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m VOLl'MB XV. " LAjSC'aSTKU C. II., S C., MAUCLL7, 1866. . PilllER 4 ^ m a . .. i. . ... . ~ - reio oi mc urec'lmcn's Bureau Bill To the Senate of (he United States : I bave examined with cue (lie bi'l .which originated hi the Senate, ami lias been passed by the two Houses of Con ffress, |o amend an Act entitled "An Act to establish a B'ireiu for the relief of freedmen and lit-fugees," and for oilier purposes. I lacing, with much regret. Come to the conclusion tli <t it would not be coin* stent with the public welfare to gita my approval to the messure, I re turn the bill to the Senate with aiv oh eovions t?> its beoo'iiiug a law. I might call to ni nd, in advance of these objections, that iliete is no imu?edii t# necessity for the |ir"t>0,,ed measure - ^J'he Act to establish h Bureau fur the ro lief of freedmen h ?i refugee*, which approved in trie month of March last, has not yet expired. It whs thought tnngeni and extensive enough fur Dm purpose In view in time of war. Before it cea?e? to have efF-c'. f irtfier expeiienca may assist to guide us to a wis* conclusion # At to tliss policy to be adopted in lime of peace. i stixre with Congress the strongest no re to secure to the firsiiiVsn the full en joy men I of 'heir freedom and their pro pert?. an I their entire independence end uuslity in making contract* for their la bor ; hut the hill before me con'a'iin pro vitions which, ill tn? opinmn, ere not war raided l?v the Constitution, mid are no'. Well suited lo accomplish iheend in view 'I he bdl proposes to estHblish. hv nil thoritv of Cotitf?e?*. mdiinry jurisdiction over all pan* of the (Jniletl States cot taining refugees ami fieeilmeti It would, bv it* very nature, npplr with most force |p those parts of the United Slates in which the freedmer inoai al?oi ; and it expressly axieud* the vx sting temnorarv jiitisi|ieiion of the Freedtnnn'e B ireau with greatly enlarged pow?r*. over thnya fta'e*. "ill Mrfitell the ordinary cn?r*e o' j>i iici*! proceeding* ha* b?*n m'errn|?tI bv the rebellion " .Tl??? *ou?o? fn?m which (hif mi liary jurisdiction i* to emanate i? tione other then (lie President of the Unit'd State*, noting through the War 1 taper fceiil and ilia Cornrni?*i<nier of the Frtodinen'a Bureau. The agent* to cari ty out tin* military jurisdiction are lo be Selected either from the army or fr mi civil life: the country i* to h**rl vi?!?.I in lo district* and auli districts, aa,| 'hetniin Iter of talntied agent* to be etnplv-d iniRF he equal to the ? umber <>f Conn'ie* or Parish** in all the United Stale* where freer)men and refugee* are to he found The tihjecla over which thi* military j iriedio.liou i* lo extend ill everr part of the Untied State*. inrlio'e protection to . "ell employee*, agent* nnd officer* of iht? 11.. -11.- : - f - i'ux-hh i ii o r>r'rl?n l?l 111* lilt lc? III) poted'' upon them l>y I Or b'll In eleven Hlilc* it ie to turi!irr to extend omr k I ceiee nfV-eiiiii; freedm?*u nod 'e^ii^ee* ili-crimiOMtrH mj*in?l "bv locnl law. custom or prejudice." In thee* e!??e S >?'?? the till' Mihjects ?nv while person who iiihv be cherged with depriving h firH'ltmtii of 'any civil right* or iiniiinni'iM* belonging to white person*," to imprisonment or fine, or botli ? without, however, defining the "civil rights Hod immunities" which Are thy* to he secitfe'd to the frerdnirn by tnililnrv lew. 'Mlie mil tsry j-iriedirtipn e'eo extol* to ell qnmyont thai mtf arise rewpect contract*. The agent who itTtliu* to eierci-e the ofti.-e of a mil i.ary j id.'e in\j be * e'ranjer, entirely igOoraQt of the l?w* of the piece, end ex poeed to the errors of judgment to which e!l men are liable. Toe ex-ici?e of povr> I. over winch there i? no legal aupervia. ion, br ?o ?a?t a number at a/eu*t hd i? contemplated by the bill, mnat, by the fary nature of man, be attended by acta of caprice, ii juatice an I p*?aion. TiiO triala haying their origin under thin bill .are to take place wnl out the inter Ventiou of a jury, and ' without aov fixed tee of law or evidence The rulea on Meh offences are to be "heard and de fermir.ed" by the no'dermis agents, are uch rulce and regulations aa the Pre?i dent, through the War Department, rdinll pre-crihe. No previooa presentment is required, nor any indictment charging the Commission of a crinfe against the lawa; but the trial fVtuat proceed on charges and a pec ficationa The punishment will be?not what the law d eel area?but auch ?a court in inial may think proper; and from those arbitrary tribunal*, there lie* no appeal, no writ of e'ror to any of the ceurta in which the Constitution nf the ?! <? ?fltl e?o!iiaivaly lllfjil If ? ciftl power-of tha country. Wfiila lli? territory ami 11> eliwi of nation* ?n?t oflT?*ncca tint are made ??!? j*d to (Kit rrvnaajra are an eitar.aiva, the fwlf itaalf. ahoulil it baaoma a law, will have no limitation in point of tima, hut will form a part of tha nnf.naiiant l?*gia lation of tha country. I cannot lasnnciU ' i "ayalam of military jnri?dictinn of thia kind with tha* word* of tha Conrtitntinn, which dec. area that ''no perron ah all ha bald to anawar for a capital or otherina* infamnoa crima nnlw* on a praaanimant Of indictment of a grand j??rv, ri apt in caaaa aiiaing in tha land and naval force*, Of in tha nu'litia, when in actual service i in time of wHr or public din^r;" ami ibhi "in nil criminal primecutionB. the accused kIihII enj it the ri^ht to m speedy nil public trial, bv nil *mi>Artiwl jirv of the Mate or Dia'rict wherein ihe crime shall Imve been committed" The safe iimt'ds winch the experience and wi?doin < of aces taught oiir la'her* to eitab i*h a? secuniies lor the protection of the inno cent, tlie punishment ol the guilty, and iheeq-ia1 Administration o' jnoice, ere to he nei aside. and for the nuke of a more vigoroun interposition in behalf of justice, ?ve ere to take the risk of the iiihiiv act* of injiiB ice tliHl would m-ces?tnly follow I from h ll almost couu'le?m ! ii ill) ? r of agents, | estnb ih! eil tu every I'aruli orOouiily in | nearly h third mI lit a StH'ns of the Union. o?r whine decisions 11?? ro is In |ih no supervision or Control by the Federal Courts The tmwer that \v<tnI<I be thus p aced in the hands ol the President is ?urb, ?'h in time of peace, certainly nuqhi never to be entrusted to hiiV one man. If it be asked whether die creation of such a tribunal within a State is warran led as a measure of war, the qieslion unme liately pre?etits Use f, whether we aie still ei>v;ao?(| m war. Let u* not tin ne<'a>?aii<v disturb tbe commerce and credit ami industry of the country, hv lecturing to the American people an I to lilt* world ilia*, the United Mate* are stil! in a condition of civil war. At present, iltere is no part of our coon rv in which thr anthoritv of the Linte l State* is rln pu'ed. Oll-nces that mav be coin milted hv individuals should not w.uk a forfenu'e of the rights of who'e couitii'intitea. Tn country has re'iirned, or it te urnhiir, to a state of peace an.l industry, an i the rebellion is, in tact, at an end. The measure, therefore, aeeint to he at incon Osteal with the actual colidliioii of ilia eoqn'rv at it i* at variance with tlie Constitution of the United Stales. !f passing from general coutideraiiont. we examine the h II in detail, it is open to weighty objac'tons. ... .-...V -M ?n , It. in rurili'lHIV Jirc?|I^T . that wh it'innM provide tor iIionm wlm *r?ItMSMI.ir Ill\ H C >11 111 l?>ll ?tf | lo h lint? of Iroeiloill Hit I li s li'll propose* 10 in?k# tt:? Frewlni-nV Hurt*nii. l?y lit* Ao 14! ISUa, H8 on? of in ?nr irreNt mi l ^xtrnnrdiii.trx military ill**m?iires l<> utippre** h foini'iin I>Im rebellion, * pwrinnii?iil l>rNi\i*li n r tin- I imhiic Htlniinitunti<in, wiili it* |i i?vr> | l?r?Nt'y enl ir^nil. | Iinv* ho r**imii to ' ftilp|K>KN, Atnl I (III Hilt under*'and >1 to I in mUhjhI, t T* at ill? Act o! M iii'li, l?u* , proved ilfti 'iniii lor tlie purpo.? for wlndi it |noiHi|t al(hntio|, at tliNi tune. and for h c ?)imil?ral> e p-r iliere*'t?r, tlm (J ?v ernm-nt ? ! ilia U tiled Slate* lein titled ! un?c nowledoed in niiiNi of tli? Sonet ^ ? I|H?C ill l| HI'Ilh III* ll Mil l>-<*ll ItlV'llVrlJ III | <iiH rel.el|ion. I'll* inniiuiinn of ulnv-rt, I for ill- mi'iiMfv iles'rtic ion of which t) ** Fr-eilHI?n'? litireni *a? cullml let* ex ' j lniMiifM Mil nn Mii^ilmrv. loi* nlr-n.lv ' -ir?uiMlly mihI (IdmIU m In on ? t-<l ilnonyli ' j mil tin* wonle Ununli ? I V Hi) milt'iil m-iil | of I} i *3 Oollal il III lull of lli- U ! 11 1 *3 ^ ] hiii] prHi'licH'lT il" rNdic ilioti line receive.I j ihe h??uM Mini 1-onrurruiicu of moil of lho?? S'Mt|)? hi w>iit-li li mi nnv lima hail mi -xj"I-i;cm i miii not, tli-'o'oni, mIi'lo rli?cerii, in the romlition ol llm <*ouiii irv, h iv v I li i ii tf loji??ifv nii M|ipreliffii?iiwi ' ,iIihI llm power* m 11 1 mj?-n?*i-? of lliFree (linen's HnrHHii, wlncfi were effective for llie prole. lion of fr-e<liri-n Mini r-fn. vrmiring ill# act'ial continuance <>l', hn?liliflea- himI of African servitude, will ; now. in ? tunc ?it pence iiinl ?fu-r the abolition of slavery, |iro*n inmlfq ill* to the same proper ends If I am correct in these viwe, there Ml he tio nece**ltv j for the enlargement of the power* of the ; Bureau, fur wliicli provisions is mad# in llie hill The third section of the hill authorize* H tJ-ocrKl Mini linhini ei| ipinil o' sO|i|iort I to i|ie destitute ninl suffering reffu^ee* Mini fr ceil men, their wives urn! rlfl'ilrrn # Sue | cce'ling eve mns make provision for the rent or purchase of landed estate* for i free lmen. end lof the erection, for thetr benefit, of suitahll building* for a?rlttrr.s end schools ? til# expense to he deflated from the treasury of tl>e who'e people,?- j The Conor*** of the United Stale* ha* never hereto'nr# thought itself empower , ed to establish asjrhims hevond the limits of the District of Coht'tihia rep*, for ; he ' enefir of oor disabled 'old er* and : sailors |i has never founded sclmo's for j anv class for our own people?not even for the orphans of those who have fallen in the defence of the Un-on, hut has left the care of duration to the much tn-ue cornj??tenl .and efficient control of the States. (|l ro nmuniiies, of private associa- : lions atffl of individuals. It hsa never : j ciaama.l ? ?# Ir author Mil to axnand th# 1 pnl?lio mnnn for tin* r*n? or piirrh ?? of hoin?a f??r iha 'Knti?iiqi|*, noi to *? mil* lion?, of iha whit* r?M, who ara honaatlv (oiling, from da? ?o dar, for lhair tanra. A ayatain for ihaanpport of imlo Jfant peraon? in th? Unit* I tttaiaa wtn ?i???r rontamp'a'ad hv tha author* of iha Con?t'luiion ; oor pan i??? poor! ra-?-on ho advanced wht. aa a parmanant a?tah< litlnnanl, it ahonld )< fomdad for ona olaaa or color 01 our paopla mora than an. oibtr. Padding tba war, man* rafugaaa and freedoten received support of the Qov?rnii)?nt, .but it was never intended that : hey should henceforth he fed, rloih ed, educn'ed and sheltered by the United State*. 'INie idea on which the duvet were assisted to freedom whs, that, mi becoming free, thev would be a *elf-sus? laming population. Any legislation that shall imply that thev are i.ot expected to attain a ?elf mis' aim tig condition, must have a tendency tnj irioua alike to their character and their prospects. The appointment of an agent f?vr everv County and Parish will cre<l? an i:n' neiise patronage ; and the expense of the j nnmerotis oflicer* and their clerk*, to be appointed t'V the President, will he yiim' in the treginninjj. wiili a t**i?r|**Ticy s'eadi ly li? increase. The appropriation* asked l>v the Kreedlnrri'* Pnreau as now >?l? lished, for iIih v* ir 1800,t*wonr?t to $| |, 74,?000. It may Ii?* safe'v estimated that the .10*t to ho incurred under the pending hill will ?*-c|-ur? double that h uriiiiit?morn than the entire sum expen ded hi any ono year under the minimis* Iratiol) of the second Adam*. Illliepifl* ' cure of in e*er\ I'arish and Coiiii ly is to he considered hi h war measure, h opp laiiion, or oven resistance, uii/hl lv* ! provoked ; ko that. to g've I'lf-n't to.tlial jurisdiction, troops w.itiid have to he st* I Hone I within reach of everv one of tliem; ; and thus a lar^e standing force he ren dernd ne-er-arv. Par^e appropriations would, therefore, he req lired to Mist tin and n'-f.irce military ion* Itction in every County or Parish 1mm the Potomac to ihe Ivio (iramla. The Condition of onr I fi>o*l nil* ire is encouraging; hut, in ."dy'' to wis*am the present measure of pu't'c confidence, it is necessary that we practice not*mere'v c<istoniarv economy, toil as j far as p .ssdile, seven* retrenchment. I 1 (. it> trie nlijectinnn HlrcHiK I Aimed, tlie fifth ner'i'^i of the liill propo I ???? to l*ke ?w*v Inlid from II* former ' riWiiern willi iUkiu leon' proceeding* lie | i<ig tir? hud, omi'rurv to th*t provision | of the Cons'it ulioit which dec'sle* lliH' I no person >I ;?11 "lie deptivcd of life, lilier iv or proper'v, ?i Inoil liile process of Uw." It i| not wppeur thst * psrt of i the land to w l irli tin* section refer* iuhv not lie o ? ne,| |<v minors or person* ?>f uti?o<m<l niiml, or I v those who h*ve ' eei, Hi'lifiil to hM tlieir tdtliifHtimift m izens of ilit* IJniteil Sin e* If sny por tioim of (lie Im'hI in liel.l by ?urh persons' it i? not competent for mhv niulioritv to deprive litem of it If, on the ntlt-r h ind, it tie fiinrnl i It at the properly i* litli'e t Oonh'Cntion, even llotn ii CHniiot lie spprn pri-tted to politic p up men until, I v due process of Ihw, it sli * 11 linve been decinr ei| forfeited to tlie (ro Vernment. There is etiI fortlier ohjmtion to the (.ill, on ground* seriously nfl-cling tli?* clss* of per-ons In whom it in designed to bring relief. It will telnl to k*ep tlie mi nil of tlie (teedmen iii^s sts'e of oncer i*>ii pn|ipn?in)n Hh<l re?t ie??ne*? w In e to t ll < ! *#> KlIMDlf wllltlll lie lives i- will ll? K source of constant hii'J vague Hpprclif.n ion. Undonlitedly the freedmen nhotiM lie protected, lull he w' i on I | he protected l>V I lie civil million! ie*. e?p*ci*llv l?v the ex* ercme of *11 ili?* constitution*! power* of dm court* of die United St*tes end of die S'*ie*. Hi* cojiilidnn i? no no *xpo?ed m* in*v hi Ur*l I'* imagined. I'" '* i'i * portion of lli** cO'trUrv wliere In* labor chuiioI well l>e enured. Competition for hi* *ervice* from planter*, from 'horn who *[e cnnMriieling or repairing radrosd* and from capitalist* in lii* vicinage or from ii hit -nun'", m ni ?*i)4D'rt''tin to cwnnianil a in >*t lif? ii\?n term* lie a'*n p ?****?*? a |ifrfi-cl richt to change In* place of hImi le, mi.I if. therefore, ho doe* cot find in one coin n 11 nii v or State a mode of lif? *uile<1 In hi* de?ire?, or proper reinnnvra tiori for hi* labor, be cm move 10 another, where t Ii at labor i? in >re e*teenie I mil lienor rew*n|e.|. In truth, however, ?noli S ate inHiicnil i?v ii* o?vn want* and in ere*'*, ?i l ii.* what i* nec***ar* and pro: per to retain wnhin it* border* all lh? la tmr that i? needed tor ilia development of it* re* urea* The law* that regula'e opplv an'l demand will maintain their fore*, anil Ii* wage* of tha laborer will l*a regulated thereby, There i* no Han l?er that the eiceeding great demand for labor will not oparate in favot of tha la l?orer ? Neither ia eufllcient consideration given to ttia ability of iba freedmen to protect and take car* of tliein?elve* It i* no more (ban j i*t:e.e to thatn to believe that a* tliev have received tiiatr freedom with moderation and forbearance, tb-v will di*tingni?h themsalva* hf tliair indttatry and thrift, and ion Khyw the world that in a condition of Iro?,I l.?? --- ~-ir euataininf, capaU* of a?l*<-tin7 their own employment end their own placeof abode, n' inaiating for themaelve* on a pr?p?r rem or era i ion, .nod ot eatahliahtng and maintaining their own aayluina end acltoftle. It i* earnea'ly hoped that in need of wealing n?n|, they *i'! S* their own efforia eatah'iaS for themaelyna a ron d'linn of reape<M ability an 1.prosperity ? It ia certain that they ran attain to that condition only through their own merita aod exertions. , In tbia connection, the T,,rJ preaenta h'llier the system proposed I>v this hill wi11 fiiil, vlirn put into comp ete operation. practically transfer the entire care, support and con'rol oi 4,000,0110 of emancipated shivea to nt;eii'?, oversees or taxk masters who, appointed at Wash llioton, are to lip located in every (JolintV and Parish throughout the United States containing freed men mid refugee* Such a am'tin would intvitahlv tend to a con central ion of power in the Kx*cntiv?, I which wouhl enable h 171. if so disposed, to control the action of ?lii? t.in. ulna-, ?nd use them fur the attainment of hi* own I'o'n cil end*. I ca'nnol hut add another jjravp ol.j lion to n is lei'. The Constitution im j pernitve'y declare*, in contqm'ion with Ihx.'Hion, that e ich S'ate shall Ihvh at least nt'C rc?|>ri*-1?;i?:?tivt?, and lix.-s the r11!? fur the iiiiuiher to which, in future ttriiP!?. each Stite shall he *an*i111 It also provide! that the Senate of the United Stile* shall ha composed nl two ^ena'.ors from each Stale, and add., w:jh peculiar force, that no St ft?, witlioui its cot sent, shall ha deprived of us equal sufl'rauft ill the Senate. I lie original net was iiecessarilv pained in the nhsence of the Sta'es chiefly t)i he affected, I ecan?e ilisir people were cnnlUtllacioU'dv onoaoed in the r.ehellioll Now, the case is change t, arwi some, at least, of those States, tire attending Congress 1?v 'oval ippresentjt live*, solicitiiit! ilie allowance of the Con siitnlional right of representation. A' 1 the time, however, of t lie consider at ion i and the Dass'tio of tbis hill there was lio . Senator or UcprcsentMlive in Cotigre-s from the n'even St^i'es wi icli are to lie maiuK affected liv its provision? The verv fact that retmrts were and a*o made aoftiusl 'lie good disposition of |||" people of that poriio.i of iliAconntrv. is an addi tonal reason wli\ liter lieed and shotlhl have lUpresentalive* i.f their own in . I' ill ire?* l.> o ihiiii tlieo e.in. 1 i r"' * ! men* ? inii?, mt'l 111?* r 'ecuI knilA'l>"iiri>, in t'?o perfecting of IIIO xiiifH 1 iinm?' i ;? ?*iv mu themselves. \\ I.i!h to** lit>? r v <>f lUiilirrnlinii wmihi i! **ti In* free. mo| wonlil lone full jiower to <!eci'le iieonri|'n<? to it? jii'uuient, 111* r** civiM lie no nt j-ftioii ur^el tlmt ihe S H'es innul inteo'*ieil I nil not lirtn |>er III t\ei| to In* 11?* *i. 1. 'I'lit* prmein'e i* (trni'y (!x?'l in the miioln of i|m Atnericnn people (hit there ! lie in 1*1 In* no t*x ition wi limit represent tmion. t?*? ?I 1111r ! *ik Imve iniin In* | liorin* In sil the ronntrv, mi I we iiihv hest flioiiHi il 1111%l l|n*v ?ti i'| In* liorrii* wtlii ii* murmur when iliev nrn votml I v ;? in j ir;iv of tli** feo'eneiiintive* of tin* f>ft"p'rt 1 WouM nol interfere v* i Ii the I IIII11 lestuv III' * ri {III of I/. ingress In j nine. hhc.Ii II ni*ii t ir it erlf, ''of il.n 'return*, returns mnl <j'l i ti i'l in* of It* oo n mem I her*" lt<it I'ltt ?iillioriiv' ennnot In* ! cmmTueil m* ?-Xi'!u<lu K llie ri^lit to shut out. i'l lillle of pence, mi v Stole Irion lie ' represQ-tntiiin to **!ii?-li it i? entitled |iv in?* i;<iii?trtiti<>fi At pr??Hiii. nil Hi* |t?*o |i'w of nh-V.'ll S'ii'P* H'f #-Xrlilil?-i| tl|o?n who im>*t f lillifnl during t'i? ?nr not '?*? l!ntn tin* otlmr*. Dim StHi?? <>1 i for in?'itnct), w||i?n? i?irImrit *'" ? hi ri*lii>(Jiiina to nil liwr i'ii|i?t\lilli<iliiil rrflnt loim to till* I ni >1) i I?v tlm |.atn?iii*in *n?l rii(*i(v of !n*r inj ir? < 1 hii I l.-liHViil p*n|>!ff Bt*fi.r? lli?? ?v*r vviis brought to h l?*rininHlion, jln-v liH-l |iUool t liHin?*iv?- * in roHiii.n* with tli** (i*n*r*l i nv?*niini*nt, hml k*ihI> i*li! h Sinie (tovi-riiinwiit of lh?-ir own, nnd, h? thnv wi-rw not included 'n the ?tiiiHi ci|i-? lion prooUinntion, ihev. I?t tl.e-r own net, IihiI Hin-n ! * ! tli?*ir ('on*iitution * > ?* li> thnliah *Uvery wnhin tha limit* of th*ir Stnte 1 know no noun why 'lin ^t*t* of Twnmo***, for riiinn'f, ?hnnM n it fnl ly hiijov a i f? "r relations t?> tl? lJIIiIr* 1 St:?tes " Tim l*re* of the United SttlM van.l? 'offfirl* I lie rounirr in * *omewlii?t 1' lT?* r ? ii I Hllil'i.lu from that of *nv fllftm Imr itfCiD'jrsM Kicli tntsinher > ( Con yre-,* is ? !? ? ??? * from * sinjjle District or Niwie; lli# President it cli<???r |?? ll|ft p^op'e of nil |Ii > Suite*. A? elrvm S'n'e* I mro not st tlii? time represented in'either branch nf Congress, it would spem to he Ii'k ilnlv on *11 proper no<M?iorift to pre sent their j ist rUims to Congress There nlwavt will lie deferences of opinion in ilift commoner, and intliridusli may j gaiitv ef transgression* of ilin law ; hut iliesft do not Miimitti* v ?li i onjeetions ! against tins right of a State to re|>ieaen tation. i woiiM in no wise interfere with J tho discretion of Com/res* wiili regard If) ' die qualification* of members, hut i lioM it m* <i?itv to recommend to you, in the interest* of pence mid in the imprests o! Union, tins *dmission of every Slate toils ! share in pnMic legis'atinn, when, now. erer, insubordinate. tn*urjent.or renelliom i u* prnpia may imv? it iUnif not onlv in ?n uttiimlt of loyalty or! lummy, but in tl?? pnrnona of rop . roaritln'.i* *a. lovaUv cannot l># q-iMMona-f undxr any fKntin^ con<li:u tionnl or U^al t??t. It i? plain tWat an in<]?ft?iitn or pnrmv nnnt #*' lo? f?n of nny part of ihneountrf I from r#prM?i?i?iinii mutt l>? ntl?m!n<t )>r n afmit ?.f ! aqniat and entnpiainl. Il 11 I uo?i?t* anil daotf?ro?i? to purtti* a tAnm I of mtaturt* a Licit will unit? n r?ry lar^t section of I tie country against Another large section ?<f the country, however tiilicit the letter may preponderate. The i course of emigration, the (leve'opmeiiU of | 1 industry nod business, end natural causes, will raise up at the South men as devo. ted 'O the Lin ion as those of any other I part of the land. But if they are all ex i e nded from Congress?if, iu a permanent , statute, they are declared to ha not in lu 1 constitutional relations to the coun'ry. they may think they have cause to become a unit in feeling and sentiment against the Government, Under the political education of the American peo p'e, the idea is ''nherent anil ineradicable that the consent of tha majority of the nrim.H peop ? is necessary to secure a willing ;?i'ij'i]cs(e hoc in legislation. I he I?i I under consideration refers to certain <>f ilie Si ate? a*though thev had not "linen tullv resmrad mi all their Con| *iituitonal relations to the United Sures" , If tlwv have nut, let us at once act to { t?etli?r to secure tliat desirable end at the I earliest possible liniment. It is hardly j necessary for me t.i inform Congress ili.v, j mi tiiy own judgment, most of those | States, so far at least as depends tlticil) I tlie1 r own actio! , have already heen fully ) restoied, an I are to he daeuteil as ent*? tied to enj iv their Co'istitutional riL-liis ?s ineinhers of tlie Uinon. 'Reasoning from the Constitution it<eif, arid from the actual silua'ion ol the country, I fee| not J oidv entitled, hut hmirid, to assume that , with the I'Vlera1 Coins restored, and tlni<e of the d States mi the full ex, ' erci?e of their functions, tho rights arnl interests of al' < asses of the people will, ' j with the aid of ihe itinuarv mi Caves ol j resistance to the law. tin ms.?mi ijdlv pro tected ajainsi un'ronsliuiuotiai iiifnucei I j incut xii'l v i>>' hi ion. Klmu'.l iIiih itation unhappily fai' j ? ? li!oli I iln noi ? than I'i . K\*CUl Vf in u reii'v nrmail With tin* pKwpr* eonft*rrvi| |?v tlm A?JI of March. 1805, t"s nl?lis!iiit?j dm Km-.lumn'a 1 iu. i-au, am! I i?rcnfmr, hh ln*re'"f?r?. Im i'hm : miiphiv tli#? land and naval forma of dm (onoirv to auppr<??a insurrection or to overcome nlistiiiclionti 'o llm lawn. In HC-'onlsn niil? the Oonatitiitton. I return the I> !t to tlm Senum. in lht< ??:?r? . est hope dial a measure involving qnes fio"a ami inlerea's ho important to The ; .-onn<rv wilt not become h law | j Hi-oil deliberate consideration l>v dm peo j pie. it h!i?II receive i|i- a <lie<ion of hll e?lightened public jo loiii-nt. ANhltKW JOlIV<OM W AStltVOTCS, February 19, 1800. A VKifv learned ami compassionate judge in Texas on p?8?iit!j sentence on J >bn Jones, who ha I been omvii'tnl of ' murder, concluded bis remarks ks fol- j ' lows t Tli? hict is, J that the court ?1 i?t I i r.oi intaml to onl?*r toji to ha executed I he'ore next spring, foil tin* weather is very j co!i| ; our jail, unforiunatelr, is in a very I |>ail cotnliiion ; much rtf the gIin ilia windows broken ; the chimney* are in such a dilapidated stale that no (lie Can he ma la to rainier your apartments coirJortah'a ; besides, owing lo the grant t nnmhar of prisoner*, not more than one j blanket can |i? allowed to each; to sleep sound anil comfortable, therefore, is out i of ?!it* question. lu consideration of these circumstance*, and wishing to !?<a*n vour suffering* hs much as possible, the court, in the rttfi'M of in humane compassion, hereby order# roflLlO ha executed to mor row morning, as noon after breakfast a# | in tv he convenient to the oL^ritF and a^reeah'e t<? you ItKAniFit-Tiloronr ?A writer whoso life lias passer! it# meridian, tin# eloquent i ly discourse* upon the speedy flight of tune 'Forty years once seemed a long ami weary pilgrimage to mftke. It now seem# hut a step; ami yet along the way are broken *lirine, where a thousand hopes w#?<e 1 into ashes, footprints sacred under their drif'tng duM, green mound* where the grass is fiesh with (ha watering of Ilea**; ?liHdo*? cen in which we should j not forget. We will garner the eanditne I of ilni?e Jims, Hil l wuli chaft'ei.ei^^lep* end hope puvh on toward the twinkling where the water* ere till, end the etornu never bvat." A little girl ?? laiely reproved for p'aying oil doon with boye, end inform ed that be'ng aeven year* o'd, the whs "u?i b g for that now." But with all imaginable innocence ol.e replied : ? ' Why, grandma, the bigger we grow the better we like 'em." Grandma took lime to ihmk. At twilight every Lea becomea a rooa i kr. Handkerchief Preachers A correspondent of lb* 'Christian Reflector' snys : I no'icc in some cases a handkerchief ??? liahit in the pulpit, which has led me to inquire if the use of '.hat very necessary article is a part of theological training.? I notice some m-niBlers take it out of their pocketh ?b they do their sermons, ? p.nd lay it on the pulpit. Some spread it out lengthwise through the middle of the Hibte ; some roll it up Hud tuck it under the Hthle; some shake it over their heads ; some clinch it in their band as if they wire going to throw it at the audience ; and some keep crowding it in their pock' 's and pulling it out again, wnli a nervous movement, h! if thev did not know wliHt use to make of llieir hands. I went to lienr a popular young preacher and an much an half of his ier* inon was made up of pockeldiandkerchief and (lie must of the other half was gold watch and scraps of poetry. Dm11 op 5*oit. for Grates.?It will do well em ugh to work the soil lor afoot or eighteen inches f?r grapes, where but a few crops are wanted; but for a con' tinuAtice of many years and many crops, deep working is as necessary as the slight tillage for the few crops. The tendency A of the roots ifc downward, and never back to the surface. If, therefore, the under soil is hard and raw, the vine must suffer in consequence. It ts bene* that we see the many failures of old vines. These failures we seldom meet with on alluvial or oilier pervious soil* ; hut on the high clay subsoils they are common. This clav is cold ? ju?t the reverse what a cape soil should be. There should be sufficient clav mixed t?ith other matter, so that the fruit may grt the hey6t of the clay and no more. The man who plants a vine for perpetuity must dig and fetich ; he must work ? and hia work must be according to the time he proposes for Lfs tree. for according to that time will be the extent of the roots; and as the extent of the roots is, so must be (ho culture of the soil. Pei?pbr UaoII.?Six cabbages, chop m tlifiu ; fifty sweet peppers, chop them after removing the seeds ; one fourth of A pound, mustard seed ; one fourth of A pound, allspice ; salt to taste. Put in A jnr <>r iui>, mix up well, then add vinegar enough to cover all. Set in a cool place* When you want to use some, tako two quarte, add a tearup of brown* sugar, and let it be heated through ? not boiled. To* Makk Shirt Bosoms Sbime.? Take two ounces of gum arabic powder, put it into a pitcher and pour on it a pint or uu.re of boiling water (according to the strength fou desire,) and then, having covered it, let it stand all night. In the morning pour it carefu'ly from tbt dregs, into a bottle, cork it for use. A table spoonful of this w ater stirred in the pot of starch that has been made in the usual manner will give the tinea a beautit ful lustre. We e boy tlie oilier day borrow A, stick of candy fiorn a comrade to abow liiin that he could pull it out of bie ear. I la swallowed it, and then twisted himi self in various ways to extract it, but at length informed his companion that ba had forgotten that part of the trijk. "Do you propose to put Ikeintoaatora, Mrs. Partington f" asked a friend. Yes," replied the qld l?dy, "but I'm pestiferous to know which. Soma tall me the wholesome trade ia the beat, but I believe the ringtail will ba lha inoet bt? neftcioua to him " If a loafer end** gallon of wbiakay ia tilling tide by tide, which will b* drunk (irtl t Why it a lady of fathion like i iimi restful eporteman f Hectuae ?hs bags ilit hair. A yankee has just taught duoks to swim in hot water with tuob tuccea* thai tbey lay boiled epgt. A French newspaper aaya only tbraa of iit subscribers are halt], and thej SIS io. arrears for subscription.