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From the Charleston mercur/. SLAVERt IN TERRITORIES. To be right of indispensable nccessity in every case. It gives strength in tine .. of need, confidence in danger, make vic tory, virtue, and rubs defeat of shatme. It is only the duty. but the interest of the South. that on the question of slavery she should be right; otherwise, the institution must petish by the operation of that iit evitable law which sooner or later rights the wrong. Have no, some of the South ern politic'ans abandoned the right on this subjeci? .xasperated by toe at gressions offanatics, have they not, it, stead of baeing content to repel these at tacks, advanced beyond that line upor which herefnre" the South has been mnvin cible. Heretofore, we have demanded that the institution of 'av'ery shunld be h-"t a lone. We denied the right of Congress to limit its extension. We never claimed the right to extend it by legislative enact mnents. App!y this rule to Te'rritonics. Conigress has no right to pass laws exeltd ittg slaves. neither h-s it a righi to enact I-s e-tahtishing slavery. Is this trer-? Then the entigrant to nenly nequired .erritory nust he governed by the gen eral principles of the Constitution atnd the nets of Congress founded upon it. Now neither the Constitution nor these acts es tablish slavery in any Territory. and itis not a part of the common or unwritten law of this c'.untry. Slavery exists uo where in this Union but by legislative or positive enactmen's. It is a municip,al regulation. How shall the emnigrant re covgr his slaves were there are no laws recognisir,g them to be properly-punish injuries to them-exercise ownership over them? Does the slave-owners carry wi-h him the laws of South Carolina it; ravor ofslavery? titen the free laborer of the West carries with him also the laws or his State against slavery Which shall prevail and be paramonnt? Wli shall decile this contruversy ? There is no trlutinal to try th question. Asstning that Congress have no power to estab:;sh to exclude slavery -that a Territosial Le gasi ture catot restrict their adimston. (-vhich implies a previa d;sly erxistintg au ihoity to estallish-f.,r the slavehnldr vir tually excluded from the Territ ry. Now there are manifest reasons why the power to legislate uuon this subject should he denied to Congress. Among others, that its acts might he made to caltct the whole of tne .Southern States. while the laws of a Territory can only operate within its own bounlaries. Is it not wiser to re cognise the power of a Territory Legisla ture to establish or exclude slavety thau to deny it? The "new comes into the territory," as Mr. Yancey styles them. will, we are justified by experience in as suming. regulary slavery according to their interests. If slave labor be profita ble, it will- be employed as certainly as steam or water power, horses or mules. If unp-ofiable. no legislative enactments can compel or persuade to their introduc. tip Tle;uew comers being, we will sup pose, frec laborers from lhe We9t, .may ---pass laws,-excluding thetn; but these laws a Will uaoat+ed df'fTri6efterthe inbab- C lieost-disci ver -th ti "tiV'.litiniurinne _1n- t BUtthiA gulte'niiasy be reioted: If free labjirere;'betngi the first- comers, have no right to excluttde slavery, then the slave owners, being the first comers, have no ~iHit ti estaablish it. The adltmission ts as ,oinsiv'ithe one as exclusion is to the o'ther.' Th'e rule must work both ways. Utafortunately, if thais rile he adopted,a slavery mustisueenob~l for the want cCflaws -to maintain it. In other words, tile in stitnuon cannot exists tinless esta blishedl bya law. Those politiciats therefore. whio I deny,the power of a Territorial Legisla tore to regulate its territorial concerns in this as.well as all other respects. practi cally aid in ithe exclusion of slatvcry l rom territory. For they catnnot deity te right to restriet, anad assert the right to e--tablish it. Mloreover to claim ahe right~ to establish and deny the right to restrict., is to ad vence beyond our foirmer doctrine-let tis alone; and, being thecref.are aggressiv', ii invites atad 'ptiiies attetnps to destroty ouar domestic institutions. These retmarks heave been elicited lay the comments of air. Yasecey, at the l;ate meeting itn this cliiy. tapot that portion of air. Cass's letter of Mir. Nichotlsoni m which he dleclare himself itn favor of leaving to *Territories the right to regutaite their oawn affauirs. We are presutaded tbat theO South will accomplish the purposes oaf the Aboali, tiotnisis by adopa ing atey othter policy thcan that indicated by Mr. Ctss. No Walmtot Proviso can more certainly excludae sl;ave owners fiotm Territories itat the absence of all law to protect slave paroperty when inatroduced into them. UTe itnstiutiran- we repeat, conntot exist utaless established by law. To enable the slaveowner tio oblamt admission into Tecrriitaries, we imtst aidopt a policy equally distant fromt the tihra pol~iticians of the South and the ablition fanatics of the North. INm:rxNDENT DEaoCRAT. The correspndelnt of the N. Y. Trilabune speaking of the Senate anad its une;asiner~ unt'er the pressure of the Territorial hilks antd the Slave questioni jttst in advance ofi the Presidential elect iota says: "Calhouna sits ini his seni every momnet of the day, with his unchanageable eye fax ed tupon each iesitating Senator, like a tiger pareparing his deadly eparing. There is hardly one of his party but qatails bo fore it. A spectator would suppose that they believed that they believedl in the Eastern stupersaition-he powet of tho evil eye; for they all seemed facinated with its inilutence. Flyinag htim, they are certain taf refuge now here. Dix, Hlamrlitn, and other Northerni Sentators. are Proviso tmen ; them the advocates-of Cass fear to appraaach. They have r,o hope save in themselves. --"Wheiher .shall they fly. .Inafinite wvruth and iafimtte despair." n'AarGToN, ,JULY iZ. The Senate. it is hielived, with adopt the Missouri Commpronmise. in referetnce to the territories. The Soauthern Senatairs, il is said, will all, evetn without exceptinag Mr."Colhoun, coitineidle in it. In regaral to the newi teraitories, a divisiona by thte parallel of 36 30 will bie favorable to the South, for of twe.lve degrees of latitude it and even this belt ines not possess any at traction for ,laveholders. But, in case of future acquisitions south of the line.-and they are probable. become many of the Mexican States court annexation to the United States-the balance m;iy be thrown i, favlor of the South It will be difleult not toubt. to obtain the concurrence of the louse in the compronmie, but, I think, it willsuceerd. The Senate, will reach the question about a furinight hence. EDGEFIELLD C. 11. WEVn.NtsnAY. JULY 12, 1848. Return of Voluntcers.-On Saturday and Sunday last. we had the pleasure of seeing several Volunteer, belonging to the Company of -'96 Boys" recently returned from Mexico. Among those who have reached their homes, are Capt. P. S Brooks. Sergeante. It S. Key. Eldred Simkins, C. W. Styles. llilary Cooper. Corporals. J. P. Nixon, W. B. Gal phit, C. Il. Kenney. Robert Sloan. Privates, J. A Addison, Thos. Anderson, L. P. An drews, Jasper Devore, David Hlopkins, Rnbt. Kenney, James Alarony, E. Melton, T. B. Norvell, A. Sharpton. We learn that the following persons. the remainder of the "96 Boys" are on their way home. Lieutenants, Joseph Abney, L. Wever. - Pricatrs, Win. B3etsil, If. Blese, Wn. Bnr rell. Willis Brannon. G. W. Dusl. James Goff' Wiley Hlnlsotnback, A. McKinsey, Elbert Pudret. W. T. Smith. John Walsinghat. ('el,bratiarm of the 41h of July.-The fourth of Jit: was celebrtted in certain sections of this District.h y ;arbecucs and l'ie nics tm a manner appropriate to the occasion. We had the pleasure of attending a Pic nic given near the residence of Mr. Joux S:tvr.EY about 10 miles north of the Conrt House. The entertainment was got tip in beautiful style. and was graced by the presence of a niber of the filir daughters of Edgefield. ssembled from different qnarters. The whole ass-thiuage seemed to enter into the spirit of mnjoymnt,tt. and the most perfect order and ropriety marked the occasion. The following gentlemen have been appoin ed by the Governor, Notaries Public for the District of Edgefield, viz John 3l'Bride, at 3raniteville, B. Martin, Rehoboth, and D. Vhite, Pottersville. Louis Phillippc and Suns.-Three of the xiled Orleans family, sans of Louis Phillipe re eutly petirioned-the French Govetnment for bestdrtittrtif6ahi1'r'hta_..c dopt towards. these tnfurtnnate men. Two t them at least seem not to deserve the vetn eance of the French people. Bit may it not re the dictate of a wise policy as well as of umantly, to exclnde every member of the reuns Family from Fran:-e. Experience has :dly an,d repeatedly proven. that the Boutbon -ce catn never be trn:ted. They are utterly dle,arrogant anid ty ra:muical. It may be wis oin in the French people to cut off in r, figntra-. ve se.nso, the heads of all the family. They vill asair.:dlly do miischtief, when they have it thieir pow~er.Thley shtotuld perhaps all of them. d andl ymatng be tre:atedl like certain wicked ~aders and little goslit;.;s, of which we heard !t' following. Certain old ganders once, ont a 'iantatmn 'did mnch mischief assinming great nthtority, and dlestroyintg mneh that wvas valu. ble. Tlhei owner iot the farmn who haid long ~nnred themt. ait length, gatve orders to have~ heir hiead's chopped oif The servanit who was lirected to do it, killed every gander and( nn-. ldged gosling o~n the plantatini. The umaster vs greatly p,rovok'd at him, ror dlestroyingt the ittle g.osings, when he hiadi told htiim to kill mity the old ganiders. "Alh mister said lie," I thought it hesi to miake a clean swecp of at at once ,-thte goslitngs will be gandlers by midby." Si) it is with the yotung Orleans rinces. Theoy will be wicked gainders by. odby-hiarmnless as they mtay be now. For the Edgefield .Adcertiser. TO TilE alEMBFERS OF TIlE SALUDA As Lioni. Jo4:rtt A'ss.v, is daily expected monigst us. and toeit.:: a native of our Regi inent, we consiHer it incun.betit upon ns, to make some demtonstration oh our grattitnde to the mati, who wats first in the field, and the lst to h-ave it. this devoted attention to the cause of his country. anid the nmen tinder his charge. has endeared him not oiily to us. hnt to every admiiirer of patriothismi and merit. That we ma:y the more foreibly express this feeling; it is propose'd to piresenit hint with a Sword ait iiir tnext genteral imuster, as a testimo nianl of or a pprobation ofh his soldier'hike con duct it the wanr with Alexico. The 27th ofE this month will lbe the time to make suit-ible arraingements for procnitng thte sword, anid the manner of presentaittin. Coate Ott Otd saliuda, I AM READY. For the Edgeield Adrertiser. TO BEN. C. YANCEY, ESQ. [-laving in my commutnication, addressed to yotu through the ".lournal"of last week, 'hhown ofT"9 some of the Rurptlus'steam "genermted" by your iimputations upon0 mny motives. I hope to bo itndulged in a general answer to youir second reply to SA Vo/%ter." I trust I shall make it wito that calmness which is due to so grave a subject, anid in that respectful language which is dloe to the voters of my native District. I repeat that I enter uiponi the discussion untwillingly. I cannot afTord to spore the time from my daily occupa tion. which may lie necessary to prepare the matter for the press int a protracted controversy. aod shtall, on my part, end it as soon as practicable. TPo youtr elaborate compilation of statis ties to p'rive the immense benefit the Batik of the S'ato haos conferred on the people; I minhr c.nntent myelft w.ith ,hn renly. that their utter fallje been fully demonstrated b; " you make an impos g gu taken "from the pulb^ taiuing the Bank Report9 e the Cc mptroller Genera;". . ciefly upon a recent Report of ptroller General published with IS: and to he found pp. 246 9 Re 1847. And we are callednn plicit anti unbounded confidetcc4 Re ports, because they comm ptrblic functionaries, and to re 'th inere dulity. information from -al ~quarters. Now if I can denonstrateiil '1his rery Report of, the Cornptrol eral, he has committed an error n est egre gious character-as itmpo 'it is pal pable-his authority to I. to the ground, anti with it near yoursta tistics.. Let us see. Fr gge 249 1 will make the fi'llowitg exti iAn full. ANSwER To StXTH. E iA. The State issued and dd ed to the Bank as Capltp the amiunt of the Fir Loan in 1833, . ,0 000 00 "In 1844, a portion of- th Surplus Revenue was transferred to the Bank fu the purpose of aiding i. the redemption of the per cent. Stock of 1836, 200.000 00 "The State deposit wit the Bank a portion of th 5 per cent. Stock issued t the South Western Rt Road Bank, which th Bank of the State ca celled in 1844, ,,336 80 " Whole amount of Stocr issued by the State an placed in the Bauk at va - rious times. 2,32,336 80 Here me have what p'orts'to be a statement in full of the 1ndu)ver and nbove the origitil capitalplaced in the Bank at various times, sandmark-a por tion of thte Surplus Revetje is included. Now lthe Surplus Revenu deposited in the Batok in 1837, amount to $1.051, 122 00. (Bank Comp.'p.Q10.) Of t.his amount $200,900 were pad on tle Rail Road subscription and I whole of the balance carricd to the Sink g fund (Bank Comp. p. 210.) That is sav, $200.000 was so carried in 1844 a stated by the Comptroller and the retnaiider previously to the Report of the LiveV-'gating Cnn. tittee of 1840 1. from whitih quote. Of this remainder there is 4 slice of $51, 422 09 of which after thf most diligent "earch I cat find no furthe trace. Having gone into the Bank it is of it ought to he there still. yet among thelBank Reports and documents in my prssession. I can find no mention made of t. But of the other $600,000 the histor. is recorded. In 1839 the Legislature. by express act. turned' it over to the Bank. (See Bank Comp. 49-A. A. 1839.,p. 59-und 11 Vol. S. L. p. 38.) By.that A.t the Bank was permitted to take it, and,hy..the antu al Bank Report of 1840 the actual trans fer is acknowledged. (See Bank Comp. p. 398.) But in the abdve qtioted state tient of the C4'ptrol tin mention wha'tever.ri the Baik has acknonle 'threeipt If this be added to the 04i,0rtptried by the Co-iptroller, the i l'e amount "pinced in the Bank wot . e swollen to $2, Q3,7L 89 . ot .to mention long artrems of interest. AVhIy was it not so added ? Was it not a gross and palpa ble crror in the 'Comptroller not to do it ? if there is any mistake?eabout this state ment I chtallenige von, the Comnptrol ler ar.d the Bauk to show it. I do not refer this e t*nmnus error to cast att imputation on ~ur Comptroller. It tnay have been an o4rsight to which amll tmen arc liable. Pos4bly the facts do tnot appear tin the Co mtroller's Books. for whtoever will referf r. Comptroller H ayne'sstatement in . B C. p. 184.) wil at otnce see that t e books of the Treasurers and Comap dIis were at l-ast up to that time, so lpt, as not to be enititled to cinfidence. ot however the errotr minay have arisen, idis great enought obvious enough to teac4 us that we are tnt To) receive us goispel the figures and stntemre.nts o.f even our 'ighest funtction :ries; and that the perle must see for themselves and not thtroth the spectacles of any botly whateve~ In justice to --Auti.Debt." however. ~ime say that itn hik tables lie chatrges thtiak with hay inc received only S2,53-S 13. Now let us look at a- cimeu of Ban,k accuracy. In 1847 the presidemt anti Di rectors of the Batik of ta State of Sotuth Carolitna report to the 1isla ture that the profits of the Batnk duri~ the year ending the 30th September 1 ~, amounted to $303,252 01, and afti.making sundry dedue ions for interest expenses and e'xponses on Fire Loa terest ott 6 per cent. Stock end Loss say that they have of this profit ca to the Sitnking Fund $162,000) 00; a in statetaetm A the Bank is debited wit thatamounts as profits on hand. To e vince.he Legi.. latnre of the wonderfta hings the.-Bank has aiccomp)lished, the is atached to. atnd forming a part o e Re-ort abiove referred to, a "'Table witng tie Pritnci pal Features of thenup lions" the Bark of the State of South ,arolin fr'.m its commencement to the 1~ Octobr, 1847." In that table tunder th&liead "tuount of Profits after deducting 'ases," tiy report the profis of the Bank or each rar from its comimencement to. re 1st of)ctober, 1847, which a-nout.: the agagate to the mum of $4.5d7,03 74. Ue.r the head " PAtD FRO31 P FiTs," thnreport the various amounts laid from me to time by the Bank, ed upon tut ao count, making in the: gregate thollow ing sumts, viz: " In to -State rsurv" $592.001 28. "Imtere otn Publi>elit" $2.65.502 56, atnd e'Public Do-six per ceitt. Stock of ~20. and Fi per cent. Stock of 1 ," $1.586, 236. Now from these fact let us see..hthe accountts of PRoFies 'ill halanee. Atmount "Paid frotnd fits" in State Treasur~ \$592,0e8 A mount "Pail fro . renlts,". Itnerest on Publi4Debt, 2,653.5(46 A mount "Paid frntj'rfits," Principal of Pub e Debt, L,586,23) Whtole amount p d frome .Profits, 54,831,743 - ProGts still on hand, 1G2.000 00 84 903.743 20 Whole amount of pronfits claimed to have been made by the Bank, 4,587.050 74 Balance. 406.692 46 That is to say: The Bank has paid out of its prdfits the sum of four hundred and six thousand six hundred and ninety two dol lars and forty six cents over and above the whole amount of profits it claims to have made! Truly this is a wonderful Bank, and does woieerful things ! This is the showing of the Bank. According to the Comptroller General (Rep. and Res. 1817, pp. 248 9) the sutm is still greater by about $200.000. If there was no solution of this mystery the officers of the :;.'GIk might he forthwith arrested for practising the black art." Bat first. the books may be badly kept. Serondly. there may be oversight in the Report. Trhird!y, they may have got the money from somntichcre else. And so they did-frotn that good old milch cow, the State of South Caro lina, whom they pretend to be feeding daily, while they are draining her to the very ribs. My co-victim "Anti-Debt" has shown very conclusively whence the Bank got the money to pay the Public Debt, and by tracing out this singular dis. crepancy and sounding it to the bottom the same result would he obtained. But my present object is to point out solely the enormous errors on the face of the Public Documents on which you rely in your second answer to the question.of "A Voter," and I will not now press any other view. [ now ask you, after this expos.re. if you find it in your conscience to adhere to the enormous and mischievous errors you have unwittingly propanated thro"gh the columns of the Journal ? Whether you will still maintain and defend the state ments of the Comptroller and the Bank, that the Bank has paid from its profits - Five million dotars." "a little ture or less" of the Public Debt ? Yet I am not done with the Comptrol ler's and President's Reports. You urge with much seeming earnestness the fact that the Bank has paid vast sums without the people having to raise a dollar. But what credit does it rlserve for that ? Give me a million of dollars and i can readily pay a million of Debt. The people gave the Bank all this money and the Bank has merely 'paid it out-but at a heavy com mission, which has come also, every cent of it from the people. The profits of the Bank have been stated as above. Now if you will refer to the Table annexed to the Bank report of 1847 also above refetred to. (Reps. and Res. 1847 pp. 22. 40) and calculate the interest at 7 per cent on the Capital there reported in column four, for the last four years, and then turn to the Report of the President, pages 42 3 Reps. and Res. 1843. you will find the statement below to lie correct. You will see that the President there estimates the interest on the Fire Loan at six per cent. But as the object is to acertain what would have benteprofits of the whole cep' ~yith vhich=the State has:from;.t not+ ave esttmatc any.,popton' er cent ; I have therefore made the correction, and accordingly added about $70.000.00 to his statement. The accounts then statads thus: In:erest- on whole Capital utp to 1843 incrlusive, at legal rate of' 7 per cent. per annum, $3.023,798 32 Interast on same at samo rate to 1st Ocrober, 1847, 96,.033 44 84.591,831 76 Bank Profits reported as already st ated, 4,587,050 74 Profits less than legal inter est by balatnce of $4,781 02 Thus in the long run, by its own show ing. the Bank has not made quite as much motney nut of the~ people's money as the people might have made themselves at lawfutl interest. The~ worst of it is. thnt it is tmaking less and less every year. In its early years it made 10. 13 nod 16 per cent. per annumi. hut yet on the acerage of the whole pcriod it has not ma.le 7 per cent. Even in 1843 its profits ha;d been a liractiont over 7 per cer:t. It has fallen off since, and will continue to dio so. The concern is rutbning dowtn fast, antI on mat ter hoaw well it is mtanaged it is the interest of tile people to bireauk it up. T[he profirs. however, are reported as nett. The lantk has besides made its expenses andi paid i's aserrtained losses. Thtase nre the Commtris sions which the people have paid for keep. ing up an eanblishment which has not netted thtem 7 per cent on their money. These are exorbitatnt. The expenses of the Batnk lae' year, (see Rep. and RIes. 1847, p. 30 1.) wete $38.937 56. Sup posing them to have averaged $35 000) per antnumt. for the lat 33 years. they will amount to $1,225.000, while the known atnd acknowledged losses have been $562,244 02. ( Reps. and Res. l 847.p. 34.) Mlakinig over 81.787 000 in then. gregare, and1 about 38 per cent on the profits. I have now (lone with your statistics. You allege that the Bank has paid large sums, and I have .shewu that the people have furnished it with mens more tha'. sufficient .to pay all it has paid. I have shewn also that it has credit ftor paying~ money which it never tade. bitt obitaitted rromn the State. It is tnot the Bar.k that has saved thte people from taxation, hut the people's oton money, derived originally rro?n taxation. And the interest on that money has amounted to such an enormous tut, that hut for the Debts 'lie State has ncurred, there would now lie no occasion ror taxation at all. Yet but for this aren mulation, of mtoney in thte Bank, I htazard mihing in saying that these debts wvould iever have have been incurred. No man vould have dared to tax the people to go I t,to the ruinous system of Internal Imt irovements in 1818. or into .the Cinein< tati liubble of 1837. But the Bank Fundt tithe first itntence, anid the Surplus Reve. tue in the. second, brought about these i ltsastrons measures. Thteso events prol,e S hat Governments cannot lhe trusted by he people with at dollar of money be !Ondl their atnnual necessities, and1 a iiisO 's cumbered will abolish all FUVs wader the control of their Govern ment. Let us now examine your objections to the question of "A Voter." Yon have misapprehended from becinniin to end, the whole scope and purpose of it. nud the ground on. which it resis. You say ii is u "mode." That you will only Five your opinion- as to "principles," ani that your principle is "a thorough exanntia tion of the Bank." Now I submit, that a " trode" is a measure. and that " a thornugh examination of the Bank" is a measure and nothing more, and that the Et;:lish of the whole inatter is, that vou preferr your ineasture to mine. We have not been much in the habit of questioning car.didates in this Distiicr, and especially about abstract principles. There are, however, a few instances where we have questioned thet and punished them about appropriations. which are mteasures. We have questioned th:m about divisions of the District, which are measures. We have questioned them about nullification as "the mcde and measure of resistance." All our questions have been about mea stres or "modes" if you prefer the term. I have but one objection to your measure of a grand committee, and that is that I am perfectly certain it would all end in smoke. If you could get your commit te, the Batik would present clean and satisfactory balance sheets, as it is always prepared to do; and as to trying the sol vency of every debtor, it is wholly in practicable in your way. There are numerous insolvencies not yet recorded in the Clerks or SherilTh' Offices. If they were so recorded they would he nlready public, and the presumption is known to the Bank and every body else interested. There is no way to test nnv man's solveu cy fully but to rcquire him to pay. And there is no way to test the solvency of the Bank but to require it to wind up. All other tests will teail. They will answer no purpose but to lull suspicion The test which I proposed was of a different char acter and for a different purpose. It also involves a principle, and that principle a owuamental one. I prefaced my ques tion with an extract from one of the arti cles of " Anti-Deht," because the priori. ple involved, and reasnna for the question were clearly stated. ar! i bener form than I w:as capable of doing i'. The pen ple have conferred upon their representa, tives, and through them upon the Direc tors of the Bank abmolute and unrestricted Power over the whole of the Public Funds invested and deposited in the Bank, amounting u4ually to li'tle short of $1,000, 000; and tt addiiion thin Legislature has authorized the Directors of the Bank to incur debts to the amount of double its capital, for which the State is honund, and in fact they have bound ito pay the debts of the Bank to whatever extent ihey may be contracted. (See 5th Sec. Charter, 1812, Bank Comp p 4.) Thus the property of everyleitizen of South Car,t lina is at the mercy of the Bank. This is n tremendous power for the people to con fer upon any set of men to use at th'eir discretion. Is it possible far them to throw-too manyguards around it? Can ev,told theiragents one and all to ton un aecountahility for the.use uof it form'and"to the fullest .possr e-ex Yet they have exacted scarcely anything. A biennial investigating coimittee that never fails to sing the praises of the Bank in the same cuckoo notes, or if it should dare in utter a- single discordant chtirp is sure to receive the t ebuke of the Legisda ture. (See Bank Cotmp. pip. 171-191.) Annual Rteport whicht ito one reads.-a Private Report which never reaches the people-lately a Monthly Exhibtit which no one can publicly comment on without beinig dlenouncedl as a sort of incendiary. These are aill the checks the p)eople have on those conirollinig absolute!,, so vast an amonnt of their ptroperty, and with power to incttr debt to any extent. Now the funds of rthe Bank are loaned out. Whlen an ordinary citizen goes there to borrowv montey, he goes as he would to any other Batik and is accommodated only in pro portion to his ability to pay. But as the Otlicers andI Directors have all the funds in 'heir power. andl the tlemhers of the Liegislatatrc have the Odieers andti Direc. ttrs ini their power. these two classea niay neenm-n,odate themselves beyjond f/her ability to pa A-ND tttRF. Ltes -iuE GitArTFsT D.vUGER-In the mutual and reciprocale obligations to each other, antd the consequiener.s which grow ittt oif it. It is idlle to s;ay. that if they ;aro honest men they will tnt help themseilves to, an tuainte shtare ofl the jecople's money. If we repose solely upon the hoitesty of met we are gont'. If etur rights, our proper ty and our inistitutints rest upon tno stronger guairantee thtan thte virtues of our Rtilers they are tnot wtorth the ink I am nowv using. Alao is frail, an.] power al wvays dangerous. A wise peeiple will alwayvs keep a bit in the mioutht of every onte itey place above them, and hold the reins in their own hiand,s. By what means r::t the pteople kntow whether those tot wvhntn they liav e inutrusted four millions of Jollars anal all the influence it gives, may aot corrnttally abtuse ttte enormous andl empimg power they have, unless it is lIearly ascertained ait least annually, if lot oftener, how much of the mroney '-ach ine appropriates to his own u.se. Whar-. sver oilier secrets may be necessary to Batnking, this is one which is vital to the reople tat untlock. The inf.,rmation thus Izrived may not satisfy us ti-at the Bank a nmaking mtoney. That is not the pur tose of it. But it will show us whtelter tur Representaitives andt oethmer aegentis are nanaging fjhr us or for themselves. antd his infornmationa is all imipeorant. It is tet to lie Iirhiidden that the mem'bers of he .Legislature and B:tnk Oflic.ers and )irectors shall borrow motny from the anik, but the people ought to have the neans oaf deciding whether they borrow aoa much.. If the Bank, as you say, can tot stand up under sutch a m~easure, I sny at the Batik falIl. Th'le life sustainir.g rinciple of Repubilican, in which all titers livo awl nmove ad have their I eing--the principle that all Public agents shall be fully and strietly account ble to the People. int the whole lengthc nid breadth of their Trusr. not only sanc Oios tt imuparatively demands it ; an th I rhatever public institution stands in the ray of-it is hostile to lIepuiblicatnism, and 1 unhbre abonhishcd. I do ntnt eann to s Cast impu'atiouson any penon. 1 charge no one wth having ct:rruptly abused power. I 1tknow nothing of the deb:s of Mletnl(ri tr 1)'r-ctrir, Ive the uudenied charge that th' l)irectors alone owe the Baik over $750.00 on their ir,dividual ncntItt. This suim "ecm s to be a great one t be divided among # few men. It tay be all prorer. But it is enough to awaken an interest and connected with nther lBank transactions to w hich I have alluded, it j'siifies the people in resorting at n11CC no-l without loss of time to the exeriie of important rights over whiksh they have slumbered tmn long. and which Ihey never neglect wi,bout sooner or later ittcurring eminent danger. hlaving now stated as succinctly as I colul Iia principles on ?hbich the question I put to the Condidates rests, and the pur pose of the -"mode" prtoposed. I take my leave of you. by s:iying that I see no rea son why both our measures may not be carried nout-yours for the occasion-mine for a per:::an":ncy. They do not conflict with each other in the least. Pledgeyour self to mine, and I will give all the sup port I can to yours. As no man in this country is compelled to take office, no one need incur the accountability I would exact, if in the least disagreeable to him. A Vora. The following extract has been kindly furnished for the Mercury by a getleman of this city: WAsnINGTOv, June 27. 1815. Mr. Calhoun has just delivered one of the most profound spe.ehes that that great man ever spoke His speech will be-pub. lished as soon as he can prepare it. It was;leliverei with an almost monitary solemnity. lie quoted Mr. Jefferson's let ter upon the "issouri Compromise---he showed the apprehenstons there express. ed by Mr. Jefferson are now about to -be realized. lie spoke boldly but with tem p-r, tpon the prospects of disunion. le then traced the whole abolition Mania to that sentence in the Declaration of Inde. petdence, -"That all men are horn free and equal." Never did I listen to a more masterly. discrininting analysis of any sentence. lie showed that the whole idea w.1% f.tunded on a misconception, that it led to absurd reslt, antd that the daugers wer- inappr"ciable. This was no coin-, mon speech. It was the voice of the Sage directed to every interest of the Union. ;It spoke in tones of deep solemnity to the lover of the Union--it spoke trumpet tongued to the Southern members-it fil ed every one .cith reflection, and its abti ity by every one was acknowledged. WAsItaGTOr, July 3 The absorbing topic just at this time is the Missouri Compromise, for which a strettuous efFort is now making by all par ties. Mr. Calhoun has given us to under stant, in his late speech, that if "stavey were left to itself, it would not reach' be yond 36o 30 parallel, and not much' be low it. He stated this merely en pasant, recognizing that parallel as the natural, physical'!imit, hut by that means sff' ciently intimated that there wouldlb"Ino great hardship in the. South':'eep u sueli aocan: uti tti caiie o abisoeer o t~eT. most by a spee "' c ould per' intat -this quiestion, and < lastma settletit-of.0 that, if the present op - 's.reason toLear proved, it will not soon ~nty, is not .im edl. If the agit ation now 0amn present, E&asteron and Western States. Ont in' the great E-npire State (New Yor int the mitted to increase antd.influencee th er Pr--sidential election, then the party :: t will at once he drawn, and the men w have conjured sip a spirit of disunion and provincialism will not be able to banish it. Manay Northern Senators and MIembers, for te sake of peace, are willing to vote for a compromise, and the wise and mod erate tmen of thte South seem to be ready to accede lo it, and so it is still' possible that the most perplexing qtuestiont of the present day3 mtay be disposed of before the adjouzrnmentt of Congress. LATER FROM EUROPE. The sueeimer Cambria. arrived at Bog. toni on the a0th uft.. withI advices fromn Liverpool to Junie 17'h. True bills have been found! by the grand .jury at the June session of the Central Criminal Court, Londolun. against Messrs. Ernest Jones. Ltissell, Vernont. Looney, Sharpe and Williams, the Charrist'leaders, for seditinon. It is said that the Pt)pe has espressed a mnost an)xiotts desire to visit Ireland. The Lords of the Treasuriy have prahi- ' hi ted thle exponrta tioni ofarms frotm England, to be emp'loyi)ed in hostilities against Den mtark. F RA NCE. The Bona parte movement in Paris is jtust one .f those shifts by which the French )pi)ple constantly remind us of their inistability. Ten diays back, what ever may have been the contenitions be tween the various political factions: by which Franco was torn. --fidelity to 'the R--pubbe'' was the professed cry of every id ividl Freinchman, from the.Prince tie Joinville itt his exile down to Mr. Bar hes, itn his dungeon at Vincennes. Reae. ht) was the onte untpardoable wish wvhich ' all men dis-tvowed, thne one motive that woutld a' once have been mentioned as the expulantation of whatever crime might have been commtited. The details of the p)resentt mnovementt. as far as it has yet gone, miay be euasily described, (or the ukuole business seetms to have been merely otpttlsive. The retturn of Prince Louie, nentiontedl by thte last steamer. among ihe lfeven ntew representtatives for Paris, took very onie by surprise, one probhably the ri--ce himself no less than other praise. lhe ainnoincemntt at his success was im nediately received with tretnendous shouts *y thte mtasses. La-ntarine then appealed ' the National Assembly, in the name of lie Governtmptt, to crush w'hat he assum di to hie the objects of the Jhonaipartists by t once pronouncing the exclusion of the 'rintce antd prnclaimniug to the world that tie admissioni of three of her famnily, which ad already taken place, was not to he onst rued itt his favor. since while ,t...e