University of South Carolina Libraries
SM- * m^'.- jf* sW *^ ^ gggga '" ^ BBS^B' MMM iaaa bbbmbb ?W BB m m a?gHs?M?a - gc??? m MMW^ _'... $2 PER ANNUM IN ADVANCE il .fflinilg nail ^ulitirnl Xtuisjiaptc?Drnntril tu tjjc ilrta, trirfirrs, litrralnrr, iBacntian, 3lgrinilturr, Xilrriml '3iuprauruirutsf /urrigu null Itauirslic Xruis, nuii tjjc 3ilnrhrts. if>,??' i1* ' - -'if : - - -' ' . L__: _ . . ,^ _ .A r ^_ VOLUME V. LANCASTER, C. H? SOUTH CAROLINA. WEDNESDAY M0HN1NG, JULY 23, 1856 NUMBER 23. Political. c norrif CAUOMNA ANI) MASSVCIlL'SfiTtS. t S V EE<J II !l HON. J. J. EVANS, OF S. C? s ill reply 1.0 Mr. Sumner, of M;issnchn-<tls, 1 ilyflveted in the Senato of the United St .to.-, J a 110 23, 1S3C. i ii [COK^MJ|)RU KIIOM Ol.lt LA st. J V Mr. Evan*. I have no disposition t<? ii fonsniue lln; tinii! of tlio Senate !?v any ii fiirtlier rvinnfks on llio snl'j.*? t. I lliink ii the evidence is very mpisf-doiy, (it least o it is to iny mind,) tljat tins \*:is an jig- r grcssivo nsAilult on tlio nnrt of the S..n- v ator ftoin Massachusetts [M i. Samuel] v which iM'Jiiiig can jn>t:ly. As to the coiueijiieiices which followed tl ?ran I which unhappily occurred in the | I1 r*r. i.... .r .... ; ...v ....vv vii.iimiti?? < linn iimiitT is pen " ding in a JiU'crcnl iiiSun.il, and I ?-f??ro a ^ ilirt'oifiit body, I do not think it neccssnrv ? llial 1 should say fthything further than ti litis; that I regret it for one reason ? I <l?> <i not s.iy for any other?1 regret it for the I I' reason thai it has g \on Occasion to the ' ' grossest misrepresentations end wggrava- 1 (ion* that can Ikj conceived of. i have j ?> seen, in ui<a>l of the accounts which I have j *' lOHtl? 1 <lo not say ii is so in the pro veil- i h jngs of the Stale l.egi?la:nr?? the trans j 1' actions so shadowed forth Htn! presented ' t iat one would havc>(llipOftcd the I'rcd.'o it 1 o of tlic Senate was in hisehair at tlie lime. J h here i- not a won I sail fioin wliieli \<ai would draw tlie inference that the Sen- d no was not in fessiun. I understand j h there lire pictures cirenl iting?l*iliMp* in i v> Washington?in which Mi, Stunner is ! il i cpresented as down upon tlie ground?1 h ?l" not know that t represents liiin as' n holding t>|> his hands begging for inercv n ? ami Mr. Urooks a--standing over him j wiih a club, and beating liiin when down. | l> Kvervhody knows that in not so. Sir, I p aw liuil iitiair. 1 did not see the itrst \V h'ow, but I saw all alter the first, or sec j N oml, or third blow, and I know as well ' what transpired as mi}hotly else. I do ( not know who was present. The thing " w :? done so soon, and there was so nitieh " confusion, that I did tn>l know the Sena d j >r from Coimectieut | Mr. Ko.-tei J was ! Sl present, although he was sitting mine- p 11 lately behind inc. 1 take leave of that h subject now. The next point to which I propose to hi call the attention of the Senate, is that " part of the Senator's speech in which he *' boasted thai the productive industry of I the State ol Massasliusdls exceeded three i.UK's tjn; value of ilie whole coiloii ,n>p of tlie United Hlatw. Tlial is a mat'orol U calculation. 1 have troubled my>elf some n ?o look into if, and I will stale tin; result I of my examination. I do not know- that fi I understand the exact meaning of the 1 Senator when he speaks of |iroduelive in- " ditsiry ; hut I presume that productive industry is that which lahor protInces out ' of capital ; and when, therefore, he speaks of productive indu-tiy, lie means that the interest whVIt capital yields, with tlm ^ prolits of the lahor, amounts to three yi titlios the value of the cotton crop. A s- " cording to the census oi 1850, the value 01 of (lie cotton cxpoited in that year was g5*1 I 2.3 I .*? .'11 7. There wore coiiMiined in III the United States seven hundred thousand bale*, which, at ?35 a halo?le?s thai; it a r.-ally brought?would amount 10 $2 600,004. TIkso items together make u > ',-1 the Mini of ?180,815,31 7. According to Cl the census, on page 170, the product of vv all the manufacturing and mechanic arts *' of Massacl II etls was ?151,137,145. It 01 to this roll a Id, for the fisheries, ?0,000,- ! 810, yo'u have a total of ?157,7 13,004.1 w It appears from the census, that llie raw hi material used in these manufactures was of the value of ?85,850,771. Deducting this from the total, the result is the avails c< of lahor in all these various departments ^ Recording to litis subtraction, tlie produc-! lv tivo industry of Massachusetts, in 1850, 1,1 was ?71.8*7.223. or 504.028 004 !??** lliun one year'* cotion croj?. According |o tin1 (M'inin, tlx* number of ii.-uul* em- w |>U>y? (.) in mniMifneturinpr, mining, ami tlie mecliauic nrtii, was one hundred and Hfiyr l' Jive thousand nine hundred and lliirlyeiglit ; in I lie fisheries, elei'en thousand )? tiv? li mid red ami twenty throe: inakimr ' ? - O j In all one and sixty-seven tlion- K| Mint f<nir hundred and one. IT\?>u di- n vide the *71.887,223, which is (lie produel after-deducting llie raw materia), by one l?iiikIr?-<I and sixty-seven thousand *' four hundred and one, llie whole number * of lal*?rcrs, every person employed, iucluilinrf men, women, nml rhildvou, must have earned e?30 each. Whether thnt is (rue or not, I do not know. n* This statement, however, m far ns I rt know, does not itidudo iIiom persons em- P' ployed in ship building, in the murine of c? lonssMehusolte, snd in merchandise;'? n1 Whether they are included or not, does p' not appear from the census, the wliolo vt number of occupations in M munch un its " is two hundred snd ninety-five thousand A three hundred a liltlo more than one "| liiird of Iter whole population. If you ?t multiply that nuuitwr, M30, winch each ?' p*-iM4>n employed in manufactures seems , tl |0 have earned, it gives you a total of I 1120,079,000, being *0,930,317 less' linn the product of one year's cotton , ron. Mr. Wilson. Mr. Sumner referred to I lie productive industry of Massaehtisett*, .wording to the alntistirs of 1855, which iave lately been published. Mr. Eviins. 1 speak front the public Ocot'ls. The whole popuhtliou of the I Itate of Massachusetts, according to the I oustis of 1850, was nine htuidrcd and I Lhly-live thousand lour bundled and My. Three liir.es the value of the an ual cotton crop is ? 110,-1 15,051. If! on divide this stun by every living being it Massachusetts?front the child in its ! not Iter's arms to the grand father, lot'cr ' ig on the brink ol the grave, caeli otic 1 f diem wouid linvo earned, or would pprc&ent, *130. I leave it to those who lOtthl have common sense to decide lielhei that can he true. IJut. Mr. IVcsident, suppose these I'ings nre due : is it iitivlhiiig rcmarka!e that M assachusetis, and perhaps 1 i uglit to say some adjoining portion of >\ w England, should have outstripped li ih?? rest of the world in their producve industry f 1 hold in my hand an es mate of the fi?h bounties which have cen paid out of tlie public Treasury ftoin 820 to 1838, a period of nineteen years, luring that time, *4,600,200 were paid ill of the public Treasury for (he lislilii-s alone. These liountita began as far nek as 1791. The firs', as 1 learn from Hiking at the ncls of Congress, was a entity of twenty cents upon every barrel I lisli exported, and a drawback for every ttshel of salt which was consumed in it. it th -t time, it will be reinctnbcied, the my on wait was high?twenty cents a ttshel. Thus, upon every barrel of fish liich w as exported, the exporter received lirtv cents for the barrel, nnd a drawback on the salt, which was, perhaps, >\culy cents. Any how, these dntil'S in iucteen yeais amounted to *4,500,200 ; iid if it could he computed up to this me, there can be no doubt there has been aid out of the public Treasury *10,000,00, three fouitlis of which have gone to lassaeliusetts b?r the purpose of piotectig one branch < f lur indttslrv. From 1S16 up to tliis tunc, all her iannfactiir?s have been protected by envy duties. How much benefit slie loi? orived from them I do not know, but 1 ' ipposu it ha* Ikh*ii very great, frotn the | recent condition of In r manufactures. I can! ft gentleman, whoprofess d to know mictiiing on that subject, sav, during the i?t Congress, that the profits arising from latiufactures was at. least fifteen percent o n. Whether it is so \et, I do not know, his is all 1 have to say on that subject. The next point to which I wish to direc t ttculioii is, that it is imputed to South 'alolinu a* a sill?and 1 hope she will j over have anv greater one to answer for -that she recpiires a pecuniary cpialifiea* on lor her member* of ti e Legislature, hat is true, and I trust it will he many day before that feature m her constituon be abolished. By the constitution of j TOO, it was provided : " Kvory free white man, of the age of , veiity one years, living a citizen of this late, mill having resided therein two i-ars previous to the day of election, and ho halli a freehold of fifty ncres of land, a town lot, of which he hath been lo illy seized ami poseesserl, al least six ioiiiIih liclbre tiicli election, or, not h?vig such freehold or town lot, hath been resident in theelcctiuu district in which e offers to rote six months before the lid ele *ti<>n, atnl hath paid a tax the pre ding year of three shillings sterling to ard* the support of this government, mil have a right lo vote for a member, r members, to serve in either branch of le Legislature for the election district in Inch lie holds such property, or is so reslent." About iau8 our people grew wiser, as j >me (iiougui, aim altered that part ol Hie institution, so that how every man in the tilty has fi right to vote, it' lio lias been to yearn in the State, and lias redded six lontliH in the election district. It is true, iat, if lie ban property in another district lan that in w* :eh he liven, he ran vote here that property is situated, or where ' 9 resides, hut not in both. Compare >at with Massachusetts. Kvery male person, (being twenty one :ars of age, ami resident of any purlieu r town iu this Commonwealth for the iace of one year next preceding,) having freehold estate within the same town,of 10 annual income, of three pounds, or iv estato of the vflluo of sixty pounds tall have a right to vote in the choice of representative, or representatives, for le said town." That is 'ho Massachusetts constitution r 1Y80. In 18*20 it was altered ; and o other qualification for a voter is now ' quired ill Massachusetts except that he ?y a tax.* Aristocratic anil anti hemo atic as the constitution of South Caroli? is represented to be, we allow our peO* le to vote without pnying any tax, and a ?ry large portion of those who vote upon ;sit|ence alone are not tax payers at all. 11 the taxes of South Carolina are levied |H?n lands, negroes, stock in trade, hank ook, (and that not until recently,) prosaional income, and some other tliinff* of tat sort. I am sure that *f the la*gisla- j IIV Q( $onlli Carolina were to iuqk>?o a j 4B-. , * <r*M io. .*? e o- s % poll tax, too, we should have a rebellion li hi our Stale equal to that of Captain y I Shay 's at least, who refused to pay the e lav betauSO lie did liot assent to it. Sir, il a poll-tax is what we call a free negro t tax ; and, as a senator fiont Mississippi i oneu said here, a white man in our couii- I try is a white nrui. 1 am liot sure what i might l?e the result if the Legislature were t to attempt to put a poll lax on our peopie. v Hut, sir, let that pass. t 1 come now to the representative fea- v ture: * s " Xo person shall be eligible to a seat s in the House /if IJcprosentatives unless lie s is a free white man, of the age of twenty- t one years, and hath been a citizen and t resident of this Slate three years previous l to his election. If a resident in the eloe- ii lion district, lie shall not be eligible to a ; I Seat in tbe House of Keproscntaiivea un- I i less he be legally possessed, in his own jo right, of a settled freehold estate of live ! ? bundled acres of land, and ten negroes"?- 1 i I suppose, when the Senator from M is- ! ii SAchu-etts got to the ten negroes, he ' I thought tlieie must be something terrible behind, nud therefore he did not look any ' further. I ( Mr. Hutler. He did not quote that at ' I all; he got to the word "land," and t then the Senator from Massachusetts said j t "or" instead of "and," so that he did ; a not quote it light. j ' Mr. Kvaus. ihe remaning part c-f the I SCIIlCUCe is: (1 "ur ??f a real estate ?-f ilie \aluc cf i! 130 * sterling, clear of debt." j * Tlio ol?lions ineaiiiiiqr is, that if he lias t a heehold of tiio hundred acres ami ten 1 I negroes it) possession, though he may owe , J as much as he is worth, he. is eligible ; I hut if ho has a freehold estate of 130 1 ii clear of debt that is all that is rcipiired. ' t For the Senate there is a largei proper " ty qualification ; for the (Jovcrmu a still v larger one ; and that is the constitution of ! ? South Carolina now, and I have never ' ' heard even a demagogue in my conn- r try find any fault with it thus far. Let ' t us go hack to Massachusetts. There, t fur a Senator, there is this ?|iiaiificution : i "5. J'lociJtd iirnrlfuhss, That no , t person shall he capable of being elected a ; I Senator, who is nut seized in his own j I right of a freehold within this Common- it wealth of the value of X'tJOO at least, < r Jl j obsessed of personate state to the \ulneof j 1 X'GOo at least, or of both t<> the amount I >f the same sum; and who has not been " an inhabitant of this Commonwealth for ( 1 tin; space of live veins immediately proce ; < iling his election; and, at the time ot his s election, ho shall be an inhabitant in the I I district for which he is chosen." | ? The rpinhfication for a member of the ' lion s?- ot Uepresenlalives is ; " Kvei} metnher of the House of Hep- , t rcsciita lives shall be chosen by written | * votes; and for one year at least next pre- ? ceding Ins election shall have been an in- I habitant of, and have been seized in bis I own ligbt of a freehold of the value of ' 100, within the town lie shall be chosen > to n presr nt, <>r any ratable estate, to the j ? value <>f ?*200; and lie shall cease to > represent the said town immediately on Ids ceasing to l>e qualified as a lores id." ?< These extracts are troin a hook called 1 "The American Constitutions," belong in-/ to the library of Congress, ami dated ' in 1810. So far as appears front this c hook, or so far as I have hocn ahle to get any information, this property qualilica- c lion, requited hy the cotislilution of Mas * sacltusells in 1780, exists to the present ? 'day. It is true that in 1820 they altered I their constitution, so far as related to the ' qualification of voters; hut if there hi s ; 3 leei any change in tho pecuniary qnali- i * ticalioi'H of incuiheis of the Legi.slati re, it j ' h is hi on since Massachusetts lias had in w i I light sinning on her?since 1820. I Mr. W ilson. The provisions of the t constitution which the Senator from South Carolina quote* have been Amended ; nr.d >' no property qualification whatever exists t in Massachusetts, in regard to Senators tl or Representatives. There is a property c qualification, however, in regard to the " wuvernor of the Commonwealth, but not ? in regard to iiu-mberH oflhu legislalute. * Mi. Kvnn.'. I do not doubt that it in%y l be so. New a have been dawning on llie people of this country from time to ^ time, but I doubt if tliey are nnv wiser 1 now than they were in 17B0. (Laugh- tl ter.J So much, sir, for this aristocratic f constitution of the State of South Caroli na?a constitution which the Senator r from Massachusetts (Mi. Sumner | said t: was only repuhlican in form, it carries the t stilmtance along with it. It suits u*, and C I do not suppose any one else has a right r to complain. ) I coino now to a subject which I np t proach more unwillingly than any other. > The Senator from Massachusetts says that ii * lie State of Massachusetts,!!! the war of the ? Revolution furnished inorc men for the ar- ? iniesthan the whole of the slave States put l together. There is something in the statis- c tic* which are to be found in the Senntor's speech two years ago ; and there Ksome a thmg to bo (bund in a I took, the author of I which is a man by the name of Sabine, a who professes to giro you sn account of tl lite (loyalists in this country, from which tl that inference may he drawn, unices the ti matter l?e closely snutiliixed. I have not o looked into this subjool with any view to a tku discussion; for, although t! cscthings ?' iail been uttered here in my hearing tw ears ago, and when I had the proof, an ould at any tiino have furnished it, lbs t was altogether a mistake; yet, as th ime had passed by, 1 determined to sa lOth.ug about it. When the Senate rom Massachusetts, [Mr. Sumner, | nonth ago, reiterated it here, I then dt ermincd that I would reply ; but sifte dt.it oeeuiled subsequently to that, I dt ermined to say nothing about it. lit) vhen the Senator now present [Mr. "\\*i on] reiterated it, and when, as 1 tindei land, a member of the House of Iteprt eiitalives, within a day or two past, ba bought pre|w.*r to enter the arena, am hiuks honor is to bo gained, not uierel >y praising Massachusetts, but by vilify ug South Cuioliuu, I have Tell it my dut 0 put this tliii g ngbt. In the course c lie investigation which I ham heel ibligcd to make, eoimeeted with uiv dun s one of the Committee on Revolution!) y Claims, I liiive gathered :i vast ileal ?i nforniiMion in relation to this matter, am now beg leave to present it. L p to .May, 177f?, although there \va ii American Congress in session, ilia 'ungress had no aimy, and d.d not at 1 nipt to exv'cbe any control over it. Al > r the.battle ot l.c.v nylon, s< inc fifteen o wci.ly thousand men from New Knglaiul cling under soine resolution t the N'c\ uiglaiid St;ili s, as.-1 iiiblcd. In Mav, a ilood had been shed, and we were likil o enter into a contest which was to in o'.ve us all, and as she spirit of the time mis to unite all our ni'-ans an 1 all on orces, Congiess t?.ok t!i:?? nunv ofc. No\ 'liigland, thieeli ur.hs of whom came lYoi dassachusetls, ii.lo their |?av. On th oth day of June, 177a, (General Wash ngiou was appointed to this command u hat aiiny. Not many days uftcrwardiinjor gelt* rals in the army, and la igadier.ate elected. CJeticTul \\ .i-l.'n^'.on arriv <! in Cambiidgc some time cai!y in Jul) ho first move which congixss made ii for. n o to the army was in referenci 0 this army bejnro 1 Jo-ton. from whirl hey dctorinincd that the commando 1 chict should select thu uecC-sar iliinhcr of troop", not exceeding I Weill) wu thou.-and. They werenudei the eoti icl ol Congress, us far as they cnnM cor, rol them hv a eommander-in ? ! . !.u ill their legimeut and company olhcci vcre appointed hy the States. Things remained in this situation unli ;oplenii cr, 1770, when Congress detei nincd to raise an army unconnected wit! lie States, and resolved that tlm arm 1 ould consist cf eighty-eight battalion I'lies-c battalions were divided among ill nates. Massachusetts hud lifu-cn ; Vii jinia had fifteen ; IVnn>\Ivauia twelve dan land eight; North Carolina eight u ii?1 do not recollect which ', and Soul! atrolinu six. 'I he eighty eight battalion-sliinating tin in at six bundled men to altalion, would make, an army of fifty wo thousand eight hundred lin n. Thu vas by far the greatest army Congres ver attempted to rai-e, and that, aecoi ling to the best testimony 1 can get, tra lever half mis.a). In March, 177'J, being unable to rai? ill these t" "j.Sj Congress determined ti|i >u a new organization of battalions, to 1. idiRCil to eight}*. TliN, ?t six bundle* non fur ii battalion, would make an arm >1 foitv eight thousand. Of th??e t ig la \ daasachUM'tts had tifleen, Virginia lifteer joutli Carolina six, being exactly tin atuo number us before, though thtre wa i total xductioii. licsidcs there wore*<>m ight troops. Theso were cominantlei nostly by foreign ofticcr>. A bounty ( was given to each man who uotili nlist to serve during the war. I ough o have stated that, by the resolution t I77G, tlie eigl.ty eight battalions were t -o raised to verve duiing the war, bu bey never were. The next organization w as on Februar I, 1780. lly a resolution, tb? amy wa 0 consist of thirty-five the- ad two lull] 1 red and eleven, exclusive of commission il oirio-ra. Massachusetts had six thou and and seventy; Virginia six thousniv iml seventy ; iSontli Carolina two tlion ami four hundred and thirty, in exactl he same ratio as the former. On lite 4tli of (Ictober, 1780. a new oi ranization took place, to take effect o he 1st of January, 1781. The indepoti lent corps were to be abolished. '1 ii inny was to consist of forty-eight reg units of infantry, four regiments of cava y, four of artilh ry, a German regimen ommanded by Col. Ilazcn, and a reg aent of artificers, making in all fifty nin< )f thes , Massachusetts had ten of infanl y, and one of artillery, making eleven.? nrginia had eight of infantry, one of at illcrv, and two of cavalry, making elevet louth Carolina had only two regimenisr ufnnlry. Th's, it will be reinemberc* ras.in October, 1780, alter the suirendc >f Charleston, and the capture of lit rvops. Indeed, the whole State might b onsidered in the possession of the enemy Now, sir, I come to tlie point. Of llii rmy tlie Senator si vs. nearly sixtyeigli lionsand were furnished by Massachu otts. 1 think I might say, that is tw liirds of all the soldiers in the field fron he beginning to the end of the Hevolu ion, excluding that army before IJostor f which I shall give some account hen fter} and yet that is lh" posftioj. Ther \ no difficulty about this. New Kaglaq o began l>f enlistments of one year ; lite , thn d lir.st troops which she enlisted, were en-| set! it listed, 1 suppose, when they Congregated j to 1 o at Cambridge, after the battle of Lexing- 1 a li y ton, which was on the 10th of April, 1775. ! dot ir ; On looking into the Washington letters, | I a il will be perceived that the period of ser- i Set : vice of this whole body of troops ended on ' to t >r , the 1st of .lanuAry following; so that wh i- they could not have been enliste 1 for ; V: it I more than eight months. When that uin !- time expired, a very large portion of those ] an - I men were enlisted again, ami served for | win i- ! another year, to the beginning of the year ; thn s j 1777. So far as I can gather?and 1 | 11 il d have looked very diligently atanlhorites? \ as i y ! the troops of Virginia, of Pennsylvania, of a- j Maryland, of South Carolina, and, proba- sett y ( bly, of other Slates, were enlisted to serve the >f I either during the war, or for three years, dot it : My impression is, that the Virginia conli- no y neutal hue w as enlisted to serve during ker i t!ie war, and that her own State line, as iug if it was called, which was live regiments, all il wore enlisted for three years. cipl Mr. Hunter. The Virginia Slate line dist s ! was composed of seven regiments. lett I j Mr. Jv-'ans. Xow of New Knglatr i, j w, | Massachusetts included, unless towards Jul } the end of the war, when some extraordi- ' r ( nary inducements were held out, all the her I, enlistments were for one year. If Virgin- gov v ia had fifteen regiments, and Massaehu- 1 s setts fifteen, ami both of them filled their ot ! y regiments, Virginia for three years, ami | 17! i Massachusetts for one, then at the end of I Clot s i three yean Massachusetts would have | 4 i luuusiiru nominally three times as niHity | for v men as Virginia; that is, slic recruiteij lier her n legimeiits three tinu's when \ irginia had lice e recruited tliem hut once. Without wast- the ing tlie time ?T the Senate, it w ill he found, to I f on investigation, that it io that, and that in i, a! n<*, which lias made this mighty dilVer- em , 1 cine, 'lii.ro is not a pretense?I allinn a no i it on litis occasion?there is not a pre- wh . ! tense in history, tl ere is nothing in ihc pla ii resolutions of Congress, which 1 have tiot e carefully looked over, to atitborize the has !i conclusion, that Massachusetts, from the I lime when Congress organized the nimy dat y of 177G up to the cud ol the war, furnish- 4 ed one man over and above her share.? I r. j i- I I here is not a title ot proof ol it that 1 Vn i- have ever seen. nm t J I mean no reflection of Massachusetts. ?*_;i s 1 do not hoiieve that General Knox, if he 'in: ever made tlio rtatemciit to which the mo il .Senator alluded,sent it into the world with e.in - any view either to exalt Massachusetts or ace h 'o cast any suspicion that other States had ' v not done its duty. It was made out, I Coi -. have no doubt, by some cleik in llie otlice vid e j from the muster rolls, showing the enlist- (I-e - ments. If Massachusetts enlisted John I ; j 1 >oe and Kiel.aid Koe three limes in three da' r I years, she had the credit for tinee soldiers, ing li i but was entitled to o .ly one. That is the , j way in which this mighty diflVicncc has me a occurred. 1 should besoiry,sir, if 1 should j Ma say anything here whit h could ho con- to s it stnied into any unkindness for Massachu ers ;s ! setts. I admit, and I believe that,in that the ' stniggle, evciy State ?li<l its duty to the n n s best of its ability. It is true, as the ho..- sen orablu Senator who is present [Mr. \\ il- has e son] saitl very triumphantly the other day, aiu i- that Massachusetts had fifty times as ma tha e ny men as South Carolina { There is fix I something I ke that stated in the history on y I of Sabine to which ! have alluded. 1 do tho , ; not know where it came from, but he saw as i I, ' something like it in Sabine's history, lie ens 8 j is a Massachusetts man ; and 1 believe the s ' ilie M ir.sacliu^etU people arc so strongly it p e impressed with the idea that they are wil 1 , ahead of all the rest of the world, that liel I i there is not a history, as thick as an al so I il manac, in which you will not find some the t 1 culo.-y <>n Massachusetts, or on New Kng- ma ?f land generally, and her particularly.? list r> They are entitled to great credit, and (Jod I it forbid that I should detract from it! hut dat when they set up such inordinate claims yea v that they did fifteen limes as much ast nea s South Carolina, I must state the truth of 4 i- I history. twe i- South Carolina had only ninety-three am - tlittisnml people; Massachusettshad three tiot I hundred and fifty-four thousand. If the spii i- the Senator, or anybody else, will trouble ing y himself to ntake the calculation, il will he cor found that the six regiments furnished hy wu - South Carolina were over her proportion he n compared to what Massachusetts did.? thn i- , Virginia, having a population of three wli e hundred thousand, furnished fifteen regi- ty i- ments as well as Massachusetts, and Mas I sachusetts, had fifty-four thousand more ver it population than her. I do not know hut 4 i- that being slaveholders some additional sue ?. regiments were put upon her for tliatrea- ant L- son. 4 know this much : that when Con- adt - gross detenuinot! to issue jwipcr money.by gre - way of creating a sinking fund to irtaiu- tie* i. tain its credit, they called upon the States tha >i 10 imiiisii *.j,uui),oot>, and that monev I NV1 I, was not to l>o raised on the white people j is I r | hut was to l>e raised upon the whole pop- : pro r illation, mulattoea and negroes included; enl e so that when the money was raised our dro negroes wore taxqd. It may be that wo obi is had to finnish an additional number of me it troops on account of our negroes, or, as pel i ! I think is more likely, the men of that day a 0 met together as patriots, and each one thf 1 was willing to contribute to the ej^cnt of an I- his ability. -aft i, 1 have a great deal of information hero bo >- on that subject which will be very RStis- mi e factory as^o wb.it the States furnished to an< 4 the roguler arp?y. I admit it is possible mc 4ft t when those troops which Ma?sa:liu* :? had furnished before Boston came lie considered, she may have furnished ttle more than her share, though I ibl that. desire now to call the attention of the iate, or or those who choose to listen his unpleasant discussion, to some facts ich will he found in the writings of ishington, edited bv Sparks, third vole, in which General Washington gives account of this formidable army which s gathered besorc Boston. It is true t arinv fought the battle of Bunker ', and behaved gallantly; but they had t seems, the same notion then which icars to prevail now, that Massachu. s being the center of the world, when y had done their duty there, they had te all that w as required of them. They doubt felt elated for this battle of Bun Hill was fought before General Washton came to the camp. They arrived the conclusion that troops w ithout disline were just as good as troops with ,-iplinc. General Washington, in a or to his brother, John Augustine i>hingtcn, dated, "Camp at Cambridge y *27, 1775," says: 1 I found a mixed multitude of people o, under very little discipline, order, or 'eminent." na letter to the President of the Council dassacluisct'.s Bay, dated August 7, F5?a month after he arrived there? ueral Washington says: ' By the general return made to me last week, I lind there are great mini* s of soldiers and non commissioned ofrs who absent themselves from duty, greater part of whom, I have reason believe, arc at their respective homes, different j arts of the Country; some ployed by their officers on their fai ins, I others drawing pay from the public ilo they are working on their own nlations or for hire. My utmost exeris have not been able to prevent this e and pernicious conduct." n a letter to the President of Congress ed September 21, 1775, he says: ' l ite necessities of the troops having ...... i i:?.- ? -> - ...i !'??, i uuecieu inai uiosc oi ssnckuselis should receive for one it! , njicn their being mustered and irning a proper roll; but a claim was t. Jiately made for pay by lunar nlhs, and several regiments have doled taking up their warrants on this omit." twill be found that after this, when igiess fixed pay, they took care to proe that it should be for calendar months. mghter.J In a letter to the President of Congress, ed November 11, 1773, General Washton says : 'The trouble I have in the arrangent of the army is really inconceivable, nv of the oflicers sent in their names serve, in expectation of promotion ;othstood aloof, to see what advantage y could make for themselves; whilst umber, who had declined, have again t in their names to serve. So great i been the confusion, arising from these 1 many other perplexing circumstances, t I found it absolutely impossible to this very interesting business exactly the plan resolved on in the conference, ugh 1 have kept up to the spirit of it near as the nature and necessity of the c would admit. 1 he difficulty with soldiers is as great, indeed, more so, ossible, than with the oflicers. They I not enlist until they know their colo, lieutenant colonel, major, and captain, Lliat it was necessary t:> fix the officers first thing, which is, at last, in some nner done ; and 1 have given out ening orders." Ill a Intlw* I'rutiilnut "f f'nn^.ivio ... ? VVI.jj.WI-, eil November 28, 1775?when the r for which (ho men had enlisted was ir its close?lie says: 4 The number enlisted since my last is ? thousand five hundred and f r y men; I 1 am sorry to be necessitated to tnoni to you the egregious want of public rit w hieh reigns here. Instead of press to be ergaged in the cause of their intry, which 1 vainly flattered myself uld be the case, 1 find we are likely to deserted in a most critical time. Those it have enlisted'innst have a furlough, ich I have been obliged to grant to fifst a time, from each regiment." In a letter to Joseph Kced,of date Nonber 28, 1775, he says : 4 Such a death of public spirit, and h want of virtue, such stock-jobing, 1 fertility in all the low arts to obtain ranlages of one kind or another, in this at change of military arrangement, I \.?c.. ?i i n ci rst%Y* wiuic, nim 1 |irny wuu8 niercy t F ihhv never l>o witness to again.? tat will be ?ho end of these maneuver* reyond my scan. I tremble at the *pect. We liave beon till tliis time isting about three thousand five hund men. To engage those I have been iged to allow furloughs as far as fifty n to a regiment; and the ollicera, I am 'lutded, indulge as many more. Such mercenary spirit pervades the whole, it I should not at all bo surprised at y disaster that may happen, lu short er the last of this month, our lines will so weakened, that the minute men and litia must be called in for their defense; 1 tb??o, being under no kind of governnt themselves, will destroy the little subordination I have been laboring to establish, and run me into one evil whilst I am endeavoring to avoid another ; buttho less must be chosen. Could 1 have foreseen what I have experienced, and am likely to experience, no consideration upon earth should have induced me to accept this command. A regiment or any subordinate department would have been accompanied by ten times the satisfaction and perhaps the honor." This was whilst the enemy had possession of their capital, and a large number encamped in full view of the American army. I could readjnanv similar extracts. I have resusilated these most unwillingly. In a letter to General Schuyler, dated December 5, 1775, General Wasb.ngton says : " 1 know that your complaints arc too well founded ; but I would willingly hope that nothing wili induce-you to quit the service ; and that, in time, order and subordination will take the place of coulusion and command be rendered more agreeable." General Schuyler, in the letter to which this was a reply, had said : " Nothing can surpass the impatience of the troops from the New England colonies to get to their firesides. Near three hundred of them arrived a few days ago unable to do any duty ; but as soon as I administered that grand specific?a dis^ chart/c, they instantly acquired health \ and rather than be detained a lew days to cross Lake George, they undertook a inarch from hero of two hundred miles Willi the greatest alacrity." 1 should be sorry to have any mail suppose that these facts are brought forward as evidence of what Massachusetts, or the men of Massachusetts, were willing to do. Sir, there never was a nobler 6et of men ort earth than those who led the destinies of this country in Massachusetts, South Carolina, Virginia, and every other Stato at that time. Hut it was impossible that the leading men of the country?those who bring about revolutions?could control all, or supply the army with the necessary numbers. What I have read shows that, as the the Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. Wilson 1 said the other dav I here were some mean Vankees then; and they were, unhappily, loo numerous. There is some other facts of some consequence in ibis connection, which I havo derived from the American Archives.? Among the oflioers first appointed by Congress w as Geucral Gates as adjutant general. In his return of the army on tbo 18th of August, 1775?only a little more than a mouth after General Washington arrived?there were thirty eight regiments amounting to nineteen thousand and sixty men ; there had been enlisted on hundred and seventy; deserted one hundred and filty lhree ; sick, three thousand two hundred and twenty-four. This was while the enemy was in possession of lloston. Whether this was real sickness, or the home sickness of which General Schuyler spoke, I do not know. On the 2:id ot September, 1775, about a mouth afterwards, we find another return. Then .1 * * * - * * mere were, regiments, thirty-eight; men, nineteen thousand three hundred and sixty-five ', enlisted, one; descried, forty-four; sick, two thousand two hundred and seventeen. It should l>e stated, in this connection, that on the day before General Washington was elected commander-in-chief, an order was issued for raising a reginlQht of riflemen. Four companies were assigned to Pennsylvania; two to Maryland; two to Virginia. On the 27th of July, Daniel Morgan arrived at Cambridge with a full company enlisted in Frederick county, Virginia; and before the 15th of August the eutiro regiment was enlisted in 1'ennsylvauia and Maryland, and was before Boston. It is true, they remained there but a short time; for another expedition was got up, in which their services were needed in the invasion of Canada. I think I have said enough about Massachusetts, but I am sure 1 bat esaid nothing of her in an invidious or unkind spirit. 1 have an extract before me whiuh 1 will not read. It is a return of rr.en wl.n enlisted in Massachusetts, to supply n part of the grand army, and were rejected? about a hundred of them?for various reasons. Some were boys who could not carry a musket; some were old; rnanf were halt and lame. I do not think it necessary, however, to bring that into this discussion. I suppose that ho who enlisted them, like Kalstaff, had possibly pocketed the money ; but according to jtaron Steuben's account of thenqFalslnfTs coin . pany was a Roman legion when compar ed to these soldiers of Massachusetts. A further evideneo that Massachusetts furnished no more than her due proportion of the army Is to he found in the fact, that at the end of this war she had only her due proportion of officers entitled to the commutation ; and of the officers who were killed in battle, she had only Uiirty-nine, whilst Virginia had /orly nine, and l'ennsylvania thirty-nine. Now, Mr. President, 1 come to what I would willingly avoid, but it seems to be necessary. It appears to have been considered that honor was to l?e acquired in abusing and traducing the military services of the State of Smith Carolina. The wonder to me Is?1 think it must he Lb*