The Lancaster ledger. (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, March 07, 1866, Image 1
m
VOLl'MB XV. " LAjSC'aSTKU C. II., S C., MAUCLL7, 1866. . PilllER 4
^ m a . .. i. . ... . ~ -
reio oi mc urec'lmcn's Bureau
Bill
To the Senate of (he United States :
I bave examined with cue (lie bi'l
.which originated hi the Senate, ami lias
been passed by the two Houses of Con
ffress, |o amend an Act entitled "An Act
to establish a B'ireiu for the relief of
freedmen and lit-fugees," and for oilier
purposes. I lacing, with much regret.
Come to the conclusion tli <t it would not
be coin* stent with the public welfare to
gita my approval to the messure, I re
turn the bill to the Senate with aiv oh
eovions t?> its beoo'iiiug a law.
I might call to ni nd, in advance of
these objections, that iliete is no imu?edii
t# necessity for the |ir"t>0,,ed measure -
^J'he Act to establish h Bureau fur the ro
lief of freedmen h ?i refugee*, which
approved in trie month of March last,
has not yet expired. It whs thought
tnngeni and extensive enough fur Dm
purpose In view in time of war. Before
it cea?e? to have efF-c'. f irtfier expeiienca
may assist to guide us to a wis* conclusion
# At to tliss policy to be adopted in lime of
peace.
i stixre with Congress the strongest no
re to secure to the firsiiiVsn the full en
joy men I of 'heir freedom and their pro
pert?. an I their entire independence end
uuslity in making contract* for their la
bor ; hut the hill before me con'a'iin pro
vitions which, ill tn? opinmn, ere not war
raided l?v the Constitution, mid are no'.
Well suited lo accomplish iheend in view
'I he bdl proposes to estHblish. hv nil
thoritv of Cotitf?e?*. mdiinry jurisdiction
over all pan* of the (Jniletl States cot
taining refugees ami fieeilmeti It would,
bv it* very nature, npplr with most force
|p those parts of the United Slates in
which the freedmer inoai al?oi ; and it
expressly axieud* the vx sting temnorarv
jiitisi|ieiion of the Freedtnnn'e B ireau
with greatly enlarged pow?r*. over thnya
fta'e*. "ill Mrfitell the ordinary cn?r*e o'
j>i iici*! proceeding* ha* b?*n m'errn|?tI
bv the rebellion " .Tl??? *ou?o? fn?m which
(hif mi liary jurisdiction i* to emanate i?
tione other then (lie President of the
Unit'd State*, noting through the War
1 taper fceiil and ilia Cornrni?*i<nier of the
Frtodinen'a Bureau. The agent* to cari
ty out tin* military jurisdiction are lo be
Selected either from the army or fr mi
civil life: the country i* to h**rl vi?!?.I in
lo district* and auli districts, aa,| 'hetniin
Iter of talntied agent* to be etnplv-d
iniRF he equal to the ? umber <>f Conn'ie*
or Parish** in all the United Stale* where
freer)men and refugee* are to he found
The tihjecla over which thi* military
j iriedio.liou i* lo extend ill everr part of
the Untied State*. inrlio'e protection to
. "ell employee*, agent* nnd officer* of iht?
11.. -11.- : - f -
i'ux-hh i ii o r>r'rl?n l?l 111* lilt lc? III)
poted'' upon them l>y I Or b'll In eleven
Hlilc* it ie to turi!irr to extend omr k I
ceiee nfV-eiiiii; freedm?*u nod 'e^ii^ee* ili-crimiOMtrH
mj*in?l "bv locnl law. custom
or prejudice." In thee* e!??e S >?'?? the
till' Mihjects ?nv while person who iiihv
be cherged with depriving h firH'ltmtii of
'any civil right* or iiniiinni'iM* belonging
to white person*," to imprisonment or
fine, or botli ? without, however, defining
the "civil rights Hod immunities" which
Are thy* to he secitfe'd to the frerdnirn by
tnililnrv lew. 'Mlie mil tsry j-iriedirtipn
e'eo extol* to ell qnmyont thai mtf
arise rewpect contract*. The agent
who itTtliu* to eierci-e the ofti.-e of a mil
i.ary j id.'e in\j be * e'ranjer, entirely
igOoraQt of the l?w* of the piece, end ex
poeed to the errors of judgment to which
e!l men are liable. Toe ex-ici?e of povr>
I. over winch there i? no legal aupervia.
ion, br ?o ?a?t a number at a/eu*t hd i?
contemplated by the bill, mnat, by the
fary nature of man, be attended by acta
of caprice, ii juatice an I p*?aion.
TiiO triala haying their origin under thin
bill .are to take place wnl out the inter
Ventiou of a jury, and ' without aov fixed
tee of law or evidence The rulea on
Meh offences are to be "heard and de
fermir.ed" by the no'dermis agents, are
uch rulce and regulations aa the Pre?i
dent, through the War Department, rdinll
pre-crihe. No previooa presentment is
required, nor any indictment charging the
Commission of a crinfe against the lawa;
but the trial fVtuat proceed on charges
and a pec ficationa The punishment will
be?not what the law d eel area?but auch
?a court in inial may think proper; and
from those arbitrary tribunal*, there lie*
no appeal, no writ of e'ror to any of the
ceurta in which the Constitution nf the
?! <? ?fltl e?o!iiaivaly lllfjil If
? ciftl power-of tha country.
Wfiila lli? territory ami 11> eliwi of
nation* ?n?t oflT?*ncca tint are made ??!?
j*d to (Kit rrvnaajra are an eitar.aiva, the
fwlf itaalf. ahoulil it baaoma a law, will
have no limitation in point of tima, hut
will form a part of tha nnf.naiiant l?*gia
lation of tha country. I cannot lasnnciU
' i "ayalam of military jnri?dictinn of thia
kind with tha* word* of tha Conrtitntinn,
which dec. area that ''no perron ah all ha
bald to anawar for a capital or otherina*
infamnoa crima nnlw* on a praaanimant
Of indictment of a grand j??rv, ri apt in
caaaa aiiaing in tha land and naval force*,
Of in tha nu'litia, when in actual service
i
in time of wHr or public din^r;" ami
ibhi "in nil criminal primecutionB. the
accused kIihII enj it the ri^ht to m speedy
nil public trial, bv nil *mi>Artiwl jirv of
the Mate or Dia'rict wherein ihe crime
shall Imve been committed" The safe
iimt'ds winch the experience and wi?doin
< of aces taught oiir la'her* to eitab i*h a?
secuniies lor the protection of the inno
cent, tlie punishment ol the guilty, and
iheeq-ia1 Administration o' jnoice, ere to
he nei aside. and for the nuke of a more
vigoroun interposition in behalf of justice,
?ve ere to take the risk of the iiihiiv act*
of injiiB ice tliHl would m-ces?tnly follow
I from h ll almost couu'le?m ! ii ill) ? r of agents,
| estnb ih! eil tu every I'aruli orOouiily in
| nearly h third mI lit a StH'ns of the Union.
o?r whine decisions 11?? ro is In |ih no
supervision or Control by the Federal
Courts The tmwer that \v<tnI<I be thus
p aced in the hands ol the President is
?urb, ?'h in time of peace, certainly nuqhi
never to be entrusted to hiiV one man.
If it be asked whether die creation of
such a tribunal within a State is warran
led as a measure of war, the qieslion
unme liately pre?etits Use f, whether we
aie still ei>v;ao?(| m war. Let u* not tin
ne<'a>?aii<v disturb tbe commerce and
credit ami industry of the country, hv
lecturing to the American people an I to
lilt* world ilia*, the United Mate* are stil!
in a condition of civil war. At present,
iltere is no part of our coon rv in which
thr anthoritv of the Linte l State* is rln
pu'ed. Oll-nces that mav be coin milted
hv individuals should not w.uk a forfenu'e
of the rights of who'e couitii'intitea. Tn
country has re'iirned, or it te urnhiir, to
a state of peace an.l industry, an i the
rebellion is, in tact, at an end. The
measure, therefore, aeeint to he at incon
Osteal with the actual colidliioii of ilia
eoqn'rv at it i* at variance with tlie Constitution
of the United Stales.
!f passing from general coutideraiiont.
we examine the h II in detail, it is open
to weighty objac'tons.
... .-...V -M ?n , It. in rurili'lHIV Jirc?|I^T .
that wh it'innM provide tor iIionm wlm *r?ItMSMI.ir
Ill\ H C >11 111 l?>ll ?tf |
lo h lint? of Iroeiloill Hit I li s
li'll propose* 10 in?k# tt:? Frewlni-nV
Hurt*nii. l?y lit* Ao 14! ISUa,
H8 on? of in ?nr irreNt mi l ^xtrnnrdiii.trx
military ill**m?iires l<> utippre** h foini'iin
I>Im rebellion, * pwrinnii?iil l>rNi\i*li n r tin- I
imhiic Htlniinitunti<in, wiili it* |i i?vr>
| l?r?Nt'y enl ir^nil. | Iinv* ho r**imii to
' ftilp|K>KN, Atnl I (III Hilt under*'and >1 to I in
mUhjhI, t T* at ill? Act o! M iii'li, l?u*
, proved ilfti 'iniii lor tlie purpo.? for wlndi
it |noiHi|t al(hntio|, at tliNi tune. and for
h c ?)imil?ral> e p-r iliere*'t?r, tlm (J ?v
ernm-nt ? ! ilia U tiled Slate* lein titled !
un?c nowledoed in niiiNi of tli? Sonet ^
? I|H?C ill l| HI'Ilh III* ll Mil l>-<*ll ItlV'llVrlJ III |
<iiH rel.el|ion. I'll* inniiuiinn of ulnv-rt, I
for ill- mi'iiMfv iles'rtic ion of which t) **
Fr-eilHI?n'? litireni *a? cullml let* ex '
j lniMiifM Mil nn Mii^ilmrv. loi* nlr-n.lv '
-ir?uiMlly mihI (IdmIU m In on ? t-<l ilnonyli '
j mil tin* wonle Ununli ? I V Hi) milt'iil m-iil
| of I} i *3 Oollal il III lull of lli- U ! 11 1 *3 ^
] hiii] prHi'licH'lT il" rNdic ilioti line receive.I j
ihe h??uM Mini 1-onrurruiicu of moil of
lho?? S'Mt|)? hi w>iit-li li mi nnv lima hail
mi -xj"I-i;cm i miii not, tli-'o'oni, mIi'lo
rli?cerii, in the romlition ol llm <*ouiii
irv, h iv v I li i ii tf loji??ifv nii M|ipreliffii?iiwi '
,iIihI llm power* m 11 1 mj?-n?*i-? of lliFree
(linen's HnrHHii, wlncfi were effective
for llie prole. lion of fr-e<liri-n Mini r-fn.
vrmiring ill# act'ial continuance <>l',
hn?liliflea- himI of African servitude, will ;
now. in ? tunc ?it pence iiinl ?fu-r the
abolition of slavery, |iro*n inmlfq ill* to
the same proper ends If I am correct
in these viwe, there Ml he tio nece**ltv
j for the enlargement of the power* of the
; Bureau, fur wliicli provisions is mad# in
llie hill
The third section of the hill authorize*
H tJ-ocrKl Mini linhini ei| ipinil o' sO|i|iort I
to i|ie destitute ninl suffering reffu^ee* Mini
fr ceil men, their wives urn! rlfl'ilrrn # Sue |
cce'ling eve mns make provision for the
rent or purchase of landed estate* for i
free lmen. end lof the erection, for thetr
benefit, of suitahll building* for a?rlttrr.s
end schools ? til# expense to he deflated
from the treasury of tl>e who'e people,?- j
The Conor*** of the United Stale* ha*
never hereto'nr# thought itself empower ,
ed to establish asjrhims hevond the limits
of the District of Coht'tihia rep*, for ;
he ' enefir of oor disabled 'old er* and :
sailors |i has never founded sclmo's for j
anv class for our own people?not even
for the orphans of those who have fallen
in the defence of the Un-on, hut has left
the care of duration to the much tn-ue
cornj??tenl .and efficient control of the
States. (|l ro nmuniiies, of private associa- :
lions atffl of individuals. It hsa never :
j ciaama.l ? ?# Ir author Mil to axnand th# 1
pnl?lio mnnn for tin* r*n? or piirrh ?? of
hoin?a f??r iha 'Knti?iiqi|*, noi to *? mil*
lion?, of iha whit* r?M, who ara honaatlv
(oiling, from da? ?o dar, for lhair
tanra. A ayatain for ihaanpport of imlo
Jfant peraon? in th? Unit* I tttaiaa wtn
?i???r rontamp'a'ad hv tha author* of iha
Con?t'luiion ; oor pan i??? poor! ra-?-on
ho advanced wht. aa a parmanant a?tah<
litlnnanl, it ahonld )< fomdad for ona
olaaa or color 01 our paopla mora than an.
oibtr. Padding tba war, man* rafugaaa
and freedoten received support of the
Qov?rnii)?nt, .but it was never intended
that : hey should henceforth he fed, rloih
ed, educn'ed and sheltered by the United
State*. 'INie idea on which the duvet
were assisted to freedom whs, that, mi
becoming free, thev would be a *elf-sus?
laming population. Any legislation that
shall imply that thev are i.ot expected to
attain a ?elf mis' aim tig condition, must
have a tendency tnj irioua alike to their
character and their prospects.
The appointment of an agent f?vr everv
County and Parish will cre<l? an i:n'
neiise patronage ; and the expense of the
j nnmerotis oflicer* and their clerk*, to be
appointed t'V the President, will he yiim'
in the treginninjj. wiili a t**i?r|**Ticy s'eadi
ly li? increase. The appropriation* asked
l>v the Kreedlnrri'* Pnreau as now >?l?
lished, for iIih v* ir 1800,t*wonr?t to $| |,
74,?000. It may Ii?* safe'v estimated
that the .10*t to ho incurred under the
pending hill will ?*-c|-ur? double that h
uriiiiit?morn than the entire sum expen
ded hi any ono year under the minimis*
Iratiol) of the second Adam*. Illliepifl*
' cure of in e*er\ I'arish and Coiiii
ly is to he considered hi h war measure, h
opp laiiion, or oven resistance, uii/hl lv*
! provoked ; ko that. to g've I'lf-n't to.tlial
jurisdiction, troops w.itiid have to he st*
I Hone I within reach of everv one of tliem;
; and thus a lar^e standing force he ren
dernd ne-er-arv. Par^e appropriations
would, therefore, he req lired to Mist tin
and n'-f.irce military ion* Itction in every
County or Parish 1mm the Potomac to
ihe Ivio (iramla. The Condition of onr
I fi>o*l nil* ire is encouraging; hut, in ."dy''
to wis*am the present measure of pu't'c
confidence, it is necessary that we practice
not*mere'v c<istoniarv economy, toil as
j far as p .ssdile, seven* retrenchment.
I 1 (. it> trie nlijectinnn HlrcHiK
I Aimed, tlie fifth ner'i'^i of the liill propo
I ???? to l*ke ?w*v Inlid from II* former
' riWiiern willi iUkiu leon' proceeding* lie
| i<ig tir? hud, omi'rurv to th*t provision
| of the Cons'it ulioit which dec'sle* lliH'
I no person >I ;?11 "lie deptivcd of life, lilier
iv or proper'v, ?i Inoil liile process of
Uw." It i| not wppeur thst * psrt of
i the land to w l irli tin* section refer* iuhv
not lie o ? ne,| |<v minors or person* ?>f
uti?o<m<l niiml, or I v those who h*ve
' eei, Hi'lifiil to hM tlieir tdtliifHtimift m
izens of ilit* IJniteil Sin e* If sny por
tioim of (lie Im'hI in liel.l by ?urh persons'
it i? not competent for mhv niulioritv to
deprive litem of it If, on the ntlt-r h ind,
it tie fiinrnl i It at the properly i* litli'e t
Oonh'Cntion, even llotn ii CHniiot lie spprn
pri-tted to politic p up men until, I v due
process of Ihw, it sli * 11 linve been decinr
ei| forfeited to tlie (ro Vernment.
There is etiI fortlier ohjmtion to the
(.ill, on ground* seriously nfl-cling tli?*
clss* of per-ons In whom it in designed
to bring relief. It will telnl to k*ep tlie
mi nil of tlie (teedmen iii^s sts'e of oncer
i*>ii pn|ipn?in)n Hh<l re?t ie??ne*? w In e to
t ll < ! *#> KlIMDlf wllltlll lie lives i- will ll? K
source of constant hii'J vague Hpprclif.n
ion.
Undonlitedly the freedmen nhotiM lie
protected, lull he w' i on I | he protected l>V
I lie civil million! ie*. e?p*ci*llv l?v the ex*
ercme of *11 ili?* constitution*! power* of
dm court* of die United St*tes end of die
S'*ie*. Hi* cojiilidnn i? no no *xpo?ed
m* in*v hi Ur*l I'* imagined. I'" '* i'i *
portion of lli** cO'trUrv wliere In* labor
chuiioI well l>e enured. Competition for
hi* *ervice* from planter*, from 'horn who
*[e cnnMriieling or repairing radrosd* and
from capitalist* in lii* vicinage or from
ii hit -nun'", m ni ?*i)4D'rt''tin to cwnnianil
a in >*t lif? ii\?n term* lie a'*n p ?****?*?
a |ifrfi-cl richt to change In* place of
hImi le, mi.I if. therefore, ho doe* cot find
in one coin n 11 nii v or State a mode of lif?
*uile<1 In hi* de?ire?, or proper reinnnvra
tiori for hi* labor, be cm move 10 another,
where t Ii at labor i? in >re e*teenie I mil
lienor rew*n|e.|. In truth, however, ?noli
S ate inHiicnil i?v ii* o?vn want* and in
ere*'*, ?i l ii.* what i* nec***ar* and pro:
per to retain wnhin it* border* all lh? la
tmr that i? needed tor ilia development of
it* re* urea* The law* that regula'e
opplv an'l demand will maintain their
fore*, anil Ii* wage* of tha laborer will
l*a regulated thereby, There i* no Han
l?er that the eiceeding great demand for
labor will not oparate in favot of tha la
l?orer ?
Neither ia eufllcient consideration given
to ttia ability of iba freedmen to protect
and take car* of tliein?elve* It i* no
more (ban j i*t:e.e to thatn to believe that
a* tliev have received tiiatr freedom with
moderation and forbearance, tb-v will
di*tingni?h themsalva* hf tliair indttatry
and thrift, and ion Khyw the world that
in a condition of Iro?,I l.?? --- ~-ir
euataininf, capaU* of a?l*<-tin7 their own
employment end their own placeof abode,
n' inaiating for themaelve* on a pr?p?r
rem or era i ion, .nod ot eatahliahtng and
maintaining their own aayluina end
acltoftle. It i* earnea'ly hoped that in
need of wealing n?n|, they *i'! S* their
own efforia eatah'iaS for themaelyna a ron
d'linn of reape<M ability an 1.prosperity ?
It ia certain that they ran attain to that
condition only through their own merita
aod exertions. ,
In tbia connection, the T,,rJ preaenta
h'llier the system proposed I>v
this hill wi11 fiiil, vlirn put into comp ete
operation. practically transfer the entire
care, support and con'rol oi 4,000,0110 of
emancipated shivea to nt;eii'?, oversees
or taxk masters who, appointed at Wash
llioton, are to lip located in every (JolintV
and Parish throughout the United States
containing freed men mid refugee* Such
a am'tin would intvitahlv tend to a con
central ion of power in the Kx*cntiv?,
I which wouhl enable h 171. if so disposed,
to control the action of ?lii? t.in.
ulna-, ?nd use them fur the attainment of
hi* own I'o'n cil end*.
I ca'nnol hut add another jjravp ol.j
lion to n is lei'. The Constitution im
j pernitve'y declare*, in contqm'ion with
Ihx.'Hion, that e ich S'ate shall Ihvh at
least nt'C rc?|>ri*-1?;i?:?tivt?, and lix.-s the
r11!? fur the iiiiuiher to which, in future
ttriiP!?. each Stite shall he *an*i111 It
also provide! that the Senate of the
United Stile* shall ha composed nl two
^ena'.ors from each Stale, and add., w:jh
peculiar force, that no St ft?, witlioui its
cot sent, shall ha deprived of us equal
sufl'rauft ill the Senate. I lie original net
was iiecessarilv pained in the nhsence of
the Sta'es chiefly t)i he affected, I ecan?e
ilisir people were cnnlUtllacioU'dv onoaoed
in the r.ehellioll Now, the case is change t,
arwi some, at least, of those States, tire
attending Congress 1?v 'oval ippresentjt
live*, solicitiiit! ilie allowance of the Con
siitnlional right of representation. A'
1 the time, however, of t lie consider at ion
i and the Dass'tio of tbis hill there was lio
. Senator or UcprcsentMlive in Cotigre-s
from the n'even St^i'es wi icli are to lie
maiuK affected liv its provision? The
verv fact that retmrts were and a*o made
aoftiusl 'lie good disposition of |||" people
of that poriio.i of iliAconntrv. is an addi
tonal reason wli\ liter lieed and shotlhl
have lUpresentalive* i.f their own in
. I' ill ire?* l.> o ihiiii tlieo e.in. 1 i r"' *
! men* ? inii?, mt'l 111?* r 'ecuI
knilA'l>"iiri>, in t'?o perfecting of IIIO xiiifH
1 iinm?' i ;? ?*iv mu themselves. \\ I.i!h
to** lit>? r v <>f lUiilirrnlinii wmihi i! **ti In*
free. mo| wonlil lone full jiower
to <!eci'le iieonri|'n<? to it? jii'uuient, 111* r**
civiM lie no nt j-ftioii ur^el tlmt ihe
S H'es innul inteo'*ieil I nil not lirtn |>er
III t\ei| to In* 11?* *i. 1.
'I'lit* prmein'e i* (trni'y (!x?'l in the
miioln of i|m Atnericnn people (hit there
! lie in 1*1 In* no t*x ition wi limit represent
tmion. t?*? ?I 1111r ! *ik Imve iniin In*
| liorin* In sil the ronntrv, mi I we iiihv
hest flioiiHi il 1111%l l|n*v ?ti i'| In* liorrii*
wtlii ii* murmur when iliev nrn votml I v
;? in j ir;iv of tli** feo'eneiiintive* of tin*
f>ft"p'rt 1 WouM nol interfere v* i Ii the
I IIII11 lestuv III' * ri {III of I/. ingress In j nine.
hhc.Ii II ni*ii t ir it erlf, ''of il.n 'return*,
returns mnl <j'l i ti i'l in* of It* oo n mem
I her*" lt<it I'ltt ?iillioriiv' ennnot In*
! cmmTueil m* ?-Xi'!u<lu K llie ri^lit to shut
out. i'l lillle of pence, mi v Stole Irion lie
' represQ-tntiiin to **!ii?-li it i? entitled |iv
in?* i;<iii?trtiti<>fi At pr??Hiii. nil Hi* |t?*o
|i'w of nh-V.'ll S'ii'P* H'f #-Xrlilil?-i| tl|o?n
who im>*t f lillifnl during t'i? ?nr
not '?*? l!ntn tin* otlmr*. Dim StHi?? <>1
i for in?'itnct), w||i?n? i?irImrit *'"
? hi ri*lii>(Jiiina to nil
liwr i'ii|i?t\lilli<iliiil rrflnt loim to till* I ni >1)
i I?v tlm |.atn?iii*in *n?l rii(*i(v of !n*r inj
ir? < 1 hii I l.-liHViil p*n|>!ff Bt*fi.r? lli??
?v*r vviis brought to h l?*rininHlion, jln-v
liH-l |iUool t liHin?*iv?- * in roHiii.n* with
tli** (i*n*r*l i nv?*niini*nt, hml k*ihI> i*li!
h Sinie (tovi-riiinwiit of lh?-ir own, nnd, h?
thnv wi-rw not included 'n the ?tiiiHi ci|i-?
lion prooUinntion, ihev. I?t tl.e-r own net,
IihiI Hin-n ! * ! tli?*ir ('on*iitution * > ?* li>
thnliah *Uvery wnhin tha limit* of th*ir
Stnte 1 know no noun why 'lin ^t*t*
of Twnmo***, for riiinn'f, ?hnnM n it fnl
ly hiijov a i f? "r relations
t?> tl? lJIIiIr* 1 St:?tes "
Tim l*re* of the United SttlM
van.l? 'offfirl* I lie rounirr in * *omewlii?t
1' lT?* r ? ii I Hllil'i.lu from that of *nv fllftm
Imr itfCiD'jrsM Kicli tntsinher > ( Con
yre-,* is ? !? ? ??? * from * sinjjle District or
Niwie; lli# President it cli<???r |?? ll|ft
p^op'e of nil |Ii > Suite*. A? elrvm S'n'e*
I mro not st tlii? time represented in'either
branch nf Congress, it would spem to he
Ii'k ilnlv on *11 proper no<M?iorift to pre
sent their j ist rUims to Congress There
nlwavt will lie deferences of opinion in
ilift commoner, and intliridusli may
j gaiitv ef transgression* of ilin law ; hut
iliesft do not Miimitti* v ?li i onjeetions
! against tins right of a State to re|>ieaen
tation. i woiiM in no wise interfere with
J tho discretion of Com/res* wiili regard If)
' die qualification* of members, hut i lioM
it m* <i?itv to recommend to you, in the
interest* of pence mid in the imprests o!
Union, tins *dmission of every Slate toils
! share in pnMic legis'atinn, when, now.
erer, insubordinate. tn*urjent.or renelliom
i u* prnpia may imv? it
iUnif not onlv in ?n uttiimlt of loyalty
or! lummy, but in tl?? pnrnona of rop
. roaritln'.i* *a. lovaUv cannot l>#
q-iMMona-f undxr any fKntin^ con<li:u
tionnl or U^al t??t.
It i? plain tWat an in<]?ft?iitn or pnrmv
nnnt #*' lo? f?n of nny part of ihneountrf
I from r#prM?i?i?iinii mutt l>? ntl?m!n<t )>r
n afmit ?.f ! aqniat and entnpiainl. Il 11
I uo?i?t* anil daotf?ro?i? to purtti* a tAnm
I of mtaturt* a Licit will unit? n r?ry lar^t
section of I tie country against Another
large section ?<f the country, however
tiilicit the letter may preponderate. The
i course of emigration, the (leve'opmeiiU of |
1 industry nod business, end natural causes,
will raise up at the South men as devo.
ted 'O the Lin ion as those of any other I
part of the land. But if they are all ex i
e nded from Congress?if, iu a permanent ,
statute, they are declared to ha not in lu 1
constitutional relations to the coun'ry.
they may think they have cause to become
a unit in feeling and sentiment
against the Government, Under the
political education of the American peo
p'e, the idea is ''nherent anil ineradicable
that the consent of tha majority of the
nrim.H peop ? is necessary to secure a
willing ;?i'ij'i]cs(e hoc in legislation.
I he I?i I under consideration refers to
certain <>f ilie Si ate? a*though thev had
not "linen tullv resmrad mi all their Con|
*iituitonal relations to the United Sures"
, If tlwv have nut, let us at once act to
{ t?etli?r to secure tliat desirable end at the
I earliest possible liniment. It is hardly
j necessary for me t.i inform Congress ili.v,
j mi tiiy own judgment, most of those
| States, so far at least as depends tlticil) I
tlie1 r own actio! , have already heen fully )
restoied, an I are to he daeuteil as ent*?
tied to enj iv their Co'istitutional riL-liis
?s ineinhers of tlie Uinon. 'Reasoning
from the Constitution it<eif, arid from the
actual silua'ion ol the country, I fee| not
J oidv entitled, hut hmirid, to assume that
, with the I'Vlera1 Coins restored, and
tlni<e of the d States mi the full ex,
' erci?e of their functions, tho rights arnl
interests of al' < asses of the people will, '
j with the aid of ihe itinuarv mi Caves ol j
resistance to the law. tin ms.?mi ijdlv pro
tected ajainsi un'ronsliuiuotiai iiifnucei I
j incut xii'l v i>>' hi ion.
Klmu'.l iIiih itation unhappily fai' j
? ? li!oli I iln noi ? than I'i .
K\*CUl Vf in u reii'v nrmail With tin*
pKwpr* eonft*rrvi| |?v tlm A?JI of March.
1805, t"s nl?lis!iiit?j dm Km-.lumn'a 1 iu.
i-au, am! I i?rcnfmr, hh ln*re'"f?r?. Im i'hm
: miiphiv tli#? land and naval forma of dm
(onoirv to auppr<??a insurrection or to
overcome nlistiiiclionti 'o llm lawn.
In HC-'onlsn niil? the Oonatitiitton. I
return the I> !t to tlm Senum. in lht< ??:?r? .
est hope dial a measure involving qnes
fio"a ami inlerea's ho important to The
; .-onn<rv wilt not become h law |
j Hi-oil deliberate consideration l>v dm peo j
pie. it h!i?II receive i|i- a <lie<ion of hll e?lightened
public jo loiii-nt.
ANhltKW JOlIV<OM
W AStltVOTCS, February 19, 1800.
A VKifv learned ami compassionate
judge in Texas on p?8?iit!j sentence on
J >bn Jones, who ha I been omvii'tnl of
' murder, concluded bis remarks ks fol- j
' lows t
Tli? hict is, J that the court ?1 i?t I
i r.oi intaml to onl?*r toji to ha executed I
he'ore next spring, foil tin* weather is very j
co!i| ; our jail, unforiunatelr, is in a very I
|>ail cotnliiion ; much rtf the gIin ilia
windows broken ; the chimney* are in
such a dilapidated stale that no (lie Can
he ma la to rainier your apartments coirJortah'a
; besides, owing lo the grant t
nnmhar of prisoner*, not more than one j
blanket can |i? allowed to each; to sleep
sound anil comfortable, therefore, is out i
of ?!it* question. lu consideration of these
circumstance*, and wishing to !?<a*n vour
suffering* hs much as possible, the court,
in the rttfi'M of in humane compassion,
hereby order# roflLlO ha executed to mor
row morning, as noon after breakfast a# |
in tv he convenient to the oL^ritF and
a^reeah'e t<? you
ItKAniFit-Tiloronr ?A writer whoso
life lias passer! it# meridian, tin# eloquent
i ly discourse* upon the speedy flight of
tune
'Forty years once seemed a long ami
weary pilgrimage to mftke. It now seem#
hut a step; ami yet along the way are
broken *lirine, where a thousand hopes
w#?<e 1 into ashes, footprints sacred under
their drif'tng duM, green mound* where
the grass is fiesh with (ha watering of
Ilea**; ?liHdo*? cen in which we should j
not forget. We will garner the eanditne
I of ilni?e Jims, Hil l wuli chaft'ei.ei^^lep*
end hope puvh on toward the twinkling
where the water* ere till, end the etornu
never bvat."
A little girl ?? laiely reproved for
p'aying oil doon with boye, end inform
ed that be'ng aeven year* o'd, the whs
"u?i b g for that now." But with all
imaginable innocence ol.e replied : ?
' Why, grandma, the bigger we grow the
better we like 'em." Grandma took lime
to ihmk.
At twilight every Lea becomea a rooa
i kr.
Handkerchief Preachers
A correspondent of lb* 'Christian Reflector'
snys :
I no'icc in some cases a handkerchief ???
liahit in the pulpit, which has led me to
inquire if the use of '.hat very necessary
article is a part of theological training.?
I notice some m-niBlers take it out of
their pocketh ?b they do their sermons, ?
p.nd lay it on the pulpit. Some spread
it out lengthwise through the middle of
the Hibte ; some roll it up Hud tuck it
under the Hthle; some shake it over
their heads ; some clinch it in their band
as if they wire going to throw it at the
audience ; and some keep crowding it in
their pock' 's and pulling it out again,
wnli a nervous movement, h! if thev did
not know wliHt use to make of llieir
hands. I went to lienr a popular young
preacher and an much an half of his ier*
inon was made up of pockeldiandkerchief
and (lie must of the other half was gold
watch and scraps of poetry.
Dm11 op 5*oit. for Grates.?It will
do well em ugh to work the soil lor afoot
or eighteen inches f?r grapes, where but
a few crops are wanted; but for a con'
tinuAtice of many years and many crops,
deep working is as necessary as the slight
tillage for the few crops. The tendency A
of the roots ifc downward, and never back
to the surface. If, therefore, the under
soil is hard and raw, the vine must suffer
in consequence. It ts bene* that we see
the many failures of old vines. These
failures we seldom meet with on alluvial
or oilier pervious soil* ; hut on the high
clay subsoils they are common. This
clav is cold ? ju?t the reverse what a
cape soil should be. There should be
sufficient clav mixed t?ith other matter,
so that the fruit may grt the hey6t of
the clay and no more. The man who
plants a vine for perpetuity must dig and
fetich ; he must work ? and hia work
must be according to the time he proposes
for Lfs tree. for according to that
time will be the extent of the roots; and
as the extent of the roots is, so must be
(ho culture of the soil.
Pei?pbr UaoII.?Six cabbages, chop m
tlifiu ; fifty sweet peppers, chop them
after removing the seeds ; one fourth of A
pound, mustard seed ; one fourth of A
pound, allspice ; salt to taste. Put in A
jnr <>r iui>, mix up well, then add vinegar
enough to cover all. Set in a cool place*
When you want to use some, tako two
quarte, add a tearup of brown* sugar, and
let it be heated through ? not boiled.
To* Makk Shirt Bosoms Sbime.?
Take two ounces of gum arabic powder,
put it into a pitcher and pour on it a
pint or uu.re of boiling water (according
to the strength fou desire,) and then,
having covered it, let it stand all night.
In the morning pour it carefu'ly from tbt
dregs, into a bottle, cork it for use. A
table spoonful of this w ater stirred in the
pot of starch that has been made in the
usual manner will give the tinea a beautit
ful lustre.
We e boy tlie oilier day borrow A,
stick of candy fiorn a comrade to abow
liiin that he could pull it out of bie ear.
I la swallowed it, and then twisted himi
self in various ways to extract it, but at
length informed his companion that ba
had forgotten that part of the trijk.
"Do you propose to put Ikeintoaatora,
Mrs. Partington f" asked a friend.
Yes," replied the qld l?dy, "but I'm
pestiferous to know which. Soma tall
me the wholesome trade ia the beat, but
I believe the ringtail will ba lha inoet bt?
neftcioua to him "
If a loafer end** gallon of wbiakay ia
tilling tide by tide, which will b* drunk
(irtl t
Why it a lady of fathion like i iimi
restful eporteman f Hectuae ?hs bags
ilit hair.
A yankee has just taught duoks to
swim in hot water with tuob tuccea* thai
tbey lay boiled epgt.
A French newspaper aaya only tbraa of
iit subscribers are halt], and thej SIS io.
arrears for subscription.