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'i0y, regarded as s0, srnhy i&uI viuase, 'witboutthoslightest refeteuce t the p culiar political orgauisa'ion of our sta or even an attewmpt to adjust the p r of appoiuling'the electors so as to arm to it. But ete assumption, that the 'ople are the stalein'That sense, is as unfounded, as the first hit which it rests that the Con stha pjlM ives Wieipp iir'eI totrem. But even this unfounded assumption, 'rdits. on another equally, so; that the @t4inerical majority is the people, and on that rests, the conclusion, that the aduprion of.thegeneraLtieket;_whirh.-A'l& give the son er to it would be ibe smite as giving it to ' li And ibis bribgs hs -to the final ati i'aaieel assumptiou, which lies at the bottom of the whole st'vies, that the lt ijtt his-'tie ittfr1tinherent and indefeasible right o'f govering,-an as Arinptioantonlytaerly :unlunded,'but of tie 'most dangerous character, and in:iMt k en'tlict with tite Constitutiounof this state-and that of the:union. All .at n tdibghts are -the 'rights' of- individuals,. and belong:'o them as .such. They ap petain neither.to majorities,normieritties On:'tbe contrary, all political, tights are codventional.: Neither iaajorities,. or mi' norities can 'rightfully excreise any': suchy bait-by-coim'pact or agreement, -exp,-essed' ot- implied>---Some of' the states of :he: union;. it would seem, - have. based their Coanstitiious on:.the aussmptiu, that.-the snereumneical majority has thmeo.right-to govern.i:a;i such it would; indeed, be: .the state by -tmplicatiin,-and the - adoption of the general ticket. by them, for the ap pointment of electors, would be in. confor itaynwith -the provision of theifederal Can sti ioni which vests it in the state. Rut, suem'is not our. easie. 'Our state is: orgad=' i-ed'on the far broaderand more solid aed' durable foundation,-of:the roucurrent ma' 'jority tothie entire exclusion of the numner ical. o 'v adopt, then, the genetal ticket would: not be'-with us to give tie. appwista tnaritAio'tbe.. state.-- On the contrary., it wuW be'-to introduce a new-element, cal; -culated-.tosubvet -and.desiry 'the very foulntition on whii'h.its~organ'iation vests ashas-fineen shown. ' . - Setting,' then, 'aside the general ticker, tiar "-tbese'.amerous :nml insurmountable objections; as utterly inad missible,'tiother alterdarive'is left,:hut touretain the present m 'eeforippointrieut, or. adopt the -Dis trets'e4utl to the number of its electors, ad allut'the -appoinment of one to.eacl. if-itshould:be thought preferable to' gire thesappointment ;directly . to -the peopla'e without .any intermediato - agancy,then,, the" 'latter should he adopted, as the only - way- which it .can he truly given io theta;sud, that -tot. with-strict jes:icerte the tiwt- great divisions of the state',- and without thme-hazard of destroying or- di.' turbing -tire i compromise between theri' The- strongestolhjection to it:=is,4hat 'Ii wigttdiminish rhe -rletive -weight:.f-the statoi the Presidential eloctionp'by' ex presin; ite:vote toihehazardof' a division. It-ig certituly desirable o-'nsoid that, so. loogtas'thetorher states shethllentiinue to. concentrate' theirs by . a geidrht :ticket, But, I muatLsay, even setiting ihis objet-tinn aside ,that1dan see no.adaequate reasae for-changing -the pyeseuit--todes-"Uuler otgr-wel constructed anl ljust Constitution. thiteistatosenumay,witb .trict-rkegard- to truit, nidtbobe; theMue refo#eehtauives of-tbe-atCe. -it-as -hIeretofore-pr'oved to be .o'iantlheappointt:ent of electors. In. 'miiistittiehaar it-deteiirdd or betrayed thme. stilte ii reference to it.-. Noratm I aware, of any ;formidable'oh jeetion against continuing - the: present mn'de-gwowing out of the -lute act of Con gresswic may nochbe met by'ian a utendment of our stale Constitution, hixng an earlier (lay for the meeting of thte Leg isature every fourth year, so that it may be in session to comply"wi-th its proeieious, and in liha'v'ing a call 6ession for t hat pur 'pose; unil: the amendsment catn be madel. But whe!ther that should be done, -or the District system adopted. not wimhstantd- tho hazard of dividing the vote of the state: are questions to be decid d, uot so much by reference to pritnciple as consider tions of expediency iin reference to which the Legislature is the miost comnpeienzt -to de cide. - -But it is urgedi, that-a change most lbe made, because the Legislature has no rightsto appoint the electors. To this it may be fairly answered, that the objec' 'tionicomles ton late, The f'ederaJ govern amentvhas been in operation more than half' a cetntury, during which time, there have been fifteena Presidential elecrions, at ~,each- of which .one or more -states have "*'appointed their electors 'by the Legista - tureand in Inot : asingle instance have the two houses of-Copgress,ini counting .the votes, objected to receise the vote of~a state~'because,iI w as cast by electors up pointe4.b~y is Legisnlaw~re - But .uaiving. this .ertsier, I cannot pqrfeiVe any solid groun~md for the objecmion The, federai eon.iuion expressly vests the power .of- appointing the electors in, the. stateert th~at is, as- bast~bmen shown, rn thme people, in thbeir -orgatijined character as consitinting a body puhltic,.and~ the power ofdirecting the: manner~oI' appotng im their Legisla tures, without qualihcatiut. It is left to their disorenmon te decide, wveth er. it-shall re done dirgcly by the people of tje'state oridfreedylrough interme diaite gents, proviihed the mnanner direcied shallbo sulh as to be fairly thme act of the stagtinl~ikf Aespepigin the chafacter above.,stitd.; The more .perfectly and ibli~otti m t'heirin that 'characfert the'mtore, perfectlv an fully would 'the mee~tiolof the 'Contiiglion be complied inheintheyr done ibrough the direct voteauf the -people, o'r anty iaitermediate agenj,iudluding the Leislature. 'But it isceermain,..that with us, wvhatey'er may be~the caseif inother states, -no otlier agen cy'could be constituted or sny uther tmode of appointment'adopted, that 'woudh mnore perfectly nod fully represent the state, or make the appoitrient niore -taly itl-act, than triat by its Legislatur'e. I:iiave comtpliedti ihl your; request, - - wiias mucht brevity itspossible- coniside riw~g the imp;ortanceadI - complex charac -t bf ethte question involved. I have, ant'e'ed eapeuienmced nid inconsiderabie diffi cdifffisliscutssng~some'Of the'y pomuts, to. *eiiisuflshef-with. sutiicment clearness to b6iI usadtestood, .withfot' going inmo'a * dr e~sibtPofashi8e'f4-he fundamental pmiriblek~ol pIbidal science. if it may. be sonIed' and..therelly, intcressing unrea .sakltrhe-lennh: 'omy-answer to yout' riquest., As t is. I fear, ia atte ing to iad ' iyg t4~e nt, e 'eL~yI la oa. y. eSanig, onbsotmi of tii' ai,t age 'okburitiy... -; i piop permit me to'say,.; what, ?ave written Should !ehea an ad itional ray-of light on the nature and character ofour e Ie~n)3!Ate.Censtitution or con tributIhfi-lgree, to guard agaanst tie adoption of-airy measure calculated impair or weaken it, i shall feet mjaelfstanpy coatgiensated for the time and . reflection I have bestowed en this communication. J.. C. CALHOUN t~wkflit, irD.GiFIELD C. U. 'Wiin suet. NvEMBER 25. 1816.' -Aoensiderablegiortion of-our paper to-day is taken aswsiie letter of -Mr. CA.bUN,.dn tlie sthjectioftliweroposed changtvin'our State Cdnistitutiod4 iireference- to the.eleitibn-of' Presidential electors. It will be en that Mr. Calhodi ndecididly: prefers.the.present mude emplojed in:ode State. He ij-for adhering to the c'o:primiiseiade about forty yearsagdr, betw'en iThe ower and trjper country. This coSipromriie hai produce( the happiest acei4'ts in South Carolina, and so far has given entire satiside.tion, lothe people. We believe that. thepresent mdeeofelecting electors is equal to,. if not;auperior.tv any that can .be devised. If it-be retained achange in our State Constiin. tion will'beneEWsay, fixing an earlibriay'far th' a-sembling!of o'ur -Legistature, to &d h conplyjivita thfatti Cbn rcss 'n the subject. It e'I eti. oe albandonedwe.ciddly prdfr te.Dstrict system, which will divide the State in4 ,nine..distlrt. equal to the num besof Presidential. electors, and' alluuIng the appsntment ofone to each,: This subject will 4uobtless.engdge the.. ttention of the !.egisla tare-nowinsession," We respeotfully'acknowle4ne the reipt of 2 chzrges'of Gun Cotbui;'oaccoriipaiea by an aceunt fthe ilisci'er of the proesei f hman nfacturing itby Pfesor Ellet, of the South C.li College Ihe account will be found. in our colnmn.sto dany. - . .-, - We tyitneed. the trialtofa rifle with.ono of the charges, and lound that it answered rtk ably well, having hm ied the ball to thede h of sbout dj -inthes, *n a plik, at the 'distance of rorty4e~ur fitly feet. We presue'thei.ebarge wastooiigh:t. - On Monilny last, thh Legislature-of this Sito enirinienced its regult sesgion,'aVCC'ldmbia. The pre'sent sessio Uill be one of obnsiderable. anties. .el'jav,e-madearrapgements which wilt enible uatgly before ,our reatiiJ most ?mportantpartsof tbe ptoeid i body.. ",. :* - Congress- 'he time for tho assembling of this body St Washiagtonis approaching.. Upon Mfordav. week,-the 7th.of December, they who hold the-destiny of the-nation in their hands wilt assematile. Thei, pre'aent assinslmte to the (ftirth day of tf arobt.seso litd ?'roposed Resuding Room .--At a vast meeting of ro Tenipdrance Society of this place, a meembcr iade at i-oposition, for the Society to establlish a.(teadinag lIdom for the benzeTtof the mnemabers. It was enggested, that the citizens generally, frienidiy to this enterprise, be solicit ed to co operste with the Sociely. Thme Pres ident made some remarks upon this subject, and called upon aill the mnembers atnd othe~r per sonms piesent to give their aid towards th~e ac-. comnplishmaent .of 'thIs very latndable project. Thme remarks were well received, and all seem. ad impressed with the great 6enets resualtinig from. the establishmtenat.or a. 7i~ading Room. We know notbing which will uitemtore pro fit with. harmless -gratifi~cation 'then this. All who lanve any leisure moments to spare,pannot bet ter emiploythem durbnw iht day~ or in ih's, eetring,'then' in a Reading Rdon A number of the 6'esi papers of theUnison can be fulderi bed for by~ those friendly togthia object, .at a comupardtively sumall dos*..: ..Everyorie can tImes read all the paiprs which may be taken on much cheapor terms, then on atry other plan. Respectable stratngets who may be in ouit coin mnmty, alfast busirress or pleasure, may be in trodue-d into the Reading Room by a member of the asociation, AndJ thereby be mnch bene fitted dtrringibeir staf' amgi us. 'This of itself, gs no smtall matter,.and would increase the attractiotr- of- this place-for visiters. -. It is scarcely necessary to bring forward further ar gument upon ti itubject as. all mti's see the great utility .of the enterprise.' . '. .: - At the last meeting of the Soocty, a resolu tiosr oi' thb subject of the ReadIng Room was brought forward, and aller some discue~orwas passed. The 1bllowing aecapitolatiob of killed did woatdeti'in'the different divisions orilie Am'er ican army, Int the takirng of'aont~ ,'is "or tracted from theie'pdrt' fonvarded to thoWr Department at Washington City, arid'therefote no doubt cori ect. -... Xli~I. .Wounded. General-Worth's, Division,- 9- -'46 Col. Hay's Regiment, 8 '18 Col. Wood'i.Regiment,. 9 f 4I Gen. Twiggs' Division, fiG 122 ttsen. RBtler'sDivision, 47 y - Total - 190 350O d Total killed-and wounded 472; to'ihich may be added four that are missing, but'sdyposed-to' banbeEnNitmd.' - - . Famine in dogfeTie religious denoinl' aationis of the Britilen"IdlanJ have all appoint ad services andI. prayersitable to timues offa nine. The Scotch'argi o~ther disetiig:Churcit. rs~aro holding fat 4ays, hieEpiscopal Churche as have introdutced a new -form of n raverd ar vn up tor the ocea bytb dCa jrry. e ered diamiee ii. 't - Rabbi AM r has prepai a PeeCittlly, 1'fr the eish -ymo gues; .oth&r de* nominatlnishre, i ntleir o eenliar Wy, pouring 3et1 their aspiralto the Deity, to avert-the-borror-which noA ne na tions ofthe 'ld-world. *Teastre i Columa perceive that the Theatre, under the managea nt of Mr. Forbes, has recently been opesedy Columbia. The company is doubtless sj*ia respectable one. Tiieat s . sin~Y..-~The Charleston Theatre closed Ipr the season, on th-D oefiie?;'ineifi aagimet of Mr. Forbes, who .forseveral year- past has cterd fert' "the-pub'lie'ts'st a haumsement, highly to, and 'indicati4 f peceiliar fitness on his datt Since'the npening night. there have beei brought out in the: Theatre, Comedy, Tragedy; "and the Ballet to-test-the capacity of the' coiipainy, w.hich is said to be sufficient for any department of ibe Dramia. Among other attractions. Miss, Mary Anne Lee, an accoma plished laiscuese, upon the Chauleston boards. She hai been absent for some yeari, onl a visit to-Enrope, for the purpose oh tiiptoiing herself under the -best inasters..and brings home with her the' Ballets andDances -mdst populat in Europe. .Mr. Webster,-The PI ladelphians have in vited the hIop. Daniel Webnter to partake :ofa dinner, previons; to his. taking. his seat in the Senate thisaessioni which .inyitution Ia hua excepted, and appeirtcd.the 2S dqy-ofDecemn her as te ime he will be prepaied, to -meet themr.. . . .. - Wonder, if be will:not.-be. reeiveJ by the Iron grasp ofthp wantufacturei oft hat portion of tie Uninn- and receive a retaining fee, in the shape of Sour crowd'., Spokedggec,.E-c. (The favorite beverageatathis sespa of the year, among the Pehisyhvanianh,) spiced with a ht. Ole of the needful. The Palmetto Regiment:.-The glorio:s News hascomeat last!--The brave and chivalrous sons of South Carolina, will now bare. their arms against the foe to Nobthern rights, and Southern institutions. We feel confident, that the calt of the Go. vernment will be responded 'to in'gillant style, and the proud Palaeto, will unfu'ri its banner, ere long, under the comtmuand eel the bravo Talor. The, following requisition. have been sent.outdrornihe war Department, calling into service of thi United States, aine ad ditional Regiments of Volunteers, to serve during the war 'itb Mexico. unless enounr discharged . .. One regiment ot uafantry from.Massachu settsi - - Ote regiment orinfdut fron 'Statd of TNew'York. One regirue a a o .0Car olina. One 'regiment of intaiiirj fron South Car' elsi. One regiment of infantry from Louisiana. One regiment of infantry from Mistsifpi. One regiment ofmnounited nmen from Texas. WAR D)EPAaTMETT, Nov. 16, 1846. Sir-In my cotImunicationi of tihe 19ih of May last, your Exnceecy was regott' ted to organize one Regiment of V,,lnu eers, under the Act of the 1:nh of thtat month, to be held in readiness for public service. The President now directs ime to no'ify' to-your Excellency that one Julfantry Rn ginent of Volunteersa, from your State, is required for immediate servic~e, and to coin. tinue therein during tie war with-Meuib'o. unless sooner discharged. .The Regimnent will, consist df-- Cln,1 Field and Staff.-l Coon taLiut. Colonel; 1 Major; 1 Adjntatni a Lieuten 'ut of oce' of the Cornpanes, but not in' addiion Non C'ommissioned 'stof -I Ser geant' Major ;-1'.Qstartermdeier Sergeantt ;two Principa-Musicians, and i). Comrpamnes, each of whkhr to'conAgstaf: I 'Captain ,1 FirstLieutenant ; 2.Second Lieuteuants; 4 b'erjeants; ; Corporals; 2 M~usicianis, and.80 Privaies. Should thie dumber of privares, oh beinig musered, Yioi fall 'belotw 6ity-lbiieffect ivemdn in'a Corrfsanyi iu will be received. Chatlestn is designare~d as the place af edezvous for th'e desiral corripamie% as. fas thtey shrall be rganised, and*where thy maybe further organized into a Reg imes if dest alteasdy doone undet aprevi ous' clf.I 'ThE itigmen1 will b'e inspected and m iter'd into'sbrice,.by drr officer or offidre dt the5 lUn'ted Stitt Army, who wl,lin. every ~e'be ibstrudted to receive noman whao-isti' syears apparently; oveir 4or.'tnder 18i ort who is ntioLf physicat strength adtvigo't. i T thgenti the In - spector- willk,acpemflanied~bygamdical ;Otlier ofhe arry ,and the ,oluteerB. will e su ~e'dt-is' etamination. It is) .rp igge''dia public hiaidof these rdreibebfs wiilfreventmuch list ap'iteihizlu and patrirotic citizenis'of ybus- Slater who may be die'-' posqd totvaitroteer.' By tlib endlbted.copy of; an Xei autho-, risgthePesideni to call. for volunteers, it efapoteived that. all thetieeld ad, ~Copany.Offic~e with ,vpluntegtri taken inte thg syrvgof theUnited' States, are tob Apntilad clicntssibied, or.such' sal d uen sippinte'n ih'inzmissioned isiacodinee-wih :tim laws-of the State weee theyete takeiiand :J.would :mug' gesths extre -importande to thbe publie servie,thattkeiofficerso ethe above-Reg imntbeja epLyselecied.. . in te' A fpi'ongress . evoreferred~ to i .wIIIals bg aben ih't i. terms of' "vibe ii. wetvemanak orto thieed readites tb enter .the'ersice,, may-regard the.ira ... .e ree ytference lo tho'4 former geriod. Shoulm4 th o be so, your * ellency wilkcause't5m'obe informed that the engagement 'required: by this re quisition is t .the- end of the war with Mexico, unless sooner discharged, and. on Iliscocdition only will their'e rvices be required. With this understanding, the Regiment will be accepted. If the modi feation suggestedshould not-be-acceptable to the regiment which has rendered its servicerw you, ire respectfully- teqjuested to proceed, without delay to enrol and organ ize one in fulfilment of this requisition. It may be proper to 'emark that the law provides for the-clothing (in money) and subistencc of the non-commissioned officers, musicians and privates of volun teei-s who are received into the service of the United States. fn'respoct to clothing, the law 'requires that the volunteers shall furnish their own clothing, for which purpose. it allows to each non-commission officer, musician, and private three dollars and fifty cents per month, during te 'time he shall be in the service of 1he United States. In order thatthe volunteers who shall be mustered into service under this requisition may be enabled to provide themselves with good and sufficient cidthing, the comnatation allowance for. six month's (twenty one dollars) nill' be advanced to, each. non commissioned officer, musician and'private after being mustered into service, but only with the eaptess condition that the Volun teer has already furnished himself with six months clothing-this fact to be certi fied to the Paymaster by the Captain of the Compan.-or that the amount thus advanced, shall be applied, under the supervision'of his Captain, to the object contemplated by law. In this latter case, the advaince cornmutation forcloihing will be paid-on the Capain's certificate that he is satisfied that it will be so applied. In respect to subsistence before arriving at the place of rendezvous, and fur trav elling home fron the place of discharge, the allowance is'fifty cents for every twen ty miles distance. . The President 'requests ihat you will be as prompt as possible in the arrangement of this' whole matter, in order that the volunteers may be ready for immediate service. Ollicers.of the Quarter Master and Subsistenee Department will be im mediately ordered to t'mu place of rendez vous, with funds to defray the necessary expenses which iay be incurred. Very respecttully, Your oh'i servant, W.'1 M A RC Y, Sec's. of War: is Excellency WIL.t.or Atoy, Oover nor cf South Carolina.. Mexican. War ! OLD '94 Boys ATTENTION You are -hereby notified and re quired to appear at Edgefield C. H., on Monday next, the 31st .instant,. at 0 o'clock,, A. M., at which' time the Corps will be complimented with A Stand of Colors, by a lady. and when let nite orders from the Command will be.extepded. ng expected ;all .from he War Department upon the .outh thrlina Troops has at length 'been made. Let 'those fom 'Edgefield be the first to hear suid dinswer? The Roll of the Company is ope~n to every able bodied maun betweeti the. age of 45 and 18 years, who regards his personal comfort less than) the honor of his CottntrW. *By order of Capt. Brooks : D). AD)AMS, 0. 'S. Ndv. 25 I t 44 FOURi DAYVS L AT ER FROM1 EUlRoPE: The steaeret Acadin. fromi Liverpool ar'rived at lioston. on the 17th instant, ufla king th-e passage in twelve days atnd eigh teen hours. 15he sailed fromt Liverptial ont 4th inst. The Acadia -having left hut ibrea or four days after the Great WVeg.tern, brings very litle news, and ni.our Boston enrrespon dentse received the news by the latuer, previously hj. telegraph, -they Ia(-o sent hile verlastiou in the pintcipal market quo tutions only, ubhich arc as follows: rlour in bond 33s. per hbl. - Free Flour'34s. to 34Is. 6.1 per bbl.. Corn,- duty paid. 55s. per 480.1h6t. Cotton, ordinary .Orions and Mlobile. 5 to Sftd; do. fuirdo.G t4'o~ld; dd. Gi to 7Ad. According to the above, thtero had been a slight decline in the English' grain tat'd 'four inarkets, during 'the four days ending the 4th instant. 'The co to'n marset had undergone no maet'i'l thauge. The Cabinet htas decided that Parlia-' ment is not to .ieet twtil January 12tht, ad that the ports are not to be opened to the. fres admission of grain. C'aasort Reicks.-The Charleston For ger, haty been sentence-] upo's pleading uity,! to 12 indictments; in each case to 2 months imprisontment, and MIoses' la w, utaking ,a moderate-term of a dozen years, td 468a~tes.' Thtis- mitigation of pun-. 'ishment is meted out to him untder (he ned~ lad m ie ad prod~ded in such ca'ses. - Sth Carolinian. The correspondent of the Charleston Cnu rier says :-"The Hon Win. RL. King, late Minister to.France, is now in Washington. He' ws a popular and dignified represent tative ofthis country while abroad- Should there be anay change in the Cabinet, it will not be till after the. commnencemient of tho sesinn. Should' Mr&. Eucha-nan go -to' Franc'e h'e ill libbil'y'ha suedeeded'in the Stat~e Dipartment by 'ir. King. 'T'Gou6e-mksl Lodn" Tdken.-'hle Natiisal -lielligeheeeh ol'usaturilay, se~ at the'i~ oa1i'ive Mlllidisof Dollars,' ad-ykrtised' ibr by the' Secretary of the: Treasury, hee been-ail taken; and that it is understood -that the of'ers exceoded ini amantnt ihe sum required. . For the Advertise?. -.Mi1 rnToa,-The important tetiti ry recently announced, by Professor Sio onheio, of Germany, isas might have been anticipated from its sharacter,excitinthe deepest interest throu'isut'the whole-ivi lized world. The practicability, of.com municating a highfy explosisive condition to odinarv Cotton, a material abounding in all mild climates. and which may be transported to every point of the globe at a very trifling expense, cannot faill to pro duce the most interesting results. It is by discoveries of this character, which affect the great interests and opera tions of society, that the human race'have made the most palpable and rapid strides towards civilization and social improve ment. There is unquestionably, in all im portant discoveries, and more especially in those, which at first vievy, seem only to refine the means of human destruction and to render them still more revolting to hu masity, a nice adaptation to the particular wants of the age. i:rw hichthey are corn niunlkated to the world. Tliti ibanven: .ion of Printing, by Guttenberg, in the middle of the fifteenth Century, was pre. eminently suited to the pressing demnands of society at that period; so much so, that without some such ouilet to thought, ind means of its distribution ationg society, civilization must have receded rather than advanced. It emancipated the human energies. and broke assunder the trammels of ignorance and superstition, which had for so many ages mhade man the pliant tool of petty tyranny and inhuman despotism. In like manner did the discovery of the Mariner's Compass enlarge the field of human enterprise, and give scope to the already rapidly expanding powers of man; thus uniting all the nations of the earth by the ies of social connexion and commer -cial interests. Viewed in this light, the discovery of Schoenbein, with suitable mechanical preparations for the cheap and expedicious manufacture of the Gun Cot ton. appear to be another and essential step in the onward march of civilization, to*ards that condition of uninterrupted harmriny to which all ihe nations of the earth seem to be tending. If the doctrine be true, which has so often been impressed on my mind by our very learned and highly gifted Professor, Francis Leibei that in proportion to the vehemence and destrtistideness of wars, there is a corresponding diminutionofthose terrible cdifiicts adiong nations; which have hitherto dhligttred the pages of his tory in all ageso'f tite d#oild; this discovery may be hailed as one df the great precur sors of that social condiio'n, for which the nineteeth century is sdo iapiJly preparing the way. The means of hum'.udestructiou are becoming so refined and perfect, through invention and discovery, that war must in - evitably cease, so terrible will be its cer tain consequences, and so absolutely sure the mutual ruin of contending armies. The discovery of the Gun Cotton, althhugh made by Professor Schoenbern, of Grerma ny, was no sooner announced in this coun try, than its details were unfolded, or at least simailar results obtainedl. by Dr. Wmn. I{. l0ller, the distinguished Professor or Chemistry, in the South Carolina College. Mr. E~ditor, we have reason to con gratulate ourselves on this event, which in -the end, is destined to illustrate our In stitutioni and State. Schoenbein's discove ry had scarcely sounded itla existence in Eur'ope brefore its echo was reverberated from the Labioratory of our owvn College Professor Leibrer, having seen the ftact in a German paper, annoned it immediately to Dr. Ellet, who with 'his accustomed celerity of pedetration, saw at a glance. time metho~d of irs manudacture, which lie said would turn out to be, th steeping of Cotton in Nitric Acid. The next evening, Oct. 14rlh, Professor tilet submitted it to experiment and obtained a satisfactiry re sult. Several darys subsequaent tothe most satisfactory etiperimaents thode by Profes sor Ellet, the suposed details of Schroen tein's discovery were disclosed by Profe sor Omao. It app~ears, huodevr, according to Otto's own declaratiaon, ihat in hrs ex perimentu; h6 employe'd liitric At~cid a one wvhich renders-the manufacture of Cotton, into an Siplosive material, capable of ex tensive Ltility, difficult, if notimpractica b1e. The like may be said of the original, disedvery, if Otto has revealed the ideuti cal' process of manufactte ddmapted by Schoenbein. Be that as it raagy, with no other hi'nt thati itie nra/'ed truth,. Professor ElletiJia, dbtaned tige most perfect specimens of the explosive Cotton, discovering all the ele merits entering into its production,.or cum position. -I was -present (assistiu, ae n thte manipulation), and witnessed ine first..x periment; which, though not completely coclusave, .neverthelesis e l1'diently'evin ed the presence of tlie sulhstanc'es neces sary for rhe manufacture of tis wrodder ful material. - The propellidg power of the. Gun Cotron4 compared with tihat tof.Gun Powder is very great; pirhaps as 7 to I: indeed-several experiments haVe shown,' that'it cannot b'e rnhles than this pro prtion;' Novembet- 1l8th, the 'propellity~ power of this material was submnied tp est, in the pfresence of the FaQut of aIi Oollege, affording tjtrain a, t nishir g e. .nts. In dnni ma~nn n whit~an n rqner~I 'opportunt ofeTs, I will, by your pe rmais swon, ftsh your columns with a com plete analysis of the theory of this matter and the method of its production, or manu facture. Your obdient serv't.' ~ GCEO. W. LANDRUM. South Carolina College, Nov.20,'46 HOW TO MAKE GUN-COTTON. Dr. Otto, Professor of .Chemistry iti, Brunswick, has published. the following statement in the Hlanoveyian Gazette : Entirely independent of Schoenbein and Beltger, but relying on an observation of Pelou*.o, contaj#ed in the one hundred 'and thirty-sixth pgg'bfthe-irstvolute of my Manual of Chemistr* Ih'ave succee; .ded in producing an; expkag epttotn which, after a series of expertmere anls quite suited to supply, the place-of gang powder.' 'Ii.order.io bring ' the: 'resii4*of important discoveries as speedily ,as.pfsi bile to the highest stiago of perfection' it seems to me necessary to.laythem imme diately before the public, ii iorder(-,thar many :persons may. turn their.sitentii.tq the subject. In scorn,:therefore,, o.self or take out a patent for my very' interesting discovery, the conseqoences-of - hich atet not easy to be foreseen, and'l 'hbw-pblisli itdi'r the general good of thaibli'. In the preparation of the explodang'.cbtton,.: common well cleaned cotton .idipped for about halfa minute in ,higblygonce;rate nitric acid, (the acid which f use being made with the distillation of ten partstof dried saltpetre and six of oil of vitroi,);and then instanily. placed in water, wiiaic must be often renewed, in order to free the cotton from the acid with which 'i is .im= pregnated. Care. must then. be.takpm.that all the knotty particles of.the cottpn are properly diset~tangled, and:. thatzit.ls hor .tugily dried. After . this the.'explasive preparation is readylet- (eia elect create astonishment in .all .who witness them, and the smallest bortion" ;xplodes when strtck on an anti! i:itii a -i(mmer, like fulminating powet. When" kindled with a glowing body it takes-.ire just like gunpowder, and .when. used. iu a:gut its operation, though in a far greater propor tion to its weight, is precisely thesame as, that of gunpowder. This. gun-otro.a..is employed exactly in the same waytas gun powder. A piece of it is rammgd down the barrel, then a bit of waddittg, n'aireer that- a ball; a copper clp ignites arid - plodes the cotton. Without a ;single ex.: ception, all who have witnessed mesper iments have been must completely 'atiag- , ed.". From the Southern Chroticle. Gun Cutton.-l nanoiher pait of out -paperwe have published a eoninndication'. from a celebrated European chethistre -vealing the:method of-preparing 4he cele brated Gun Cotton. Experiments have.' been-made.at the War ofice in Washingtot - upon a quantity of. it sept Ito this' country by Professor choaebein, (who' claims. to be the inventor,) apd ,ath s ft1Ractory. results. We havE had sit ppor-n:tiftyo testing its explosite tq.l;lity persoinil'y, through the poliienes'ofrDr. Ellet, Pro tessdr of Chemistry in the south . Carolina College. and entertain on doubt that it will supersede. the: use of gun-,oyder-if the t. cost of tuannfacturing will admit of t-in a great degree. It explodes ntge rra'dit, than gunpowJer, and leaves omparitivel~r"} no sedinient oi''stai6 behii'd. It is due Dr. Ellet fortaie, that-o:the announcement of the dise'ery.-and some tim'e:hefore the'ecret of prepaing:ihe cot-., ton was revealed. he mnade:the discovery of , of the agent.epl'oyed,, int.d pecessfully tested it. Our readers will remember that, we siated the'faba, in our~paper ofi he 4th inst.;'an'rf it wias s'm'e lave previous to that tiune that we wete ldifdhd'offi. We learni thadt Dr. E. has sinmc disedfe'red that by adding another ana a:chieaper acid to the tnicric thme explosive quality is increased. Dr. E. has kinly promised to furnish us an article on this substitute for gunpowder, and we hope to preseut it to our readers tnext week.. Front Mxico.-A letter froniC'ap't.C* houtn, of the Georgia Volunteer', dated at Monterey, Octoher 12th, and published in the Savannah Republican,,.states that a skirmish took place bet ween somue'-of tIe * Georgiaps and a small force of the. 1Mex, icans un the 11th of. Octobet. Apfart of the Georgia Regimenf,:on their. way. from, Comargo *'to Monterey,.'.hi .esiamped about six miles from the Iat er place; wilt a heavy train of waguds.aid'dlulelloa'd'ed with provisions "for 'the' AMiny.' -'Early aftrr night fatll, it was 'aiice't'ained that a piarty of Catnalesr meht More i)i'aineighiror ing' rancho. They wirb'.attackell by a detachtment under Lieut.lorne, of the Sumter Volunteers. anid ten rmigoter8 and rome o'f the. .laggage of1 Canale wer. .taken. .(a'nales batI 'justt left the' rancho) to a'rrimgd the isit Ior he btl|t.0O + Mlexicah' as '"kiTal," anilt tii&.nn wounded is not't~iius None of -tha - Amriateer ilo wutnded. .MA.Cdkoga.-Then; New.'York Cor-; respo'adent oli tlte PhjtIlgqIph'.ma.-Enquirer. wriis.-"The friends anfi isdmirersofJaba C.A alhoun,.of S'outh C'arolipa, are busily eniage makin o'rton~o ah '1848. A~e aemet anpiorts ilmkdits a.pearanein a few .days'ii this city, the. printcpai-'etito~orWhidh beretofor., been a prominent .'Van Boren' man." "t'he New York Ijesaid, says:'-"Mr. Calhoun has mani ardqnt fciends intij region, who would gladL ifr hiin~the votes and influencefor the chiefmagi iiady~ - of the nation. , Ita 5s'l C gites'.'6TRichmodde. man -df gien:tintelleetiallhiiitf, (says a' cniresyntdetit of the New Ynrk~ol-nat of Comm'erceX testordf the Unted 'Presbye. terian.Chureh..(N. S.). bas- dealieed. ,6e title. of D' D., conferred by Abailansyl. worthy the dignithy el a~sery~t9f bhrist,. and tshe acet~e efi ce~tintenanetog ai-ti6cea 4i~ttmationp ;rn.n;i mitnistet'ial hired~ety'oftenausjtisfly manete r ag-3P eentray toq the sp~rtk of etii69se ' Seles~of Real and enal-Rulerty.. Charleto~n Conurier lIth jnst. : lDe Must in Ei'ni soil in Orangeborg Distrit ant