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Interval, an additional increase. Tbis, as I have stated, is not accidental, but is the result of causes inherent in the system it self, in the present condition of our coun try. It originates in the fact, that every increase of proitection- is necessarily fol lowed by an expansion of the currency, which expansion must continue to enlarge till the increased price of production to consequence shall become equal to the increased -duty, and when the importation of the articles prohibited may again take place with profit. That is the principle; and as it is essential to the peace and pros perity of the country that it should be clearly understood, I intend to establish its truth beyond doubt or cavil, and for that purpose, shall begin-with the tariff of 8, the last and by far the boldest of the series, with the view of illustrating, in its case, the operation of the principle. I entreat the Senate to give me its fixed at tention. The. principle, well understood, will shed a flood of light on the past and present difficulties of the country, and guide us in safety in our future course. To give a clear conception of the ope ratiod of the tariff of 1828, it will be no cessary to premise that it comprehended all the leading articles of consumption that could be manfactured in our country; a mounting in value to not much less than one-half of the whole of the imports; that the duties on these articles were increased enormously, as has been stated -say- not less than forty or fifty per cent.; that the average domestic exports at the time whs not much short of sixty millions of dollars, and the imports for consumption al,out the same; that the revenue from the im ports was about half that sum; and that of the exports, about three-fourths consist ed.of the -great agticultural staples of the South. What, then. with these facts, must have been its necessary operations on the currency of the manufacturing States? We export, to import. It is impossible to continue to export for any considerable length of time, without a corresponding re turn Qf imports. It would be to give a. way our labor for nothing. Our exports, then, continuing at an average of sixty millions, in what, under the operation of the tariff of 1828, must the corresponding imports to the same amount return? Not, certainly, to the same extent as before its passage, in the articles on which it had so greatly increased the duties? Its object in raising them, was to give our manutac tures the home market, by excluding the foreign articles of the same description. If it failed in that, it failed in accomplish ing any good whatever, and became an unmixed evil, without benefit to any one. The return, then, of imports, must have been principally in articles on which the duties were not raised as far as the cou sumption of the country woull warrant, and the balance, after paying what was due abroad, in gold and silver. The first effect, then, must have been to turn the foreign exchange in our favor; a most im portant consequence connected with the increase of gold and silver in relation to the curreney. The next must have been to turn the domestic exchanges still more strongly against the staple States, and in favor of the manufacturing. To under stand this portion of the operation, I must again repeat that the object of the tariff was to cut off the consumption of the for eign articles, in order that they should be supplied by our own manufactures. The necessary consequence of this must have been to diminish the demand abroad, and to increase it in the manufacturing States, and thereby to turn the influx of gold and - silver to that point, in order to purchase the supplies there, which we have been in the habit of obtaining from abroad. These causes combined, must have had the ef feet of adding greatly to the capacity of the banks in that quarter to extend their discounts and accommodations, and with it the circulation of their notes. With a growing supply of specie, and the ex change favorable in every direction, as must have been the case, there is no limit to the business of banks, nor are they s.low to perceive or to act on such favorable circumstances. Nor must we overlook another powerful cause in operation, the fiscal action of the Government. through the operation of which, the vast sums col lected under such high duties, was trans -ferred to the same quarter, to be applied in discharge of the public debt, and dis butrsed on the innumerable objects of ex penditure there. Under the operation of such powerful -causes, there could not but be a vast and sudden expansion of the currency where they wore in such great activity, and with that expansion, a corresponding increaise of prices, and the cost of production. Nor could this state of things cease till the in creased cost of production become equal to the duty imposed for protection. -At that point, and not before, must specie cease to flow in, and the exchange to be fa~Porable ; but when reached, the tide must turn, importations of the protected articles would reco~mmence, specie Ilow * out, and exchanges become adverse. This 'must be so obvious, that it would only -darken, to nttempt to make it more clear. With the turn of the tide the banks must contract; and pecuniary embarrassment -and distress follow. Such, under the ope ration of the causes assigned, must be the result, for reasons which appear to me ir resistible. But, Sir, I do not mean to leave so important a point to the mere force ofargumet however clear and-cer tain. I intend to prove, by incontestable authority of documents, such was, in fact, exactly the result. I intend to place the principle laid down, as I 'have said, be yond doubt or cavil. The first authoriy Ishall adduce, isrrom the* report of a committee of the other House, made in Feb. 1832, by Campbell P. White, the Chairman, then a member ftomn the city of New York. The report isevidently drawn with great care, and by one'familiar with the subject; and has ,the advantage of being on another subject, (the cuirrency,) without any reference'to the tariff or protective system, and evi dently without any knowledge of its epe ration. Hear, then, what the report says: " The reent export of -specie baa swept a way~the delusive coloring, given to the actual resaitrof production int MJ9, 1830, ad die elgpart of 1831. Real estate appireisted greatly; locals stocks commanded unheard-of price.; warehouses and dwellings were im priived and embellished, aund money was soa bundant, that it could readily be_ obtained to any .amount, upon promissory notes. How changed is the general aspect of things within a few months? All our solid possessions and means of industry remain, land continues to be equally productive, labor is recompensed with its usual reward; the seasons have not been unfriendly. Whence, then, this lamentsble change in our affairs? Why this greatscarcity of money; depreciation in value of all com modities, and of all property; great commer cial distress, and absolute impossibility with many solvent persons to discharge their just debts; so speedily and grievously succeeded the gratifying and prosperous picture which was so lately presented?" What a confirmation of the deductions of reason, both in the swelling tide of prosperity, and the turning ebb of adversi ty. The Aketcb of the latter is not un suited to the present time; good -seasons, and productive years, and every element, apparently, of plenty and prosperity, and yet deep and wide-spread distress; though at that time, there had been no removal of deposites, nor had the Sub-Treasury been heard of, to which gentlemen are now dis posed to attribute all the calanities which afflict the country. The author of the report could give no satisfactory answer to his question, whence all thissudden and unlooked-for calamity; but lie has furnished us with the means of tracing it clearly to the tarifrof 1828. It went into operation on the first of Sept. of that year, and the next year felt the swelling, but delusive tide of an expand ing currency; the exchange turned in our favor; gold and silver, following the im pulse, flowed in, banks began to enlarge their discounts and circulation. It' con tinued to swell with a stronger and strong er current, through all the subsequent year, and the first part of the next, nearly three years, according to the usual period. when it began to ebb; and then followed the reverse scene, so feelingly described by the author, and which to him, appear ed so unexpected and unaccountable. It was at this point, had not the movements in the South arrested the farther progress of the system, that there would have been another clamor for additional dutie;. The distress, as usual, would have been attrib uted to over-importation, and that to the want of adequate protection, and in 1832, (the usual period of four years having in tervened,) another protective tarilf would have been inflicted, to be followed by the same train of consequences, and with e qual disappointment to its authors. Now, sir, to show that the flowing in of the precious metals, in consequence of the tariff of '28, is not a mere assumption, I have extracted from the public documents for the years 1829 and 1830, the imports and exports of gold and silver, which I hold in my hand. The import in '29 was 87,403,612, and the export $4,311,134, mnking an excess ofimports over exports of $3,092,478; and for 1830, $8,155,964 against $1,241,622, making an excess of imports of 86,914.342;-diaking in the two years, an excess ofimports of SI0,006,810. By turning to the report already cited, it will be seen that the estimated amount of specie in the country on the first of Janu ary, 1830, was but 825,000,000, of which 85.000,000 were in circulation, and $20, 00,000 in the vaults of the bank; so that the addition to the specie in thd two years was forty per cent. on the whole amount. it now remaius to be shown what was the effectof thinxgreat proportional increase of specie, and the favorable state of the exchange which it indicates, had on the banks in the manufacturing States. The report will furnish the information, not fully, but enough to satisfy every reason - able man. it gives the followlig state ment of the amount of bank notes in circu lation in 1830 and 1832, respectively, in the States of Massachusetts, Rthode Island, New York, and Pennsylvania, including the bank of the United States, which will show the vast ittcrease in the short space of two years. Here Mr. C. read the following state ment: 1830. 1832. Rel. inerease of circl'n in two years. Mass. $4,730,000 $7,700,000 65i per ct R. Island, 670,000 1,3t40,000 100" N. York, 10,000,000 14,l100,000 40" Penn., 7,300,000 8,760,00)0 -20" B'k U. S. 15,300,000 24,600,000 67" $38,000,000 $56,500,000 These are, it will be bortn itn mind, the pritncipal manufactturing States. In the period of two years, we finid their bank cir culation, taken in the aggregate, expanded fromn thirth-eight to fifty-six and a half millions of dollars, making an itncrease of sixteen and a half millions, egttal to forty four per cent. But this falls far short of the actual inicrease. The year 1829 is not included, it must have been one of great expansion, as the impot of specie greatly exceeded its exports; which, wvith the favor able state of the exchatnge implied, must have greatly increased ,the businecss of the banks and the circulatiotnof their notes. The reverse must have been the case in 1832, which is incltiged, as we know by the report itself, that year and the latter part of the preceding, was a period of severe contraction. If a retura could be had of 1829. '30, atnd the early part of '31, I venture nothing in assertitng that we shoul4 i nd the comparison, comper'ed 1828, the year of the tariff, far greater in proportion. That there is no mistake in attributing this great expansion to the tariff, might be farther shown, if additional- proof were ne cessary, a'fter such conclusive evidenice, from the fact that it is impossible to assign any other adequate cause. As far~ as can be seen, there was no other cuse in ope ration, political or commercial, that could have produced the results. It was a peri od of profound peace, and the exports of imports of the country steady to an unun anal degree. Should doubt, however, still remaia in the mind of any one afier all this accumu lation of evidence, I will next call the 'at tention of the Senate to a fact which must be conclusive with all disposed to recieve the truth. By turning to the table show ing the extent of bank circulation in '30 and '321In the4 States already referred to, it will be seen that the expansiott was greater or less, just 'as the States respectively, were more or less manufacturing. It will not be doubted that Bitode island is the most manufacturing of-the four, and we accordingly find there the greatest expan sion, and that for the simple reason, that there.,the..,.... a..;.nd ,,,..st,.. ha . bee in the state of the greatest activity. Her bank circulation doubled in the short space of two years, as spp'ears by the'-table. Massachusetts is the next; and we find hers is the next highest, being sixty-five per cent. New York is still less so, and hers is but forty per cent.; and Pennsylva nia, the least of the four, had, excluding the Bank of the United States, increased only twenty per cent. If the statement had extended farther South, and taken in the staple States, I venture little in ma king the assertion that, instead of expan sion, their bank circulation would, for the same period,- have been found in the oppo site state, for the, reverse reason It. will be seen the Bank of the United States had expanded sixty-seven per cent. this great increase, compared to the local banks of Pennsylvania, may probably be ittributed Imartly to loans negociated farther East, and not improbably because her accomo dations were somewhat enlarged, from causes connected with her efforts, at the time, to obtain a renewal of her charter. (Concluded in our next.) From the South Caralinian. GEN. McDUFFIE'S CROP. And he gave it as his opininion, "that whoever could make two ears of corn, or two bladesof grass, to grow upon a spot of ground where only one grew before, would deserve better of matikind, and do more essontial service to his country, than the whole race Of politicians put together." -SWIFT. Ma. ErITon:-The account which I propose to give you of Gen. McDufie's crop, and the economy of his plantation, has a far different aim, than the praise of that distinguished individual. It is done with the hope of stimulating the young planter, and others who have "seen ser vice," but are not too old to profit by a good example, to persevere, till they can produce like results. The most effectual check to emigration -that slow disease which has deprived our State of so many of her ions, and so much of her wealth-is to prove how pro ductive our lands at home can be made: And in estimating the productiveness of lands, or particular plantations, let us keep oureyes, not alone on the cotton crop, which if deficient, so materially affects the uett income of the planter. Gen. McDuffielast year worked seven ty hands, and made five hundred and thirty-four bags of Cotton, or something more than seven and a half bags to the hand. He also made eight thousand bushels of Corn, two thousand bushels of Oats, eighty bushels of Wheat, and a quan tity of Cow-Peab: and twelve thousand pounds nett pork was produced, from hogs raised on the plantation. One hundred and fifty head of cattle supply the planta tion bountifully with milk, butter, and beef; one hundred and thirty sheep furn ish fine lambs and fat mutton, and wool, to aid in making the winter clotbing; and some four or five yearling colts attest that a saving in the purchase of horses is not forgotten. On most places, where unusually (large crops of Cottou are made, it is at the ex pense of every thing else: but, from the above statement it will be seen that cotton was not the only large crop made on the General's plantation. Many bushels of Oats have hoen sold, and three thousand bushels of Corn could be spared. It is part of the economy of this plantation, to ase fewer horses for the plough, than is customary op most others. The General has a great deal of manu ring done, and it is an encouraging fact, that from thirty-five to forty bushels of corn to the acre, are annually made on fields which, five years ago, were entirely exhausted, and given up to stunted brootn grass. Some may suppose, that the hands mtust have been severely worked, to enable them to make so much. Not so; but entirely the reverse. Owing to the thorough pre paration of the land, previous to planting, to the skilful management afterwards, and to the heavy tanuring, which makes a few acres do in place of tany, the hands are never hard p~resused. As a proof of it, the writer of this. has often seen some of the most active of them, at the business season, returning from the hell, and the completion of their tasks, by 3 oelock in the afternoon. All things considered, I expect the crop whbich I have so hurriedly described, is one of the best, if not the very best, ever riaised in the State. ABBE VILLE. VIRGINCIA AND NEW YoaK.-We pub lishted a~ew days since the Resolutions in troduced into the Virginiatn House of Del egates by Mr. Bayly. After various de lays they were taken up on Friday last. A discussion arose. in which Mr. Scott objected to the language of the Resolutions as in one part conttaiinmg a menace towards New York, and in another "squinting at South Carolina Nnllification." We had supposed that on this subject of the right of abolitionists to steal ouar slaves with impunity, the whole Sotith wvere Nulhfiers; all South Carolina is so at least-witness the resoluttions passed without a dissenting voice at the late Session of our Legisla ture. Mr. Bayly defetnded his resolutions, and warmly and successfully opposed a move to defer their consideration. The irst of the series, after somne verbal amend ments was then unanimously adopted. It is as follows. 1. Resolved, That the reasons assigned by the Governor of New York for his refu sal to surrender Peter Johnson, Edward Smith and Isaac Gansy, ais fugitives from Justice, upon the demand of the Executive of this .State, are wholly unsatisfactory; and that that refusal is a palpahle and dangerous violation of the constitution and laws of the United States. The House adjourned without taking any action on the remainder of the Reso lutions.-Char. Mer. The Charleston Mercury of the 12th inst. says:a-At en election held on the 11th instant, at the H all of the State Bank, the following getntlemen were duly elected: James Jervey,- W. A. Calkwell, Otis Mills, James H. Ladson, E. H. Edwards, John Wilkes, S. P. Ripley, Thos. Gads den, Harris Simons, George Gibbon, J. B. Legare, *N. R. Middlleton. *New Director-to fill the vacancy oc casioned by the death of the Hon. Thos. L . ate President. THE NEW TARIFF MOVEMENT. The intimate relation which Mr. Cal houn demonstrated in his late speech, to exist between the assumption, direct or indirect, of the State Debts, and the re newal of the Tariff, seems to have been fully understood, though it was denied or evaded, by the friends of that monstrous proposition. It is a connection, now, not more establishel by logic than by fact, and every day is accumulating the evi deuce. Mr.Clay, the great champion of the tariffi, is also the projector of the me, sure for paying the State Debts by the produce of the public lands. Tariff Con ventions have been held in Massachusetts, in Connecticut, in Rhode Island, and Pennsylvania. In the same presses thro' out the North, we find the two topics of distribution and tariff pressed with equal ardor. They are nearest of kin, and not more remarkable for their direct affinity, than for the injustice and oppression which they equally threaten to the producing re gion of the South. The operation of the tariff has beeua often pointed out, The States of South Carolina, Georgia, Ala bama, Mississippi, Louisiana and Arkan sas, furnish about two-thirds cof the exports on the produce of which the duties are levied. The only part of the revenues of the Government which are not raised from the public lands. It is nov proposed, at a time when with its utmost means the Government can hardly pay its expendi tures, to take away the revenue arising from the public lands and distribute it a mong the States. The entire expenditure of the Government must then be provided for out of the duties levied on imported goods, the exchanges for our cotton. The distribution of the public lands is proposed to be made according to the ratio of repre sentation in Congress. Let us see how that would affect the cotton growing States. The six States above enumerated, have 29 Representatives in Congress, out of 243-less than one eighth of the whole. While they would pay therefore two thirds of the additional duties to replace the rev enue from the public lands, they wonld receive by the distribution scheme, less than ene-eighth of that revenue. The justice and equality of that scheme has been lauded by its author and his partisans-by State Legislatures and grave assemblies -the jusdice of pluoderirg one section for another: the equality bf the lion and thd fox! But the scheme does not end here. The movement at the north is directed not merely to an increase of duties, but to the restoration of a tariff of protection. We find revived and cherished by Conven tions, petitions to Congress and the news paper press, all the rankest doctrines of the old iariff' school. Not long since, a Senator from New Jersey presented a pe tition from certain manufacturers (of lace we believe) praying an "increase of duty on their branch, and stating as their griev ances, that under the present duties, for eign lace of the very best quality could be imported and sold for less than their own which was of the coarsest! Congress was asked to exclude a valuable fabric, to en courage the manufacture of a miserable and worthless counterfeit. The impu dence of this reason could 'only be equal led by a petition from the late Cashier of the Schuylkill Bank, praying for a heavy penalty to be laid on all kinds of honesty, on the ground that as things are going, the rascals found serious obstacles in the way of their monopolising every profitable of fice in the country! Yet the petition of the Newark lace-makers, with all its bare faced and solid impudence, embodies the very essence of the protective system. Have these people of the North really no honest occupation they can take to ? M ust the Union be forever harrassed by their schemes for makitng tnoney not only at the expetnse of their neiglhbors, but of the constituition and every principle of repub licanistn? Do they wish to make the Fed eral Union a perpetual and grinding tyran ny upon the South ? Do they not see that the persevering obstinacy with which they burden the Union, not only with all t heir selfishness, but all their fatnat icism insisting that one half its time silail lie given to filling their purses, and the other half to gratifying their passions, perfectly reckless that thie first is to be attained on ly by legalized robbery, and the second only by sanctioning murder, insurrection and the utter destruct ini of one half the confederacy-do they notssee that by this incessant wvarfare upon every principle of justice, eqluality, toleration atid brother ly kindness, they are daily digging doit n the foundations of this noble Union and makitng its coninuance impossible? that so sure as we have loved it as the guardi an of peace, liberty and justice, so sure shall we hate and renounce it, if it is to be turned into a rod to scourge, or a serpent to sling us !-Charl eston Mercury, John Randol ph's opinions of Henry Clay. -The Washington Correspondent of the Baltimore Republican, writes to that paper as fellows: "The late John Randolph, of Roanoke, was a keen and close observer, a man who scanned the objects of men minutely, and found nidifficulty in deiniugithem. Some years before he died, he said that it was plain, that one ofthe first and dearest objects ofMr. Clay's heart was the political de struction ofMr: Calhoun: and mark me, said he8, to a friend in London, wvho a day or two after reported the remark to me, he will follow Calhoun to the grave, and be yond it, if he outlives him, and will riot among his ashes. His detestation is in veterate and uncompromising, and it never wvill he satisfied." From the Charloute N. C. Journal. BEAT THIS WHO cas.-"The hand of the diligent maketh& rich."-A few days ago, a lady livingon the Banks of the Ca tawba River, wove nine yards of cloth, after which, before she went to bed, she spun four cuts of yarn, and the next morn ing she had twin children (her first) and doing well. Poor people down in Maine have a sin gular tnethod of keeping warm during the cold nights of winter. .They have a buck wheat cake made large enough to covsr the entire bed, like a quil, and spread over it "piping hot." at the time of retir ing. When ihade of sufficient thickness, irretains its |Mat until morning, when, if he if istoo lan to rise,)te can makcea good beak fast byeatingo ff the edaes is he lies. From Mhe N. Y. Journal of Connerce, arch 7. ARRIVAL OF THE GREAT -WES TERN. Forty-three days later from Europe. The steamer Great Western, Capt, Hos kin, reached the wharf about 12 o'clock, to-day, bringing London papers to the evening of the 19th, and Bristohqt the 20th. Our latest previous advices from~* Lon-, don were to the evening of Jan. 7th, via New Orleans. Consequently the present dates areforty three days later than before received. Not in twelve years certainly, has such a sweep of time been heralded here by a single vessel.. The quotations for cotton are a half pen cheaper than at our previous dates early in January. Flour is a -shilling a barrel cheaper. Money is cheaper and more plenty. In France manufacturing was bad. Camphor gum had risen very much on. account 6f the News from China. So had Teas. Destruction of a Vessel at Cork by Fire. -Accounts have been received in town to day of the burbing of an American velsel at Cork, bound for Liverpool, which oc cured on Sunday last. The following are the particulars received by the Cork mid-day mail: "The American ship Havre, from New Orleans, in 37 days, with 1564 bales of cotton, for Liverpool, when about seven off Cork harbor yesterday, was -discovered to be on fire. A signal was made and fortu nately observed by the Bat pilot boat, when about four miles off shore. which bore down on the Havre, and with the greatest difficulty, as the sea was running mountains high at the time, succeeded in rescuing from a watery grave 20 souls, viz. Capt. Vinnaird, wife and child; Mr. Coster, a passenger; two mates, and a crew of 14. Rirby, the master of the Bat, acted most gallantly in this affair; the vessel was one mass of fire when he went aloug-side and rescued the crew, who were obliged to leave as they stood without saving a par ticle of their cloths. The boat was dashed with such violence against the wreck that part ofher side was stove in; the entire was the work of a moment, and 10 minutes delay would have lost all. The Havre blew tip, and sunk between Ballycotton and Cable Island." ST. AUousTrE, March .6. Indians.-We learn that Capt. Gardi nier with an officer and 15 men, fell in with a trail of Indians at the Calico Hillp, near Magnolia, and, following it fell into an ambuscade; his party was fired on, and the officer killed. The Indians were in superior force, and the men retreated, leaving the officer on the ground. The blood hounds seem to be doing good business. Information from Middle Flori da states that two of the dogs followed up an Indian trail recently* and caught one Indian. They throttled him, threw him down and secured him. The Indian, on being relieved from his perilous situation, told the men who had charge of the dogs, to keep on and they would find more Indi ans-which it is said they did, and captur ed four more-This laiter is not certain. That one Indian has been caught by means of dogs, is certain. It was reported at Black Creek yester day, that a Mail Rider was shot recently near Tampa. It however is a mere report and give it as such-we should not wonder if it wero true. P. 8. Just as our paper was going to press-the SteamerCincinnati arrived from Key Bisenyne via the intermediate Posts. She brings no news of inpgence.. The trail of three Indians was discovered a few days previous to her leaving Fort Lauder dale by Lt. Boyed of the Artillery, which he attempted to follow without success. The ttail did not appear to an hour old, but w as soon lost in the marshes between Mangrove.H-ammock. The scout was kept up for several hours. Three or four Indians were seen off' the beach from otn hoard the Cincinnari, near the Key Biscaytne, waving the white flag -and making other peaceable si"s. Hterald. Successful Efforts of the Bloodhounds. -Within a few days, Major Loomis, U.S. A., has captured an Indian on the Wacas sassa, by means of our excllent Cuban auxiliaries. it was done in very handsome style, and so delicately thai the most sqea mish of the INorthern sympathizers, might have been delighted to witness it. When *the "trail" was struck and followed for some time, thme dogs became very impatient of the leash, and by a sudden boumnd, broke loose from their keepers and dashed away in gallant style.~ The troops followedeon through the hushes, and in a short time came up to the scene of action, where the noble dogs (2.) had floored a gigantic sav age, and held him on tihe ground, without appearing disposed to do him farther in jury. The means are now certainly discovered of ending the war in good earnest, and al most without bloodshed, and is sincerely hoped that the Government, will imme diat-ely procure two or three hundred dogs for the purpose of produceing such moral efforts on the savages, as will induce them at once to surrender. It is now made certain thtat 1000 men, with 100 dogs, will accomplish more than 10,000 without them. A much smaller force will be sufficient to end the war, and countless millions will he aaved to the, country, if a sufficient number of dogs can he procured. The Indiani thbus put hors ducombat, was wretch edly frightened, and otn coming to his usual equanitmity, of'ered with the honesty of his tribe, to condcmt the "gallant dogs" to where a party o1 five more red skins wvere encam ped.-St. Augustine News, 8th inst. The Charleston Mercury of thme 12th inst. says:-At an election held yesterday the following getntlemen were elected Di rectors of the Union Bank of South Caro lina, to serve for one year from the 11th of March, 1840. Rene Godard, JohnC. Burekmyer, John Dixon, George H. Kelsey, Win. Mazyck, Ab'm. Tobias, Samuel Ghadwick, Alex ander Brown, Cornelius Burckmyer, Jag. Fife John Magrath, Smith Mowry, Jun. Joseph A. Winthrop. Cherokees.-At a General Council of the Cherokee Nation, (now concentrated West of the Mississippi river) John Ross ha been chnen a Presidents or Chief. Communications, Ma.. EDITR Edgefield cheerfuily replies in all cour tesy to-the.very, civil.inierrogatory of-a Nullifier, that a contunijation was re-, ceive4fromAVoashingin:Ciiy_ pon xle 'ubject of the selection.ofa few fruit-trees about the time, he suppses, that a Null fier received his instructions from Gillison ville,.or tbereabouts. Edefield can read ily conceive of the.existenceofsu'ch a pe. sonage as the simple Englishnian, stated in the case quotedfroi A. Sr'nith.!:Ex passant, allow me to enquire Mi. Nullier, if you have not made a:slighIida keinkhe name of the authorityf(oia which yoir example is taken-f It once may hava.heen Smith. Is it so now? JI is not, howe. er, a remarkable, but an ordinary instance of the obtuseness of the human uintellect. Edgefield has heard of a man, who was confounded with amazementj upon hesa., ing the quality of indipendence aseribed to one of his neighbors, because from some defect in his moral constitution,,h could not conceive of the possible existence, of such an attribute. It has been somewheie recorded, of s celebrated 'Divine, of the British Empire, that be was perfectly-in different, as to what political revolutions happened; or what principles were tri t9mphant, so he could remain Vicar-of Bray. Will- a Nullifier, in all sincerity, answer, whether, be careis a fig, who shall. be Governor, provided he be allowed o participate in the advantages of success. March 10, 1840. E. Edgefield requests that the Proprietor of the Advertiser will allow him to define his own position in.elation to the election of the next Governor. While he again repeats that he had no repugnance to the ihe elevation of Col. Richardson to this office, he must nevertheless decline the honor, of being classed among the number of his supporters. The spirit of intoler once and proscription, which has been dis-. played by all classes of his advocates from the editors of the public press, to the rank and file of the correspondents, who have* figured in its columns, is so totally at va riance with that comity, forbearance'ai liberty of opinion, which become the dis, cussions of a free and virtuous people, that Edgefield must decline the honor of th station, gratuitously assigned to him. Unmerited denunciation, indelicate in terrogntories, disparaging insinuations, and offensive attempts at intimidation, may be the chosen modes of warfare, for a party, who fight for the advantagsof victory, but they are not the arguments to persuade the understanding, or to win the favor of Edgefield. Thus feeling, he can not consent to be identified with a cause, that requires the agency of such means, for its advancement. Having made this manifesio, ho trusts that he will be allow ed to withdraw from the discussion in your paper, and to assume his former, quiet po sition of an observer of passing events. March 12, 1840. E. TO " AMICUS." You'have in y our late communication, proven youarself any thing but a noble and valient adversary. Your arrogance is readily pardoned-it is hut the evidence of weakness. You labour to be personal, and have thus given proof of a malignity wvhich hesitates not at the-means to ac complish its purposes. If you be not de void of every feeling of justice, your con duct will furnish you with but little cause for self-gratulation. You will not succeed in exasperating me. I have, enough of phlosophy to bear patiently your unpro voked attacks, and enough of charit'y to look with pity upon the man who cann~ot tolerate a diff'erence of opinion. Why all your vapouring and bullyingi Do you expect to gain by intimidation, what you cannot by' argument ? You have pte-. sumned to- reply. to the questions which were asked respectfully of the Mercury and Carolinian. Why did you not an swer them? You make it the occasion only for showing off your choleric conceit. B ut what right have you to volunteer in tis matter? Are you the guardian of the Mercury and Caroliniani. How came you to be the exponent of the Legislatura. of South Carolina? Where are the proo4f of your power over it, and where is thme evidence that yours are appreciated mn any degree approaching your own esti mate. Would you hope to make the im pression that you are the Palinurus of the State Rights partyi Vain hope ! The highest honors of victory have been awar ded, and to you, no wreath has been gii en. But I will not rejoice, I wouldi teaeb you a more humble opinion- of yourself, antd then you may be successful ini the ob jects of your ambition. Be content to fol low. Nature never intended you fora leader. Be not inflated by the worst of all flattery, " The flattery which one'sa own thoughts aug. gest." Your attempts at- personality are futile. Why yoor fierceness of assauilt ? You as cribe to me selfish motives, but are you no "office seeker 1" If in the future ap portionmfetnt of honors, you should be overlooked, the remembrance of yodr ,reent zal will be a devouring eletmen,