University of South Carolina Libraries
"We will cling to .e PIla" of te Temple of our Liberties, and if it must ftlN, we win Perish amidst the Ruins." VOLUME V. oo Hue S. C.,- March i0, 184A. N.t EZDGIEFIELD AIDVERITI[SIED, By W. F. DURISOE, PROPRIETOR. TERMS. Three Dollars per annum, if paid in alvance-Thsrce Dollars aud Fifty Cents if not paid before. the expiration of. Six Months from the date of Subscription and Four Dollars if not paid within t welve Mon hs. Subscribers ona tof the State are required to pay in advance. No subscription received for less than one year, and no paper discontinued until all arrearages are paid. except at the op tion of the Publisher. . All subscription.; will be continued un less otherwise ordered before the expira tion of the year. Any person procuring fie Subscribers and becoming responsible for the same, shall receive the-sixth copy gratis. Advertisements conspicuously inserted at 621 cents per sqajare, (12 lines, or less.) for the first insertion, and 431 ets. for each continuance. Those published montlily. orquarterly will be charged $1 per square for each insertion. Advertisements not having the number of insertions marked on them, will he continued until ordered out, and charged accglingly. All conmunications addressed to the Editor, post paid, will be promptly and strictly attended to. eWJeSgO.V HO fSE, EDGEFIELD C. HOUSE, S. C. T HE Undersigned takes pleasure in an nouncing to his friends and the travelling community. that lie has taken the Hotel in Edgefield Village, formerly occupied hy Mr.. William Brunson, and is prepnred ti, accosms thodate travellers asd boarders. either families or single persons. With Isis experience & pe.r sonal attention, he flatters himself that those who favor himt with their patronage. % ill be satisfied asnd feel at honie; to produce these effects, no pains will lIe spared. His H ouse is situated in the nost pleasant part of the Vil lage, nod is well calculated. in every respect. for the accommodation of Families.or Priate Boarders. All lie asks. is for persons to cull and judge for themselves. WM.V. DUNN. N. B. fine Saddle Hores may be had at all times at the Mansion House. W. V. D. January 14, I40 if 50 State of South ( l ulimInt. ABBEVILLE DISTRICT. IN EQUITY. William C. Black and Jane his wife, vs. Bill to set aside Bennett Reynolds, purchases. fur Larkin Reynolus and account -c. Washington Reynolds. I IT appearing to my satisfaction, that Wash ington Reynolds. one of the deflendants in this case, residies beyond the linmits of this State. on motion. ordered that the said Washingt--n Reynolds do alipear and plead. answer, or de maur to the complainsants' bill within three months from the publicatin of this order, or the said bill will be taken. as to him pro confesso. BENJ. Y. MA RTIN, c. E.A. L. Commissioner's Office, 7th bf arch. 1810. 1wa $881 ac 6 State (if Soul ih ('arolilla. ABBEVILLE DISTRICT. IN EQUITY. 3Matthew Mays, vs. SMeedy Mays. John M ays. Benj. Bil for Partition. Broadaway and Nan. ) cv his wife. J wT appearing to my satisfaction that Besja 3min Broadaway assd Nancy Isis wife. dei fendants in this casne. reside withsout thse limits of this State. can nmotion. ordere'd that the said defendanats don appear. plead, answer, or deinsnr to the compl'.inan's bill w"ishin three mnonths from the date of this puhlication, or thea said bilwl etaken pro cfnfehbo agnitt themn. bilwl~ BEN J. Y. 5MARTIN, c. Z. A.D. Commissioner's Office. 7th Miarch, 1840. 5&aT $8 81 ac 6 State of South ('arealina. ABBEVILLE DISTRICT. IN EQUITY. Johns Wilson, adna'r.. vs Janet 1Bill for Relief Wilson, Wan. Wilson. Hngh 'and Injunc Wilson, James Ewminj, and Jane his wife. ad others. , n IT apapearing to mny satisfuaction.. that James REwinug and Janae his wife, reside witlhout the limits ot this State, on nmotion, ordered, thant the said defesndants do appear, plead, answer, or demur to the comaplainanat's bill wvithin tharee months froin the date of this publication, or the said bill will be taken pro confesso agaisnst them. BENJ Y. MARTIN. c.. A.D. Comnissioner's Office, 6th Miarch, 1840. 5s ar $8 81 ac 6 State of South Caorolinla. EDGEFIELD DISTRICT. Sauel Williams, et. al, ~ CUNE John C,.Davette and Ann5 Bilifor Partition. Davette, his wife. J IT A ppearing to my satisfhection thsat the de Ufend ants John C. Davette and Ann lain wife, resides beyonad the limits of this State. On motion of Griffin and Bnrt. Comnplanants Solicitors, Ordered that the said dlef'endants do plead, answer or demairto this bill. within three months from the puablicationa of this order, or te samne will be taken pro confesso against them. JAMES TERRY, C. E. E. P. Cnomissioner's Office, ' 4 ac Februsary 25. 1840. $8 81 ea &a Fresh Teas. -UN Powder, Impieriaul and Black Teas, JutReoeived and for Sale by 0. A. DOWD. Febna,1aan :I 4 BROTHER JONATHAN% The largtest Newspaper in the World. T IIE Proprietors of this mammtoth sheet, -Great Western" among the niewspavpers, hoave the pleasure of spread ing belbre the reading public a weekly pe riodical containiug a grealer anount aind varieiy or iiseful eitertmining mis-ellany, than is to be lithid in any similar publica tion in the world. Each nunmberofilhe paper centairs as large an amonnt of reading matter as is fOu.nd iii voiies of ordinn-ry duodecima, which cost two dollars, and Moore than is contained in a volum" of Irving's Colum his, or Baicror's History of America, which cost three dollars a volume-all tor six. cents 3a number, or ihree dollars a year. BROTHER JONATIIAN being a genluitie Yankee. and ihinking that some litius can he done as well as others, is determined to present to his. readers. a MEDLEY hitherto unrivalled by any other paper, of I Anecdotes, Amusements. Allegories, Accidents. Biography Bun Mots, Conversations, Crimes. Dramatics, Droltlries. Erratics. Essays, Efo qpence. Facelia, Geography. History. Jests.Learn ing. Morality. MAurcels, Music, News. Norelties, Uratory. Poetry, Philosophy, Quidditics, Ro mance. lheligion, Sports, Spectacles, Sorrows Sufferings. Tales, Trials. Tstahs, Teachings. Ui-sdom, Wit, if'onders, &c. &c. Ac. As a family newapaper, Brother Jona luhan will be found- to present attractions beyond ary oilier, "He comestl the hernid ora noisy world, News frot al :ntions lumbering as his back," The earliest intelligence, foreign and domestic, and the latest novelties in the literary world, will he promptly served up for the gratification of he reader. (P' Sricily neutral in politics, it will cotaiin nothing in favor of, or against any party, and will sedulously avoid any of the controversies which agitate lie religious commmi.ity. Strict torali ty, viine, temliperance, industry, good order, lienevolence. and tisefuliess to our f'elliow men, will lie advocaied and incul ated in every page of Broi her Jonatmn. Terms of Brother Jonathan 88 a yepar in advance. For Five Dollars two copi es of lie paper will 1be sent one year or one copy two years. The EVENING TATTLER is pub lished every day at the same ollice and is put ift press a 12 o'clock meridian, in sea son for the great norihsrn, eastern and soti hern mails, which all close at about 2 O'clock, P. M. All counitry newspapers who give this prospectus 3 insertions, will be emitl-d to an excliange oii sending a inmber of their papiers to this office. containing the adver tiseimlent. ' GKISWOLD & Co. (tGUSubs tions reeived at tlhi<Office. Matrcht l40. 152 Nassat st. N. York. AUGUSTA SEED STORE. No. 219 Broad-street. F AS Constaitly on hand a supply of fresh 1 SHAKlEit GAtDEN SELDS. The usual allowance made to contutry dea lers. Bird Seed, Clover, Lucerne, Potato Onions, Onion Sets, &c. A few Brushes, Swifts, Sir ters, &c., made by the Shakers. J If. SERVICE. Feb 15, 1840 tf . $20 Rewnrd. R ANA WAY from the subscriber. livina at the Quiaker Springs. Coltnbia C nmily, Ga on the evening of the 2nd instant, two Ne groes, otie a bsy, about 25 or 26 years of age, nard JULY, and a womn ahont 40 years of age, named AMY. As I have reason to be lieve that the above ntegroes have been decoyed into Edgefield District, S. C., I camtion all per sons from harboring, emnployig, or purelms ing said negroes, as they are the property of Charles H. HJill, Trnstee for Sarah Tompkins. The above reward will be paid for 'heir delive ry t) me in A ngusta, Ga.. or lodgitig them in any safe jail, so that I can get them. FRANCIS TOMPKINS. March 4. 1840 c 5 *The Edgefie'd Advertiser will insert the a bove three timnes and send account to this office Augusta Con. Carriage Mlaking. S HESubscriber will m1 ake and repair Car. - ,ringes & Waggons of eva. ser ..2 ry description in the best possible miainer and at the shortest notice. All orders thankfully received, and psromphtly at tended to. EDWARD BARKER. H amburg Dec 1. 18't9 if 44 Ocra, or T win Cotton Seed. 7 3NH E Subscribers have juast received on con Isigmnent from Charleston, a few of ihe above named seed, raised in Autaga County, Ala. Which can be hnd at their store in Ham br. H. R. COOK, & Co. Jan 13,1840 tf 50 Multi Bole Cotton Seed. T H E above Seed can he had at the Store of G. L & E. PENN & Co. on good terms. Warranted genuine. t March 4, 1840 t For Sale. TE HIE House and Lot in this Village, now .1occnpied by the Subscriber. F. H. WA RDLAW. Edgefield C. H,Feb. 13,1840. 2tf Fresh Groceries. J UST Received a fresh Supply of . New Orleans and Cuba Molasses, Rio and Cnba Coffee, St. Croiz Sugars, Raisins. &c. &c. For sale byC. A. DOWD. Feb 24, 1840 4 tf '01 D ROSIN THE LOW. I've travelled this country all over, And now to another I'll go, I'm sure there good quarters are waiting To welcome Old Rosin the Dow, To welcome old Rosin the Bow, (repeat) I'm sure there good quarters are waiting Towelcome old Rosin the Bow. In the gay rouinds of pleasure I've flourished, Atnd ne'er lefl behind me a woe; For wlhen my companions are jovial, They'll ne'er f'orget Rosin the Bow. (chorus.) My fife's now drawing to a close, And at least will be so.so We'll take a full bumper at parting, To the name or old Rosin the Bow. (chorus.) When I aut dead, and about to be buried. The people all anxions to know, Just lift up the lid of my coffin And show them old Rosin the Bow. (chorus.) When I'm through the streets carried, The Ladies nil filled with great woe, Will run to their doors and tteir windows To sigh for old Rosin the Bow. (chorus.) Then give me a couple fair Doricks, Place One at my head and my toe, And do not forget to scratch on them, The natme orold Rosia the Bow. (chorus.) Just give me a dozen fine fellows, And let them all stagger and go, A nd dig a deep hole it the meadows, And in it toss Rosin the Bow. (chorus.) Just give me the same clever fellows, Sorrounading my grave in at :ow, And drink Fron ny hig brandy bottle. Farewell-to old liosin the Bow. (chorus.) Then take down my old rusty fiddle, Aad inaae her tp solemn and slow, Then make her speak plain of her hero, To the tune of old Rosin the Bow. (chorus.) When Gabriel's last trumpet is sounding. The sheep and the go~ats im a row, Just look on the right hand anong them, And there you'l see Rosin the Bow. (chorus.) Lyo;1sLATUaR.-Ils Uses and Abuses. --lf there lie one who has no higher amibi. tion thatn to ie a maere inman of business, a mere slave or men's bodily necessities. a mnere idolator of hsisown purse; to have his lifei but a ihing of cotton bags and tobacco Mogsheads, druggiss and dowlasses, mand dr and fustie, town lots, bank stocks, and exelhangaes; his mind like the advertising side of a dily gazette, or the weekly price cmrrent, the sum of his life, the balance sheet of his ledger, and who estimates his .worth by the dollars and cents which re main to his credit, who would choose ihr hsis immortality one eternal Wall street, and give tap a crown of glory to be called the best mamn upon "change,"-if there be such an one lie may despise those mo ments of leisure which husiness spares, waste them in a sinful sleep, lounge them away in rapid amusements, dawdle over ephemeral magazines, or newspaper re ports of police cases and shoeking accidents squabble in the low arena of party politics, exhasi his breath in blowing up every bubble of popular excitement, lisp idle gal lantries in ladies' ears, who in their souils dlesaLpise suchl empatiness, anid but tolerate die haol as thtey do a pet dog or a parrot, foir want of bietter comipanay; or, herhaps, dlo woarse, itt vualgar debanchteries. He may despise leisuare and so wvaste it, hut lie tmut't take the consequaetnce in this world and the next. A mere merchtatt! a miere mnan of bausiness !-WVho wvould be content with such a designation? What resptect can anay otte feel for such a char accter ? All hie gets-fromn the worldl is the credit of bteing worth so mnehl dross, or a little fawnting or a little servility fromt tlhose who wish to btorrowv of himx or owe himt already." Thte N. Y. Exress, states that Robert Lennmox. Esq. whot recenatly (lied in that city hans left nut estate estimnated to he wvorth hree milIlioans ofdaallars. He was sulpposeat to have been the richest man in the city of Newv York, with the exceptiona of John Ja cob Astor. Mr. L. was a Dative of Scot amd. A fellow asked the meaning of "Re 'ard," the other day:-" why," said tan other, "it mecans sometimet five dollars and somnetime ten, and I have known it to rtn ui as bigh as 6fify." Pills.-A pall vendor in New York has firmly beaten all competitors otut of the feld by stylinag his medicine "Resurrection pills." Dying can't frighten any body after this. Whiskey drinaking anever conducted wealth imto a miant'a pocket. happitness to his famn ily, or respectability to his character therefore whiskey is a nuon conductor, and consequaentaly it is best to lea it alone-nev ertheless, we'tcan't resist a good whiskey punch of a cold mnightif pressed to drink. Wit OuLtWitted.-A well-dressed fellow came to the shop of a pork-butcher, and asked for a yard of pork, when the pork buchett, without hesitatioa, dut himn off' thre feet (pigs' feet,) SPEECH OF MR. CALHOUN. Of South Carolina, On the Report of Mft. Grundy, of Tenne ssee, in relation to the Assunption of the Debts of the States by the Federal Government.-U. States Senate. February 5, 1840. MR.. CALHOUN said :-When I have heard it asserted again and again, in ibis discussion, that this report wits uncalled for; that there was no one in favor of the assumption ofState debts, and that the resolutions were mere idle, abstract nega tives, of no sort uf importaned, I could not hut ask nyself, if all this he so,- why this deep excitement ? why this ent zeal to make collateral issues 7 -and, above all, why the great anxiety to avuid a direct vote on the reelutions ? To these inqui ries I could find but one solution; and that is, disguise it as you may, there is, in re ality, at-the bottom, a deep and agitating question. Yes, there is such. a question. The scheme of assuming the debts of the States is no idle fiction. The evidence of its reality, and that it is now in agitation burst from every quarter, within and with out these walls, on this side and the other side of the Atlantic; not, indeed, a direct assumption, for that would be too absurd; and harmless, because too absurd; but in a form far more plausihle and danigerous -an assumption, in efect, by dividing the proceeds of the sales of the public lands among the States. I shall not stop to show that such dis tribution, under existing circunsiances, with the deeps indebtedness and embar rassment of many of the States; would be, in reality, an assumption. We all know. that without such indebtedness andl em barrassment, the scheme of distribution would not have the least chance for adop-. tion, and that it would he perfectly harm less, and cause no excitement; but plunged, as the States are in debt; it becomeg a question truly formidable, and on which the future politics of the country are des tined for years to turn. '-If. then, the schme should lie adopted,.it must lie by the votes of the itrdebted S:aWes, in order to aid their credit, and lighten 'their burden: and who is so blind as not to see that it would be in truth, what I have asserted it to be in effect, to that extent, an assump tion of their debts? Here, then, we have the real queslion at issue, which has caused all this exciteient and zeal-a question pregnant with the most important consequences. immediate and remote. What I now prophse is; to trace rapidly and briefly some of the more prominent whieh would result from this srheme, should it ever become a law. The first, ant most .immediate, would be to substract from the Treaury- a sum equal to the annual proceeds of the sales of the public lands. I do not intend to ex amine the constitutional question whether Congress has or las not the right to make the substraction, and to divide the proceeds among the States. It is not necessary. The committee has conclusively shon that it has no such power; that it holds the public donaini in trust for the States in their Federal capacity as members of the Union, in aid of their contribution to the Treasury; and that to denationalize the fund, (if! may use the expression,) by distributing it among the States for their separateand individual uses, would be a manifest violation of the trust, and wholly unwarranted by the Constitution. Pas sing. then, by the constitutional question, I intend to restrict my inquiry to what would he its fiscal and money effects. Thus regarded, the first effect of the subtraction would be to cause an equal de ficit in ths revenue. I need not inform the Senate, that there is not i surplus cent in the Treasury; that the most rigid econ omy will be necessary to meet the de mandson it during the current year; that the revenue, so far frotm hbeing 0n the in crease, must be rapidly reduced, under extsaing laws, in the next t wo years; andI that every dollar withdrawt, by subistrac aing the proceeds of the public lands, must make a corresponditng dfeir. We are thus brought to the qtuestion, what would be the probable annual amount of the die ficit. andI how is it to be supplied?/ The receipts from the sales of the pub l'e lands, I would suppose, mzay he safely estimated at five milliotns of dlollars at least, on an average, for the next ten or fifteena years. They were about six tail litons the last year. The first three quar ters gave within a fraction of five and a half millions. The estimate for this year, is three anti a half millions ; making the average of the two years hut little short of five millions. If, wit h these data, wve cast our eyes back ont the last ten or fifteen years, ~we shall come to the cotnclusion, ta king into consi erat ion our great increase of poptulation and wealth, and the vast quantity of pub lic land held by the government, that the average [ have estim-ated is not too high. Assuminig, then, that the deficit wvould be five millions, the n.,xt inaquiry is, how shall it be supplied? There is but one way; a corresponding increase of the duties on imports. We have no other source of re ventue buat the Post Office. No otne would think of layinag it on that, or to. raise the amount by internal taxes. The resualt, thetn, thus far, would he to withdraw from the Treasury five millions of the proceeds ofthe sale. of the public lands, to he die tributed among the States, and to impose an equal amoutut of duty on imports, to make good the deficit. Now 1 would ask what is the difference, regarded as a fiscal transaction, between withdrawing that a mount for distribution, and imposing a simt. ilar amount of duties on the insports, to sup.4 ply its nlace and ,that of laving the pro. ceeds of the sales of the land in the Treas ury, and imposing an equal amount of du ties for distribution? It is clearly the same thing, in eflet, to retain the proceeds of the publie lands in the Treasury and tn im pose the duties for distribution, or to distri bute the proceeds and thereby force the imposillon or the duties to supply the place. It is, then, in reality, a scheme to im pose five millions of additional duties on the importations of the country, to lie dis tributed among the States: and I now ask where is the Senator who will openly a vow himself an advocate of such a scheme? I put the question home, soletnuly, to those on the opposite side, do you not believe that such a scheme would be unconstttu tional, unequal, unjust, and dangerous? And can you, as hottest men, do that in effect, by indirect means, which, if done directly, would be clearly liable to every one of those objectious? I have said such would be the case, Te gtrded as a fiscal transaction. In a polit ical point of view, the distribution of the sales of the land would be the worst of the two. Tt would create opposing and hos tile relaiions between the old and new States, in reference to the public domain. Heretofore, the conduct of the Govern ment has been distingtished by the great est libierality, tint to say grenerally. towards the new States, in the administration of the public lands. Adopt this scheme, and its coduct will he the reverse. Whutev er might he granted to them. would sub tract atn eqllal amount from the sum to be distributed. An austere and rigid adtnin istration would be the result, followed by hostile feelings ou both sides, that would accelerate the conflict between them in reference to the public domain-a conflict, advancing but too fast by the natural course of eventis, and which, any one in the least gifted with foresight, must see, come when it will,.would shake the Union to the cen tre, unless prevented by wise and timely concession. Having shown that the scheme is, in effect, to imipose dtties for distribution, the next question is, on whom will they fall? I know thut there is a great diversity of pinion, as to who, in fact, pays the duties on imports. I do tnt intend to discuss that point. We of the staple and expor ting States have long settled -the question. for ourselves, almost unanimons, from sad experience. We know how ruinously high duties fell on us-how they desolated our.cities, and exhausted our section. We also know how rapidly we have been re covering as they have been roing ol, in spite of all the difficulties of the times, and the distracted and disordered state of the currency. It is now a fixed maxim gadh its, that there is not a whit of difier ence, as far as we are concerned, be tween an export and import duty-between iween paying toll going otw, or returning in-or going down to market, or returning back. If this be true, of which we have no doubt, it is a point of no little impor tance to us of the staple States to know what portion of the duties will fall to our lot to pay. We furnish about three-fourl hs of the exports, with about two-fifths of the whole population. Four-fifths of five nil lions is four millions, which would be the measure of ur contribu!ion, and two-fiflis of five millions is two millions,which would be our share of the distribtiion; that is to say, for every two dollars we would re ceive, under this notable scheme, we would pay four dollars to thie fund from which it would be derived. I now ask, what does it amount to, but makitng the income of the States to the a mount of five millions annually, common property, to be distributed among them according to numbers, or some such ratio, wit hout the least reference to their respec tive contribution? And what is that btt rank agrarianism-agrarianisma among the States? To divide the annual income is as ntuch agrarianism as to divide proper ty iuself; and wvould lie as much so divided among twenty-six States, as among twen ty-six individuals. Let me -admonish the tmembers oppiosite, if they really appre fend the spirit of agranatnism as munch as maight be inferred from their frequent declarations, tnot to set the fatail example here, in their legislative, capacity. Re member there is but one step between di viding the income of the States, and that of individuals, and between a partial and general distribution. Proceeding a step further in tracing consequences. anot he.- question presents itself-on what articles shall the duties he laid ? On the free or the dutied articles? Shall they be laid for revenue or for pro - tection? Is it not obvious that so large an amount as five millions, equal to one-third of the present income from that source, and probably not much less than one-half what it will be at the end of two years, cannot be raised without rotusing from its slumber the tanfiquestion, with all its dis traction and danger? Should that, how ever,not be the ease; there is another con sequence connected with this, that cannot fail to rouse it, as 1 shall now proceed to explain. The act of distributing the sales of the public lands, imng the- States, of itself, as well as the amnount to he distributed, will do much to resuscittate their credit. It s the dosired result, and the leading mo ive for the act. Five millions annually, the amount assumed,) ou a pledge of thme public domain, would, of itself, be a suffi :ient basis for a loan of ninety or an hun lred aiillions of dollars, ifjudiciously man majed. But suppose that only one halt uhould be applied, as the means of negotia ing loans abroad, in order to complete the ild,or to commence new, worksofimprove tint. or other objects,.1 ask, what would' be the effect on our imports, of negonting a loan in 'England, or elsewhere in Eu iope, of forty or fifty millions, in the course or the-next year or two ? Can any doubt, from pit experience? We all know the process. Very little gold or silver is ever seen in these negotiations. A credit is-ob tained, and that placed in bank there, or with wealthy bankers. Bills are drawn otn this country, and then sold to merchants. These are transmitted to Europe. and the proceeds returned in goods. swelling the tide of imports in proportion to the amount. The crash of our -manufacturers folfow, and that in turn, by denunciations against over-importing'and over-trading. in which those who have been most active'iu caus ing it are sure to join, but will tace special care to make not the least allusion to the real source whence it flows. Is not that the case at this moment? And can it he doubted, that with the increase of the cause, the clamor for protection will in, crease, until, with united voices, the friend. of the systeii would demand its renewal. If to this we add, that, tinder the compro. mise act, the tariff must be revived and remoddled, who can look at such a con currence of powerful causes without see. ing thnt it would he almost impossible to prevent the revival of the protective sys tem, should the qcheme of distribution be adopted ? I hazard nothing in asserting that the renewal wouh[ certainly follow, and, as this would be' one of the most prom inent and durable conserlnences of that scheme, I propose to consider it fully, in its most important hearings. One of the most striking features of the system is its tendency to increase. Let i lie but once recognized, and let the most moderate duties be laid for protection; but pit the system in motion, and its course would be onward, onward, by an irresisti ble impulse, as I shall presently show, from past experience; and hence - the necessity of vigilance, and a determin ed resistance to every courseof policy that may by possibility lead to its renewal. This tendency to increase, results from causes inherent sni inseparable from the system, and las evinced itselflby the fact, that every tariff for protectbon has invaiia bly disappointed its frinds in the protec tion anticipated, and has been followed periodically, after short intervals, bj a de mand for another tariff with increased du ties, to afford the protection vainly antici pated from its predecessor. Such has been the result throughnut, from 1816 to 1828, when the first and last protective tariffs were laid, which I propose to shtov by a very brief historical sketch of the rise and progress of the system. The late wag, with the embargo and other restrictive measures that preceded it, almost expelled our commerce from the ocean, and diverted a vast amount of capital, that had been employed in'it, to manufactures. Such was the cause that led io the system. After the termination of the war, there waq on the part of Congress and the country, the kindest feeling tow ardo the manufiacturiig interest, accomain'ied by a strong desire so to adjust the duties, (indispensable to meet the expenses of Government, and to pay the public debt,) as to afford them ample protection. The mnanufacurers were consulted, and the act of 'J1 was moddled to their wishes. rThey regarded it as affording snflicient and permanent protection, and I, in my then want of experience as to the nature of the system, did not dream that we woult hear any more of the tarifl, till it would become necessary to readjust the duties, after the discharge of the Iubic debt. Vainexpectation. Twovearshad not passed away, before the manufactur ers were as clatmorous as ever for addi- - tional protection; and to tncet their wish es, tnew dluties were laid, from time to time, wish the same result ; but the clam or still returned, till 1624, when the tariff of that year passed, which was believed on all sides to be ample, atid was consid eredl, like that of '16, to be a final adjust ments of thme question. It was under this impression that the South acquiesced (re luctantly) in t?'e very high duties it im posed. The late General Hayne, then a distinguished member of this body, took a very active part against it; and I well re-, tmembier, after its passage, that lie con soled himself wvith thet belief that, though oppreisive, it woutld lie the last. H is ex pectatton proved as vain as 'mine, in '16., Before two years had, passEd, we were. again besieged with the cry of the inade quacy of the protection; and, in the sum-. mer of 1827, a large' convention of mann. facturers from all parts was heldl at Hiar risburg, in Pennsylvanuia, to devise a new and more atple schetme oif protection to be laid before Congress at the next ses-. sion. That movement. ended in. the a dopion of the tariff of 1828, which, in or der to make sure work, went far beyond all its predecessors in the increase of du ty. The duties were raised on the lead ing articles of consumption from forty .to fifty per cent. above fhrmer duties, as bigh as they were. .1 speak conjecturally, with. out any certain 'data. In less than three years, even that enormtous rise proved to be insufflicient, as I shall presently show, and would eertainly have been followed by new demands for protection, bad 'nor the small, but gallan, State I represent, arrested its further progress-no, that is not strong enough-brought the system-to the ground,..againist the xesipne of the Administration -and Opposition-never, I trust, to rise again. - ' ' Th. fact diiclosed ptliis brithisrie' a sLiech is, tbkt athe is a coinsant ten etiey to incieaiief4ihe protectve system; and thstovery ineresse of duty, however igh rerfuire penrodically, after a short