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TL !. " '. " . qtr. " " a " " }r i.. . j:fi^} . " :t'. !""(; r',/A' "S :a/ .r1 J6"," w ..i . ;i 4 "' ; .h I'"i \ !': ratt L !:" :1^"., ,e". fl 4. . .~ I. s:.1 i :3 :.a" i. . . % r"' ,i ?.?' i.* i' i ?MJ::i w'."i' r ... .J+,. ' ...Y ":ti'"P i.l!i!I T " .t :: r rr r'Y,. ti :. , . .-_.[,"t.. w L"rkl r '0: i .% 9 .1 r;,;L" % !'rf. _ '.y ""+"y 1r '1fi ' ."il: "i yl f. f 1', t'".r ._ Af" t t. " ' "'' ln:o? 1.,;i cwr ' i+F I, ".-".; .. ". ,tI ; :, ..t " " rr ' " , r, I t So. is 4"a Cal _3 PIP po! ., "r.l.,. m * dW f :/V trR { C -"1,. .1. \ " 1: " V , rVlII+ TZ 7n1 w . ,: '.'/'r 1( "!" ,. ''" .. "1 " . r .1""t " l x':":W7?r r "q t ' I ".i .rl.,{." T', 'ir llT.j.; , y :i .{ i , :CSY ( , 1.?,l:, "y( 'v 7i;iQ"al w"I :r" ,K .'..' " ri. id, f LIUCrt1 Wewin One u Site-Pillars.-OU the Teieple D " and it itrmU1trfallr a)A "Nar(. ".? }tr .:" ii" ".. " . 1tL .! l t rl:: r j CK.,d:..;:i"'. ,..1 9" " r w .. 1 . t .t.:t i IIJIfA Iff F E" 'V. 't': "yi.lr '.11." ." "'r ... - "" rr" .._... -... ;. , 3' (E?:! r k) 1r,: A( f.' ". .. , il, / ..r ", - i . f,,1 i ,, J t .C W. C pL ED GEFI "M7 '. r. .. .r :r. .n/ 1!'. '1 11,5} :w ".r'. "1ri'. "'ii .Nr: '"ll: : ., r, .. 7 r .r , 1" 'r 1 " " " .-..s-t-. 1e sgh-ad sliiatY lliftti f ai ass w Rb ' ad or tie option of ofother-Stara EMs l ALTa Idnserted ar oS gas per w.ip&4$It . oealew) lortshe Gotato rtiei, ad 71 eenP . .b ubssquent insefliom oa'tmlvaabi hedhfiuthlV or Q~aarterty. $ pet psqaeilfttehsged.i Al.AdveinrersaS1'&va It tyiitiats t.itEyi0;dinqac o tracts for yearly advertising are iif th rItaii ~h-o[nm athat fie. roe .,idhadl paid y siji trace aveisn.T f RIO NovSuwfu Tems)! E S2#Oyro numi a .dvm e 0' F. tDttafSo3& SON, PUBLISHERS8, oarsmwc. it., 5.C.' Lbi~d~tWilIg, tOesnnimebo InthfflJ5 , gtta JAmuu~frLe.Ls Thaeuahia design, -of -thiseJournal i mdsisitpetim oC~e riter frith qed practice. Aditinal to this, we~h pt4. ieach sliiticles of a 3hjry easeter, Itigiout *as*wiooted, asmeifi haze .a :teadeney to trefi uter table maudeIseatth..aebimeati of he rea dingpmh? ie.' -P~ti siy tot e rnecta axiec,.ard a s afeetiug the principlMe of Law and Goveraw uat, and moee~prrit h misghty. inoveutentp of the nation*, 'they arr'cedt dti*h96f~d, will olaiqs-dui'ntre4prptr attention. list ..'uljzkp d graded te thei abbles,C ago2Uesand fiwtl6t*, wal :be uttelyehewed and repudiated. a:-. &.tpeche umttes -purely. rel'ows, we sh#I, of coarse, advocate the principles of the Baptist Coot mnu..i .5a~diived fai the $rttures,,t~, !Toeb lit fom standard' and other red pcctah1 wor'As, ar ,prtligto our own~ Ititure; .but -duo g .l g ?vper. 17a -For the* defence and advocacy of their. principles, claiming only the-right to judge of the suitablcuess of all articles for insertion, and to make such criti .enmsiou themt as may, be decwed.e1xehiecDL -- In this undertaking. we have the. sauskfotion. a announcing that several gentletien of emninenit abii-* tyjudattainments have kindly. engaged to render a occasional asistance:" The Journal vfill eqnatin FORTY PAGES of renin rf oaaderieet as our friends mtay .favor us with, not inconsistent witde the ohlarneter of the-work-making at the end of ie year a neat volume of 480 parrs, suitable for hind th in er tot mech~anical -execution of the " *ioik, wie deem. the announcement, that this will be itder the direction of the Messrs. I )uaisos, a sfr "fr nt guaraty fr it,. faithful and tasteful perform. once-eand without further words, encouraged by -ildepreahionu of good Will and promises of sub. stanti~aid .froiii many friends. wc throw the mnst ter be orb the people with an assurance of every earorederntifbvtito~ for the support that many _etne _-z u& ....J rvepcctfullyask thrnm torlt -M,u uisEfepasettnaft.s .> .: .L---a.. ~Euifk prema~ldeer. -: J .o{estiinal'iiettrg6 of yoar cot srai inf aWAti ondertheiixost eneduraging 'ld kla' -'The 'peeuniary pressure whinir ta 4'eIaniung -of-the- year, bore ao heavily Setaisesof eietyr: ha& happily.-pass - llgitkot'taadsipated;dIstaters. Comre Tch eqotvo eais 4wjidenJaer.domain.*g ri&nisne irejioieb..aoer fgtalhkyest; .AnJdabor ferrydescription feels. .the-stinamjus of remP, u pting, pricet. Ithe ypr.)as been.. ot unexamplbd heaih, i a d or people, in quiet and uezptyh . sp 1dull voted thensel s thus M i ,tif trrtefl'we .in of iGly er ofj'od ti abinge a[ri-;irtaa d dev otyppil#lng r itlitiieT na It th ddyiisd-o ni by-th-cusirftion,--shall rseott1 emd to peon cosdsrdier ditrioneowmasares whielt I4hidl impitat-te the publieeal. Ynsftalligence ,wiil enable: you :to- select, m d-yoar trietis*i W -l p r O pt 4 Wio Ror optsu ch o f- hem as w ill' a1d sneshhlintere taad: p"romote- th.general: prospecfyi,,gE oor a to onastituents, ZJlhe; gabjie.tsgd,,spepecilly committed to your keep "ig cannot, in my j t, be more certainly ittaned ian y tieadj qdherenee to the bog ,disc i e ' New enacttneits, . -o ating ~W. are soe. es.reureid to-suitlioarying clrtiumstaneta' of oet condition: but legislation fitieli selo breakdown. the forms id isnes to which i J people have long beesn 'iccst'oied, -should not be resoted to except ubiler thehactiisk pressure .of necessity. The people. of-86dth Carolina have"great reason te rest content with their Constitutions it stands -:lt is - far better that its immaterl 1 defects, should be borne, than that we sbeuld begit the-.iazrdous 'work of eonetitutional reform.: 'AVl of theold States of the-Confederaeygeseept og4 own,- have at differ ent times made fo ndameatalihanges in their Constitutions. These- hangesn-ayihave served for the.momentitoteepd -s.pipalaoe; but I have not been able to discover that those fir whose especial enefit:'they 'were introduced have been distiugnisbed by-a higher elevation of sentiment, or been 'rewarded with greater pros perity than our own people,--who.still cling with aonfidnee to their old -formsand' 'gather hope for the future febm the encouraging--eeeollections of the past. Continue, then, by your example and policy, to teach your constitoentsin-t to lean on goernment, but to refy:on their own energies to work out their-destiby. Ar people thus train ed will be more jeatonsof their.rigitta,and when assailed will stand up-more. maotully in their defence, than if their nupda are bewildered and their time wasted in fruitless efforts to better their condition by periodical changes in their organic law. The proclivities of the age are, to my mind ominous of anyihing but good to the cause of true progress. In certain sections of the country doctrines have beem, avowed and Ai: nen enact . h~' i thetier days of the Republic would have consigned their authors to lasting infamy and execration. The advocates of a ''higher jaw" sit in high p'aces ; fanaticisn rales' triumphant in the land of Hancock and Otis; and miob are so common that the mis guided masses are fast acquiring a taste for blood. In view of the hideous phases which Rdicalism has elsewhere 'assumed, and the bitter fruits of his triumphs, Conservatism may confidently appeal to. the patriotism of the're formers of a-milir latitude to iostpone their labor to 'a more auspicious period. There is wisdom and safety in the injunction of Holy Wri: *Prove all things; hold fast that which is good." I commend to you the preservation of -our Constitution in all its integrity. It has served us, and we owe -it to ourselves to trans mit it intact to our posterity. First, in order, and highest it importance, I invite your especial attention to the fiiancial condition of the S'ate. The right to tax your costinensu-the most rv ponsible and delicate of all'your fr'usts-cannot be wisely exercised withouit consta~ntif keeping in view the amount of-oir ~obtigations, and properly estimating the resource#rwith which they are to be met. Hiow far It may be prudent to increase our indebted ness, an din so doing create, at no distant day. all necessity for increased taxation, it will be for you to-determine.. Our people ar. patriotiesand 1-an atisfied would make'as heavey saenrices as any people to preserve inviolate the publie faith ; but it must be-borne in mind that they cultivate exhausted lands, and they will form an exception to the rest sf their countrymen, if, with thie prospect of onerous taxation before them, they do not emigrate to more favored regions, where if they have high taxes to pay, they, wil' have rich hai-vests-on which the-.contribtution .would belevied. The following statement Exhibits the public - dbt of -the State, as it appears on the books of the Loan.Office,-on the*30th day of September, 1855:. Stracted.' sanding. | . loflt anual tan. ( eet.116T$04'6 AtarttteStaetsi et-*811e 28 18381 8 48 January, 1889. 5p. cet 1,893 6T 1889 -.101 12 January, 1856. 6p eti 60 66 June 1888 .29 5Hr.1860&18ro 6 ati 46,096 17 eei~~soat-ianuary, 1871.6P: . t-2ps0 1 ,215 g-* .~ 19647-61 TIo the above sum-of. $2,287,i46,23 must.be added $800,000,' the amount'or State aubserip tion yet to be called for to the Blue Ridge Rail oad Company. This will give us,.ia principal, 33,087,156,23,.and an anntnal. interest ofjl72, 4.6AJ. -C to this Is added the sum of 81000, 000,,the atqount of bonds of said company to be edpysd. by the Stiate, bearing seven per Lcent. in.terest, the entire delt ot the State mayfbe-adt downt'4,087;156.23, writh an annual interest of $242,4761. Whenabis 'sum is increased, o as it most pirobaebly will "be, by another niillion i for the eompletion 2of the State *.apitol, the whole debt will he #5,087J56,93, with an an Snaal interest of $02,476,61. As the glios-prollts of the Bank for the last year .were~ only 82y3,050,92, it is apparent that r unless these are largEly increased -for-the future s'large portion of this interest must fall on the State Tjeasury, and be met by an increase of n grs,,t tseer. view of-this exhibit,,] thnk it must be ad tted that we have made sufficient progreas" in the way of getting intc dbtitejstifyv at least a temporary pause.Yo 'svltcertainly. not offend the tax paying porlior of: yourconstituentis by declinmng to embark ut any new projects requiring new loans to any 90ilrbeamount. d -'In gnihterafisig fh iteis of' time publre iebt I have'odmitted $1L051,410,09, the- amnount ol sutpln fpnd deposited' by act-of Congress, be ~ eau-seo I have no apprehenyiod that the statt will ever be called upon to pay it The Rnbbi o debt, so far as it respects the paymetit of thi y interest, is divided into three classes: 1. That. the Interest of which is' elbargeabl tpn.the Bank. This consists of the 5 and 4 ephy'.dts-of 3838. t2. That portion of the debt, the interest o which is chargeable ona the Sinking Fund. I yconsists of athe i) 0enta of '1.794, and the e [t~qP.1898; redenmable in 1859. T . new idhi' 12e '1nteret on hly I pa able at-of the current fand*'ef the rt, via the hbonds issued to- provide.. for'51 -eretion-of the new State Capital. The.amonn issued is $50,000:ntirtst-15,000:. The bond issued to- Ivridd for-. the-paymntr.terStata .mbscription to the-Blue Ridge Railroad-Compa ny. - Bond' to the amount- of : 2004000 have already been-issued, t~he interest-or which wil be $12,000. -'here most be daring the ensuini I year a further issue of bonds to provide the means for carrying on -botr these *orks. The resotrces of the State.to.meet the public ,dbt eonsist of stock in her various railto6~da ,and the surplus assets of the Bank.: -The'omi nal value of these stocks is $1;542,3000: thel present value.in market is $771,150. - The porplus means of .the.State in the Bank lover.ia lisbilties,-is'$3,9232064. On reference tdshe-Reporsofsthe Comptroller General; it:appears? thnt-tlhe jayments.-for the year:1855 were -651,682.93,- and the. receipts as the-Treaury-were $440'142;89 - "'zy-.predecssor -ealled vor'attention to the claim of Mr: *nthony-Hide:fercommisslons am anget af-th State for- -etaims on aeoint " of losses n .the 1lorida war;=.but-on .reference to youi journals "Ilfnd that no action was had on .the subject. Shortly after, jour adjournment, Mr. -Hyde. urged on me. the payment of .h@ eaimiU . upexamiouing" the papersIn -my de. partmentj .found- thatktbe late ;Governor>8ea: brook. hid.'appointed AMr.,Hyde agent of the State, with a stipulation on.tbe face ofithe pow. er-of-attorney..that Mr.--;.-waazo receivo.as his compensation five.per cent. og-all sume poHcted. Out of tbe-$1,583'f the huredit off'~te State at the iidd'States 1isufy, Thave paid him his compensation at-themre of five.per cent., and,a small ekargetfor:.opying,-iin all 4978A5. Mr. Hyde thinks he is entitled-to five per cent. more for his services.. cIiHv gme equity there ia in his-clai. you .will; be ennlled to. detcmine by an examination of.the papers n'd cdasspondenee which are herewits transmitted. The balance, after dedui jip nkerdg., eaniodunttin* $600,59 togetirit $1781,8605 previously received, I have dep6sited-with the Treasurer of the Upper Division. - A report-from the Commissioners of the New Sate apitol= will be found apong the docu. ments -accompanying this message. In accord. ance with..your -iastructions, they have changed the.site of the.boilding, and. modified their plans so -ap .o. remedy the defects in their former structure. The walls for the foundation have risen above the surface of the ground,'and as more than one hundred and forty Labsrer. are employed on the work, ita -further progress will be .rapid and -gratifying. . It -appears to me, though pretending to nso skill in-such matters, that the new masonry lo.very much superior to the old. The largo regular hammered stone, arranged in horizontal layers of equal thickness, gives it a solid and substantial appearance, which forbids any rear of a catastrophe such as befell the former structure. The bonds of the State issued for this building have all been disposed of, and of their proceeds only 'enough remains on hand to meet the wants-of the present year. MuHtio+ hiienifthe'itate tardrid ile strictest economy and the most careful husban dry of our resources, as the Capitol had been begun by your authority, and is much needed by the State, I would suggest-liberal appropriations for its progress and completion. There is no propriety in protracting the work f-r six or .eight years, when it may be finished in three or four. The longer the time of building this structure, the greater will be the expense to the State, so that true economy will recommend- its speedy completion. The South Carolina College is in a more four'ihing condition than it has ever been since its establishment. Its administration is able and faithful, and I am assured that the spirit of study has never been more general, nor the bearing of the students .more manly. It is. objected by some to the institution that its advantages. are confined to a particular class, and calculations have been made to show at; what cost to the State these -advantages have been enjoyed. I respectfully submit that its benefits are not to be estimated by the standard of dollars and ents. If its founders had made it a question of arithmetic, it would never have been estab liahsed. .And if-ititi to be judged by that atand. ard, then perhaps it may be said .to have failed. But if the spread-of knowledge and a thirst, for its acquisition-il the development and expansion of intellet-if pure morality, manly sentiment, refined taste, and elevated thought--if these are riebes to a people, then .haa the Institution been a mine of wealth to the State-thus fully justifying the liberal 'polisy which has always sutmdit. .It is greatly' to b'e 'regretted that Pre'sident Thornwell's determination to withdraw from its government remains unchanged. - I regard his retirement a public los's. He has diseharged the arduoua trust with unequalled ability and succesa and in thus officially' 'noticing his resignation,:1 feelthat I pay but a merited tribute to uncom mon worth and rare endowepent, . On the 26th of JTr.nmary4 that portion of the College buildings known as the Eanst Wing and Centre Building of Rutledmie College was total. -f destroyed by fire. That West Wing wa sayedm, but in such. a damaged condition as t< render its continued oceupancy extremely un comfortable, if not positively 'dangierous. Thei inconvniences to which the College was sub jeted by this disaster were so great, and the demand for the reconstruction of-the buildingi so urgent, that asapecial meeting, of the-Board of Trustees was. called in the hope that som. scheme might be suggested, by which the build ings could be replaced without waiting for. special appropriatiou from the Legislature. Thb evils to be apprehended from delay were sniner oius and grave. I t wouald have kept the Colleg' for two full sessions in a condition altogethe unfit for the accomudation .of students; appli cants..would have been deterred from entering or if they had been disposed to come, could no have been received. The students now in at tendance would ha"'e been crowded together fo aye'ar longer,' exposed to the temptations t ideness and dissipation, -which such' a state o things naturally engenders. The College ' he time of the fire was in a condition of- grow ipg prosperity, and if it had been allowed 'I receive a shock, which would have been the cas had tio Interest been manIfested in Its reparatior the consequences might have been permanenti: disastrous.. The Board was soisensible of thes evils,,that it resolved to rebuild at once, and t pledge, as far it was competent to do so,~ th faith~ of the Legislature. Thie case~ seemed to plain to admit of doubt. Thie Legislature coul not suffer the College to lie in ruins. Beside there was somne apparent, claim upon the Stat By an Act' of 1819, the Comptroller'Generr was reijtired annually to irnsu're the Colleg Buildings 'against fire. With the-'exception < two or three years, this Act wasiregularly cxt eted until 1841, when the Legislature decline making the usual approprIation, on the groun< it was understood, -that the State ought to I its own insurer. As then the Leizislature ha assumned, in some soert, the responalbility ofa ifiqurer, it was boped that- this' wonld be an at ditional inducement 'for repairing the losaes oa asioned by an accidental tire. Confidently a: ticipating thefrisejdly interposition of the Stati the Board 'appointed A committee to inake contract upon the faith of na appropriation froi ttl m. s~t 'La~ g'sthta. 'But the Comniitt4 -found it imspossibejt_ cet" their trot.. B mechanic *oaIll-au'd the work. With t.; deliberate opinioid ha body s tifeBo of Trustees -beforf .did notscruple 1o s' givdlhis''ah an In which the put . interest demande& et sppropriation co be made from the nt fuid, witlhot.p 1 judice to the cufd Afrafts upone it.- 7 I assistance which I wiat le to' render, ennbl the Committee -to a contract upon *i favorable termis,rand work has been comp ted within a shorter than was- thoui possible. The Cal appears in renoval beauty, and the tide :its prosperity-has h no ebb. The entire cost of new building is $ 802.00. - Of. this sum ve ndvnnced out the contingent fund . -An appropriati of *7,802 will be a to fulfil Itheobli tion of the Bosrd'wi contractor Mrs Co nover. I have paid - rdinary drafts on t contingent fund, $1,0 ' There are certa rewards offered for , i prehensioir of ful tivesj jut stiesby if -and predecesso which y hereat' * ltute-a claim. orer ti fund. The Milita A are mostsuccessful conducled a conti' dily-to grow in pa lie estimation. : - tb.t of a few yes standing, theitfriits already felt in eve district of 'the -Statwg 'hdet your -fosterii care, the harvest in libe rich and aba dal - They wilt Ao be stronger all guards than forts tlions. . The -in gent young man wti himself thus gen ously trained by- his or the dutes.of li can never forget that ' a Siate to lie f -he will alwafyfeel e has-a c-aim up him,.and in the hour .trial;.'will regard-i saerifie too dato - of bar institutior Wise-policy dictites ir capacity for goo should be enlarged. 4o ' tant of .our; meal Too mucl. praise .can. be warded to Ge James Jones, Chairma the Board of Visito for-ihe snuelfsh deo ' 'th Which he watch over and guards tbe i' erest.. ..He has.ju reason to be proud o success which h crowned his efforts, a' _ State may congr: ulate herself that the ent was intrust to.the guidance-: of o highly qualified t the task. - : With but a few' a on.s, I have review the regiments of the . and fifth military i visions of the Statee. a regiments of Ch leston and Lauren. ' cts. 1. was grajili< with the military'spim ced, nod-the knot ledge of tactics whic a.u been generally l quired. The Adjianf;' Inspector General found always at his pO$ nd it affords me mu pleasure to testify to. zeal and. efficiency the discharge of hits gi 'It is not necessa that I should urge*.upot 'o the imporltance keeping up our presen itia system. Our p euliar condition, 'end 'dangers to which i are exposed .both: f within and withot should preclude the t of abaindoning It is not desirable, * bpracticable to mal regular soldiers of o as, but.i( is. impc tant to teach themat 'm udimepts of 'th security and defence. he muster field, like t, school house, has its lessons. It inculcates t1 duty of obedience, the virtue of courage, ai the sent.ment of patriotism-and without the elements, the standard of character can never 1 high. The Free School system will receive at yo hands that consideration which its importan demands. Its results have fallen so far short its object, that it may be pronounced a failui Its defects ha. e been long felt, and yet nothii has been done except to double the sum money to be wasted under a bad system. requires thorough and entire reformation. is unfortunate that the end which was evident contemplated by the act of 1811 has been aba doned, and that what was intended to intrbd'u gradually a general system of common schoc has been perverted to the exclusive educati of paupers. In my judgment we would retu to the policy of 1811, and seek to inaugurate system which, in its ultimate developmei ahould bring the means of education within tl reach of every family in the State. A perfe scheme cannot be matured at once. It i-v es to devise. a beautiful and consistent plan, as thing of specnlation, but it could not ao rendi be put into operation--partly 'from the wint means, partly from lack of interest in the bet fis of instruction, and especially from the Ii possibility of procuring competent teachers. Our Incipient measures should look to the dout end of creating a popular demand for educatic and of furnishing instructors able to mupply Normal achools, as being too exclusively profi 'sional, are unsuited to the former purpose, al until that is accomplished, nothing is gained the prepiaration of teachers. It seems tor .that in conformity with the principle that knoi edge' dese'nds, and that the supply creates I Idemand, the first step should be to establish high school in each district in the State, in whi p'pils cduld be prepared for business or the u versity, and from' which a certain number of digent young men of industry and promi 'should be sent to college at the expense of'-t Stte upon the condition of devoting themsel' to the office of teaching for a specified peri after their graduation. The next atop should to institute, as teachers and pupils could be c tained, inferior schools in every portion of I land, until the means of Iiitruetion are' mi accessible to all: The' high schools, as a preli inary measure, would be 'a real and efficeient p visilon for popular instruction. Light cannot, confined. *"A city set en an lillecannot be his Intolligenice is essentially diffusive, and whate1 increase, learning in one portion of the como nity, elevates the standard of thought in all. The high schools would at once create a dema r for the inferior, and furnish ihe means of pro ,ding them with teachers. , If the State, however, sbould decline to c Sbark in ageneral system, and should continue ,restriet, its appropriation to the indigent,i r rncipe which at present 'regulates the dis >binothe fund should certainly be chang f By our public policy, education is denied to o t half of our population. The other halt u .constitute our political vitality, are unequL Sdistributed over the State; and it is this port a of our population whom it is our duty and< , policy to educate. The distribution should Sin proportion to white population. If the St eundertakes to raise a fund to educate the pc it should be spent where it is most needed e Under .the present method, no more mono: a allowed in one section for the education' of i or six hondred children, than in another for , or a do. .. In a matter of such vital imports . to the State, district and parish lines should i disregarded. Whether we live in the mounta e or on the sea.board, in the mIdst of light or a if rounded byignorance,we areill equally interes . in the noble work, and into whatever benigh d part of the State the rays of knowledge car I, made to penetrate, we should freel as csizena e the same State, enjoying one renown, and in d to one destiny, that the partial blessing is n general good. If the rich do pay largely to . sopport of government, they enjoy large pro - tion, and-they will consult true policy by cot -. buting-hiberally to the cause of-education, wI , suffrage is universal, and government resta a recthy on- the public will. buperfieial knowle is better than no knowledgre, for, after all, . truths-that regulate the relations of-life are pl No and die near the- surface.. An ignorant.peop lhe 'may passivelyenjoy liberty, but they cannotfo ird- is inspiration, and will bring no sacrifice to il re altar. - - ii .1; wal not on suphan.occasion enlarged on t aid necessity and importance-.of publie instructini re. All civilized governmerib recognize the dut 'he. and, labor to meet its requirements. T.e -sul ed'. ject e'. itself with . peculiar force to ry sia. " iig community.., 'he .world owes! le- eivijiia on to slavery. It ,exists with:us ibi' ht desirable and enduring frpm. "t. is.'the -corne ~d' stone of our -republican edifice,' .an) its strong ad -est defence. will be..found .i'a the education'( those. entrusted -with its preservation. 2,. It, is, hiwever, impossible - that tlie .preyer of system, or any other,. an liesmwdo tp .orkwe on without a responsible head.. Ther- must: b p. . unity and energy. Allow me to' urge apon .yeo w. as has often been done, the neesitrof appin he ing a ,Superintendent of Public .lpetructiot jn Select a man suitate for the ,work. .Yay liar g. liberally. Cheap.ofieera usually yender,eheal ru, s; rvice.. uate it -hia-duty to xit every peigh is borbigodin ths Spate,and aseain'lsherniach),p) are needed-where scbool houses y. becon ly veniently.locted-where, owing.to sptesenqs b. of population, they cannot-where thou egwh rs are able- to educate will unite with the Statj ry in. the establishaent of. Academjes.. In ;word iQ dojs has-been' dons. elsewhere-have asurve n. of the field',f ignorance, 'and with. tbe.mp be e. fore 'on, dedide on your system., M1ake at4 les hi.. this effort, and if it results in nothing-if it r. consequence of insurmountable dillcilties .i re, our -ondition, no 'idiprovement; can bb made o or the recent system, and the door of the. laid air in iopelessly. doomed 44.ignorance, poverty an io erime-y,a will at lsast feel Conscious of havipj gs. done your duty, . andlthe public anxiety on th )d subject will be quieted. is. IThe Lunatic Asylum is well mainaged, ini a. successfully performs its mission of mecy ani s, hunranity.~ 1 feel relieved from the nede~rity as making any special recomumendation in relaiio' t .oit; as committees were'appointed at your lnss as session to examine its condition and report o it. its necessities. After 'a coniparisode"of its re rd suits with other institutions, and a carefuliispeo or tion of its interior condition, 'I cannot withhold the expression of my belief that it is 'an iiistI sd tution "more sinned' against than sinning.". Ii. , Not less humane in its object than the care r. and treatment of lunatics, is the instruction of sd the deaf, dumb and blind. Th! State recognizes . her obligation to. provide for. this unfortunate e. ;class of her citizens, and has al.ways generously I responded to the appeals which have Ieei ihadi :h in their ,behalf. For many, years a' fat in annually appropriated for'the maintenance and ry education of her poor mutes in Nrirthern Iisti of tulions.~ Parents generally' were averse to send e. ing their children abroad, and few availed the.m re selves 'of the opportunity 'thus -afforded. l it, 1849, fr. N. P. Walker was induced by'various it. considerations to establish a school for thei e education at Cedar Springs, within our own r. State.,. The motive that prompted the.effort way at praiserorthy'in the highest degree, .His socese r .ider fe illieuttiei-helid- nehi rts to has been remarkable, but his means are limited te and wholly inadequate to meet the increasing id demands of the institution. I recommend ic e you the propriety of authorizing the commis. >e sioners of the deaf, dumb and blind, to purchase the establishment, and to place. upon it suel or additional conveniences and buildings as will :e make it efficient for the number of inmates whc of are likely to occupy the same, and to lease it to 'e. Mr. Walker, or some other suitable teacher, of ig to make some other arrangement which they of may deem the best, for the support and edeca: It tion of the inmates. It In this way the State may gradually and eco. ly nomically build up an establishment of her own ri. equal to the wants of these objects of hei :e sympathy. Is As part of the same scheme, I also recommend in that the same commissioners be authorized to rn provide for the reception and education of idiots a Until recent years, no effort his been made to it, relieve this most miserable and pitiable class of e human sufferera, because their condition . has et always been regarded ao utterly beyond the reaci iy of human benevolence. Modern philanthropy a which has achieved such wonderful triumphi ii ly ths. case of the mute, has at last conquered- the of misery of the poor, neglected, loathed' idiot.-Il e has been demonstrated by actual result-that the ii. idiot has "some-latent-germ of~ intellect, and i: - capable, under patient culture, of being. renderei Ie comparatively useful, domfortable and ..happy n, OI~the deplom-ble condition-of these unfortunati it. reatures, it would searcely be an exaggeratio: is to say that 'they are little better cared " for thai id the beats which perish." What joy will it no by impart to parents, whose homes are afflicted witi te the presence of the idiot- child,.to learn that rI- place has been provided to which 'he- might b he removed, and. as light is gradually let in upoi a his dark- soul, what blessings will they not-dnvoka :h on the State that thus mercifully dispenses iti ii- eharity. n.An interchange of opinion with aecveral'of t se Judges and distinguished lawyers, has induet he 'me, though not a member of the legal p'rofessior esi to bring to your consideration the~ propriety c ad ma'king a systeapatie revision of the statutes c be the State. . I rely with greati confidence on tis ib- judgment of those who have made. the law .thy he -study of their lives, and I trust I shall not bi de regarded as travelling beyond the sphere of -in, m- duty in urging upon you a matter that so -despi: ro- concerns every member of the common~esltl be I will not go into a statement of the many cor 1." siderations which to my mnind render such a worn rer desirable, and I might- add necessary,. in-'h iu- opinion both of the Bench and Bar of the.Stat-e - During the short Seerdons of the Legislaturi nd and in-the ordinary course of our legislativ Vi- proceedings, it is vain to expect that any thi rough amendment of the law upon even a fe' m. subjects, can be effected. If the subject sha to appear to your honorable bodies worthy of ai he tention, I bog leave to recommend,.that.:con tin. missioners of diligence and ability shialk .l ed. charged'-with the-duty of reporting to the legii me- lature for its consideration the general eleume 'ho tary provision for a revised .code of a statul Ily law, and some or all of the parts of such a cod' on -A mere compilation of statute law a it oxisi mr would necessarily be insufficient, and 'inwortl be of great or ; but if conomissioners entrusto ate with the necessary powers, should be requirt or, to report the nature and 'reasons of all t~ _changes they might suggest, they would beib is to d'evise a general scheme to which all the par ice could be conformed; arid their remiembrance ten the legislative sanction, which must preceed-1t1 ice validity or their iuggrestionh, would' restra be sufficiently any disposition on thenir part to e ,ins travaganit innovation. ur. I concur in the recommendatIon of my' pred ted cessor as to the propriety of repeah~ng our usui ted laws. These laws originated in ignoranee ai be prejudice; and, like all government restrictio Sof on trade, are inconsisfent, with the enuigtltend ted policy of the age. They chieck'-honest bidusti the and evaded, as they constantly are, afford mad the quate protection to those for whom-they we lee- enacted. Unprincipled men occasionally seti tri the plea to avoid their obligations, but the u ere fortunate, or the unwary, rarely have tima for di- tudo to face-the publi.disapprobationi.with whi dge such efforts are most generally visited..- Resti the tion on the use of money-often deprives inde .an.tt.ios ,men of- the- means -of- exitricating thtel Ie selves from'embarrassqptland preclpitates the. el ruin *hieh4lmely aid .might .bae arre$gsL :,It has betene, pever keeps of,.ths. levy :of the bheri, when heprdeds4spita Jrqs .toits iustiprseap; e p 6taa iehdegaJizedissy .wgu.4.qev~~r easse, I The trade in money should -be .a free as .the. , -tra4e in apyother comnodity. The. tietal dug t. ook of:tleeartb.does no, lose. its origins eharec a te b M sippitgdermspent! To theie IL ter by Uwtet.l~ C,~r~tt lt. is as oclsheprodget of ch-s 9a coteos. a. -iaoths plagter. Tjhere ass .ood. .reasoe for government to unplertkb to f-the value of th., - one as of the other. ;Both spe eechangeabi commodities and their prices should be'left ta be.regulated by the law of supply.and demand. By vartue.of cbartera,. assOeted capitalha per y mittid to realize eight, te, and even larger.p e ces.tag .W y shoul ndividpaeesptdl je,b 6 rpstrietedunder,a penalfy, to peven' per- ! ,. Ji be a question.o morals,. it is, difalt. comprehur- the. cod,. which in the-..oe .case; stigmaizes the ..bidividiat who .saeka ten per. ceatgor the us ..of li capital, as'ap'surer, and, in'the.pther.attempts to dignify the sqme prsdee a Iby. einjt dialsigia exebangs. Competition in money, as ip. everything else, minst operate. beneficially :pghe public at large.. These lawa have been abolished in the country from which we borrowed -them, and I think. the exalaple. wortby of Imitation.. . . recogpienda aitertio ..of .our enclospre. laws, as a measure demanded by oui- interees rand necessities as an agrkatdtural people.. When timber was abundant4a54- l~ut little. of. our soil brought into eltivationthese lawn may have been properiuti tlii itatlhange which has taken platein our cndition, bfltigsrulongwith [ it a necessity for-a corresponding change of our policy.. .The system =should' now be' reversed, = and-insfeadof-compelling the eultivator of the' soil to fence his crop, the- owner should 'be r.' I quired to .enclose his stock.- Tillage ik- our I great-interest, and should no longerbe-enbjdeted r to -a; tax -se-onetous and 'unneoeseiry. - is vastly-cheaper to fencelour-stock than our,ecop The time "and :timber annually- consumed In, building and repairing fencet,l($rhielr ?iir ice timated-would:amount.to-aoenormous !fe, is .o much.-capital literally - sunk, Fwith no return whatever-. The prodets--of the- soil will -ma ture as well without'as with-fences, and the law stould'aoteesthea-from the depredatiha sfhe stoek of the:country. We -are not .a-stock raisin-:people,- and. lif we were, our-jpresent method is the worst possible plan that.could be pursed, to neomplbsh the object. Achangopof our policy is desirable; considered -simply in reference todts-effect upon -stock. Their -Maio would- be greatly -enhaneed; for animsis,"like' human beings, thrive-in: oroportion-to-the-.'r bestowed upon them. I hazard little hsaying that in five year., tnder . the better treatment they would; receive,: tthe..entire stock of the Slate would bring more money in market than they would at this momebt, while in the mean time their value-as a moans .of enriching our imprverished iands wounld .be increased to, an extent almost incoinceivable. On the ofher hand, it ipdificalito-estimate the.advantag e t roiold -resuht~foumteqleelisting& . f be put to .the annual custom of burmng our forests for pasturage-a practice dangerous in itselr and injirious both to soil and timber. Liabililv to'accidents on our railroads would be [essinel, and our courts would be rid of the petty, and, I tear, demoralizing litigation grow ing out of the killing of stock. by these; roads. The land now taken up by fences--anl it is rich, and embraces thousands of acres over-the State, would be at once brought into cultivation. The time now wasted in the construction and repair of fenqos would be devoted to the im prov'ement of our farms. Th'e timber thiat is left in.our forests would become money to our people. - Such a law would infringe upon no man's right nor deprive him of a single privilege to which he is properly entitled. . It would -im. part new life to agriculture, give a new direction to its efforts and add largely to the aggregate wealth of the State. I know that there are portions of the State that do not, and perhaps may never, feel the necessity- of this change of our policy, but is it wise or just that the great permanent interest of. the State should be-saeri tied in mero deferenos toi .the mistaken and er roueous notions of our people on the subject of stock raising and its supposed privleges4 - An -application 'ill be made toyou for aid,:by the State Agricultural Society. The Legislature haa wisely cuntributed to the.medical association and the mechanics'.institute.- The -baisis of-.the organization of -this- society : affords reasonable grounds to hope that it wilfbe permanent; and I am sure you cannot hesitate to give substantl eneouraigemient to an interest whieb is the great source of our wealth, and whichg without inhr. mmingr-payes two-thirds of our annual taxes. I reedmwend the snm. pf ffive thousand 'dol lars be annually contributed to this soity,se lo.ng as it continues to exist- . - : B' The admInistration of our laws In relation to Sour colored population by'our courts of mnagis trates and free holders,- as these courts are at B. present conlstituted. calls loudly -fr- reforms. I Their -declasions are rarely in -conformity 'with ,justice ovdiumanity. -I have* felt-constrained, in - f .s.majority ofe Cases -brought to my notice, t either to mo ify the sentence, or: seritsaide Saltogether.. 1 recommend, -in all easses involving life, that the-trial of shave -and free persons of B. color-be held at the court house- of- the- district r :in whlich the offence is- cdmtnitted-that 'the. r :clerk, ordinary, and sheriff -of- the- district eoli istitute a court to. try such eases, and- that while - -thus employed they -be- allowed the usal per a diem. These officeers enjoy the co'hfidence of B the eomnmunity,-anid would be-'free -fro's neigh-< -borhood prejudice,-which too often stands in the , -way of-impartial justice. -The decisions of such a a tribunal would give satisfaction to the -publie, and afford ample protection to the master. It V *roald be a court. always at hand, and would 1possess the requisite intelligence and-humanity, qualities indisipensable in- those armed withithe - ower to pass upon the lifejnddeath of ahumnan S being, whatever be his condition- or complexion. - Should you deem it-proper to associatefree hot - ders,.then it might be the duty of these officers 5 to name six, (rpm whomw the defendent -ahould -have the right to.seleet three. Unanimity should a be regoirsl.in the verdieL. However -you.may r regard these suggestIons, I bring- the matter to ci your notice, under the strong co.uviction- that a reformtisasecessary. -- eThe legislation of the State in relationtc Sored seamen has leong - been a- matter of comn .plaint and remonstrance on - the part of foreign nations. So strong, indeed, has been the op.. Sposition to our laws on the subject, that at one ntime formal- proceedings were'instituted by the British Government to -teat theirvatldity. - That attelmpt to coerce the State into a relaxation of e-a policy deemed to be unauthorized -and- un. -yesai-tign;was uoon found to be an ill cdedss amovemient -and The proceeding were is abandoned as-.-formally:as they wereintttd 'I The tight of. the State to enferce, wihkin her 1 limlits, such- police laws as she may deo ssean e-] t to this public safety,i is-a right which South re ICarolina will never submit to the arbitriment of 'P a ny tribunai on earth. She does -not hold this n- Iright~y 4irtue of -written parehments, and she ~'recognises no resatraint- in its -exercise but such sh i ts is imposed by her own-sense of jestie and i-. proprietyi- So lona-hierightV5asuetoned adany dispositl-on manifested to-interfere with n- .ts,..e...s., sonth-Carolins resolutealvmnalntain. la! stand fslly uiad l i4 tioq .New that, the spbjpwt is from-jtpu e . barrassment which the proe&dings nterrs r .thrptTys it,anwd en. to II no-19e gledes is~ tpo m.tha quesion dispssiontately..It is not- eear, o re,tr-t t:cio-auistalles.ou$ofW t org' :-l.norn moind. ypp of theY hie katn-place 'tit:s o . and.* ity-to meatthevery euwrgenIpy which the .w jntededAo' guard. - tha erW 8us ..=i tgv! k Qtdanaei~i dantered byits uoodilflea . 'e tl law is -to Prev 2i qft s m o ceudigry eent among shen Ut wodrdto, .I rpee.an. auty, tenrs o develomaaent. ash.law ew stands, cobocede may-visit ourporta, either hig the puvsit lawfulvocatios,.opibe driyea Into then by of weather,.are.eeIse, the aterii &n ae felo-rt ' he publig'set inmes'ath 4ecomin jai.to - mrtnr ~f~r ese.-listleritie' inop enntact.wlth orl own refge popp It , rvl4.be aw itMsed ifalien boe the pretence of tie aut pom.Itea, v is amt a .ts'oo ~oIety wiehthmu. es them, md? endeavor o chito the'' toyspirits amog whom 'h :are t Viwed in this lhi, tbet ih eertehitj end. Tbe.renedy is gone .th n the seeks to epre. lIscoebend that The law .be so modlli to rmit coldred sestie, t6e sub est ' to remain on board their vEISels,'ti allow'd 4ilaid whenever 'he4at'ers'of the set may teuiu'tn therteOlrnf a permit to- effect fri Mayi dthe" and that wbil on land y be subjecttid - ordiiary freltrietst aPli~ to the ative not = scpi'psltioen Bitch a odiienanrb31t aid. lieve t t( Wwrof allIt'ha sJleesi, i itst s proiing'oad-ighter endahgering noid ~as* gdit.:. -Blioid oar condetned, wMoliisetii6 thds nieh " lmsoe'who Bleek utf ohkate Mine' Iy relations with us, be abased, and'the'odl la befod-te iwdrk badly,-it:wiLa*Itipbite un'der the dodtrol of th'Isi g1slatutefund eia O as'enrdtfly isepeaflbe a-s : Slvery Tor hier saults-to-gaaattagaiset'tifn anyliktelyfowrls fani allowing a'few. e'oereieooks ad er4t to laud on; der shores, :and-he weanh rttist than strengthen -the institutide-by attempthwg Oi hedge it arodnd with any userebe:propd Whirtethtte ablitionistsiaragermitted'toweat and go among no with hmpunity, wetbay4ohm ate'tho oedodl or :seeidentatl pis gee'ef e few fr-be-negroes fren.'ereign eouia .yh . natieism has afide~to Overitirow 'the insf ~t blr have thus- far served but to strengthen it in thos' sonfdense-and-afeetions of-oar people. "While we continue to discharge-our true obi' tion. td: our slaves; *their loyality and- fdelity -W ean unshaken. The colored hireling who may vists as will see much in their condition to envy. W may realize the important truth that liberrty shorn of all its rights, is bt-ta -mi'erable boon, compared withr their substantial comforts -knid happy existence. i herewith transmit resolutions from the-State of Rhode Island and Connecticut. .1 received' certain resolutions froum the State of Masaehwhm setts, which- I returned to the dovernorif tist State. Had Massachusetts confined herself te resolutions expressive of her feelings-and par. poses in re stion to slavery, impertinent 1sJw may have.regarded them, I would have iee'ed hem - witr indifference, and, transmitted, thes without comment; but I consider tnesets of her late Legislature as an insult and an outrage upon every -member of the Confedenrey, Miho hsaright to demand the enfordedient ef th re siv lave set. A-State whose Llegislatume deliberately, unblushingly, .imnpiously, -.iolates hereost~tuioalobligatios, and whosepeh reitthe exec-ution of law, even to the.hdde fboois not entitled to comity fromn us ;a ehneof civilitiers -with a people who fleettta bnodisgrace to prevent the recovery of stolen property, will hardly reclaim the faithless, andid. incompatible with the. respect whisk honesy . Te aitaionin~elaionto slavery continus o increase, and is rapidly tending~to its blody termnation. Measures which it was hoped~bp somewonld. give quiet to the country and dig. nity to its deliberations, have served but tore. double the ef forse andlaugment the power of ahes liion. Civil-war .is a direful culamuity,s bnt Its sonrges are to be endored- in peerence to de gradation and rein...The peop e oftenth CS, Maresalive to the issus, ad. ate miudfataf their gbligations. .--They are calm becess they are' prepared' and self-reliant. They- have not forgotten their history, and they will not fall to vindcate its teaching'.. The right "to provide new gu fd or their Auture security," has been seale by the blood of their ancestors, audsit wiU never be surrendered. Come what. may, &' they will do their duty. and leave the- eons. quences to God." .. -J. B. AD)AM& - TiE Faxous GioRGE liaw MUuEETs.--We learn, from god authority, that the Russistss Government liapurchased the above.Bresermis -100,000 old United States musketwe belles. --and-the same are now -in process of alteration into semi-MInie rifles, at Co's 'establishmea, Hartford, Connecticut. It is a singular- .Ss, that the chief belligerent. parties in tr 'present European war, have come to the city of Hart ford, Connecticut. .to: obtain their beat urene. Messrs. Robbins ds Lawrence are turning .out over 1,000 rifles per month for the Sharp'a8.ihe Company, of that place, on an English contract, besedes a large quantity of.other arum'Ecs sivi additions have been made to their worki by the erection of new bulldings, and, Ifite wr' continues, .further etgllsions will be inade.-. Scientifle American. .. Naar~zox I. 230 3ns SUCessaoa.-A haris correspondent of thie New York Post witetto follows: .. " The Emperor is excesshly r'es~rved-dds not seeany one, and grants no audience. 'lge. sonas" of high .degree have sougbt an futer irew In vain. It is said, bkut-I do not knowwIth. what-truth, that he wears a e 'Twdthast. was thia very cuiras whI~h turpe -the 47f1 ef Planori. It Is further itat'ed that hsbn mile his wWl-according to whih, IF the shiM, wheth. era boy orqgirl, to whic teh ''m~ise- gitt shortly give birth, should dietindif sate 8di& of Napoleon IHI. hes shoul'dk~n hafdifieehtr, Fran.. is agin to beconie a-R1publi tiieuhief of whiph a tu be Prince Napolet,wtur1br &ts reason, affets Demperatic tendenee., - .HABn.TOKl.P. BEE, sq. , I h 9pehr of the House. of Rlepresentatihea in Texas; Hs i . South C.analta. - .--~