Read before the State Ag ricultural and Mechanical &ciety by Mr. S. C. Means, of Spartan burg. 4 Atko!g clover as a forage erop has re0eived some attention from the pens of a few writers through the different agricultural journals, yet the great mass of Southern farmers ".ppear to be both ignorant of its value as well as the best meth od of cultivating it. Havini had six years of experiencei1 'he cul tivation of clover, andiving sown upon different charactero of soil at different seasons of J year, and in different ways, yo* writer will endeavor as concisely as possible to give the result6f his experience, and if possible indicate what to himselfhas proven the most suc cessful method. The following or der of treating the subject will be adopte. -Theseed, soil and its pre paration; time and method of sow ing; manures used; its value as feed for stock ; its value as an agent for impro'fing lains, and ii importance under the present con dition of things a~s an economical supplement to the jirain crops o the South. ~ First, care should be taken in the selection of setI so as to get them as pure as piouable. iIt is~ some times the case that noxious weeds and grasse~s are introduced with the clover seed, which are difficult to eradicate. It would be Tell to deal only with the most reliable seed merchants, and when an unmixed and an usa'ubratjd article jse cured eacT~ firinei shouTai gatierI his own seed. - I'his- can be done (though rudely) by cutting what is known asdheeood crop, when the[ seed havifully ripened, and run ning through :a common grain thresher and winnowing. The straw, though not so nutritious when cut at so late a period, will yet repay the care and labor of saving, as cattle will eat it greedily during the. winter and be much benefitted. Whoever so 'vs clover upon a poor soil unaided by fertilizers, no mat ter to whati class of soils it belongs, nor what may be its mechanical e-mdition, will eertainly find that his time and labor have been thrown away. Any soil that rests upon a: stiff clay sub-soil, within a reasona ble distance from the surface, may be made to produce good crops of clover by proper manuring and draining if necessary. The best results have been obtained from stiff clay soils, (the less sand the better,) well manured. The soil! should be well and deeply bi oken w i t h narrow, diamond-pointed ploughs, and the surface as thor-' oughly pulverized as possible. If large elods should be thrown up, a' heavy two-horse roller should fol low; but if the land is just in the right condition and breaks well, the roller need not be used until after the seed and manure have been harrowed in. It is often the case that we find what is known in wet weather as1 sprouty pllaces. These should be well drained (under-draining is best) to prevent the severe freezes of winter from throwing out the! clover, as it will be sure to do, no matter how well it may be estab lished in the soil, previous to the freeze. It is best that the land should have been cleanly cultiva ted for two or more years previousi to putting down to clover, and thus avoid as far as possible those pests, crabgrass, ragweeds, &c., which some persons claim to be an advan-' tage as they shade and protect the clover from the sun, but which ac cording to my experience choke down and destro it Immediately :he plant a vigorous growth, and ;o establish it as to resist the reezes of winter. Stable manure, cotton seed, ashes, lime, and in Ene almost anything that tends to nrich the soil, will be found to be beneficial to clover. A less amount of seed might be used if they were all perfect and equally distributed, but practically we find that fifteen pounds is not too much, as the great desidera tum is to secure a good "catch." Again, when the clover is thickly "set" upon the soil, the yield will be greater and the stalk smaller, consequently it will "cure" better and make better hay. It has been the practice of some persons to mix the seed with ashes, lime, sand or some other divisor in order to sow regularly, but I have found that any one accustomed to sowing small grain well can soon learn to dis tribute clover seed regularly and equally and without other aid. It would be well to select a quiet time when the wind is not blowing for sowing the seed. Farquhar's iron toothed, expanding harrow is ad mirably adapted to. the work Af pulverizieg the soil and turning! the seed and feitilizer. A simple roller can be constructed by insert ing .in the ends of a section of a log,four or six feet in - length by one and a half to two feet in diam eter, gudgeons, to which shafts or a tongue can be attached as the powe to overcome the obstinacy of the clods may be found necessary. All gpod g&rdenersar aware of the necessity of compacting the soil upon small seeds in order to pro. duee simultaneous and perfect ger mination. The same rdlO is appli cable to clover. Clover seed can often be har rowed in, or other small grain, in February or March, with good -re sWts--or it would yet be better,. il not down until then, to sow it alone. When sown in the spring, or other small grain,-its growth is dwarfed by the superior growth of the other, and when the other is cut off, a sickty growth of clover, unused to the sun, is left to dwingile and die under the influence of a hot har vest san unless the seasons; are peculiirly favorable-even thei is der the most favorable circum stances the grasses and weeds have an equal; if not a better start than the clover, and will retard its growth, if not endanger its exist. enee. - lover inaWn indSpteflb)r with. out anfy 6tier grain'wi1l give a good yield the following spring, and if intended for hay shiould never be pastured at ay time. In- most leetions of the South clover is not needed as a pasture, as the wild clover and broornsedge upon our "old fields" afford the best pasture (everything consid ered) we can possibly have. A top-dressing in early spring, such as was harrowed in with the seed, will be found to pay well. T welve or fifteen bushels of limo per acre, broadcast on a well-established elover sod in the fall, will procure remar kable results. Lime, besides being one of the most- imiportant constituents of the plant, will soak with the rains through the soil,aet ing mechanically in decomposing the organic, and in disintegrating ruch of the inert, inorganic mat ter ad preparing it for plant food. Whilst land plaster is considered he specific manure, and is certain. Ly valuable, yet I. have never ob lained such results from its use as s generally attributed to it, and would not rely on it alone to se. aure a good crop. One bushel per acre, broadcast on the field niot long after a crop is taken off, also in early spring, just as the plant is beginning a lively growth, will be found very beneficial. Harvesting a crop of clover is very simple and cheap, when properly prepared for it. A two. horse mower, one-horse rake and four hans can easily cut, rake .nd throw into hay-cocks the crop >f six acres in one day, leaving he hauling and housing as the beaviest part of the work. Im >lemnents have been invented for aeilitating the hauling and hous ng, (making the work a light >ne,) and will be used bere when we get to raising clover more ex ~ensively. When clover is pre pared and wilted, it should then e raked and thrown up into hay. :oeks, to remain about two days, when it will be ready for housing. )f course the weather should, to i great extent, control its manipu. .ation. Of that each one must be als own judge. But it will be aid that every one cannot buy a nower and horse rake. This ob ection can be easily met by carry. n-ottefnamna rnil no ant the inndamantal m-inninin stock depends not only upon its intrinsic worth per se,.but the cost of growing, harvesting, &c., enter materially into the calculation. An application of the compound already given, upon an' acre of poor land in September, at the time of sowing, with the same re peated early in spring as a top dressing, will at a cost of twenty dollars give from one and a ball to two tons of bay at one cutting. No account will be taken of the cost of preparing and sowing the land, working and gathering the crop, as compared with other grain crops, as the difference is not very great, except with corn, when the cost of the latter li much greater. Some idea can be formed of the nutritive value of clover hay by referring to Bossingault's table ol nutritive equivalents, who makes one ton of the hay worth forty bushels of oats, twenty-four and a half of wheat, twenty-tour and a half of corn, twenty-five and a half of rye, and twenty-six arin two-thirds of barley. The markel value of these articles will indi cate the real value of one ton o clover hay. 2Now this is but little over the -half of one crop from an acre o poor land, at a cost of twenty dol lars in fertilizers. A second cror can be had the same year and nearly equal in quantity and value and the same amount realized foi two years more without addition al preparation or sowing and witi but a moderate expenditure foi fertilizers as a top-dressing. Similar treatment of land, already in good heart,will be attended witi good results much more favorable Clover is a valuable feed for horses, cattle and hogs, -ut 'S es pecially so'for work animals, con taining, as it does, so much of the flesh-forming principles. As a green manure, perhaps there is nc other crop so- vauaable-certainly none possessing so -many other valuable qualities. Having a long tap-root, penetrating the soil fron twelve to eighteen inches in depTh the sub-soil which has never beer toucbed by the plough-point it partially under-drained by being rendered mnore porous and *arm ed by a freer circulation of air whilst it is forced to yield its rick treasures for ages-unused. -At tbi sanie time the 16af li' drawini from the air (th.esoure-of all or ganic rmanares) fabulone -amounti of the elements of fertility. Thui drawingsfrom the air th.irga'nie and from the sub-soil the inorgan ic mnasuris and assimilating them upon de~cay, restor'e them to th< surface soil- where they are easil2 appropriated by succeeding crops The cost, therefore, of producing good erop of clover should not b charged alone to the clover, becaus the value of the land is greatly enhan ced, and the yield of other crops tha follow vastly increased. The cost when properly divided between th< increased value of the land and the in creased production of succeeding crops will be very small indeed upon th, clover when compared with its rea value. I have no hesitancy in sayini that three facts can be established il favor of clover-that it is the most er tain crop we can raise, that it will pro duce.more feed for stock at less: es than any other crop, and that it is fa superior to any other crop as a fertilii ing agent. Whilst I feel equal to th< proof of these assertions, yet the tim and occasion will not allow the discus sion in detail. Assuming, then, that our estimoat of clover is correct, we come finally t4 consider the influence it should hay in the future of the South. Unfortu nately for the Southern people, cottoi seems to have demanded, remunerating prices, and all have gone into it reck lessly, hoping thereby to lift them selves from the mire into which th< general wreck has thrown them. ThE all-cotton system, under this Upa: shade of government, has tended only to sink them deeper in the mire. Cotton field laborers as rulers influ enced by their willing and thievisl tools, commonly known as carpet-bag gers and scalawags, and backed by a hostile National Government, have by their boasted system of confisca tion and by taxation, so arranged it a~ to make the production of cotton eosi nearly all that it is worth in the mar ket, whilst a very considerable portiot of the supplies used must be bought 'at just as much loss as they cost. . Un der this system the cotton plantei proper (unless he has set up a litth store to catch his neighbor's cottor also,) has found himself fritterina away, gradually though constantly the little that was left from the wreeck of the war. A change is therefore needed-i something that is more economically raised than cotton and more difficult to convert to anothers use in order t< make the farm self-sustaining, and~ after this, cotton only as a markel crop and the exponent of' our clesl proflts~ Our great want is to procure Colunmtia wat 18. FALL AND R. & W. 0 COLUMBI Are now opening the largesi stock of READY-MADI ATS. AND NTS I That can be found in the City. IN OUR CUSTOM We have a full line of FORE] SIMERES and VESTINGS, der in the best manner, and gi All orders will have best ati Goods sent C. 0. D., subject JOHN C. DIAL, COLUMBIA, S. C. .LDEAL.R-IN Lime, Cement, Plaster, Hair, Laths, Locks, Hinges, Nails, Bradi, White Leads and Colored Paints, Varnishes, Brushes, Paint Oils, Glass, Putty, &c. All goods warranted as represented, and prices guaranteed as low as any house in this city for same quality of goods. Nov. 4, 44-8m. FALL AND WINTER LOTII AD HATS AND MENS' FURNISHING GOODS. KINARD & WILEY, COLUMBIA, . C, Lespectflyanuc that their stock ofI CLOTH and HAnc is complete, and will be kept so throughthe season; isthelar est in the city, and will be suld at L EST PRICES. HATS HATS HATS WOOL IN FELT SILK 50e. up to $8.00. Scarlet Shirts and Drawers in Silk and Merino. Boys' and Youths' Clothing, New Styles. Fashionable Cut. Business Salts, $6, $8, $10, $12, $15, and up to $60. SHIRTS. SCARFS, GLOVES, BRACES, SUS -UMBREiAS an GINGIAM, inK great varieties, LOW IN PRICE. Oct. 21, 42-tf. JOHN C. DIAL, Direct Importer and Dealer in HARD WARE, COLUMBIA, S.-C., Has the largest variety of HARDWARE to be found-in the State. Call or send or ders and be convinced. Prices and quality. of gooda.guaranteed. Orders accompanied with cash or satis factory referer,ces,<ril have prompt atten tion. . Nov. 4, 44-8m. Se&gers'irs, GiOImImeI& The Beer. TeCincinnati Gazette makes the aston ishing announcement that Cincinnati beer iis no longer pure, but adulterated with mo lasses, sugar of starch,;fusel oil and-the poisonoos- colehicum. The Commissioner Sof Agriculture, in his report for 1885, says that Prof. Mapes, of New York, analyzed the beer from a dozen different breweries, and found all of it adulterated. Cocculus Indicus anl nusz vomica entered largely in 1o its composition. J. C. SEEGERS guarantees his beer to be pure4and reliable. He does noi. adulterate it, but brews from the best barley, malt and hops. Feb. 4, 5-tf. JOHN C. DIAL, COLUMBIA, S. C., Has a full stock of Building Materiel, Carpenters', Blacksmiths', Masons' and Tan Lners' Tools. All goods warranted as represented. Prices as low as the lowest for good goods. Orders with the cash, or satisfactory re ferences, promptly attended to. Nov. 4, 44-3m. M1. GOLDSMITH. P. KIND. i'uxwrnn, COLUMBIA, S. C.. GOLDMITH & KIN, Founrs ad Machinis8s Have always on hand Stationary Steam Engines and Boilers for Saw hills, Etc. SAW AND GRIST MILLS, Cotton Presses, Gearing, Shafting, Pulles, Etc. CASTLNGS of every kind in Iron or Brass. We guarantee to furnish Erigines and at aslw rates as cae ~a in the Nortnd PROVED IVTR WHE Ethic wDe Ire comnd o power, siplicty of construe ewarrant our work ad asure prompt Jan. 14, 2-tf. GOLDS bia S.D, THE FALL SESSION OF THE NEWBERRY FEMALE ACADEMY WILL COMMENCE ON THE 16TH SEPT, - rea A.10 P.n Ia A. P. Pfli'~R. A. M.. PrincinaL 'ertisemnen*s. WINTERS iri5. HTK SWAFFIELD, IA, S. C., most elegant and stylish t ] CLOTHING, 'RNISHING GOODS, t DEPARTMENT GN and DOMESTIC C AS which we are making to or iarantee satisfaction. ention. to inspection. Sep.s3, Stationery and Binding. NEW STITIONERY HIOUS8E. E. R. STOKES HAS just opened, in the new and hand some building immediately opposite the Pbcenix office, on Main street, a complete tock of STATIONERY, Comprising Letter, Cap and Note Paper, of all sizes, qualities and of eVery description; Flat Papers of Cap, Demy, Double-Cap, Me dium, Royal, :Super-Royal, and Imperial =ses, which will be sold in any quantity, or manufactured into Blank Books of any size, and ruled to any pattern, and bound in any style, at short notice. ENVELOPES In endless variety-all sizes, colors and quali ties. BLANK BOOKS Of every variety, Memorandum and Pass Books, Pocket Books, Invoice and Letter < Books, Receipt Books, Note Books. ARCHIrECTS and DRAUGHTSMEN will find a complete stock of materials for their I use. Drawing Paper, in sheets and rolls, Bristol Boards, Postal Paper and Boards, Oil Paper, Pencils, Water Colors, in cakes and boxes, Brushes, Crayons, Drawing Pens. SCHOOL STATIONERY Of every description; a great variety of con venient and useful articles for both Teachers and Pupils. ALSO, Photograh Albums, Writing Desks, Port folios, Cabas, with boxes, and a countless variety of FANCY ARTICLES. Also, 8 most elegant stock of Gold Pens and Pencil Cases, superbly-mounted Rubber Goods. INKS. Black, Blue, Violet mid Carmine, Indelible and Copying; Mucilage; Chess and Back gammon Men and Boards: Visiting and Wed ding Cards, and everything usually kept in a First Olass Stationery Douse, Which the subscriber intends this shall be.. He will still conduct his BINDERY and BLANK BOOK MANUFACTORY and PA PER-RULING ESTABLISHMENT, which, has been in successful operation for over thirty years in this State, and to which he, will continue to devote his own personal at tention. His stock will be kept up full and complete, and his prices will be found always reasonable, and he hopes to have a share of E. R. STOKES, Main Street, Nov. 15, 46-tf Opposite Phcanix Of fice. ESTABUSH~ EC1882. Nos. 3 Broad Street and 109 East Bay Street, CHARY.ESTON, S. C. VTATIONERS FIRST-CLAss WORK OUR SPECIALTY, YZT, EY U8ING cHEAPER GEADEs OF STOCK, WE CAN FUENIsH woRI AT LOWEST LiVING PRICES. FINE FASHIONASL.E STATIONERY, Piries Paper and Envelopes. wedding and Qali Jritations ON THE BEsT sTOCK AND PRINTED IN THE LATEST STYLE. Sep. 9, ''74-36-ly. Sterves, Tin Ware, #c. ToVES, TIN IIREt, &R L. H. REDUS, Agt., (SUCCESSOR TO W. T. WRIGHT.) Respectfully informs the citizens of New berry, that he has bought out the entire I stock of Mr. W. T. Wr:ght, and having Made Large Additions to the same is prepared' to supply all de mands At Low Prices for Cash. He keeps on hind every kind o,f Stove, Cooking, Parlor and Office, and all other articles in the tin line, and is prepared to execute all kinds of repairing. Guttering and Roofing ittended to promptly. An examination of stock, and orders for work solicited.( La. H. REDUS, Agent. b Dec. 16, 50-tf. NE ADL PE ADL AND eiVedicines. VE.GETA BLE V E /V P A mild aperient andigentle purgativa, re ommended forthe cure ot all dcrangement. >f the stomach, liver and bowels. By theil imely use much sickness is prevented. The est of many years have proven them to bt he safest, surest and best of all the pill, ver offered to the public. They purify th( ilood, remove all corruptions and restort he diseased system to perfect health. Aj a Antidote to Chills and Fever they have nc qual. For Sick Headache and Bilious Coli hey are a sure cure. For Constipation, Rhen, atism, -iles, Palpitation of the Heart, Pair a the Side, Back and Loins, Nervousness, E ositive remedy. For Female Irregularities ithout a rival. When one does not "fee -ery well," a single dose stimulates the sto nach and bowels, restores the appetite, ane mparts vigor to the system. Sold every vihere. Office, 18 Murray Street, New York Dr. Tutt's Hair Dye s easily applied, Imparts a beautiful blacl >r brown, and acts like magic. The best it he world. Sold by all druggists. Price 0.00 a box. The ghastly record of deaths that result fron >u1monary affections Is frightful. There ij io disease that is so insiduous in its attacl Ls consumption. By the neglect of "sligh olds" they soon become deep seated an lefy remedies which, if applied at the out ret, would have averted all danger. - Dr Putt's Expectorant has proven itself the mos raluable Lung Balsam ever discovered. A listinguished clergyman of New York, pro >ounces it the "greatest blessing of the nine eenth century," and says "no family shouk )c without it." It is pleasant to the taste td a single dose will often remove the mos )bstinate cough. Office, IS Murray Street (ew York. Apr.1, 8-ly. NMMONS' HEPATIC COMPOUNI OR LIVER CURE Is pronounced by Dr. C. A. Simmons, wb4 ,as the lormer proprietor of Simmons iver Rlegulator, as being far superior t4 n1y Liver Medicine now offered the public t has a large circulation and is still gaininj rround. Although this is a new prepara ion we unhesitatingly say we can produce s good certificates from as good men a )ur land can furnish. This Medicine is now for sale at Manufac urers rates by DR. W. F. PRATT, Sole Agent for this place. E. L. KING & SONS, UANrFACTURERS AND PROPRIETORE COLUMBIA, S. C. Feb. 25, 8-1y. DR. H. .BAER, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DRUGGIST NO. 131 MEETING STREET, CHARLESTON, S. C. May 8, 18-tf. Photography. COME ON FOR ALLTHINGS ARE NOW REAO~ AT'THE PHOTOGRAPH GALLERY Having just returned from the Northeri Diies, and the National Photographic At sociation at Buffalo, 1 feel better prepare : do good work than ever before, by th dvantages of the latest improvements, an' the prettiest styles. My stock is larger than ever, and amon, which are, a fine lot of. Albums, Fancy Picture Paper Weights, Ac I am pi-epared to take PHOTOGRAPHS, FERROTYPES, Dopying and Enlarging Old Pictures Taking Residences, &c. Call while the pretty weather lasts; re nember that delays are dangerous, and d1 'ot put it off. A proof is always furnished for inspectioi >efore the picture is printed. The surest way is to come at once ani et pictures at the Newberry Gallery of th, er ready Photogropher, W. H. WISEMAN. Oct. 8, 40-tf. PlROTORAPI GALLE1Y COLUMBIA, S.0O Visitors to the city are respectfully in ited to visit my rooms, where can be seet pecinmens of pictures in all styles of the Arn Satisfaction guaranteed anid prices cheat A. M. RISER,, Oct. 1, 39-tf. Plain Street. -Under taking. C. M. HARRIS, Dabinet Maker &Undertaker Has on hand and will make to order, Bed eads, Bureaus, Wardrobes, Safes, Sofas ~etees, Lounges, &c Cabinet Work of all kinds made and re ~aired on liberal terms. Has on hund a full supply of Metalic, Ms ogany and Rosewood Burial Cases. Coffins made-to order at short notice, anr earse supplied. Oct 9 40 tf. MARTIN HARRIS. :iskS MSta|||c Hllial Case8 THE SUBSCRIBER has constantly or and a fullassortmnent of the above approve< ases, of different patterns, besides coffin: f his own make, all of which he is prepare< o furnish at very reasonable rates, witl romptness and despatch. Persons desirous of having cases sent b; ailroad will have them sent free of charge A Hearse is always on hand and will bi urnished at the rate of $10 per day. .hankful for past patronage, the sub criber respectfully asks for a continuatici f the same, and assures the public tha o effort on his part will be spar(-' to rendel be utmost satisfaction. R. C. CBlA2MAN, Newberry S. C., July 31l. OARD REDUED TO $3,00 PER DAY 3LUMBIA HOTEL, COLUMBIA, S. C. The Proprietor of this well known FIRST LASS HOTEL would respectfully inform is many friends ar'd the traveling public enerally, that he hzas this day REIIUCEDI uIS RA TES OF BOA RD from $4 per day $3 PER DAY, and at the same time ledges himself to spare no pains in the maanagement of the house to sustain its re .tto safrtcasHtli eevr utto asa Wistcls H oR n,ryr . WM GORMAN. aliseellaneous. RE V Dr. J. Walker's California Ti negar Bitters are a purely Veg etable preparation, nade chiefly from the native herbs found on the lower Iran;.es of the Sierra Nevada moun tains of Californiia, the medicinal prope'ties of which are extracted therefrom withoat the use of AlcohoL The question is almost daily asked, "W Lt i.; the cause of the unpar e 11YuCess of VINEGAR BIT :i.i;" Our answer is, that they en110.e the cause of disease, and the l;tie:.t recoveri his health. They are ihe great bhm.u parifier and a i In priciple, a perfect Reno vaLor :n. J;ivigorator of the system. Never befo~re in the history of the world h ta a mdicino been compounded _pos reAsinzIr the remarkable qualities of VI F:;.x 'Brras in healing the sick of every disease man is heir to. They are a gentle Pur.rative as well as a Tonic, relieving Congestion or Inflammation of the Liver and Visceral Organs, in Biliouj The properties of DR. WALK ER'S VjSXU4.Al3rrTEas-are Aperient, Dia phoretie, Carminative, Nutritious, Laxa tive. Diaretie, Sedative. Counter-Irritant, rAlterntivo. and Anti-Bilious. R. M. PEDONALD &e Co., Druggists & Gen. Agt., San rNao Califer. Sia, & cr. ofW &h-g-AdChub= SW,N.Y. Sold by WIt u"t sa ts. Apr. 29, 1874-17-ly. F. No PARKER, SUCCESSOR TO WEBB, XONES & PARED (Between Pool's Hote-and the Post Office,) DEALER IN* HARNESS, SADDLES and LEATHER IHaving bouglt the EN TIRE STOCK of the Harness and Saddle Manufactory. of Messrs. Webb, Jones & Parker, I am pre pared. to do all kinds of work in this line. Also will keep on hand for sale, HARNESS, SADDLES, &e., HARNESS LEATHER, SOLE LEATHER, UPPER LEATHER, &c., of the best and cheapest. REPAIRING and all work done to order - at Cash Prices and at Shrtest Notice A pr. 15, 15--t(. WM. C. BEE & CO., FACTORS -AND COMMISSION MERCHANTS, Adger's Wharf, Charleston, S. C. Liberal advances miade upon consignments of Cotton and other produce to them'ini SCharleston, or through them to their cor respondents in Liverpool, New York anid Baltimore. Particular attention given to sale of upland Cotton. Wxr. C. BEE, jEUGENEr P. JERVEY, 2Tax.o. D. JERVEY, LArUREs N. Cnso.x. O)ct. 28, 43-..4ft. THE LANDMARK, PUBLISHED AT STATESVILLE, IREDELL CO., N. C., -I TaK LeadingL Newspaper in Western North Cas lina. mIt is the only Demnocratic Paper published in Iredell County-one of the largest and wealthiest counties in the State-and has attained alae local circulation than any paper heretofore pp hished in the county. Its circulation in Alexander, Wilkes, Ashe, 'Alleghiy Yadkle, Davie and Iredell, is larger than tht of any two papers in the State comn hinied ; and is rapidly acquriga strong foothold in Forsythe, Sarry, itowan adWestern Meet Slenburg. It is the only paper in Western North Carolina ithat employs a nLGULRa CAisyAssIsG AGxxT, and thus kept constantl before the pepe Under this system a rpdyincreasing cfrula THE BEST ADVERTISING MEDIUM lIw WEsTEnX NOaTH CiAOLIXA. Addiess- "AD R -D~c. 16, 50-tf. Statesvilte, N. C. ViCK'S FLORAL GUIDE .FO R 1875. PUBLIsHED QUARtTERL.-January Nula ber just issued, andl contains over 100 Pages, 500 Engravings, t.lescriptions of more than 500 of our best FLWERS and YEGETABI.ES, with Directions for Culture, etc. The moot useful andt elegant work of thme kind in the world. Only 25 cents for the year. Publish ed in English and Germnan. A ddress, .JAMlES -VICK, Dee. 23*, 51-2mi. Rochester, N. X. OUR MONTHLY, -Is a religious Ma.gazine. Advocates IBrothecrly love among Chris tians. -Has a Local Department. Advocates Temnpernce. Scientilic and I.itcrary Notes. Twenty-four P'ages and Cover. SUBSCR11PTI0N, $1.00. Subcrptinsreceived at the* Newberry Or send to WM. P. JACOBS, Nov. 11, 45-tf. Clinton, S. C. NEWBERRY MERCHANTS GET A GREAT DEAL OF TRADE FnoM LAURENS COUNTY. They will find it to their advantage to ad Vertise ini OUR MONTHLY, Nov. 11, 45-tf. CLINTON, S. C. JAS. LEFFEL'S IMPROVEDiDOUBLE. Turbine Water Wheel. POOLE & HUNT, Baltimore, sr.M+...t.ersfor the South andl Sauthwest, Rai THE PALM A NEW ASSENER RO1 SOUTH CAROLINA The attention of the travelling public al( WELMnGTON, COLUVIA ; AUGUSTA, C3 GMENTILE &ND (X and at Columbia, is invited to the special ar accommodation in visiting Columbia and C1 FAzVT PASSENGER TRAINS between Cola Columbia with the Charlotte, Columbia and Roads, enabling the citizens along the line o and Wilmington, Columbia and Augusta Rai ample time to transact business and return I business men of Columbia and along the CI ton. Columbia and Augusta Rail Roads to vi fortable manner and without los of time. I GOIN( Leave Charlotte....................... 8.40 A. Arrive at Columbia................... 2.42 r. i Leave Columbia.....................8.16 P. I Leave Florence.............. .12.45 A. I Arrive at Charleston................... 6.15 A. I GOING Leave Charleston..................... 6.00 P. I Leave Florence..,.. .......... 2.00 A.] Arrive at Columbia.................... 4.00 A. I Leave Columbia..................... 245 P. A Arrive at Charlotte.................. 9.00 P. 3 Dec. 23, 51-t. TrIE G ATLANTIC .COASI Comprising Charlotte, Colum Columbia & Augusta, WilI & Roanoke, and Connec ship Lines, at Wilmih Trans ing Freights to and from Stea mouth, n a; withdn= drayage, transfers, to and from all points South. Being es of tri2me. the Management Invites attntion which equal all others In prompt movemen insurance. Information of the forwarding of freight signees. and all claims for loss, danmae and of the Linesied herein. SCHEDULE OF At Portsr FOR BA BAY LINE STEAMER-, - ANNAMESSIC LINE STEAMERS,4 - CLYDE STEAMERS, - - - FOR Nk DAILY (except Fridays,) at 7'p. m. FOR 13 XEECHANTS AMINERS' LINE, -T FOR PRO MERCffANTS ? MINFMS LINE, - - FOR^BAJ BALTIMORE & SOUTHERN TRANSPORTA FOR PHIL PHILADELPHIA A SOUTHRN.STEAMH1 FOR NE CLYDE A CO.'S NEW YORK AND-WILMNG Connecting at each place with rail lines for rent rates are given and guaranteed. - The following namedAgents North will line: - - BALTIMORE. W. H. FITZGEI.LD, No. 9, German Street. E. FITZGERALD, 50 South Street. NEW YORK. C. E. BRAINERD, 397 Broadway. "GREAT ATLAN'2 FAOf FRECIl Especially-arranged for the -movement of C4 OING NOESE Leave.eAUGUSTA, - - - 7AQ a..m. Leave tCOLUMBIA - 6.00' a. m. Arriveat WIL-MINGTON . 7-15 p. m. Leave WILMINGTON - 8.00 p. me. Arrive at ?PORT8MOUTH - 4.00 p.m:, *Connects elose with Inward bound Through Freight 'ris on- Georgia Rail road. tConnecting with inward Freight Trains from.Greenville and Colutnbia Railroad, and Charlotte Division afCharlotte, Colum bia and Auuta Railroad. tConnecin losely with outward-bound Bliore Piadelphia, New York and AVERAGE T1 Augusta to Balmre, 4 lisys; Aaga New York, 5 Days; As Ws For all Information, Blank Bills of] following Southern Agents of the Line: HI. M. COTTINGZHAM, Western Agent, A Augusta; U. P. CfLARK, F'orwarding Agent, F. W. CLARK, Assistant General Freight Agent, Wilmington, N~ . Feb. 27, 7-tf. South Carola Rallira Company, CEaar.aSOR, 8. C., October 18,1878. ON anid after SUNDAY, October 19, the Pas se Trains onthe South Carolina Rail Road Leave Charleston at ................... 9.00 a m Arrive at Colutublaat......................... .00 pm ion AUGUwT. Leave Charleston................... 9.00 a U Arrive at Auguata......... ........5.0 p los CEmarLToX.. Ieave Columbia at................. 8.0 am Arrive at Charleston et'-- - --.W.wm 4.20 p 3 Leave Au .........a... ....80a m Arrive at Chresta...... ... ......4Jpm cowaxar arIOT varsa (Sandaysencepted.) Leve Charsonat...................... 10 pm Arrive at Columbia at..............-6.0i ama Leave Columbia at...................7.15 p U -Arrive at Charleston at....:..........6.4 ama AnUGsTA 31GnT zarnssa, (Sundays excepted.) Leave Charleston..................8.0 p m Arrive at Augusta...............750a m Imave Augut.................6.t'p m Arrive at Caleston...............40 am gUxKzav.iI.E. TaAIN. Leave Summerville at..........-....72 am Arrive at Charleston..,.............8 a a Leave Charleston.................3.10 p m Arrive at Summervllle.............4 86p m Leave Camden.....................6.50 ama Arrive at Columbia................11.0 a m Leave Columbia. -..................--.10p m Arrive at Camden..................836 pma Day and Ni ht.Trans sake close eonnactioa at Ata, with Gerinload. Macon and Augusta Railroad. This Is also the ulckest and most direct route, and as -ern frtable and asayehrrot,t ot gomery Selma, obile, Ne rea,and all other ponsSouthwest, ad to Loeuisvine, Cm. cnnati, Citiag, St. Louis, and all other polis West and Lothest. Columbia Night Train connects closely with the Greenville and Columbia Railroad; and with the Charlotte, Columbia and Augusta Railroad for points North Through tickets on sale to all points North and West.. * Camden Train conineets at Kingvlliedat(ez Sept a s) with Day Passenger Tri,and rust to Columbia on Mondays, Wees days and bturday 8. B. ICENS, General Ticket Agent. WIMIMTiN, COWUBIA AUD AUBIUSTA R, R. GvEEaAr, PasszmrGua Daras,1 Cox.UXaa, S. C.,Jannary 11,1875. The following Passenge Schedule wMil be ope rated on and a!ter. onda, JanuarylI1th: GOING NORTH. No.!2 Train. No: 4 Train. Leave Colnmbia........ 8.8J a.u. 8135 p. m. Iave Florence........., 1.10 p. m. 12.50 a. us. Arrive at WIlmington.. 7 00 p. ms. '7.lo a. a. GOING SOUTH. No.1lTrain. No.8 TraIn. Leave Wilmington.. 40 a. ms. 6.25 p. us. Leave Florence....~.-.12.0) p. m. 114e p. ms. Arrive at Columbia .. . 51Op, m. 4.15 a. ms. Train No. 2, from Columbia, Mail and Expre. connects closely at Florence with N. E. . it. . fo Charleston, and at Wihnington with W. & W. E. R. to all points North. rrain No. 4, from Columbia, Is Fast Expres, mking throug ceonnections, all Rail, North and South, and W~ater Line connections via Ports mouth, and at Florence for Charleston. Trains No -1, from Wilmington, connects close ly at Florence with N. E. B. H. for Charleston. Train No.8, from Wilmington, Is a Fast Ex nress, connigclosely from and to all points JAMES ANDERSON. GIeneralSaperintenldenlt. A. Pora, General Passenger and TicketAgent. TO TEXAS AlRK AN SA S. The completion of the TEXAS AND PA CIFIC RAILROAD enables the KKSsssaw Rours, Via Western & Atlantic B. B., to offer the only all rail route from Georgia and die Oaroli.s to all points in Texas. On and after September 1st, through coahes lave A tlanta daily for Memnhis, UTTO LI N E BETFEEN All POINT X iN AND CHIARIESTON. ong the line of the UZART, CoLM IA A AOUMA, AM ~LUNBIA IAIL-30aSr a nements made for their 0onveieMeeand in the shape of DOUBLE DAILY abia and Charleston-Conl dO &ugusta, and Greenville and Cnmbi f the Cheraw andJ, Noth EXsten I Bonds to visit the CapI of the State, bave sne the sAme day. Ialso, the mercbants Sind LrIotte, Columbia and A t 4,4MIaW sit Charleston and return quickly, in a com he following is the SohedWl0 EAST. If. 9. 5.00 P. M. &M A. M. . .ISP.M - L. 7AP. M. WEST. 7.00 A.. 12.50 P. II. 1. 9.30 A. M. rFlb P. I. General FREIGHIT.:RFK bla and Augustat Wi*n",tO ington & Weldon, Seabo.rd iog Railway- and Stean gton and Ports=outh - aship Wharves at Wilmington and - or exposure-to weather,and edat eeq ment for al tA to the f m t, careful a abroke.a is regularly transmittedtoShippers and Co - era promptly inv1s0Ig&dd-by AgMM: LTIMORE. - .DELPHIA. YORK.& OSTON. T uesdays andPMa,t VIDENC. 7 rIasa Wednesdaya sli& Mftl liat ON COMPAXYS STANZRS, P CO A $~k ~v~12S* WYORK, . . TON LUM-ERy WffedqaKW all New England towns, to wfich ecur aitend, In all respects, to the os E the - PHtLAMLPEIBUL- - - L W. KIWOBE, South.a i trest. . - -11OSTON. ;I0 IC COAST LIN5,'%. ton and Merchaudispn i euM0 Leave *PO BTX0U-I -. Arriveet. WLXfNfGTON ' ILeave WILMIN4GTON - - JArrive at tCOLUMBIA - - - .m Arrive at 2AUGUSTA --6.p . Boston SamaMps. - a tConnecting with outwar'd regtTrains of GEerevi1le an4 Cohnnbia .Daae4 Charlotte Division ofCb9te C I of aG Aagugtaataia tra [ROUGH TIME sa to PkIladelphla, S Uas; Augusta adinig,Through Bates, etc., etc., apply to the. anta, Ga.; JOHN JElmINS,BoSolting Agent) Wilmnington, N.C;32 'N1. andl. Columbia, S. C. Atlanta and Irieben Air Mes - Railway. The oi 0011. NCS!E-EEZZSSe ?3&IN. Imave Atanta....-................l8a Le ave Se neca 01y..........;....16y TeacT e a le.................. ..en,.. Leave Spartanb ........4....... Arrivet i -- SAem ILeave Sparlo ber...........................30am Ieave GrenailC............................. sa. B. 7. SAGE, Eug.* & . - Greenville ? Columbi 3aIref. O. and aiter Friday Aagust28,II7L.Me, Trasmer Tnse hel-smb dowin, a.s G6Sh Trains ad: Leave-Columbfi................-. "ANewiirr............-.. "' Coher,................... " .Beltos..................3 Arrive Greenville..............-' 5 DOW3. :. Imave Greenville............... 6.30a " Cokesbury.. ......................0s " Newberry..................lUpW " Alisto... ......... Arrive Colunbi. .-......-.. DOW N. Leave WabH:t............ d " APn Tb............. Arrive at Belton................ .........3.14 a-m Conneehin with down triefa Got WeV'Uh. . UP. - Eeave Belton at. 3.Op s ' ama..i.. -. . d.50 p.s " Pendletos 5.60 p.M Arrive at W ahaa.. . 7 BrDe,Xonay,Wedmlysa ie derso,.on-eda 4uas and Same THO0S. DOD AMEAD, Gm t 8Sg'. JAns Kosrox,. General TihketAms*8 THE -snOEr LINE SCBEDULI Charlotte, Columbia h Augusta L. U rGte oaanTca CoWana, S. C., Jamay The followig M Sheule h e.e - _o_ -0.m a a -. No. ITena' No.4?rala. Leave Augusta......9.3 A. 5. 4.'P. 5. Leave GraitevlIIe......1.38LA M 63P.. Leave Columbia Juno'n 2.3 P.M. tZA P. M. Leave Columba.....14 P. . .0P.Z. Leave Chester... 35 P.S. Arive Charlotte....0 P. M. ---- No.1 Treim. No. STruaM Leave Charlotte.... A. N. ---- Leave Chester. ........1.'2 A. KL --- Leave Columbia...3?. li. 8* A. K Leave ColumblaJnn33.17 P. M. 4.3 A. 5. LeavGantvrIIe.... t7.lh P. M. era.. Arrive Augusta.........8.06 P. 5. 8.IA.x. *Breakfast; 3Dinner; ,Sppr Trea No. 2, fomkumaen.eslesy via Charlotte only for all paaeNothyi BiabRc mud, and via Dmnville and Lynemeg. This Tramn runs daily. Train No. frinaug a~1 via Columbia en lmntai,alt iiot via Richmoud, all 11. And Pe , with Bay Leand O'd Dom==iss - New York, Mody,Wednae S . This Train runs .ail Train No.1I, from ar - otte, ee tel from Northern a.iint:alUesasAmsl This Train runs dal. TraIn No.3, from Clba, eaminesta fom Northern ponsvia Wllmington, 1sta Lies at A Tala hiafrabumsm A. oraDGe.1 SO 15uke sA. om,esmsauansTsmAgeL rnimiuu auinm NIL m The foilowin,PummScbeduiewili b~ge~ rated on and after 8uaiay~ November let,