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I - Jt Vtmt" ^ ? *r+,~r~ ?? ? * ?? -- ???" -"? w -* . * ' |'<'.^. ^ ^ ? - - . . - - ? i i i 1- -~- "?::-ir.:.r:??::, , -zcrz;j.-t_i_ i.^. rem -J. H-.-j. u "A2 PEH ANN IT \f ,/^-v ' Turn to the Pre???Its tcemlnn Sheets survey, 1'TVT A TYt/T A \fPT? k- uii aiiilUiU Bie wku ihe uanders of each passing day. 1 IN A U V A IN \ J 111 M 3 /u.iiilt} flail ^uliricnl ^irios^a^tc-?Draatrll !a tljr Arts, Iriwrs, iC itrraturr, tCDaratiott, Agrirulturc, 3otrruai 3uiprBuruifHts, /migu anil TmurstU lltuis, uub tljt Blarkrts. foLl'ME V.' LANCASTER. C. H.. SOUTH CAROLINA, WEDNESDAY MORNING. DECEMBERS, 1856. NUMBER 45. PRESIDENTS MESSAGE. j Frllnw CititclHi uf liiC StiUilc \ muI of the Ilount oj It pre nn lativet " [CoKCLl'UKl) J I ' ^ 1 refer you lo tliu reject o tl.e Secle feiitiy ol Hie Treasury lor jiHiiieiti <r in- j j;., formation concerning the li.iMiic.a conni- | m lion nl the gmernttretil# and the vimon* ; r> tirmiciu'4 01 i lie judaic i^rvnJe ctimiecu-tl ? with the TiVHMiri L>--j?.trrni**iit. u, During lire la>? li-c.<l \e.ir ihe receiji i> j m from cii?l<uiiM weie, for trie lirv t ine, more ,,, lliMii ttixly l.iiir uiilinui dollars, and fr<uii ' nil sou h e*, aeteniy Ml r- r mil ton nine Inin )M dred Mini eighteen lltoua.md m e tiiimlreil I j.. Mini forty one lio.lnr- ; mIii. Ii \v Hi llmnm- }> mice on liiiiul up lo Hit- 1 ?l ot July, lbSo in?deilie total rcmuirce* of ihe ye..r l<i J |y MUiouiii 10 ninety two million eight luin- , dred ami lil y ihuU*Mitd mir li mil e i ami j ls tevciiteeii dollar*. The ex|ietnliinre>, in ti, eluding three iiiillnm dollars in execuuon ?j nf the lreaty wnli Mexictt, anil excluding s-Uiiis |i iid on acctiuni of the jniMic tleiu. ,.j uiinninieti lo sixty million uiie liiliuliiil , Mini aexettiy l^o timuiMud four hundred Mini one ilniiHm, ami, including tlie lullt i, Vj to aeveuit two million miie lui <dr-'d an I |.i to|l? eight tliol|?ilitl se\ ell l.uildletl Hlnl it in* y-i ?\o d J ait tit' ji tynenlon < lo* mi r, eoniii lotV.tig on ninei' lo twehe miliuiii ,,| net en houiticd ai.tl aeVeiiti MX itioiiMtno ,,, lime liitiitd nit i inlt ollnr-. j < ft. a*> i \T O o .1 * Ml 1 ?* 111' ?>1 .MillCH I0?>0. I lit* ?t II l< I I III |(| of* the pul? !' ?l-!t >*?* -ixt\ ii Hi** 1111111<-it I I 'III- llll|U |?'l| itl.lt I Will' \ llll-f I ill'llK'ltlll I;, nine litiiflnii am' ilnm -e\eii d? Il.it*.? p, I l.ele V H.* H *tlt.-l'\|M< 111 UI' ll'HUl' of |W?I ,| nil.ii<xi h?*v?ii liiii ilr.if Mini tittv thousand ,,1 Uu.lat* lor i!.* iit?iii of Tex a*?making a )K tola o eveim-one mi lion eight hundred J ?| a d i"rii v-ni iIkiii-hikI nine liiimlri'il j and ih>m-i?* \ei dn iar* < thin. ilmanm i .? of for > fii * inn*i? n five bundled ami Iwen- | |, V}' IIv?- thoU-atid '. lirec lliilldred and l.iltfe |, teen .lobar*. inriu in</ |>i*'111111111 11ma I i| ia. li:ir.o*?l, 'educing the debt In tliiriy > m ni !lit v ?en hundred and iliirly *e?on d thrtiiaaitd one hundred and l?wntl ii'iie <| dollar*; n't "f nlti.'h ?n;l!?d ' *> pind wilhiii a ?i ir ir whhniif einb:irr i??inti tin* public aer | ?i viii?, I.nt heing not vei due. and nnlv ?e- j n UmCrIiV nl ill.* Option of |1|e bolder i'mli j b not be prcoc.l i*? pnvuieni l>\ the govern | f:i men*. On exutiiming the expenditure* of the a laat f|i e rear*. if will tie *een itia! itiP *vp. > ? rage. deducting pavment* on account of ?, I lie public debt, and Ten million* paid bv | b Irent V fo Mexico, lias been but about forlV ' a eight nitl'ion dollar*. It ia believed tliaf, under an economical ndmWibfrntion of tbe j S government, the average expenditure for a! tbe emoting five rear* will not exceed that i mm, unleaa ex'rnenlinnrv mvaaion for ita ri tncrea?e ahotild occur. Tbe act* granting ! it bonnt v landa will *oon have twee executed <?l while the extension of our frontier *cltle | ? ; tnent* wtMcauae a continued demand for hind* and nurrmented receint*. nrobnblv. ! ?l from tk-?t aniiroa. Tha?a ronahtaration* : u ill j?i?nfv a rwlwt'on of th* revnnna, tl from r'Ulnmn, ro a* w* to a<r?*a?l forlr ; *' awht or fif'v million dolhr*. I think ilia , ??i a*f?*anw for -uoh rnrliioiion i? iint*r*llvf, ti and *'.?nin tirjra it tipnn the consideration I t< of Congr****, ! ll Tha amount ?>f reduction a? well a? 1 * the manner of aftUctin:; it, are quaatlon* | of graat awl c*neral inicr ***!. it lieintr ar- ! *> aentwl in indtiatrial anfafpiiaa awl tin* n public pro?peritv, an well a* the d'Ctate *?f i n ohvioii* jn?tva. that the h inlon of taxa tl tion l*e m*<l* to rent aa aqnallv aa pn?*i fi l?1a upon all c1?*m??. and all aectiom awl h interact* of tha countrv. 1 h I have liMrlofon* icconwwemtvd tovour l? ConahVpratioa 11>c tevinioR of the revenue pi law* prepared under the direction of the | ft^rratarr ot the Ticaanrr, awl al*n leffia- W la'ion upon ?orue jieciiil qneation* ?fT?*rt | |? inflf the hiia'nana of that depart meat, more. { l> eepcoial'r the enactment of * biw to pun ; ?i { It the attraction of official hook" or pn | ! para from tha flic* of the fforernnteni, and ( <i ramiirincr all ?wh hooka awl paper*. awl U H other pill-lit* proportv to h* turned over <i hv the out going officer |n hi* hictmiw ; of a law requiring Oiahur-dng officer* to |? deposit* all public roonev in the vault* of tr lh/trea?nrv, or in other I?(aI deposit. ?? *. w||of? tit* ?!tm* *f# Conveniently ItCCtMrt- li hi*. n.1'1 a l?x. to eifendexHtuig penal pro vision* to all p*r?nn* who m*v become it po?***?*d of public tnonev h* deposit* or * othefw?**, and who shall fefhafor neglect, 01 on due demand, to par the *am* into tlu> <1 treasure. f invito rofir attention anew to It I'th of lltw oltjwtf f? The I'mv, doting the pant Vfur, ha* ?t been ?o cona'anltr c?nplov*d aga'tvM ho?- It til.- Indian* in vatrb-n* quarter*. that it ran < oarcelv h* *a:d. with propriety 4Un d< Ctfga, to have been a po*** e?t?hti?hmeri. *" Tfa duties have lieen Mtwfactnri'v perform. di ed. art'I w?< have reason to expect ** a re- 'V wtilf of the rear's oper?linn* greater *?*? ? ritr to the frontier inhabitant* than ha? ?* b.*n hitherto enjored. Fx?*n*Ne com'-i- *1' nation* atoonw the hostile Indian* of the f Territories of Washington uml O^jnn it ni on* tin** threatened the devastation of the * rew'e formed settlement* of that rent?> #? portitn the cottnlnr. From reeent in 'n formation. w? ir? pernvt'ed to hop* that the tntr-ftr and atieeee*fol operations conducted th*r* wilt pr*? out tuieh romhi- e' nation* ?n fttfti?e, an/1 aertir* to flow* Tee-' rtforle* an nppnrtnnitr to male *t-a'v ^ pengr*** in tlio development of their agrb . *? anltur*] aid tniaer?j rew>?r<o*n. j |h L j?!b!ati<?ti has hevli lonMiiinemJeil l>y I I' nil |.n vili'lit to I'UIM ilolCelS ihe <>r>:i?iiiz.?>i?<iil ami ! in- i l??- < llki. in) nl the <t(iiiv, ami fur ?*? olm r . i* i'.d ti it inn sitm-<1 ?<j oiiitiriu e iii tim 1 li?*n expressed, mul loeli ree tin tuy muni the coiivieium that *ueii enmiTeR Hfr tan oil!} |?r'?|i?-r lilil tieeetiMl j I in mhtitioii, t<> imite tlio alien j li nl L/Il,l|jli>> III II eliallige nf pO it'l ilif tliMrit-iiiiini ut irni.p.. mini tu iik fi ?NH_\ nt prntuliii^ m liii ??* rapid illimm: i' iin- iinnimi v iii:u:i-iii tit. Fur tie i.tt nl these mi'! otliei ?nliji-i-;?- ri-litliiin tin- mint. I rt-li-r n* 11. e reiwri "I the i f.'. * t nl Wmi. Tin' cuiiili'iiiii i?f iln* tutvt in mil niiT" 'Shu'tniy. Iil.t '-xllllinti till' lllnut nf;ll i inn i*viiIt-ui'tfit nl inrri-MMtil viunr. A* it c*iinpHinlivt*lv small. it is nnirt- uiipornl ltint it s1111iiI I l.o hr complete mr iKiai'lf ill Mil t lif olfllll-tltK l.| SI rrllL't l' \ tllMt inlllil li* C'thrlrlil ill the character of Its fleers. iii tin* r-m. mill tfiM'ipliiit* of ith oil, iii i lit* it-liali'iily ot its ordinance, hi.iI tin* fiprt.'lti ?>t tlR ships. In it 11 tlii'so j trnnis ?|i*mI-tI**- tin* n.tvy Ii ir iii nit' jrrt'iti j myn-s wiiIiiii tin- l:i?t f. ? yenra. Tlie if. Illli'f "I 11 it* law nt l < ilie| ess. of Fell j n?r\ 28 i On it. 'to piitiintf tie i Hi. mnci F I lie HHVVt"llM? lieen Nltellileil |iV the j n'st mitt ii111miff**mir resuun. The law for i rminiiiii^ discipline iiiiioii|r the men ;t? Hint t'niit enteiii mill sm utarv. 'I lie r\siii of uiMiililii; "li liniioinhle ilscliarifeto i it Ii I'll I si-Mllit'li nil the expo a 11* ill of the .-noil ol'iheir eiilisiiueiii, ami pvriiuliiiiij lelll to re enlist atli-r a leave nf nlis.'iiee I H few iii lltll*, WIlllOll ?'fnl>:t.|n|| l)fpMV, loglilx '?-nelicial to i ? influence. 1 lie pprenticc system, recently adopted, i* iKieiitU adopted to incorporate into ilie rvice m larue munlier of our couiitivin- n i'IhTIo ilifli- i>li to procure. Several omlted American hoys are iiow on a tree voir*' ciuim- in otir national ves?els, ml will n*iinii well trained seamen. In le iiiiiiii.itict department there in h deci ed and gratifying judication of prcprerii reiiitati'ie to it .on! to t'te country The io_e*in>UN ot ilie Sc. tvtarx of llie Navy, i regard i< tun her improvement in tin.I ranch ot ilie service I coinineinl to Volir |\ oodde a -lion Tin* new frgaies ordered hy Congress re now iill'iHt, and two of ilioni in active rvice. Tliev are superior model* of int;?I architecture, anil with their formida le I'Htterv add largely to |>uhlic strength nd security. i I concur in the views expressed hy the ecri-tarv of the Department in farorof a ill further increase of our naral force. The report of the Secretary of the luteor present* fact* and view* in relation to iternal affairs over which the supervision f hi* departnirnt extends, of much inter*t and importance. Toe .itfi'fe.Tate sales of the pulJic land* uviuo the last fiscal year, amount to liine iillioti two hundred huiI twentv seven otisand eight hundred iihI nevcntv eight piw; f?.r which has heen received the sum f eiiflit million eight hundred and i*en tIk ushimI four kiuitdr*?*! and four en dollars. Ittiring tliu ' me period i.ic have been located, with military rijit and I>iiiiI warrants, ami for other urjuff*. thirty million oiif hundred thou* iiul t*o hundred ami thirlv acres, thus taking a total aggregate of thirty nine nliioti three hundred and twenty eight ioiimiihI one hundred an<l eight acm-s.? >n the 3,0. h ot St-|>Uiwl>er last, sgjvvv* ml lav-it m ?<le of sixteen million eight timlreil anil seventy three thousand six umiied ami ninety nine acre*, a large on ton of which i-> ren.lv fir market'1,1k suggestion* io. this report in se^nrd ? the <-<implication aad> progressive ex minion of the hmil ess of the different in van x of the department ; to the pen* on sisUm^t" tlo- colomxation of Indian lhes, and the recommendation* in r?-laon to \ari.-us impioitineat* ia the hisict of Columbia. are especially coinuieuto \ our consideration. The report ?>f the Postmaster General i resents fu'lv the condition of that depart let,t of the government. Is* expending* fox the 1**1 fiscal year, were ten mil on four hundred and seven thousand ght hundred and sixty eight do'lars; and | a gross receipts sexeu million six hundred nd twvnt.) tkoussnd eight hundred sud ne itollars?making an excess, of t-xpenilnre nv. r receipts of two million seven uridie.1 and rigluv xeven thousHnd and <itv six do'iait. Tli) deficiency of this i i? 11>lift aeven hundred m.d for four, tliyusiwid dollar* great en than for ir M-Hr ending June 30. 1653. Of I hi* flh'ifih v, llinf limMirwl ?ml thirt\ tlioii ml dollar* ia to lx? attributed to the a<l (ioumI rornpar *on allowed po?t maxer* f i l.i- net ?-f (Vugre** of June 2:1. 1854. e mail tanlitii-a In eeerv pert ol ttie inntrv linn-1*ert much inttMMt) in im! penoil, mill tl|?- large addition ?frail >ad ?er* ire, HHnnmNHf to *?rtii thousand tie hundred an.I eight mile*, line added rge'jt to the i?M of trana)H .rt?tioti. The im-onaiderahle augmentation of the noma of the Pott OAtr?* department, un r lite re lite*} rale* of p.?t?e?i, roil it* <*-?atnff expenditure*. mcil for the pre*--i it, make it dependent to an me eitent ton the iren*tir? for anpport. The renoiiietiila'-on* ot In- Po?ti?e?ter (Ivmeal, aUttoti to tlte nlxtliuoti * f the frftnking I leg*. *nd bie twtoot the eetwLhafe-) meat <? mail steam ship liiien.ilwerve the 1 arisi roll* deration ii|'(jiiii|>hn<t. I also call the Mi t special a.h-iii:?iii ol (Jiiiiiiii'i'ii to the stale- | J tiielii ul the I'ost master (ieneial respect- , post ing the sums now paid tor the 'raiisp.iria J com lion of in.oIm 10 the 1'aiiMiiia Kailroail | ot Company, ami cotiiiiieinl to ilmir earlv iiioi anil favorable consideration the ini^cs Uro lions of :hai afliivr in relation to nets con- vet tracts for inaii transport at ion upon tnat ? route, ami also upon lilt* Teliaiiniapcc am) j late N enragim routes, lit.I Tiie United States continue in the en- lim j ttnent of amicable relations with all for- nly eijjn inrnro, lien When my last annual message n.u j eir traustiiilteil lo Congress, two sii jecis <>f j the comr<erit, one relatiui; to the enu-tineiil uiei of >ul?li* r- in this country for foreign sir he < vice, and ilia oilier to Central America, exc threatem d lo disturb good understanding wet hrtwcu the Uniled Siales ami Great Brit- nai ain. Of the progress and teniiiiiMtioii of elm the former ipieslioii you wi-re inforined at ailt the tiin*-; and the other is now in thewav par of satisfactory nljustnient. ie\ The object of the convention between to ! The United States and Gre.it ltritain of pr*i tin- 19lh of April, 18.r)0, was 11 secure, for Kr* the lieiu-tii of all nations, the neulntlilt for ami the gunman use of niiv transit wav, pot or itileioeeanic communication, across the tail Isthitiusol I'minma, w Inch iniglu he open- bot I eil wiihiu tin- limits of Central America. 1 j I lie pretentions Mil scipie'itU asserted bv j nto ( real Britain, to dominion or control over j ?li territories, in or near two of the routes, J aii those ot Nicaragua and lloniluras, were Ui deemed h/ the United Stales, not merclv llicotupallhle Willi the Ilium ol-ji-ct of the lilt Ireatv, but opposed even to express stipu- Gr latiotis. Occasion of controversy on this an [Miint has been removed by an add.tiunal | coi inalv, which out Miuistor at London ha* { rig coneluded, and which will be immediate i H't Iv submitted to the Senate for its coil side tm ration. Should the proposed Mipplemeti- bel tal arrangement be concurred in by all po the patties to he effected hy it, the objects pri cont m plated bv the origal conventio'i will no ! have I wen fully attained. dei Tin* lifalv li?lw??n the Uni'fl States '? i and (treat Britain, of tho 5th of Juno, fft ! 1854. which went into effective operation th< hi 1855, |*in an etal lochim of irritation coi I etweeti ilie countries, lij securing to the ?? | United S?ates tlio right of fishery on tlie Sn coast of the British North American pro- I" vincev, with advantages equal to those en- at joyed hy Brlirh subjects. Uoidrs the he signal hem tits of this treaty to a large J?r? class of our citizens engaged in the pursuit ? connected to no inconsiderable degree with it our national prosperity and strength it cm has had a favorable effect upon other in blc tercst* in the provision it ninde for recip tin rocat freedom of nude between the United d? Stales and British provinces in Ameri p" ca. fin The exports of domestic articles of those As provinces during the last year amounted r,t| to more than tweiitv-two millions of dob pri lars. exceeding those of the preceding ' i year hv nenrlv seven million of dollars; te| and the imports therefrom, during the an mms period, ainonr.ted to more than "> twentv-one millions.?tin increase of six Hh millions upon those of the previous year. p'1 The improved condition of this branch 'c* of our commerce is niainlv attributed to P'l the above mentioned treaty. J ?c< Provision was made, in tbe firm article cili of that treaty, for a conuriaaion to derig J ex< nate the tnniiltia of meia to which tlie ! |>r* common riedit of fishery, on the roam or I etb khe United State* ami the liritiah Provin- c?*i cea waa sot to extend. TVw cominiaaion Ur has been employed a part of two WMtmo, ??<J but without much progress in accompliali- tru iocr !'? object for which it waa instituted, on in consequence of a aerioua difference of <>n< opinion l?etween tbe commiariont-iw. not "? only an to the pieci?e point where the riv l?e era terminate, but in many instance* aato HJI| what conatitutca a river. Theae diffi.ul po' tiea. however, may be overcome bv reaort ?k to the umpirage provided for by the trea- be ty. the Tbe efforta preaervedly proaeculed aince cm tbe commencement of my admiralior, to cot relieve our trade to the Mattic from the jet exaction of round dtiea by Denmark, have reli not yet been attended with rucceaa. Other 1 governments have also rough* to obtain p?' a like relief to their commerce, and Den- 1 mark waa (tiua induced to prnpoa? ar- *h* * id cement to all the European Power* coi J I- .1- -.-l J .L. . tA intereeien :n ine mn jci'i fww ui? maoner in which her propoeilion wae received, cei' warranting her to tieheve that a aatiafac- Pri torv mranirement wiih them could noon ' 'I he concluded, ahe made h strong appeal 1 lo tItm government for temporary aurpen pat nioii of definite action on it* part, in con ! the i<term i<>n of the emharrvaaement ** lii?-l? of might reauli to her Kuropeati negotiation* I'V mi immediate adjustment of the qitea- i'?U tiori with the United Sin tea. Tin* re<pieet "l.j h** lw?u acceded to. upon the condition* thai lite Minim collected after the lthh of *" June laet, and until lit* 14th of Jim* rtf* neit. fmtn veeeela ami cargoes ladonging the to our inerclianta, art U> he considered ? ten paid under protest and subject to future w adjustment. Tfl.ero ia reason to Iwlieee ??' that an arrtngement, hetwaen l^enmr.rk th* and tha maritime power* of Kumpe on zur the subject. will he *oon concluded, and ??th that the pending negotiation with the Till United Rtitn mar then l>e resimv-d and terminated in a awtiafaetnfv niNttner. as* With Spain no new difficulties kmea tan in, nor has much progress been made Tl lie uujustmeiil of pending ones. an iegotiatiuii* entered into fur the pur lt:< s ol relieving our commercial inleri>e with ilic Island ol Cuba of some wi its bunlens, and providing for the St e spee-Jy settlement of local c sputes it, wing out of that intercourse, liave not ol been alu-ndcd with any results. I I loon alter the commeii enn nt of th* tit war in Eur pe, this government sub- at ted to the coliSderalion of ail mai l tit e nations, two pimviples for the seen to ot neutral coiuiuetce ; one, tlta*. tiie th tral (lag should cover et eimc*' goods, In ept art h ies contraband of war ; and of . titer, that neutral property on board i reliant vessel* of belligerents, should | si exempt from condemnation, with lite | a opium of contraband articles. These j ju e not presented as new rules of inlei- li tonal law ; having been genet ally in iiied l y neutrals, though not alwais ol nit led by belligerents. One ot tlie w lies to the war?Russia?as well as it oral neutral powers, promptly acceded in these propositi!.us ; ami the two other nctpal belligerents. Great Britain and a< tsce having consented to observe tliem 8 the present occasion, a favorable op- j it limity seemed to be presented for ob I ji ling a general recogli lion of thein u It in Europe and America, liul Great Britain and France, in coin h it with most of the Slaws of Europe, It lie lorebeariiig to reject, did t.ot affirm n Velv ai l tllioll the overtures of tin. >. i Slates. o While the question whs in this position, tl i Representatives of Russia, France, li eat Britain, Austria, Prussia, Sardinia, I I iuikev assembled at l'ari", took into t isideralton the subject of maritime . a lits, ami put forth a declaration contain J v j the two principles which this govern- I nt had submitted, nearly two years ? fore, to tho consideration of maritime wers, and adding thereto the following I | positions : "Privateering is and re- c uns abolished," and "Blockades, in or- t r to he binding, must be ^tfeciive, that n I" say, maintained by a force, sufficient t illy to prevent access to the coast of c t euvroy and to the declaration thus n in posed of four points, two of which j d already been [imposed by the United I stes, tins govermneiit lias been incited t accede by all the pow?rs represented * Pari*, except Great Britain and Tur- t V. To the last of tbu two additional t . positions?that in relation to blockades i there can certainly be no objection.? l is merely the definition of what shall t list it ute tho effectual investment of a rckaded place a definition for which c *? government has always contended, timing indemnity for loses where a sctical violation of the rule thus deed has been injurious to our commerce. > to the remaining article of (lie deflation of the conference of Paris, "that ivaleering is and remains abolished,"? erlainly cannot ascribe to the powers presented in the coiifeience of Paris, d h'"l liberal and philanthropic views the attempt to change the unqueslion i? rui?' ??T maritime law iu regard to i itrateuring. Their proposition was doubt * s intended to imply approval of the f ntiple tliat private property upon the 1 *n although it might belong to the * izon* of a l-eliigerent State, should be c inplod from capture ; and had that v position been so framed as to give full ti iH.-t to the principle, it would have re- ti ved my ready afwiit on behalf of tl?c p tiled States. Hut the measure propo- g I is adequate te that purpose. It is t< e, thrvt U adopted, private property up- d the ocean would be withdrawn from a 8 mode of plunder, but left exposed, h auwLde, bo lurothi-r mode, which could used with increased effectiveness. The a jressire capacity of great and naval a wers would he thereby augmented, g tie the defensive abi'itv of otbeia would a reduced. Though the surrender of f< t means of prosecuting hostilities bv n ploying privateers, as proposed by the ti iference of Paris, is mutual in terms, ti ,, in practical effect, it would be the e nquisliment of a right of little value ii l?qu class of Hiatus, but of essential iin r< 'tan.'U to anolhes and a fcn Ur.n.f kU.. >< 11 ought not to have been anticipated e it h measure, so inadequate to the ao- p nplishment of the propped, object, and ll unrqii'il in it? operation, would re tj re the assent of all merit me powers, n vale property would he still left to the h treoalionn of the public arined eminent. c< I have expressed a readiness on the n l of this government, to accede to all f< principle* ooiitaincil in the declaration ti the ConlMttftice of I'ari*, provided that ll *iiiijj to the abandonment of privateer can Ik? so amended as to effect the ei eci for wli'Oh, as in presumed, it wan U ended, the immunity of private prop- r v on the ocean foil hontile capi lire. To a< ct thin object, it in pro|K>v?d to add to q declaration that "privateering is and I iaiu? abolished" the following amend ol nt: "And that the private property of si jects and citizens of a belligerent on H high aea?, shall l>e exempt fmna nei ti e hy the public armed veaaela of the ot er belligerent, exeept it [? contraband." k is amendment has Iwen presented not y to the powers which hnvn naked our ol eitt to the declaraiH.ii to hle.lmh priva (i ring, but ur all other mart tuna bUMM. n us far ii ha* not been rejected by any, id is favorably entertained by all which iVe made any communi it ion in repl\? Several of the governments, regarding ith favor the proposition of the United ,atcs, have delayed definite action upon only for the purpose of consulting with hers, parties to the conference of Paris, have the satisfaction of stating, however, at the Emperor of Kusaia lias entirely id explicitly approved of that modifica>n, and will co operate in erideHTorinn obtain the assent of other powers ; and at assurances of a similar purport have en received in relation to the disposition the Emperor of the French. The present aspect of this important ibjiet allows us to cherish the hope that principle so humane in its character, so st and equal in its operation, so osscnal to the prosperity of commercial nai>ns, and so consonant to the sentiments r this enlightened period of th? world, ill command the approbation of all mar iine powers, and thus be incorporated ito the code of international law. My views on the subject are more fully >t fortb in tlie reply of the Secretary of tate, a copy of which is herewith trans itted, to tlie communications on the sublet made to this government, especially > the communication or Franco. The government of the United States as at all times regarded with friendly inureal the other Slatea of America, forleriy, like this country, European colo ies, and iiuw independent members of the real family of nations, liut the unsetled condition of some of them, distracted y frequent resolutions, and thus iucapa ile of regular and firm internal adminis ration, has tended *o embarrass occasion illy our public intercourse, by reason o vrongs which our citizens suffer at thci muds and which they aro slow to re Ires*. Unfortunately it is against llie ltepiib ic of Mexico, with which it is our speci* lesite to inaintain a good understanding liat such complaint* are uiost numerous iiul although earnestly urged upon it* at cm ion, they nave uol a* v ?l received tin ousideralion which this government line i right to expect. While reparation fo mat injuries has been withheld, other iave been added. The political condilioi >f that country, however, has been sue! is to demand forbearance on the part o lie United States. I Rhall continue my flbrta to procure for the wrong* of ou :itizens that redrew* which is indispettsnbl 0 the continued friendly association o ke two republic*. The peculiar condition of affairs in Ni aragua in the early part of the ywosent ear, rendered it important that this gov rninent should have diplomatic relationi villi that State. Through it* Territory tad been opened one of the princips horoiighfares across the Isthmus connect ug North and South America, on whicl 1 vast amount of juoperty was transpor ed, and to which our citizens restored ii ;reat number*, in pasteng between tin \llantic mid Pacific coasts of the Unite) >tatcs. The protection of both ro<juire? hat the evi*finnr iiftupr in ili?t hould le regarded as a responsible gov rntnent ; nnd lis minister was according v received. Hut lie remained here onli i short time Soon thereafter the politi a! affairs of Nicaragua underwent unfa orable change, and became involved it nuch unceitainty ami confusion, l'iplona ic representatives from two contending mnties have been recently sent to thii ;o vera men t; but, with the imperfect in rmation possessed, i? was not possible U lecidsr which was the government fie facto nd, awaiting further developments, ] ave refused to receive cither. Questions of the most serious naturt re pending between the United Statet nd the Republic of New Granada. Tin overmnent of that republic undertook year since, to impose tonnage duties or jreign vessels in her ports, hut the pur ose was resisted hv this government, ? eing contrary to existing treaty stipula' on with the United States, and to right! onferred by charter upon the Panama Lailroad Company, and was accordingly fdimptitlied at that time, it being admit ?d that our vessels were entitkd to be xempt from tonnage duty in the free orts of Panama and Aspinwall. Put Ire purpose has been lecently revived, on Itc part of New Granada, by the enact unrnt ?. I... ...I.;?. 1 * V! ? n " W au \ 'jOV. V VIAlUUli ?t ports to the tonnage duty of forts ants |>< r ton ; And Although the law h*t ol been put in forc?, yet the right to cu >rce it is still asserted, and may, at any me. he acted on by the government ol lint republic. The congress of New Oranada 1mm also nacted a law, during the last year, which svies a tax of more than three dollars en very pound of mail matter transited cross the Isthmus. The sum thus reuired to be paid on the mails of tlie luited Slates would b? nearly two million f dollars Hiinually.ia addition to the large nn payable by contract to the Panama julroad Company. If the only objro on to this exaction were the exhorbitancy f its amount, it could not be submitted > by the United States. The imposition of it, however, would l?viuu-ly contravene our treaty with New iranads, and infringe the contra' I of that fuUio wtib the Pebasna Hailmwl On* I.JJ-1 - _ JJLi!.. ?! 'J ' pany. Tlie law providing for this tax was, by its terms, to tukc effect on tiio first of September Isst, but the local authorities on the Isthmus have been induced to suspend its execution, and to await further instructions on the subject from the government of the republic. I am not yet advised of the determination of that government. If a measure so extraordinary in its character, and so clear ly contrary to treaty stipulations, and the contract rights of the Panama Railroad Company, composed mostly of American citizens, should he persisted in, it will be the duty of the United States to resist ita execution. I regret exceedingly that occasion exists to invite your attenliou to a subject of still graver import in our relations with the Republic of New Granada. On the fifteenth day of April last, a riotous assemblage of the inhabitants of Panama committed a violent and outrageous attack on the premises of the Railroad company, and the passengers and other persons in or ucar the same, involving the death of several citizens of the United States, the pillage of many others, and the destruction of a largo amount of property belonging to the Railroad Company. I caused full investigation of that event to be made, and the result shows 6atishtetoi rily that complete responsibility for what occurred attaches to the government of New Granada. I have, therefore, demau ded of that government that the peipe i tralors of the wrongs in question should be punished ; that provision should ho I made for the families of citizens of the United States who were killed, with full - indemnity for tho property pillaged or - destroyed. f The present condition of the Isthmus r of ^anaiua is so far as regards the security of persons and property passing over it, icrjuires sei'oui consideration. Recent IIWMiioiifu tofiri In filtntv (Kut f Kxt Inoul an. 1 thoritics cannot bo relied on to maintain , the public peace of Panama, and there ; ik juit ground for apprehension that a portion of the inhabitants are meditating ? further oui.rt.gea, without adequate meatI ures fur the secuiitv and pioteetion of r persons and property having been taken, either by the State of Panama, or by the r general government of New Granada. i Under the guaranties of treaty, citizens f of the United States have, by the outlay ' of several millions of dollars, constructed r a Hail road across the Isthmus, and it has 0 become the main route between our Atf lantic and Pacific possessions, over which multitudes of our citizens and a vast a mount of property nre constantly passing L ?to the security and protection of all which, and the continuance of the public ? advantages involved, it ia impossible for v tho government of the United States to 1 be indifferent. 1 have deemed the danger of the tcl currences of scenes of lawless violence in tins quarter so imminent as to make il w my duty to station a part of our naval e force in the harbors of Panama and As;1 pin wall, in order to protect the persona J and property of the citizens of the United 9 States in those ports, and to insure to them safe passage across the Isthmus.? - And it would, in my judgment be unwise f to withdraw the naval force now in those ports, until, by tho spontaneous action ol the Republic of New Granada, or otheri wise, some adequate arrangement shall have been made for the protection and f security of a line of inter oceanic communication an important at this time, not to the United States only, but toaii other mnritime State* loth of Europe and America. Meanwhile, negotiations have been in stituted by a mean* of a special commis ion, to obtain from New Granada full indemnity for injuries sustained by our citizens on the l*lhmus, and satisfactory security for the general interests of the United Stales. In addressing to you my last snnual mssaage, the occasion seems tome an appropriate one to express my congratulations in view of the peace, greatness, and felicity which the United States now possess and enjoy. To j>oint you to tho state of the various departments of the government, and of all the great branches > of the public service, civd and military, in order to speak of the intelligence and i the integrity which pervades the whole, - would be to indicate hut imperfectly the ; administrative condition of the country, ' and the beneficial effects of that on the i I general welfare. Nor would it suffice to ' say that the nation is actually at peace at ' home mud abroad ; that its industrial r interests are prosperous ; that the canvas of its mariners whitens every sea ; and > the plough of its husbandman is march. ing steadily onward to the bloodless coni quest of the continent ; that 011164 and pnpuioua States are springing up, es if by enchantment, from the bosom of our wea i tern wilds, and that the courageous energy of our people ie making of theee i United States the grettt republic of the world. These results Wave not been attained without pasting through trials and penla, by experience of which, and thus i. only, nations can harden into manhood. Our forefather* were trained to the wis ; dom which conceived, and the courage 1 which achieved iudepen?4ence, bv the cir. cumstances which surrounded them, and t tbey were time mwchr cnpeM* nf the erwa tion of the republic. It devolved on the next generation to consolidate the work of tho revolution, to deliver the country entirely from the influences of conflicting partialities or antipathies, which attached to our colonial and revolutionary history, and to organize the practical operation of the constitutional and legal institutions of the Union. To us, of this generation, remains the not less noble task of maintaining and extending tbe power of tho I United States. We have, at leugth I reached that stago of tho national career, in which the dangers to be encountered, and the exertions to be made, are tlic incidents, not of weakness, but of strength. In our foreign relations we have to at tempt our power to the less happy condition of other republics in Amoiica, and to place ourselves in the calmless and conscious dignity of right l>y the side of the greatest aud wealthiest of the empire of Europe. In our domestic relations, wo havo to guard against the shock of tho discontented, the ambitions, the interests, and tbe exubarant, and therefore, something irregu'ar impulses of opinion, or of action, which are the natural product of the present political elevation, the self reliance and tho restless spirit of enterprise of the people of the United States. I shall psc-pare to surrender the Executive trust to my successor, and retire to private life with sentiments of profound gratitude to tho good l'rovidencc which, during the period of my administration has vouchsafed to carry the country through many ditllculties, domestic and foreign, and to enable me to contemplate tbe spectacle of amicable and respectable relations between ours and all other government*. and tli? etf stitutional order and tranquility throughout the Union. FRANKLIN' FIERCE. Washington, L>ec. 2, 1856. HOW TO WRITE FOR THE NEWSPAPERS. As a general rule, short pieces arc bc6t liked. A gentleman in a hur.k oucc told : us when we asked hitu to sutacribe for a certain Quarterly Review : " Read a Review ! why, I never read anything longer than a telegraph despatch! Rut I will take it and send it to my brother, who is a minister in the country." The public like a short article, when it is a condensation. This introduces a sccoud idea. An as| tide to ha printed should al?olutcly have something in it. If professed argument,. , it should ha conclusive; if pathetic, it should moisten the eyes; if an anecdote,, it should have a sharp point; if philosophy, it should go to the primitive rock ^ ^ if practised it should go like an arrow to its work; if spiritual it should nww the soul that reads it. ( A good newspaper style is not as easy us it seems. Its Scylla lies on the side of attempting a popular manner, and succeeded only in being more tatniliar than a inan ought to be at his own table, or degenerating into slang, or become * cry childish. Its Charybdis yawns tor those who shunning Scylla, are determined tc have real thought, pith and value in their w righting, and so beotne too learned, or r profound, or imaginative, or philosophical for any but scholars or highly culuva. ted people. | A gentleman olwerving n servant girl,, who wan left hand*!, placing tlic knives and forks on the dinner table in the snme awkward position, remarked to her that she was laying them left handed, " Oh, indado 1" said she, "co I have ! lie plaseJ, air, to help me turn the tabic rourd 1" An unfortunate editor in Kentucky thus addresses lira delinquent subscribers t ' Friends, we are almost penniless?Job's turkey was a millionaire compared with, our present depressed treasury. To-day,, if the price of salt was two cents a barrel, we could'b I buy enough to pickie a jav bird." An editor out west hat married a girk uauied church. lie says he has enjoyed more real happiness since he joined the Ckurek than he ever knew in all his lifo before. "Vat you make dere!" hastily inquired a Dutchman of his daughter, who was l?eing kissed by her sweetheart very clain~ orouely. "Oh' not much?just courting a little?dat's all," " Oho f Uat's all, ehfc py tarn, I taught you traa vightiag." I v K.wnuHT.?a man who chews $14 worth of tobacco annually, and stops hi* newspaper because he cannot afford to lake it. " Do you like novels 1 asked Mis." Fit! gcralJ of bei country lover. ' I can't say,' he replied. ' J nctcr at* any ; but I'll toll you, I'm mute on />*?.. i**!*. There is a young woman in towa ao modest, that she bad a young inau turned out of doors for saying the wind had shifted. Plmahaitt?To dream you are worils a million of dollars and wake ut> to Cud. fn I* at tflUfw of * t