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IS FUBLISHED EVERY WEDNESDAY BY W. F. DURISOE, Proprietor, TERIMS.-Two DOLLARS per year, if paid in advance-Two DOLLARS and Fxrry CENTS if not paid in six months-and TjiaE DOLLARS if not paid before the espiration of the year. All subscriptions not distinctly limited at the time of iubscribing, .will be considered as made for an in definitipoierd, and will be continued until all arrearages arb paid, or at the option of the Pub lisher. Subscriptions'from other..States must be accompanied 1with the cash or reference to some one known to us. ADvJCaTZisr.fra will be'conspicuonslyinserted at 75 cendKpeiFSquare (12lines or less,) for thefirst insertion'nd-37214 for esh subsequent insertion. When oi-,published Monithly or -Quarterly, One Dollar persquaks4l 4_q44arged. All Advertise ments no: "di6 number of insertions marked o "Will be continued until forbid and.e H'accordingly. Those dieiiing to advertise bythe year can do so on liberal. terms.-it being distinctly under stood that contracts for yearly advertising are con fined to the immediate, legitimate business of the firm or individual contracting. Transient Adyer tisements must be paid forinii.dvmnce. For aunatning a Cinidldte, Three Dollars, in advane. For Advcrsing Estrays Tolled, Two Dollars, to be paiadythe vertising. it, Tuesday.g, 1851. Saen tr the usual routine of e ss,the resolution ofMr. Brad r, ning removals from office, was U66by 'Mr. Mangum. Mr. Ewing ob the Woor for to-day, and the Senate . o ntatives, Mr, Ro i . nthe sub reillII.. Ap eprompt hebountLax' i Iv, passed r~eiate, its further * t , poned until Thursday -asked leave to present a early meeting of the reli ti-slavery Friends in Indi enerally, and the Fugi ieular. He desired it to ittee, with instructions e repeal of that law. d to suspend the rules for icated-yeas 68, nays 119. c establishment of a Board of made the special order of the day January; and Mr. Bayly re supply deficiencies in the ap e tiscal year ending June Wednesday, Jan. 8. I, the Committee on Public adversely on the joint resolu se, which declares that no act of September 28, 1851, grant S.bo ylands to certain oflicers and Sol beconstrutedas prohibiting an t of military land warrants. After dbury's resolulion was further essrs. Ewing, CasAZ dbury, nd Downs. In the House of Representatives nearly an hour was consumed in the consideration 64i motion made by Mr. Julian to amend the journal; and the remainder of the sitting was consumed with the New Hampshire contested election case. January 9. In the Scnate, Mr. Houston appeared for -1the first time this session. lHe is evidently disposed to take matters easily, intending to reserve his energies for the Presidential cam - rstd iast year on suispicion of a design o: thte life of Mr. Clay. He received a conipen stion of a hundred dollars, and now want athousand or thereabouts. The Senate, be ig desirous of preventing any further annoi ance, rejected the pra:yer of the petitioner. Mr. Shields, from the Committee on Pula lie Lands, reported back, without ameudmnen1 the bill granting alternate sections of th' public land to Floridat, to aid in the construe lion of a Railroad from the Atlantic to th, Gnf of Mexico. Mr. Underwood moved to take up the join resolution c-f the house, making bounty laui warrants assignable. A fter debate. hiowevel the motion wvas withdrawn, but will be rc newed to-morrow. It appears though thi Secretary of the Interior has made u tp hi md to issue no warrants until Congres ' shall have decided upon the question of as signment. -rTe consideration of the bill for settlin; private land claims in California, was then ie sumed. Mr. Gwin spoke for sonme hoturs in opposi tion to the pending amendmetnt of Mr. Bien ton, and the latter replied. The subject wa then laid over till to-morrow. In the House, the Miletary Academyv bill the Navy Pension bill, the Revolutionar: Pension bill, the Post Oflice and othier A ppro priation bills, were reported from the Comi taittee on Ways and leatns, and referred to: Committee of the Whole. After the disposal of seome private matter: the Hlouse, at an early hotur, aidjourned. This morninig as soon as the Speaker de clared the Hlouse adjourned, there was, all o a sudden, a general rush into the space be hind the Chair, and nearly a hundred mnembers wore seen crowding round and shaking handcl with a very modest looking gentleman, t< wit: Mr. Holloway, the Representative fron Duchess County, New York. There wm such laughing, congratulatory speeches :i excitement that people wondered what couk be the matter. On inquiry, however, it up )~ . peared that Mr. H. yesterd'ay perpet ratedl ma: trimiony, lhe being a Free Soiler, and the lady of his choice being a Marylander owning number of slaves. This shows how much Free Soilism is worth when it comes in con tact with the silken cords of Cupid. The slab eontributed by South Carolina and which a few months ago was so wantonly defaced by some miscreant, is now nearly re stored to its former state. The expense will be over sixty dollars. Another new daily paper, to be publishied in Washington City, is talked of. It will support General Scott for the Presidency. January 10. In the Senate, a bill to authorize the State of Wisconsin to select the residue of the land to which that State is entitled under the act of the 8th August, 1846, to aid in the im provement of the Fox and Wisconsin rivers, was reported from the comtmittee on public lands, and debated by Messrs. Dawson, Walk er, Foote, Dodge, of Wisconsin, Cass, and Underwood. The bill was then ordered t c be engrossed, by a vote of yeas 32, nays 10. The Senate then adjourned till Moiiday. In the House of Representatives several bills were introduced and appropriately re ferred. The consideration of the New Hanmp shire contested election case was termiinated by declaring Mr. Morrison, (Democrat,) thec sitting member from the third Congressional district of that State, entitled to fill the va. cancy occasioned by the resignation of Gen. James Wilson. Mr. Jared Perkins (Whtig) was the contestant. Many are willing enough to wound, who are yet afraid to strike. EDGEFIELD, 8. C. THURSDAY, JANUARY 16, 1851. grWe adiiit9n request the article signed "ALGERKOd SjDirEY," but we are far from ap. proving the sentiments it contains. VALEDICTORY. Turs-issue closes ie ffteenth ,olume of the Adviser, aid with it, the undersigned ends his Editoria career. 'vate matters of importance, and a desire f' evote;ihnself more exclusively to his prfession, ure him from an occupation, Which has been both agreeable and instructive. . Tobis contemporaries, from whom he has reebid uniform courtesy, and many valuable suggestions on matters of public policy, he tenders a agl farewell! His piers ant assoeiationi wthth'iem-utheir marks of kindness to him e impressions, on which, in future, his memory will dwell with fond ness. In bidding adieu to the patrons of the Ad rertiser, it would be affectation to coceal the emotions of regret felt on the separation. Communion with them for two years, in thought and sentiment, has created attach ments that can be broken only with pain. The undersigned feels deeply sensible of the kind indulgence with which they.h ,egard ed the many imperfections of PaEditoritt labors, and ackdowledges the lasting obliga tions under which, in other respects, manyof them have placed him. From the interestihey have taken ih the Adrertiser, during his con nection with it, he is led to hope tha, his ef forts to render the paper useful",litive not been altogether in vain. If he has'igt with success in imparting to it something of an elevated moral tone, and in rendering it a faithful organ-of the District in political af fairs, his expectatiors have been realized. That he has not been able to give it fully the character it should have as a public Journal of the District, he but too deeply feels. Under the superintendenee of the new Editor, Col. ARTHun Sxiwcis, who now takes charge of it, higher hopes may .be in dulged. In leaving the paper, it gives pleas ure to know, that it will be placed under the direction of a gentleman, whose varied at tainments, and whose polished pen, will irm part to it additional interest, and will render it, doubtless, more iceeptable to the public. generally. With sincerest wishes -for the con success of the Advertiser, the undo i now offers its readers and patrons an tionate farewell! W. C. MORAGN EDGEFIELD FE3AL TE TirE exercises of sumed on Monday la auspices. A numbe tion to thosa nr.-A a niise of brilliant sucaess. Thie inn. - partment is, we are glad to learn, well sus~ Stained. TIhe ability with which it is filled, - ought to place its success beyond doubt. Mrs. NICHOtts is known to be highly skilled -on the Piano, and Miss RARtTLETT, to have much experience on the Harp and Piano. . 3Miss HiAnnisTos, also, is, we arc informed, 3equaLlly skilled on the Piamno and Guitar. She teaches also painting in oil. Miss BAnT L.ETT teaches in addition to music, French, ., Gernman, and Painting. 31iss PE1.oT, who - was in the Institute last year, and who hati Sexperience ras an instructress, has charge of the primary department. With these valua . ble assistants, Prof. Nienott~s, whose reputa tion as an Instructor of youth is now well established in our community, places it in the - power of parents in the District to give their . da~ughters a substantial and finished educa - tio~n near home. To those at a distance who Smay wish to send their daughters to the In stitute we may alnost guaranty, that they .' will not be disappointed in the faicilities af - forded for their education. The healthful - ness of our village, the convenience of good boarding, and the superior advantages of the school, offer no slight inducements to their patronage. In leaving the Editorial chair, we record our sincere wishes for the long rcontinued success of thc Institute, and our ardent hopes, that the Parents of the Dis. triet, will wvatch and nurture it as a publie >nursiery : as a gardeni of science in which the lovely flowers of the land may be trained in the true comeliness of their being.* (Ol'RTS OF~ APPEAL. TnE~ Law and Equity Courts of Appeal convenecd in Charleston en Mionday last. Law Court of Appeals.-Prcsent, O'NEAL.L, EvANs, D. L.. WVARDLAw-, FROST, WI1TnERS5, WIITNER, .Justices. Equity Cou ri <f A ppcals.-Pre-sent, Jon sTON, DUNKIs, F. H. WVARDLAw, Chancellors. T HlE CONV ENTIO5. By an act passed at the last Session of our Legislature, as many of the readers of the Advertiser are aware, Delegates arc to be elected by the people of the different Districts of the State, on the second Monday in Feb ruary next, for a Convention of the people of the State to assemble at some future day. Our readers will see a card in this paper from the members of the Legislature, touching the matter, to which we invite their special at tention. They will also find a number of names in another column, that have been put in nomination for seats in the Convention. Our District will be entitled to seven dele gates. This is a matter of very great importance to the people of the District, and it is rea sonable to suppose they will evince an inter st in it commensurate with its importance. The Convention assembled, will have large powers, and will hold in its grasp the political destinies of the State. It will have to deter mine, whether the State will longer submit to the m.-s wrmngs inflicted on her by the GenietalGovernmef; o a ti 1 n go'r whether, in eda . e utir Statemoves, she will resoitto jeparate Stil action, and seek her independence out of the Union. In a word, it will have to determinc whether the State will secede or submit; and as we think 'there is oly a probability of some o' Southern States moving with ours, it may be well to look at the matter a to-consequences of separate State Secession it is' -tthe true interests of our people th ublic should look at this question in all thes.e bearing S eaect, calling the Con.' vention, does nolrimit the Convention in these matters. :h 43eople will have it all in their own power. The Legislature by ap propriating $300,000 to put athe State in a condition of defence, has shown incontestibly that it looked to consequences; and if it did not do e Fit shotld hav done, it d eno I event%,f'" the attention of the o to , yeapction, and to'induce the ople -o pre th'eir mings for the dkercise ot 61highet sovereign Such being the character -'o lations and of the C neld; it is of the last,'conseee b personbet-el teiei in that Convetion. Ti i moderation , e gh e who .can harmo p e haveno political to indug will161b lelyt6 theod of~tho country -b above -, -ithi~~ fear tlie re it Stati action: who will b - iii the right wa and at the right time, idly to in ards of separate *O e ' "We eainot but thiAi h jeople should know 'bere 8en ments of the differeitcan ris points. But 'a the ould have thIE}j in the premises..It right;buVhi6 ow thautgilid e crt* Oin, ev n intechangs opportuni rus C 'A -~ ei~iie~h 5the Dis mehr1lis~p, and men ma: Eualittlem~ilizussaithird~of .ht 019ld.0O questions h iflve thi lbe approved by the largest possible numbi :of eters. -.4. MELAICHOLY DEAnr.-A case of remore of conscience has been related to us. TI wife of Mr.-, or Woodward township,i this country had been lingering in an illness fI several months previous to her death whic occurred about three wecks ago. She w: often dependant on her neighbors for wh:i attentions she received. 11cr husband oth left her alone for daiys at a time, and whc he would return it was not to make her sie bed cheerful by those attentions which a kin heart would render and a cenfiding compm ion would expect. Whilst away, his wil died. IIe. was sent for immediately; but, be ing slow to come, he found her hnried, whe he arrived, lie had the body dug up fro the grave. He gazed upon the features< the dead a moment and then ordered the rt mains to be restored to the earth. lieretur. ed to his labor, but the memory of' hisi treatment to her haunted him in his moment of laibor and rest. His mind became a wreec lie grew crazy and gnawed the very flet from his body. Even in his insanity he wa a preCy to remorse. Ilis system soon yield to the influence of sympathy, and in tw weeks from the time when lie last look upo the coffin of his wife, hie had taken his plae by her side in the grave. Mr.--was a ma~ of some property, was industrious, savin, honest, and alt ogether a better citizen than husband. He has never, pterhaps, learnedt " bear and forbear," and had faile~d to trai his heart to endure the domestic trials whie distinguish the life of the mere citizen frof that of the head of a family.-Clinton (Pa. Democrat. DEA~TH OF THE HION. TIIoiAS SPADNc. The death of this wecll known and di.stii guished citizen of Georgia, took place on th 4th inst. at Ashantilly, near Darien, at the resi dence of his son, Charles Spalding, esq. Thue deceased was '76 years 9 months and 1: days old at the time of his death. Mr. Spald ing has taken an active pamrt in the polities Georgia, for the lamst 50 years, and was a pron inient and influential member of the Demen ertie party, Hie was President of' the lat Georgia convention, and as lhe passed througl our city on his way to Milledgeville lie rc marked to a friend, that it wvould be the las act of his political life, Hie wais very feel when wve saw him, and never returned to hi home. Thus has passed to the tomb, f'ullo years and honor, anmother of Georgia's wor thiest sons.-Savannh News. FATAL RENCot'NTRE xN MACoN.-We learl from a private despatch, says the Savannal Republican of the 7th inst., that a difficult; ocurred in Macan, Sunday evening, bet wee1 WV. I. Hughes and T. Knight, Jr. which re sulted in the death of the former. This de spatch says that Knight maide some insinua tions about the defeat of Hlughes, who Wa a candidate at the municipal election onSa urday, which produced harsh words betwee them; and Hughes struck Knight and seize< him by the throat. when K. shot him. Hughe died in a few minutes. Aihr. Hughes is thi person who went to Boston in quest of thm fugitives, and Mr. Knight is the brother the one who accompanied him.--State: Rights Republican. CrxcxxNATI is not only a greait place fo slaughtering hogs, but Cincinnati editors ai great at describing the operation, as the fo lowing from the Commercial will prove: " The cries of swinish death now echo thrc the cireumjaeent vallies, and the rivulet around are incarnadined with the gore of th , tt : - To t District. Asyou resentat atthe Legisla ture, we it tb b f i trto call your earlynd arnet to perhaps the mostji- aelt;, of tion, which h:as ma tory o tate: We allude to th ed ,t ! astf Session, " to pro, of Deputies to a S S, andt Convention "0 lb- of this S ur chief rea aii 'f_; .0 'communi that in the go ~ inary pub n of the Act of rIth p not have rc ceivda as to the provi sionsf e have alluded, until after y ave e most important election for vhich-itip The Act, in accordaj ith tihc recoin mnendation of the Naibi Convention, pro vides, for the apponti u Eghteen De ties to repreent this S any Conress of the Southern States ch mayntemblt four 'byt' Legislature' tsco by the voters onChonuressionalD" ice in the State. The four. wvere electea4# the Legislature, and the, other fourteenQ to toe chosenl inl Srespective Conar e hal Districts, on the e?~cond Monday in Kber next, and the The Actinao The Ac ects the Goer rrespond with xeCeutives of the tie to rersn thi - angCnges of Sthern Stas a urgh e that the proposed gs d at the city o Montomnri the of Alabama, oil the 2d day of Januar, 2. The Act further pr that a ConrLsa tion of the PeqWkoftlfli'it I hd ~ ii' for the purposu t c mendtione of the a t shall beheold, and f sideri epntion te u oent ein new of her rea onment of the Ur of Aamo to take crc that th tha o arolina, shall suf ~ ~ ~ The election of t~ on, is ordered to brrynext, anagers of I n of the Stat to electas M nators and R1 re. The timn, onvention it no ted from a de e Southern Co dicated the p Would meet, anc such period if fix e changed to sr, other Stag.s coi - seen that there v in the Act,.the should meet. And, therefori -S,'thern Conrr Session of thc shall, by proclar 3 tion; bu4if.-t * m~'eanj mA, ra have the pou~ tr shall fix the tia vention. SThe undc'-si e passed the in viding for c r of this Sta - sending of ' it and they d n the State nand they 1 dState thus nem- sumouII ij- *. . . all the vital ques;tions of Southe'rn Cor,?irs re Southecrn Con federac, and s eesssion. Tha Bill from the Senate received the support a large majority of the House, but not qit ~fthe const itutional majorit, of /ro-thirds, ain ~-after all hope of the passage of that bill ha:a 1- flailed, the bill uniting the Southecrn Congres and Convention, was deemed the b~est shapi in u hieh the whole subject could be left, am h was finally adopted with greait unanim't:. *8 in both Houses. We regret to see that a d attempt has been made to cre.tte the impjres nsion, that the " recent Legislature" intende< eby the Act to which we have calhad your at n tention, to create confus;ion. or mahe it imbe is elle. Although as we have saidl, we prfrret a the Bill from the Senate, we do not believe n that any such intention cnn be fa:-ly imput:< h to those who preferred the measure whaie n ul'imately passed. Those who opposed the Bill simp~lly calling a Convention, were t1h warma advocates of ai Southern Con;;ress, a: -leading to secession and a Southern Conifede racy, and expresssd the opinion, that tim State ought not to be put ini Convention, unti - the time had arrived to .secede, with the view Sto enter that Confederacy. On the othei jside it was urged, that the Staite had pledgei -itself to follow thme lend of any of the ng -grieved States in resisting the encroaichmenti e of the Federal Governument, and that it wa Sdue to her character and p)ositionm, to marei Sup to the side of the nobile State of alii e sippli, whose Legislature had already called: s. Conrention of her people, :md be ready ti act promptly in conjuetion with that State, 01 any other which might adopt an eflicien remedy. ae ebelieved that South Carolina could not Ii consistently with her declared intentionse, re main in aL Union which sought to oppress ani .degrade her, and our object was to place lie -in her sorcign position in Conrenztion, ii -which position she could with propriety awai! S the action of thme proposed Southern Con. gress, and at the same time be ready to niee :1 any contingency that might presenit itself. B And in the event that no such Conigressa wva o convened, and all efforts to secure the umnior of the other Southern States should Iail, shi ' might adopt the course which the wisdomn o: her people might determine to be best. Be r lieving that the State wvould pursue a polie) a which her reputation demanded; we have put - her in her highest political position, and wt hatve iiot hesitated to vote the necessary sup plies of money to organize her miilitamry re Ssources, with the view of sustaining her it ny ourma whinh sh e n dont. We have endeavored to meet the issue, to became your Representatives, and we trust that we have discharged our duties, with no disposition to evade any responsibility. Ve have no fears that you will not properly dis charge the solemn duties now devolved upon you. On the 2d MIonday in February, and the day following, you will elect seven dele gates to represent this District in the Conven tion. :d whell VV Say to you, that that Con vention w:.i hold in itshands the sovereign power of the State, and in virtue of that power will be ehILd to decide the most vital question which the State has met since the American Revolu;ion, W&e hve said enongh,! we know, to induce you at once to give your serious, undivided and devoted attention to this great subject. We trust that yo'i will not take it amits, if we suggest to you, that in our opinion, you ought to select for this duty, men of wisdom, men who are identified with your soil, and who may justly share your confidence, and by all means, men of the true staip and right metal. N. L. GRIFFIN, ABRAM JONES, JOSEPII ABNEY, GEO. A. ADDISON, WM. D. JENNINGS, JOHN R. WEVER. From the South Carolinian. The Convention and its Consequencos. We are on the eve of selecting delegates to a convention which may be the most im port:nt in its results that ever assembled in South Carolina. Has public attention been nfr 4. 1"" .ler which irst place, it conven y next. . on us. .ed round represent is dear to onventiion ids, and is iest y such - ople, when say that they -rvants have, in "sumned to limit teir judgmecnt g t ry govrnmen aysy tisn nergy nd su ay t theye 1rvits e, in wthr oufgmntl -imenti eient 51 cand the Scat org ana he.f tL w theverlse tolb lite thex or a yeouhern~f the purpose of n Congress does 10 power to call thre Convenution t ogethter. And the very act itselfI coutemiplates that the meeting of sarid Congres; shall no)t take placee until the 2d day fof .rmuarv, 1 852 ; for the 9th sectioin ex phressly surgcests that day, and the city of Montg~omnery as the proper plamce. It is plamin that the intention was to elect the members to the Cnvetio a1 year betibre it could aissemnble. Will this bie a~ represen. t::tion fresh froma the people ? llow many questions mayr airise between the election' and the assemlhing of the eutn vent ion of the deepest imiportanee? The whole ismes before the country may be in thet cha nged. Are thmese members, thus to be elected niow, the sole depository of sov ereign power ill Souih Carrolina for more th:m a year ? If new questions of vitarl mo1 - ment :ari~e in the nmeantime, rest assured they w ~ill assume juri-diction. Th'lere never has been' sineh a convenitionl organized before, and let t he canntwry, look u-eli to whou are to consti tuie liea! rorentlion. Every mn:m of famil y or propert~y wvill have a stake that may yet cause hhn~ to) trembille in the progress of events. T1hiere is confusion ahead. The vessel of State ird bel'ore the breezec with breakers athwarit hecr bow. It will require a stern and steadi' piot, withi a ciear isighit and thorough knowledge, to save her from a rocky anid Icheerless coaist. The firing of onle hundred guns for the convention bill may be too soon. This Tro jan horse ma1 y be in reality an innocent thing; I bt it mar, too, bear ill its sides armed men, not to dei'end the liberties of Troy, but to Ibear conistenation and confusion amontest ou01rselves. Was it intended to limit the meeting of the convention to the condition of the Sout hern Conmgress assembling, and then to conisider and ratify whart they should do ? Sonmc parts of the bill seem to leek to this, and it may be that this was ini fact meant. The truth is, the fixing of a day was an es sential part of orgamizing a convention. The Iday being fixed, would confine ittio the issues then before the State. The election and thme assembling of the conrention oughit to be unear toeh:,so that the people, in famct, by the ee ti'n, could dhecide in reality upon the issucs then made. T here can be 110 true representa ton o f sorrrein power wcithout this. Fixing a day certain is an essential part of any legal convyentionl. There is nowv danger of us sink ing inito imbecility on one side, or of irregu lar and convulsive movements on the othecr. The convention act seems to assume that there can~ be no contingency in which the con v-ent inn e:mn be called befoire 2d January, 1852; for in this very aict that is the day fixed or sugtgested for thme assenibling of theSouthern Congress, at Montgomery ; and tihe meeting of our State convenltion is expressly limiited to the contingency of thatt Southern Congress first meeting. 'Ihe power of the Governor to call it together is limited to the assembling of that Congress; and in ease it is not so called, then the Legish~iure, at its next ses sion, inl December,'1851, may, by a simle "iimajotity," fix the day. Can a simple ma jority of the Legislatture fix the day ? The consiitti declares that a vote of two-thirds is neces-ar to al .a ceninon. The fixing of a day for it to assemble or nkct is essen tial to its very existence-a daj certain, un der existing issues, when the leetion is to take place, (in February next,l is v:ital in principle. To elect now and meet in 1852 is not a convention representing tfe sovereign will of the people upon questions involving perhaps the existence of the Sta e itself. The circumstances may be so clkanged in a year, the issues may be'so varied Py all con tingent questions that may :rise, that an ex pression of opinion by the people ' Februn ry next mny not be the same at all Ts it might be a year hence. We are in the commence ment of great events-it may be the eve of a revolution-the formation of a new ei pire ; and, under these circumstances, the day for the assemb!ing of such a convention ought to be fixed and certain. The fact is it is rital, and many in the Legiblature who vo ted eagerly for its call and for this bill, will, by tle meeting of the next session of th Legislature, take the ground t quire two-thirds tofix theday Mark the prediction. 'rere is a feeling in a large populous portion of South Carolina, litical power is not settled and adjusted upon principles of justice and equality in the State. Recent events have not weakened that feeling. There is also a feeling among many reflecting men that the recent Legislature rather en deavored to shift the responsibilities of their position to a convention not definitely organ ized; and from the length of time between the election of it and its assembling, it may have been intended to create confusion or make it imbecile. Many, no doubt, voted at the close of an excited session, because they " thought it the best they could get;" and many voted with out examining minutely the bill. But its now being passed will place the people in a situation eminently critical, and the members that may be elected may have the most painful responsibility to discharge. We hope every part of the State will send their truest and best men to that convention, if it ever meets; but most especially do we conjure every district, above a line drawn from Hamburg to Cheraw, in the State to take care and see that their ablest and most experienced men are sent. The representa tion in the State has recently been adjusted under the State census of 1819 and under the taxes of 1849, and that adjustment stands un til 1859. Yet the recent tax law will raise I' 1iould chancre essentially represen - ion this basis, -f that the taxa 7 - 1 axation of the A one representa -g-second part that the .,0ja district bears to the Pis the whole State, it is en - r representative. This is the h'ijlical and wisest basis of repre ever conceived of in constitutional fgovernment. It was at first adopted as a com promise between what was at the time (1808) called the low country and up country inter. est. In the early settlement of South Caro. lina, the up country or western part of the State was denied all representation; but in the progress of events they were admitted. Finally the excitement extended in a elamor for popular liberty, which brought the State to the verge of a'revolution. Robert Good. low IHarper, from the old "96" district, wrote a pamphlet in favor of extending rights to the up country, that produced intense ex itement. He was elected to Congress, and, heclieve. to seats in the Legislature from ai om a ditd, all* at esnndatewad moved to Bahti inore, a'dbecame Attorney General of the United States. Col. Alston, from near Georgetown, afterwards Governor, took the side of the uip country, in favor of enlarging their representattion. The great William Lowdes-the purest and one of the greatest men that ever blessed his country-made ,his first speech in the Legislature on the compro mise and the general philosophy of govern. ment. It is said to have been, from tradition, fill of wisdom and patriotism. Col. Bilan ding, afterwvards so distinguished in our State as a jurist. was in that Legislature, and it is said drew the compromise in our constitution for i808, wvhich settled the excitinig questions upon the presen~t basis. Mr. Lowndes' speech covered all the grounds ith matured wvis dom, and Col. Bla:ndinmg's proposition was adopted. This is believed to be a brief' his tory of thme conmpronmise. Sin~ce then the State ha.s vamstly changed. Education and in telligence with wealthlm ave- gone into the up. per country. Even in slaives the " upper di vsion " o'f the State has more than the "lower division." And it' the Legislature were to change the objects of' taxation, it would change represenmtationi in thme State. Below a certain line there is a different mnode of valuation and taxamion on land, and if that were equ alized it would changre re'presenta tion. T1he Legislature is not confined to any particular objects of' taxation. Maniy sup poe thait the compiromise was made upon slaves being taxed, anmd therefore represented. Not so at all. It is a far wiser amnd profound er princeiple, amnd pervades every form of' so ciety' that may arise. It is, that taxation and reresentatiolt shi:dl follow each ot her. No matter how weamlth may change or how it may be distributed-no matter from what the gov. enent mayv raise taxes-still the principle at taches, andl it is the true basis of conserva timn and regulated liberty. But mere territo rial representation in theSenate is a dityerert matter. Let thme Legislature select the prop er objects of' taxation wiithi wisdom and jus tie, anud 1 hope the r-eal compromise of our constitution will never be disturbed. We are approaching a juncture in our af tirs where wvisdom and tirmnness may be of the gravest importaince to South Carolina. A convention of the people to represent then sovereignty is to be elected 2d Monday in February next, and not to assemble for a year thereafter; and no nman can tell what ques tions may arise in the meantime, and what issues they may be forced to decide. It puts us in a crifical and uncertain position, from the want of distinctness as to its objects, and the want of a definite time for it to meet. Let t he State bc sure as to the men who are to com pose that bodU. Our feelings and rights have wantonly spurned and defied by the legislation of Con ress, as well as by our co-States in the Con federacy. We have a great confiet to meet sooner or later. It is a contest between two distinct orders of civilization-the one rest ing upon the basis of free soil and individual equality, and the other resting upon domestic servitude. As population grows dense, and society' becomes pressed downa into its differ ent classificationis, this conflict will become deadly. It will be a struggle for powver on one hand and for existence on the other. Those who suppose that it can be avoided by palliatives sec but the surface of things. It springs from the difference in our soeci sys tems. All ehitsses in the free States, from the schoolnaster up to the minister, are train ed tup with bitter and hostile feelings to us and to our institutions. It first sprung from the philosophy of the French school, taught before their great revolution. It arose in thme dr..a......Rousneaun. and brenthed forth in Lhe cynical sarcasm and levelling doctrines of Voltaire. Under such philoso phy the rev olution broke forth, and converte the Frensli people into a nation of wild propogandists Even Franklin and Jefferson beemne deeply imbued with their doctrines. And now the whole North begin to believe that they are the elect people of Providence, chosen for the express purpose of preaching the political re demption and regeneration of mankind, of every clime and color. Formerly, the great struggle in the history' of nations was for the people to nequire and. sustain their personal rights. The Magna Charta, the trial by jury, the habeas.corpus, 3 as burnt into the British constitution, all se cure those rights beyond contingency; and we have long sinee passed that stage in the progress of civil liberty. The great struggle-, now is to preserve and maintain the separate rih ' dependent communities. There egulated liberty but what springs -ants and necessities of society nature of its organization; nt under different cir stem of govern. aro ti'Vermont would be as ile'as o, tte optto plant the orange tree the frozen a of the Green Mountains, expecting it to and to attempt to introduce a system of theo retical government, suited to-, Ohio, for- the' people of South Carolina, would be-s nau- i: K seating as to feed us upon the whaleblubber upon which the EsquimauxJives. -No I -ii. lightened liberty consists in every people judging for themselves as to what forms of government or social institutions may best suit them. This Union is but a confederacy 'of sep rate and independent people, with- certain specified powers upon given subjects, leaving all vital and local interests exclusively unaer the control of the separate governments The Constitution itself was mado b the States as separate States; it can alone be tered or amended now by the States rate. They can make and unmake the organ ic laws of the confederacy. There is no power to alter or amend .the constitution but in the States. If the States should choose to withhold or not to elect a majority of Senators to send to the Senate, the government itself is at an end. The truth is, it is a government entirely dependent upon States, with totally different toeal inter ests. It is not a popular government, or de inocracy at all; for all its vital parts-its ex * mmndamental law-de Vnden lircly upon le ee of the confederacy are the estates of the realm; and, in any great emergency involking their rights under the organie compact by which they are connected, their sense must be taken and their power must be acknowledged, or there can be no reform in the government or no re-adjustment of the compact. Every constitutional lawyer aequaintea with''the struggles in Great 'Britinf6Y chartered liber ty, particularly under Chnrles-2'd and Jafs 2d, will at once comprehend-the full mesing of the estates of the realm. There can be ndecharteied liberty without separate estates, with power to enforee 'the provisions of the charter. No charteri.or.no governMent created under it, will enfoieits own provisions and preserve its original puri ty, without practical power'somewhere repo. sing in the community. to enforceits obser vance. That power under our system restf with the States. And this is the im*ofe ment wve have made over European 'libirt . We can re-adjust the compact or we can dis. solve it. Even if the slaveholdin~ States -na fdr finally to form n'separate cosgf '. may form- a league o - Northern States, upon which thef can adjus~ their intercourse by mutual agreemets~of'4' interest, by which thiey may be able to avoid 4 the necessity of fortifying the whole oppme interior line between us, and also to~define our mutual intercourse with foreign nitions. This will involve the consid'eration of great questions that will arise in the progress of events, and may be considered as they arise. But I forbear at present. Cloud. and dark ness rest upon the future. The starof-Soiith Carolina now twinkles and flashes amid the bright constellation that blazes on the ban ner of the Union; but come what may, in any and every emergency, to That star alone I swrear undi idled allegiance, now and forever, let it rise where it may. ALGERNON SIDNEY. WIISlINr: TON Md.-There was a great horse ramce on the '7th instant, from Christiana to Dover and back-distance 84 miles. The downward run-42 miles-was made in two hmours, 15 minutes. On the return one of the horses dropped dead, 25 miles from the start ing place. The other came in and died three hours after, making the distance in about 6 hours. There was a bet pending of 6100 a side. [The pecrpetrat-:rs of such a cruelty as this deserves universal execration and the severest punishment.-Edrs. Am. that the gin house, with about eight bales of ginned cotton, belonging to Maj. H. WV. Har rington, of Marlboro' District, was consumed by fire, on the evening of the 31st ult. The fire caught from a lantern, used to weigh cot ton by, and was accidenta.-Cheraw Gaz. WVIscoxsTx.-Ollial returns of the con gressional elections, show Durkee and Doty (free-soil) elected for the first and third dis--' tricts, and Eastman (democrat) for the second.,' At Aiken, on Tuesday, the 3d of Deeeb! by Rev. H. A. Tupper, Rev. F. C. Jon.~ Miss CAROLINE, daughter of Levi Hicksnon that place. '.4 At Abbeville, on the 2d inst., by Rev. '~ Reid, Col. SAMUEL. M'GowAN, to Miss SUSA, - daughter of Judge Wardlaw, both of Abbevlle. In Hamburg, on the 7th irnst., by Wm.W. Sale, Esq., Mr. JAurEs A. BARXMAs~ to Mliss ANN WnnmlEas, all of Augusta. OBITUA RY. ~DiED, near Edgefield Court House, on the 3d of January, 1851, CIIAIIERLAIN LaRor Goon win. 'The deeased was born at Henley, in Edgefield District, on the 21st of May 179L. lie lived in this community, for a long teramof years, and was well known to the citizen. gener ally. As a marn he was most exemplary. So far as the knowledge of the writer, who knew him intimately, extends, his wvhole conduet was marked by strict integrity. 1.1 his family relation. he was without fang. Hie was a kind and indulgent father, a devcWd hu..band to-a wife, who has for-many years bieen almost a helpless invalid, a humane master, and a pcaceable and obliging neighbor. In his intercourse with society, his manners were charaeterized by a cheerfulness and -- ty, which was pleasing to all. For. any, he had been an orderly member of thet15 Church. lie was a member of the. rder.of the Sons of Temperanee of this. ple amnd $uy that body, his remains were attended Is the grave. His death was sudden but. it is confidently hoped, that he died in..the ejoymenlt of that re ligion w-hich he proesed.