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irewil clng o te Pllas o th Tepleof our Li&crtiea, and if itwt at fail, we will Perish amidst the Ruins." VOLUMTE XV. j PUBLISHED EVERY WDiNESDAY iiY W3M. F. DURISQE. PROP RI I E TO R. Speech of Hon. J. C. Calhoun. On the Slavery Question. DELtYERED I- 'THE SENATE OF THE U. s., March 4, 1S50. I have, Senunts, belioved from the first, - J' itiaiTIe igitintion of the er';cf slavery. would, if not prevented by some timely and etective measures. end itn disunion. En tertaining this opinion, I have, on all proper occasions, ondeavored to call the attention ofthe two great parties which divide the country to induce them to adopt such mea sures to prevent so great a disaster, but without success. The agitation has beets permitted to proceed. with alost no at tempt to resist;it, until it has reached a pe riod when it can no longer he disguised or denied that the Union is in danger. You have thus had forced up.m you the greatest and the gravest question that can ever come under your .c~nsideration. How can the Union be preverved ? To give a satisfartory answer to this rnighty question, it is indispensable to have an accurate and thorough knowledge of the nature and the character of the cause by which the Union ise ttdangered. With out such knowledge it is impossible to pro. pounce n ith any certainty, by what mea sure it can be saved ; just as it would be impossible for a physician to pronounce in the case of some dangerous disease. with any certainty, by what remedy the patient could be save(, without similar knowledge of the tature and character of the cause of the disease. The first question. then, pre seutel for consideration, it the investiga tion I propose to snake, in order to obtain such knob ledge. is: What is it that has endangertd this U nion ? To this question there can he but one answer; that the immediate cause is the almost universal discontent which pervade, all the States composing the Southern sec tion of the Union. This widely extended discontent is tot of recent origin. It com inetced with the agitation af the slivery question. asnd has been increasing ever mnce. The next question. goirc one step further back, is: What has caused tais widely dif'used and almetst universal dis It is a great mistake to suppose. as some have done. that it originated with dema gogues. who excited the discontent with the intention adf' aiding their personal a-l. vancement, or with the disappointed aabi tion of cer 'in poli iciaans, i ho resorted to it as the means of retrieving their hortunes. On the contrary, all the great political ii fluetces if the Section were arrayed against excitetnent. and exerted to the utmus: to keep the people quier. The great ttmass of the people: of the South were divided, as in the other section. into Whigs and Detnocrats. The leaders and the presses of.both parties in the South were very so licitous to prevent excitement and to pre serve quiet; because it was seen that the effects of the former would necessarily tend to weaken, if not destioy, thu polisi cal ties which united them with their res pective parties in the tither section. Tho-e who know the strength of party ties will readily appreciate tie force which this cause exerted agitation, and in favor of preserving qiet. it. as great as it vwas. it Was not snilficiently so to prevent the ti ide spread discontent which tow pervades the section. No; some cause, far deeper and more powerful thu the one'supposed. mta4t exist, to account for discoattett so wide and deep. The question, then recurs: W hot is the cause of this discontent ? It will ho found itn time belief of the petople of the ~Southernu States, as prevalent jas thte'dis conteunt itself, that they cuannot remaimn. as tingtts noaw are, conisistenatly with hoanor andl salely, i) the Unin. T'he next questimn to be conssidered i5 : WVhat has causesd this belief? One of the causes is. tandtotatedly, so be trascedl to the long-contitnued agitat ion sif the slave questioti eat the part of time North, and thme may aggressins which they have made uipon time righats saf thae South during thme time. I will noL esnmerate mhem at prsesent. as it will be dobe hereafter in its proper plaice. There is another lying back of it. wi-h which this is itnimately conmed, that ny be regardeda ats thme Mreat amnd primaury cause. It is to lbe found itt timefact that lime equilibrium bet weetn t-e t wo secions in thme Gioveronmet, ams it stood when the Csonsti tutioni was ra'k.Sed amnd the 'onvernmmenmt puRt in aiction,. has beetn de troyed. At that time there was nearly a eriect equim librisam between the two, wieh all'ordedl ample means to eacht to totect itself against thme aggressioan of the other; but, as it now stands. one section lil the exclu sive power of contraollinag the Governtent, which leaves the other witho'tt any ad e qauate meanos if protecting itself agaminst its encroachment ands oppression. 'fT pl1ace this sub'jeet distinttely befoire you, I have, Senatorq, prepared a brief statistical state mtent, showing the relative weighst of the two sections in the Gov'ernmxe't under the first census of 3790 and the lapt census of 1840. According to the former,. th 'population of the Umnited States, includinN . Vermnst, Kentucky and Tennessee. hich thesn -were ini theiincpient conditiut of becotm ing States, buf: were not actsmall. adiitedh, amoutsed to 3.999,827.- Of mh~ nlmaber thieNorthern states had 1,972,899, andt the Suheyn I .952.0"/2, -snokims a differ ence of only 25.827 in favor of 5e foarmer Stastes. The onmber of Statesincimrling sixteen; of which eight. including Ver mont, belonged to the Northern Section, and eight, including Kentucky and Ten nessee, to the Southern, making an equal division of the States, betneen the two sections, under the first census. There was a stnall preponiderance in the House of Representatives. and in the electoral college, in favor of the Northern. owing-to the fact that, according to the provisions of the Constitution. in estimating federal uunibers five slaves count but three; but it Wa tos saiall'loafecr sesibly, the per. feet equilibrium. which. with that excep tion, existed at the 'tine. Such was the equality of the two sections when the States composing them agreed to enter into a Federal Union. Since then the equilibrium between them has been greatly dist urhed. According to the last ceneus the aggre gate popolation of the U. States amounted to 17.06:3.457.of which the Notrthbern.section contained U,72S.920, and the Southern 7,334.537. making a difTereace, in round numbers, of 2.400,000. Tho number, of States had increased from sixteen to twen ty-six. making an addition of ten States. In the meantime the position of Delaware had become doubtful as to which section she properly belongs. Considering her as neutral, the Northern States will have thirteen and the Southern States twelve, making a dif'erence in the Senate of two Senators intnvor of the former. Accord ing to the apportionment under the census of 1840. there were 223 members of the House of Representatives, of which the Northern States had 135, and the Southern States (considering Delaware as neutral.) 87, making a dilference in favor of the former in tho louse of Representatives of 48. The dil'erence in the Senate of tio members. adding to this, gives to the North, in the Etlctoral College, a majotrity of 50. Since the census of 1840. four States have been added to the Union: Iowa. Wisconsin, Florida, and Texas. They leave the diference in the Senate as it stood when the census was taken; but add tw-> to the side of the North in the Hlouse, making the present majority in the House in its f;tvor of 50, and in the electo ral college of 52. The result of the whole is to give the Northern section a predominoance in every department of the Government, and there by c.nceutrate it 't the two elements a majority of States. and a maj..rity of the p1opu latin, estimated in federal numbers. Whatever section concentrates the two in itself possesses the control of the entire Gov,%errlistent. But we are at the close of the sixth de cade. and the eottencetent of the seventh. The ceneits is to be taken this year. which must add g;really to the dcci dsed prepondleranco of the North in the (louse of Representatives and in the elec toral college. The prospect is, also, that a great increase will be added to its present preponderance in the Senate, during the period of the decade. by the addition of new States. T-vo Territories, Oregon, and 1linesota, are already in progress, and strenuous emlarts tire making to bring in three allitional States frot, the Territory recently conquered from Mexico, which, ifsuccesslul, will add three other States. in a short time. to the Northern section, making five States; and increasing the present number of its States from fifteen to twenty, and of its Senators from thirty to forty. On the contrary, there is not it sin ge Territory in progress in the Southern sectiotn. and no certainty that any addi tional State will he added to it during the decade. Tho prospect then is, that the two sections in the Serate, shold the ef forts now made to escule the South from the ntewly argnired Territories succeed, will stand, before the end of the decaile, twenty Northern States to t welve South ern, (considlerinig IDelaware as neutr:0l.) tttd forty Northern S9enators to twenty fou'r Southern. TJhis gre~at tncrease of Senators. added to the great increase of memlbers oif the Hoiuse of Rlepresentatives and the electoral ctllege on the part of the North, which tmust take place urmler the tnext decade, will elTectutalty anid irre trievably destroy ite eqjuilibtriuml whuichi existd when the Gtvernmtent.comtmentced. llad, this deastrtuctiont bleen the operatitn of titte. wit hoot the itnterference of Gov ernmnetnt. the South wtiuld have h'ad no reason to comiplit: but such wais not the fact. It was caused by the legislation of this Govermnent. which was appointed as ho c-ommonit agect of all, and chtargedl with the pirotectiton of the interests and se ctrity (of aill. The legislation by which it has been ehIected, tmay lie classed under three heads. T1he first isa, that series of acts by which thte Sowh has been excluded from rte comtanon TIerrito-ry belotiging tt all of the States, as the members of the lederah Unio, and which have had the effect of extendittg vastly the portion al lotted to- the Northern sectimn-, and res tritinlg within tnarrow limits, the portion left the South. The next cousists in adopt ig a system of revetnne and disburse tens, by which an undue proportion of the burden of taxatiton htas been im posed upon the South, atnd an tundme prprco of its proceeds a- prmopritated to, the Notrth; atd tte last is a system of political mien sures by which the original character of the Governmtent has beeni radically chang e. I propose to bestow upoti each of these. itt the order they statnd, a few re tmarks, with the view ofl shin~tg that it is owitg to thte action of tii Govermemint itt he equilibrutm between thte two see, tiots has bteetn destroyed, antd the whole powers of the system cetntered in a sec tinial majority. 'bclire of thn series of acts by which the South was deprived of its due share of the Territories, originated With the Con federncy, which preceded the existeure of this (Government. It is to be found in the provision of the Ordinance of 1787. I s effect was to exclude'. the South entirely from that vast and fertile region'which lies between the Ohio and the -Missiesippi ri vers. now emthracing five States and one Territory. The next of the series is the Missouri Compromise, which excluded the South -from that larme portion of Louisiana which lies north of 360 3(P, excepting what is included in the State of Missouri. The last of the series excluded the South from the whole of the Oregon 'ET-iritory. All' ithese, in the slang of the dttj, were what is called slave territories. and not free soil; that is, territories belonging to slaveboldiog pon ers and opeu to the emigration of mas ters with slaves. By these several arts, the South was excluded from 1,238,025 square miles, an extent of country cuonside rally exceeding the entire valley of the M ississippi. To the South was left the portion of the Territory of Louisiana lying south of.560 301, and the portion north of it included in the State of Missouri. The portion lying south of 360 301, including the States of Louisiana and Arkansas, and the territory lying west of the latter and south of 360 30', called the Indian country. This, with the Territory of Florids, now the State, makes in the whole 283.503 square miles. To this must he added the territory acquired- with Texas. If the whole should be added to the Souther,, section. it would make an increase of 225, 520, which would make the whole left to the South 600.023. But a large part of Texas is still in contest between the two sections, which leaves it uncertain what will be the real extent of the portion of territory that may be left to the South. I have not included the territory recently acquired by the treaty w ith Mexico. The North is tmaki:g strenuous efforts to appro. priate the whole to herself, by excluding the South frotn every foot of it. If site should succeed. it will add to that from whir'*- anh-has already heen exclu dea-, - --... Ierca? prop clud in e drCC wI ISt zi I S desiroyed the eqnortmt bet weeCn tIe o sectiuon in the t'overrnment. The next is the sstemo of revenue and disbursements which has been adopte.l by the Government. It is well known that the Government has derived its revenue mainly from duties on impurts. I shall not undertinko to showe that such duties must necessarily fall mainly on the expor tinrg States, and that the South, as the great exporting portion of the Union, has mo reality paid vastly more than her due proportion of the revenue ; because I deem it unnecessary, as the subject has on so many occasions been fully discussed. Nor shall I, for the same reason, undertake to show that a far greater portion of the rev enue has been disbursed at the Nort. than its due share ; and that the joint effect of these causes has beon to transfer a vast ainunt from South to North, which, under an equal system of revenue and disburse ntcts, would not have been lost to her. If to this be added that many of the duties wete imposed, not for revenue, but for pro, tection-that i.,, intended to put money, ntot int the treasury, but directly itnto thte pocket of the manufacturers-someo coo cepition may be formoed of the immttense amotutnt whieb, in Ihe long course tf sixty vears, has bteetn transferred frotm Sooth to North. There are nio data by which it cant be estitmated with anty certaitnty ; hot it is safe to say that it amounts to humt dre of millions of dlollars. Under the mos)t tmodlerate estimate, it woultd be sutB cient tot add greatly to the weahhtl of the North, and thus greatlly itncreatse her pop. ubttion by attracting emigratiu-n fromn all quaarters to that section. This, combtined with the great and prim. atry cause, amply explains wvhy the North has acmTaired a prepondleranco over every departmenit of the Govertment, by its dis proportionate increase of populationi and States. The former, as ins been showrr, has increased itn fifty yearts 2,400.000 over thtat of the Stnuth. Thi- 'n. tease Of polp uhtion, duri-ng so long a ,,.. .jd is. satisfac torily accotunted for by the noumbter of emn igratnts, and the iticrease of their descemd anrts, whicb have been attracted to- te Northern sections, from Europe and the South, in consequtence of the advanitages decrived from the causes assigtned. If thtey hatd tnot existed-if the South had rctained aill the capital which has been e:-tractedl from her by the fiscal actiont of the GJoy ertnment; and, if it had not been excluded hy the ordinatnce of '87, antd rho Missoturi Compromuse. from the region lyitng lie t ween the Ohio and the Mississippi Rivers, and between the M ississttpi and the Rocky Mlounttains, North of 30)0 30'-it scarcely ad mitts or a doubt, that she would hAve tdi vidled the emaigratiotn nith the North. antI by retaining her own people, wvould htave at least eqlualled the Ntrtht itn popult iton, nnder the census of 1840, amid probably utider that about to he taken. Shte would, also, if site had retained her equal rights int t hose Territories. tmaint ainedl art equatli ty in thte tiumber of States with the North, atnd have preserved the equtilibriotm lie tweent the t wo sectin that existedl at the commencem ot of the Government The t loss, then, o'the equilibrium is to be at tributed to . e~tion of this Government. But while liese measures were destroy ing the equi (grium between the two sec- i ,ions, the a 'n of the Government was fi leading to a dical change in its charac- e ter, by cone trating all the power of the i sv-tem In. IIf. The occasion will not. I p'ermit me-t trace the measuas by .hich t this great eb e: ar been consumtmatied. r It' it dit, ni edill'iiukto shiv e that the pr cst*etmmeitced at an esarly period or thes Government ; that it pro. ceeded alinost withiut inmerruptint, step by step until it absorbed virtually itsentire pow ers; but without going through the whole t process to establish jihe fact, it may be done i satisfactotily by a jery short statement. u That the Government claims, and prac- I tically maintains, the right to decide in the i last resort, as to the extent of its powers, i will scarcelf he denied by any one conver- u sant with the-political Iistoy of the coun- n try. That it alo claims the right to re sort to force; to ,nintain whatever power i it claims, a ainst all opposition, is equally a certain. jigleed it is apparent, fron what we daily hear, that this has become the t prevailing ind fixed opinion of a great c majtity of ihe community. Now, I task, what limitation can possibly be placed up. I on the powers of t government claiming a and exercising such rights? And, if none p cau be. how can the separate governments f of the States maintain and protect the pow- i ers reserved tothetm by the Constitution or a the people of the several States nrait:ain I those which are reserved to them, and < among. othets,. the sovereign powers by which they ordained and estiblished, not a only their separate State Cons' itutions 3and Governtneits, but also the Constitution and i Governmanet of the United States? But, if they hate no constitutional moans of r ntaintainitn them against the right claimed i by this Goyerunent, it necessarily follows, t that they hold' them at its pleasure and i discretion, :aand that all the powers of the s sytem are'in reality concentrated in it.- I It also follows, that the character of the d . . It Will U the numcrcal majority, has now, in fact. the eontrot of the Govermnet antt the en tire powels of the system. What was once a co stitutiunal federal Republic, is t now conve ted, in reality, into ine as abso lute as tlhaj or the A ntocrat of l tisesia, amid as desprtiq itt its tendency, as any absluto governmtsett that ever existed. As then,! the North has the anboTute con trol over lhe Government, it is imtanifest, that on all questions between it and the South, wiere there is a diversity of inter. est, the interest of the latter will be sacri iced to thl former, however oppressive the effects mN he, as the South possesses no means byiwhich it can resist. through the action of:the Government. But if :here was no q.estion of vital itnportatce to the Sumrth it.dreference to which there was a diversity of views hetween the two see tiun, this state of things might be endu red, wibout the hazard of destruction to the South. But such is. not the fact. There is a questiotn of vital importance to the Soutliern seetimu, in reference to which tlhe views and feelings of the two sections are as oliposite and hostile as thtey can ponibmle lbe. I refer to the relation between the two races itn thme Southern section, which con stitutes alvital portiont of her social organi zatior.. E~very portion of the North ett tertaitns viewa tand feelings more or less hostile to it. Thtose most opposedi nnd hostile, regardl it as a sin, and consider hem,clves under the most sacred obliga tiont to use every ellemrt to destroy it. In deed to thme extent that they comceive they have power, they regard themselves as implicatsd in the sirn, and responsible for suppre~ it biy the use of ull and every tmeans. e lhose less opposedI and hostile. regard it tts a crime-on. offence against hutmanity', as they call it ; and abhhnugh not so fsaaical, feel themselves bound to use all effoirts to eI~ect thte samte object; while thoee who- are least opjposedl and hits tile, regardl it as a- hl atnd a staitn ott the character of 'chat .they call thme Natina and feel hemselves according~ly bound to give it no countenance or stupport. Otn the contrary, the Smiuthern section regards the relatiout as one whtich cantot? he de. sroyed wiihnott subjectimng the two races to the greatent calamity, and the section to poverty, desoluuion, and wrechtetlhtess ; anad accordingly they feel boundit, by every considle'amionm of interest; and safety, to-de fendJ i. This hosile feeling onr the part of the Noth towatrds the social organization of the Southi, long lay d'ormant, hirt it only requtire~d so~me cause which would makle the impression on those who felt it most in tensely, tat tey were responsible fhr its continuance, to call it into act. fThe increasing powver of this GovernmenlU, and of the control of the Northern section over all i's deparrtmenms, furnished .t-he cuttse. It was this wh~ich ma~de an impression Otn the timid of mtany, that tere was Iim:le or no rrstraimnt to- preveent the Governmment from doing whatever it might choose to do. This wus sollicient of itielf ta, pot the toast fiu...:,.al por.t.nr ofLth North in ac on for the purpo . of destroying the ex iting relation betwee* the two tales in be South The first organized movement towards commenced in 1835. Then, for the rst time. societies were organized. presses stablished, lectures sent forth to excitethe eople of the North, and incendiary pufri cations scattered over the- whole South, neough the mail. The Sourh .was iho: aughty . aroused. Meetings - were - held verywitere-atw -resolutions adopt ed, cell as upon' the Nrth to apply a remedy to rrest the threatened evil, and pledging hetselves to adopt measures for their wit protection, if it was not arrested. At be meeting t.f Congress petitions poured n from the North, calling upon Co.gress n abolish Slavery in the District of Co umbia, and to prohibit n hat they call the ternal slave trade between the States, nnouncing at the same time, that their Ititnate object was to abolish slavery, not nly in the Iistrict, but in the States, and broughout the Union. At this period, the umber engaged in the agitation was small, ud possessed little or no personal influence. Neither party in Congress had, at that ie, any sympathy with them, or their ause. The members of each party pre entied their petitions with great reluctance. Jevertheless, as small and contemptible s tho party then was, both of the great tarties of the North dreaded them. They cit that though small, they were organized u reference to a subject which had a great til a commanding influence over the 4orthern mind. Each party, on (bat ac ount, feared to oppose their petitions, lest he opposite party should take advantage f the one who might by favoring their pe tiontts. The eltect was that both united it insisting that the petitions should he re eived, and that Congress should take ju isdiction of the subject for which they rayed. To justify their course, they took he eictraordinary ground. that Congress ras botond to, receive petitions on every uhjeci. however oljectimialrle it might te, and whether they had or hal not juris liction over the subject. These views pre U-- .I. Of Ronreaeatatives. ow, and that it would in the end, if no irrested, destroy the Uoioni. I then st xpressed myself in debate, and called tp mt both parties to take ground against as uming jurisdiction, but in vain. Had my 'oice been heeded, and had Congress refu. ed to take jurisdiction, by the united votes if all parties, the agitation which followed would have been prevetred, and the fanat cal zeal that gives impulse to tho agitation id which has brought us to our present serilous condition, would have becone e ingtrished from the want of somtethittg to 'ed the flume. 'lhat was the time for the worth to show her devotion to the !lnin tut unfortunately bolth of the great parties f that sectiot was so ittent on htainilty yarty ascendency, tirat all other cousidera ions were overlooked or forgotten. What has since followed are but he nary tral consequences. With the success u hat first movement, this small fanatica )arty began to acquire strength; and witl hat, to becime an object of coutiship to >oth the great parties. The necessary con tqueuce was, a further increase of power mnd ai gradual tainting of the opinions 0 >oth of the other pari-es with their duc rnens, until the itnfectiott has extenaded tove lith ; antd the great mass of the popula ion of the North, who, whatever may h1 heir opitnion of tlte original abolition party ahtch still preserves its distinctive orgasti nation, hardly ever fail, wvhen it comes ti tciing, tio co-operate in carryinlg out thei measures. With the increase of theiri'n luetnee, they extended the sphere of thei ctiotr. ltr a short tIme after [he corn nencement or their first miovement, the.' dad acquired suiferient influene'e to induct the Legislatures of most of the Northeri States in pass acts, whiidibhr effect abroga ted the plrovision of ifre Constituion tha prolvides for the delivering up of fugitiy< daves. Not long after, petitiotns fo;llowve; ii abolish slatvery in forts. magazines, an' lock yards. attd all other places whie~ ottgress had exclosive power of legisla tion. This was followed by petitionts tl -esolutios iof Legisi ions States arnd pop ilar meetinugr. to exclude the Southern states fromt all Territories acquired, or i >e acquired, and to prevent the adtmissimi If any State hereafter ino the Union rhich, by its Constitutiotn, does rntt pro ibit slavery. Andl Congress is inyoked ti In all this expressly wrilh the view to the4 inal abolition of slavery in the States. rhat has 'oeen avowed to be the obimnat' ihject from- the begiwning of the agitatior tntil thte presetnt time; a-mI yet the gres odv of both parties of the North, with ie'full fenow ledge otf tthe fact. although isavowitng the Abolitionists, liave co opo -ad with them in almost all their mneas res. Such is a brief history of the agitatin is fan as it hei yet advanrced. N-ow I ask Senators, what is there to prevent its for her progress, unttl it fulfils the ultimatE nd'i proposed, tnnless some decisive meas tre shonol' be adopted ro preveti it ? Hat niy one Elf the causes, which has added It ts increase from its original small and coo emnltible boginning nauil at ha atta'med i present magnitude, diminished in force Is the original cause of the movement, that Ui*cryise a sin. andoughi to he suppressed weaker soow than at the commencement ? Or is'the Abolition panrty less numerone or infnue-tial. or have they less Influence or control over the two great parties of the g th in elections ? Or has the Sout -i greater means of innuencing or controlling tte movenents of the Goverment ;nowt" thamni had .when the agitgtiim comnmei& ced'?...To all these questions but one ann: sw "ir.v sr be give.: . No. no. ern. . The very. reverse is true. Jnstead of beiig'weakerf all the elements t favor of agitation are" swronger now than they were in J835. when, the agitation first commenced, while all the elements of influence on the part of the South are weaker. Unless something decisive is dune, I again ask, what is tw stop this agitation, before the great and finnal object at which it aims-the abolition of slavery in the States-is consumated T Is it, then, not certain, that if something decisive is not now done to arrest it, the South will be forced to choose between abolition and secession? Indeed, as eveuts arc now moving, i-t will not require the South to secede to dissolve the Union. Agitation will of itself effect it, of which its past history furnishes abundant proof, us I shall not proceed to show. It is a great mistake to supprae that disunion can be effected by a single bln, The cords which bound these States ro gether in one eummon Union are far tone nuneroas and powerful for that. Disun ion must he the work. of rime. It is only through a long process. and in succession, that the cords can- be snapped, until the whole rabric fol's asunder. Already the agitation of the slavery question has snap ped some of the mott imporaant, and has ereatly weelkened all the others, as I shall proceed to show. The cords that bind the States together are not only many, but various in charjac er. So-ne are spiritual' or ecclrsiastieall some polirical' others social'- Somne up. pertain to the benefit confe'rred by the Union, and others tothe feeling of duty and oblisation', meetings the principal clergytnen and lay members of then respective denomi'na tions from all parts of the tiion met. to transact business relating to their eement-o concerns. It was not conlinetd ro what appertained to the doctrines ano di'seipliue of the respective denoninations. but ex tended to plane for dissetaninaring the Bi ble, sending out missionarites, distributing tracts, and establishing presses for the Il~iction of tractr rewspapers ant peri. otticals, with a view of dttusing religious informatiotn, and for the support of the . doctrines ands creed' of the denomrination. All these cottmt/rned, conitributed greatly to strengthen tire bonds of the Un'am1 The strong ties which hold each deommi'nation' together farnet a strog cord to hold the whole Union together. but, as powerfuf as they were, they have nut been able tor resist the explosive efect of the slavery agita tion.. The first of these crds which snapped, under its explosve force, was that of the powerful afethodi'st EpiscnoM Church. The numerous and strong ties which held it together are all broke, and ins utniry gone. They nowv foi m separate chiorches, anad, instead of' that feeling of attachment and devotion no tire 'rteres~tiethehols Churchn whte~h was formerly felt, they are' now arrayeli into t wo hnosrile bodies. en gaged in litigation about whtat was for tterly their commoon property. The neat cord dhee snappe'd was that oft lie Ilaptists, one of rte lnargest and most. respectatnie of the doniominauions. That of the Preslnyterianis noeanitely snapped, lbut some of ina strands have' given away, Tthtt of tlie Episcopa-i Churchn is the only mone.or' the foaur-gc~ Pena roesani denonsp' tnninnwwhieh renmianstnnbroken and entiree. The strongest cord of a political cinaw' actor,- consiste of tihe many and strong tier that have held together tine two gnreat par.' t'ies whnich haver with, some modliivealtin, existed freon tire beginning oif the Govera . ment. They both extendell to'every pur. tion of the Union-, anid st'ongl'y contributedl to hohl all its parns together. B'ut this powerful eond has fared tno hotter than the tpirittual. It resaisted for a long time the explosive tendency of the agitation, but has fi:nially snappedtiunder its force--if not etiriely, in a grear measure. Nor is there onto of the reainitng cprds which hatve not been greatly wvealfened. To' thnis extent the U~nion hnas already been destroyed by aginatioan, in tine only way it can be, av. snapping asunder sod weakening the cords whichpbind it together. If the agitation goes. otn the same force, acting with 'rncreased intensity, as has beets shown, will fiually snap every ctord, when nothing will be left ton hold the States to gethter but force. But, surely, that can, with no propriety of lanigoage, me called a Union, whlen the only means by whticht the weaker is held conanected with the stronger portion is force. It may, inideed, keep theta eennected;. but tine connectiorn wvill partake mnuch more of the character of subjuigation on tine part of the weaker [co~scLUD5s oN FoURTli FAGE4