University of South Carolina Libraries
? rhe Press and Banner 0f"PubllBbed every Wednesday at 12 e far lo advance. Wednesday, Jan. 8, 1902. Tbe Religion* Mcetlmcn. This Is ibo annual week of prayer In ali parts of tbe world, where tbe blessed name o oar Saviour Is known. Christians of all shades of belief are appeal Ing dally aloDg tbe same lines for a dlvlnt blessing upon lhe church and the people. Ii t the requests of two or three who appeal to tbe Head of tbe Church ure heeded, may we nol expect a blessing when tbe Christian world bows down In bumble prayer and earnest supplication at the loot of tbe Cross ? The churches in Abbeville are holding union services every nlgbt, alternately In tbt ' dlflerent bouses of worship. Earnest preachers have appealed Hllke to tbe ratthful and tc the wayward to renew their zeal In tbe work of righteousness, and to forsake the path; which lead not to glory. The thought of a whole people approaching the throne of grace In humility of speech, and In purity of heart, conveys a lesson which the most callous could not disregard. Deuily'a Bridge. It will he welcome news to our people t< learn that (be coovlctn are already at work on tbe Dew road wtilcb wit) crosn Louy Cane oi> * blgb bridge, about ball nHe above tbe mud bole where so many mea, aDlmalH aud vehicles bave goue dow* beneath tbe wave* or suok out of sight in be mud. Supervisoi NlekelH is determined to bave an outlet t< tbe surrounding country. As soon as th? oew roed In finished a Hi tbe Dew bridge in finished the old Dendyys bridge aud Its sur rounding inud bole wlll be preserved no tb:>t tbe men wbo uncoverlig Ponpell aud Baby loula may get tbe contract for uncovering tbe mysteries of tbose dangerous grounds. ^ ? Ehuj <Ooorn. For a l0Dg|tlmetbe doors of tbe cburch In which tin- Associate >"Iormed Presbyterians worship bav?r fitted s<. badly that they gave trouble to those wbopassed In or out. But now tbey open at tbe slightest eflort. find close wltb certainty, without even a toncD. The ease with whlci these doors open and shut nay oe->mb e n <6c. It. may mean that me noors 01 me vuureu of ibe tree and IIvIik G id will open to us freely, even at tbe slljhUsnt wish of him who would forsake his w yward ways. It may alto remit).1 us ol Him who said, "J am the door," and w'jo invited even the vlie and the wicked m, repent aDd come Into the sacred precli cts.vhere even the righteous should remove the noes from their feet be lore entering. Shot d the easy openlug doors teach no lemons, yo It Is true that you, be you saint or sinneir are cordially lDvlted to pass within ibelr petals. Don't staDd like a dummy on tbe siren corner during tbe bout of worship, but coire and hear the message"of love I bat may b? delivered "in His holy ^ temple." Firm. Mr. W.J MrKeekas opened, or Is openlne. a Dew stock of goo<* In the store recently occupied by Mr. I'. H! Wilder. He bas paldtec tbe store-room anl otherwise set tblnKS to . rights In bis new tiiuse Mr. McKee does no' propose to open tbl biggen store In town, nor does be expect to Jpen tbe largest stock ol gooda In the count! but he does propose to give you the best <r bargains in the best ol Soods with tbe ber. of service. Call and set ilm. | Weldnme Gni-sls. Daring: the lam Peek the Press aud Baon' r bad various bonded callers. Aidodk others were Mr. ErnesrfCbeatbam of Wurrenton, who wag In coiipany with Miss Trlbble 01 Donalds, and MIh Cheatham of Wurrenton They were sbo^a through the office with pleasure. We an sorry that our presses were oot running at t/e lime. Tbe Place lo Gel Your Ticked*. WbeD you lntpd to marry It might be to your Interest topt'l at the Press and Banner office to see aboit printing the wedding Invitations. I ' WIconie Home. Many frlendfJare glad to welcome Mr. W E. Beil back p the sc*neg of his younge' years. He Is alnost excellent business man and deservetvarood fate. Af R. P. Cbnrch. At the Assclnte Reformed Presbyterlsn cburch next sabbath morning ihe pssior will preach oiyhe subject "Looking Within." Tbe public ls'irdlally Invited. \ , ? v 5 Lout. A young ret milk cow. wide between tb' horns. A su^ahle reward will he given lor ber return tqMrs. J. C. Klugh, Abbeville. i Wanted. MO turke*/. 1,000 chickens, and all the duetto be i'ff~red. B jiBeacbam. at the Miller Hotel. J Fnrin Wnuletl. (Saf to ep hundred seres Improved and L< goo'l built,/;** at or nesr R K Mixtion. it. .ddress. Box. 88 Gainesville, G-i. ' ? M r. R. I Br wnlee o? Due We'l, wa? t town on trif Uh.v niid mtve a plia^a"! al at the Prc/nurt Bun ner fflfiM. He is ?u< i the most jcmperooH men in the county, and as m side ,/ue. gives some uttentlon 10 iti< oo'ton m,i biiKii.ei>K. He has recently neer at a n?ee?4ji! of directors ol a mill In Green vllle, wt ..u be reports as making money and ^?- ready to fy ? dividend. Hon. !r<H. McCalla was one of the call er? at th Press t*nd Banner office last HaltDay Pfwlll be In Ibe race for Omuress this Ku liner, and be proposes to make ? lively r? f for the coveted prize. }tlr James Martic Seal. A wel^Juown gentleman of Abbeville is iak?jfc ? rent afier a year of hard studyjfthe (jraded fcjrhool. Nici /ewklky.?It you want nice Jewelry of lUtaie-fet-t and he*t pniiernK. or If you ne d <rJctacle8 or waiche-, call on J. W. tt\ k-rd.' Ji? gi?-?i8 are t>o-h pretl.y and chexp. He tii Teauilfu* preHtnis lor loved ones. l( if CO iFEDERATE MONUMENT. ' Lei's I Rise, till It Meet the Nun In HI* til nlntc ; Let the EarllfNt Lite hi ol 1 < Hornlnir GII<1 it, and ParlliiK ay LliiK< r hikI Play on ItN Nuui1 -t > J> / dl / A nierialnment will be given on Tues hda<A fceulug, January 21. to celebrate lb? bir 'iayw 01 Jackson and Lee. Tbls eater tal 'Jeni in being gotten up by tbe daugh ter1# tbe Confederacy for tbe purpowe ol I rauijg money for the Con federate Monument f wt Fie to be eretted and dedicated to the mi bry of tbe Confederate volunteers who w^jButo.tbe army of Abbeville County. ^88 Janie Hollingsworth gave a reclfJ at the academy Friday evening, 8,e, showed both skill aud taleDt in t' k lection she reudered. Miss Hoi1 Is wort h has musical talent of n b p order, which ^as cultivated in Io) West Female College. Her singi rfwas certainly a treat; for it is not c^n we hear euch a fine voice.?LaiFt Leader. 71 SALE OF III HE HOBS i, * E WILL SELL AT McCORMICK ON ?iuary 24, 1902, at 12 o'clock M., alt thai ! l-'Hct of land belonging to Estate E. P. Hollo 1 ^.W, deceased, known as "Cane-Brake," laying Little River and Buffalo Creek In Abbe H j^jle County, containing 1 ?' 208 Acres, K np-ERMS-CBBb. 1 J. B. Holloway, ,ff J. P. Holloway, h ? S. M, Holloway, H. ?p Executors. Ma 's December81,1001 tf. : - PASTURE GRASSES. Pasture and hay grasses are commandingfinteresing attention among the fanuers in all factions of the couu1 try I am .'constantly in receipt of letters inqu ring as to the best varieties of grassesj for grazing in winter and cutting ft r hay in the spring. Many farmers v^ant a combination of grasx' es some -.varieties of which will be green ill winter, while others will spring in o life in April and remain 1 green all iu miner. This shows a trend r of thougi ts developing in the right direction, and along the right line. Several rfuudred head of young thor1 oughbutf varieties of beef cattle were 1 *old t<farmers in difFerent sections of ' Geor/ia last year and the question of 1 better pasturage than that usually 1 fount? on the average farm is receiving attention. Fiist class healthy cattle canuot be profitably raided and herded ! on poor pa turage. The experiment ' ha- been too often tried and failed to ' idmit of any argument. Jn raising ' he** cattle or any kind of stock somethiffg else is necessary than merely 1 securing grass or forage. Stock must not only l-ave au abuudance of grass, but it must be of the best quality oi 1 grasfvobuinable. (Quality rather than > quantity must be the controlling idea, and of all people the man who is engaged in the cattle orstock business oiw>..iH hp the best nosted on the rel ative n^erits of grasses composing th* ' pasturafce on the farm. He should 1 know tAeir relative feeding valUf, so 1 that in >.he effort made t?? secure tne best rest Jls from their use he wih cultivate oul jSiich varieties as will pay foi ' the care .?nd trouble. A good hay or pasture >}a*s should not be too rank ' in its gr'wth, because the stems ar* likely t ( soon become coarse and wooiJv.r [idering them largely unpalatable ana' hard to digest. Tne plant shouldlfave, if possible, a larye proportion1 leaves, which are always 1 the mo:nledible and easiest digestible parts, permanent meadows should consist If perennials. But few grasses fertilize Ithe soils upon which they grow, tl Irefore some- legumious plani should I Imixed with grasses. Where forage c Bps alone are >;rown leguminous plar Kshould be used in preference lo all oti Irs. t-l)ME GOOD GRASSES. Native lras*'s as a general rule are superior I all others, no matter how highly a Bertised the foreign varieties may be. Whose grasses which have thrived c southern soils for generations are moroughly acclimatized, and many ( them are as nutritious us any |hich can be imported frotn olh'ej countries. For a spring, ?ummer B.nd early fall gras*, nothing isBsuperior for a first class permauentMpasture than Bermuda. The grass sKbds at the very top of all grasses in t A United States for nutriment and pAection from every standpoint of criAism. It will thrive and make a perfeB sod on nearly evrey variety of soul M the Southern states. Bermuda rS only serves its mission as a first clas?>asturt? grass for cattle, horses, sheepBid nogs, but it make* a hay easily cBed and inferior to none other in thisBountry. The vetches, both hairy anKvmLer kinds, are also valuable for flv aud winter grazing, exteuding wffl into spring. Othei good graases.are Japan clover, fall oal grass, crabgrass, lucerne or alfalfa, F orida beggar weed, orchard grass, burr clover. Texas bluegrass.teosinte, alsike c.'Xver, red clovei, yellow lupine and coi leas. These are varieties ol grassesj Ld clovers from which any man n.B make good selection foi winter aAsummer growth for pasturage or Hiy, to suit tbe section of country iHwhich he lives. PB?fV:iNG PASTURK LANDS. The laiBupou which grasses are t< tie sown Hr pasturage or hay should be well pweii a few days before sowing I be ueW>, and the u hanow the toj surfice uw-V] the soil is smooth and nicely puff^rized. In a mixture of lighl and heavy feed, they should be sown ^parately.JisT* ise will be impossible to secure a^E.ven distribution of tin seed. TjfeBjavy seed wi 1 be 'thrown farther, ^jlile the lighter ones will rail near,r b|v, and the s>aud wi 1 bt badly ftf^jJed and irregular. When 8eeM are e-Mn by hand it is always best to gi) cSer the ground twice, sowing one half the quantity one way and r^turuin'x over the land in oppositt direction; In covering seed a roller is preferable to a harirod', .smoother or brunh. II the seed are quite small aud sowed j<i*t previous to a rain, no covering if necessary. In our section of the coun try August and September are the two iuol .l;s b<?wt | t^uited in which to sow grasses or clUver. lime *eeu vauuu be sown [in I the fall of the year on account of ot her growing crops on tht land, then plant in February 01 March, so as to give the young plants time to become firmly rooted before the sping weeds or early hot weathei comes on with their deteriorating effects. It is rarely advisable to sow grasses or clo vers with grain, thougli clovers sometimes do well with wheat or oats. appliqat3 on of fertilizers. There is no [better fertilizer for haj or oasturel lands than stable manun or green c<bttoii seed broadcasted and plowed in iwhen the land is broken i Such a ferijilizer will last for two 01 three years without additional ferti lization. [Of course topdressing be comes neuessary if the grass show; failure fro Jin want of proper fertility in the soil] A satisfactory crop ofhaj ' cannot be j ;rovn on poor soils, neith er can a g( iod pasture be maintainec 1 on land \ k'hich will not produce s ; good crop i )fcctton and corn. Propei i fertilizatioi 1 is as necessary on haj and pastuj -e hnds as elsewhere. A first-class top dressing for spring . applicatior i cat be made of r>0 pound: of potash ptr acre, whch can b< secured in 4U0 pounds of kanit, 2o( . pouns cott< >n hill ashes or lOO.pound: , of muriate of >otash, put on broad cast by hi md. Where a littlo nitro gen is nee led 250 pounds of cottor ; seed meal be added. It is i hopeful sign jto note the in teres farmers aife taking in this matter la ithn time not dis;tjin auu AV IVIUI VHU , vnv v.??.v ..WW ?? in the future when the south wil once more take ;her place among th< principal cattle (and stock producing I sections of the ^vorld. ( | Ilarvie Jordan. Estate #'ElizaM Weeks, Dec'ei ~f? ; Notice of I settlement and Application Ifor Pinal Discharge. rwlAI^I-' MrrirmR that nn th? Mlh duV O A January, llJlC,l ??lil render a Anal aocoun of my actlni :s and doings as Admlnlstrato of the Kstal< s of Elzabeth Weeks,deceased In (be office o f Judge of Probate for Abbevlll County at 10 o'clock a. in., and on the Bairn day will app ly for i flnal discharge from ra< trust as such Sxecutor. All persons bavlrg demands against salt eBtate will pi esent them for payment on o ! before that ?1 a y, pro'en and authenticated o ' be forever bai red. Pate WeekM, ( Dec. 24, 1901, Administrator. THE FURNITURE FACTORY. The Work of Erectiuic ilie Splendid' BiillilliiK*) Froer?n8C!i. ' Notwithstanding the bad weather Superln- t tendent Chapman Is making good progress j """tlnn nt anlpnrllrt hrlplt hllilrllntfH ' - In whlcb the machinery (or the manufacture!* of furniture will soon he Installed. Better| building" could not be desired for any pur- E pose, and every stockholder will be pleased I with the siart whlcb has been made. The'i buildings are on the main line of the Kea-| board Air Line, a little beyond the OldFalr|r Ground,and on the opposite side from the " Fair Oround. Mr. Chapman Is business manager, Mr. C. P. Hammond is the bookkeeper, and Mr. J. S. Starke is the president. V ? <1 HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION. The Employment of Free Lnbor Gives th Best Itesults. *Commenting on the employment ol 1 ' -a- -? a ttt ora hfl COnVlCIS Oil WJt) jyuuuvi ul6uno;i,| New Orleans Times-Demorrat points out that the best results have been obtained in road building when the best free labor only haa been employed. It Bays: Road construction is a science requiring a more careful study of the subject than is generally imagined. The 1 prevalent idea that any one can build a | good road will not hold good. The ' matter requires study, care and a thorough knowledge of the soil and country , through which the road is to be built. . The department of agriculture has late ly been doing good work by laying be fore the people exactly what is necessary in road construction. The employment of convicts in road construction is very popular just now, as offering simultaneously a solution of ; the two troublesome problems of what , to do with our prison population and . how to improve our highways. In view I of the fact that the convicts in New i York, Indiana and other states are kept idle, as the law makes no provision for their support, it is well that Louisiana 1 should take some steps to utilize hers when it has them on its hands, and road construction seems an ideal qmI ployment for them. c On the other nana, toe experience 01 . those states which have been most snc- t ceesfnJ with their roads is that only c i the best labor (and convict labor is not a i the best) should be employed in their 1 construction and maintenance. No state \ ' which has made any material improve- a 1 ment with its highways has employed convict labor, and no state which has c employed that kind of labor has secured ? \ much improvement in its roads. The ^ best results have been accomplished by \ road taxes and the giving out of con- i tracts. i GOOD COUNTRY ROADS. I The Borden of Their Cost Shoold B? Alike on All the People. It has been estimated that 500,000, | 000 tons of farm produce are hauled to ( market annually in the United States | and that the cost of marketing it is $3 per ton, or just about $1,000,000,000. t This is not money paid out, but is the 1 value of the time spent by farmers .with e their teams in marketing crops or what c these men and teams would have earned 4 if they had been hired for cash to do ' ' this amount of hauling. The secretary of the farmers' national congress and J the United States department of agri-: t . culture agree in estimating that about1 g 60 per cent of this vast amount, or a $600,000,000, would be saved each year I if farmers were able to do this hauling,1 over good roads. I 1 This, then, is the amount of the an- . ' nual mud tax to which we have been ^ submitting, says the Cedar Rapidfl (la.) f | Gazette. Railroads, telegraphs and e , steamboat lines have been assisted by t , the states and subsidized by the govern- t . ment, but nothing ha3 been done for ^ . the common country road. The farmers t i alone have had to build country roads, J i without assistance from the cities, from t ' wealthy corporations or from the state. v 1 Every citizen will bo benefited by the t 1 construction of good roads, directly and I [ indirectly, and every taxpayer should I . contribute his share to their cost. No 1 wonder the farmer opposes the good > roads movement, if he alone is to stand F the expense. Ho has rightly suggested j I fknfc Via ohnnlrl ho nsaistpri thrnucrh the . **"*" ? *- t medium of a state road tax, under a sys- c tern of state aid, as. now employed in I J New Jersey, Connecticut and Massachu- a ' Betts. - t 6 1 Good Roads Object Lesson. i ; Four or five years ago the town of J . Hempstead, Queens county, N. Y., voted J I to spend $400,000 in road improvements. 'r Farms at the tjme wore worth from $80 ( P to $50 an acre. They are now worth ? r several hundred dollars an acre and re- c , turn good interest for those who pur- ^ i chased them at that price. This has t been such an object lesson to tbeir ^ neighbors that I understand something ? like $1,000,000 will be spent this year ? ' in other parts of Qneens county and { i neighborhood in building good roads. ( I This may seem a large amount of mon ey to be spent for the purpose, but owing to the character of the soil and the ' fact that good road material must be t " brought the cost of construction is high- 1 ' er than it would be in most parts of the t 1 state. ? 7 t Fifty Miles to Market. ? ' It is not an uncommon thing in 1 \ France to see a farmer 40 or 60 miles j ; from home in wet weather with a heavy , load. If he sees a prospect of a three t ^ days' rain, he puts his tarpaulin over t I his load, a cover over his horses and a ? i waterproof coat on and starts off to mar) ket. He may go 50 miles before he finds s a market that suits him, or he may . I know in advance just where he is going. 1 -I You do not often see anybody driving 50 i i miles through a rainstorm in the United,1 11 States to find a market for a load of1 j t hay, but it is not at all uncommon to j ,' see farmers' wagons 40 or 60 miles from i t home in France. They choose the wet 11 weather for that purpose. Their road& 3 are just as good then as at any time.? 1 > General Roy Stone. ! Convict Labor on Roads. Convict labor in road building is be- , ing employed in Duval county, Fla., . j and in North Carolina. In the latter I case 21 cents per day per head is said I to urmo-r rvsafc nf fnnrl rlnkhpH. rriflrli oal attendance and guards, as compared " with 28 cents per day for maintaining the same prisoners in jail. The Duval j I Good Koads association of Florida ad? vocates the use of short term convicts r on such work and makes the claim that . they would in this manner pay back 9 some of the money expended upon them, / and they would also stand a better j chance of being called back to an honest r' life than if they were made to associ- 1 rj ate with more hardened criminals in a J | prison. BENEATH THE SOD. 4 saw the mortal laid benenth the sod. With carven cross above her breast. knew the Immortal spirit was with God? ( A bright, pure soul had gained eternal reft. Irst of a band of friends to pass away, Her busy, useful life on earth is done. ' inded forever is our toilsome day, I For her the promised rest has now begun. ] stood and beard the solemn accents fall, i 'I am the resurrection and the life." tod, whose great mercy watches over all, Had t'en my friend from out our earthlj i strife. ' Pe loft her lying in her peaceful bed Until the dawning of that last great day, I 'rusting in ono who long ago hath said That he will wipe all bitter tears away. ?Florence Peaoock in Academy. ( POWER OF ORATORY. tood Voice and a Fine Presence Connt For Much. Ifc la a fine thing that words have power o burn and that in the flame of eloquence , deal of trumpery and stuffy notions are Tf hna Kn/in OnM fcVint". caul WUOU1UVU. JL.U uug WVM VUW ;enuine oratory Is gone, but now and then he spirit of the mightiest power that Q0VG9 masses of men shows its everlasting itality in a notable way. With sincere lersonal conviction to support him a man rith a good voice and that gift of adding ihrase unto phrase which is indefinable any enchain a great convention, hold thouands of men pliant to his thought and eelings, or he may charm and cheer his lundreds in a banqueting halL The secret of genuiup oratory, of the sort hat moves and stirs all hearers to responive emotion, is always to be found at the enter of a Btorm of honest feeling on the art of the orator. It is concealed in the lidden places of the interior life and is the noro effective when its restraint is shown ven in the whirl of impassioned words or loble marshaling of phrase after phrase. Jrivate views and narrow contentions, peronal ishes, never have a chance for exposition in oratory that moves men and vomen. It must express large principles argely, or its influence never remains, nor tas tho fame of any orator endured except if those who spoke for the largest conviolon and desire of the mind of man. The earliest movement which freed Bos on from England, although Lord North isedto assure his countrymen that "no ither province will in the least countenance ho rebellious Bostonians," was kept alive >y the orators of Boston. The orations on he massacre, delivered in tho Old Brick hurch, on the site of Cornliill square, or ,t the Old South church, were attended by mmense crowds of people. It has been veil said that these patriotic orations are k protective shield to our constitution. 'There are few men of consequonce among ls who did not commence their careers by ji oration on the 5th of March," wrote lohn Quincy Adams. And in these days, rhen, by aid of descendants of the "rebellous Bostonians," the stars and stripes lave waved in peace at Aldershot, oratory s lending its time honored aid in the pronotion of arbitration between the English peaking nations. To the day and the deed Strike the harpbtrings of glory. , ' Let the tongue of the eloquent Hallow the story. ?Boston Transcript Food and Character. That certain kinds of food affect a man nentally, morally and physically is well :nown. It is by no means impossible that lorridge has contributed largely to the haracteristics of the Scotch; that it makes heir men brave, brawny and shrewd, and heir women blithsome and bonny, and heir whole nation pious. A professor of ihysiology Insists that the inferiority of he Celts is due to their universal use of he potato as the chief staple of diet. He j ays that no man can live on potatoes and i .mount to anything. An exclusive diet of lotatoes has no doubt contributed largely o many of the characteristics of tho Irish. Beef and beer through many generations J | 3 1 ? /1 lave no uouut iiau tucii~ iuuuvuw uu mo Englishman. They have mado him stubborn. opinionated, self assertive and a good ighter. His intellect, like his beer, is both itrong and heavy, and not Infrequently ingdd with bitterness. The French, with heir notable variegated diet, aro equally vhimsical in their minds. This is also he case with the Americans, who have lerhaps the most versatile minds as well as he most abundant bill of fare of any naion. Wa will not go bo far as to define vhlch is the cause and which is the effect, )ut we insist that the diet of the average Londoner is far from being the best for his )hysical and mental health.?London HoeL Whence the Acorn? The male flowers of the oak aro gatherod n distant clusters round a long, swaying talk. They approach much nearer to the . onventlonal idoa of a flower Individually, instead of being a mere aggregation of inthers, or pollen cells, on simple scales, hose of the oak are possessed of distinct tarlike, hairy calxces, each marked off nto six or seven lobes and containing ten [lender stamens, with two celled anthera Chen the female flowers, which are usualy two or three, near each other, but not sonnected, consist each of an ovary, with ihree short curved styles, and invested by h calyx that adheres closely to It ana De:omos the husk, or shell, of the acorn. The vholo, except the styles, is held In a cup orraed of many small overlapping scales, ijhich afterward lose their individuality kfld shrink into mere roughness on the outilde of the cup that holds tho acorn, for inly one of the fill ovules contained in the ivary develops into an acorn (seed or corn if the ac, or oak).?Good Words. Oddly Shaped Spiders. The most peculiar spiders in the world, is well as the largest ones, inhabit the isand of Sumatra. They are of all conceivible forms and colors, and some of them ipin threads almost as large and strong as ihe grocer's twine. Some queerly shaped iplders have square bodies poised on long ed legs, and others have crooked green md yellow legs which support heart shaped lodies. One of the very oddest of the lot las a body that looks like that of a young iurtle, the "shell" having round knobs ma pear miapeu prujeunuue uxx um ?v>? St. Louis Republic. Cariosity Aronied. "Papa, what makes this cheese smell ioP" "The process by which it was cured, I presume." (After some moments of profound cogitation.) "Papa, what would it smell like If it hadn't been cured}1"?Chicago Trifame. The "era of the martyrs," a famous era In use in the early church, commemorates the tenth and last great persecution by Diocletian, beginning Feb. 33, 284 A. D. The dollar goldpieco wns authorized by ict of congress March 3, 1849, uud its coinage was begun in the same year. CHARLES I*. PRESSLY, ATTORNEY AND COUNSELLOR AT LAW, 302 and 304 Leonard Building. Commissioner for South Carolina. Augusta, Ga. Try our seeded raisins, currants and citron If yon want to make good fruit cake. W. D. Barksdnle. Nice line lamps aud lamp goods. W. D..BarkwUle. v-,;. *> 8PARR0WS ARE SHREWD. Q 1 Lot of Them Proved It In Releasing a ^ Mate. The English sparrow Is perhaps the shrewdest bird going and rarely ever gets uaught in a scrape. I saw one literally in ? a tight place, though, and but for the 1 shrewdness of his friends he would doubt- i less be there now, or worse. A careless col- I ored cook of the house adjoining mine had f ipilled some raw rice, perhaps a quart or more, in the buck yard of the neighbor's ? premises. In order to hide her careless- r ness from her mistress and so to save herself the trouble of picking up the rice, the resourcoful cook simply turned an empty ^ box over the little pile, thus putting it out e of sight, and went her way rejoicing. 8 Presently a bevy of sparrows chanced c that way and took possession of my neigh- c bor's back yard. Ere long an adventurous ] one of tho number discovered a convenient knothole in the overturned box, poked his inquisitive little head therein and forthwith sproad the news of the rice find. Then things were pretty lively thereabout. First one and then another of the birds would pop down through the hole, to bob up n few moments later with his crop full of rice. They were all mighty gay over the matter and most of them made two or three trips inside before they were satisfied. By and by something seemed to have gone wrong. The birds fluttered and chirped and ohattered in an agitated manner, crowding upon and about the box eo thickly that it was some time before I could see that one little brown head kept bobbing up frantically threugh the knothole from the underside and getting no farther. Some crreedv little fellow had . laid in an oversupply, mid so made himself too big for an exit through the hole. The case really seemed a pitiful ono, as nothing but time and the slow process of nature could relieve the poor prisoner of bis predicament. At least that is what I thought, and I marveled that eo clever a creature as a sparrow should get himself into a holo. Meantime I had forgotten to reokon upon the ingenuity of the birds on the outside of the hole. They lost po timo in bringing this qualification in evidence, however, for pretty soon I discovered that they had set to work to dig the little prisoner out. Having selected the most vulnerable spot of the surrounding ground, first one and then another of the birds would scratch and peck away, each one taking bis turn and working energetically till by and by a hole was made big enough tot even the overloaded fellow on the lnside'to creep through.?Philadelphia Times. ENGLISH KNIGHTS. The Ceremony Before the Queen at Which They Get Their Titles. Her majesty being now ready to receive us, we were ushered into her presenoe one 1 at a time. My turn was the twelfth t hence one of my friends has dubbed me ' the Twelfth Knight The equerry took me I to the door of the apartment and then left me. It was a lofty room, but not very | large, being perhaps 40 feet long and of a corresponding width. The queen was seated on a very low seat at thev end of the ! apartment opposite the door. Behind her the ladies In waiting were arranged In a 1 semicircle, some of the princesses being os 1 her left, and the lords in waiting and th? Duke of York on her right hand. i On entering I gave my " best bow," and, advancing a few steps, stopped and bowed again, when I was introduced to her majesty, my name being pronounced wrongly, ' another bow on closely approaching hex and then, dropping on my left knee, I extended the right hand, baok uppermost, fur the queen has a great objection to moist p_alms. The queen then laid her right hand 1 ?a very little plump one?upon mine, and I kissed it. Then she took a sword?dreadful mo; , xnent?and smote me, ever so gently, on my left shoulder, saying in very low, sweet and soft tones, "Rise, Sir Richard." And I became a "dubbed" knight, but not a "belt" one, as nowadays knights have to find their own belts. Then came a very difficult part of the ceremony. I had to retire from the presenoe backward. Now, I had alwaya been mfl nvovlnna Hffl gUIUg 1U1 TTCliU UUi4Ug WJJ and was somewhat doubtfal as to bow I should perform tbls retrograde movement I remembered the fate of the mayor of Truro, who, having presented an address 1 to the queen on board her yaoht In Palmouth harbor, walked backward into the sea. However, I stepped baok a pace and, ; having steadied myself bowed, then an- ( other half a dozen paoes, bowing again, and after repeating the operation onoe more to my great relief found myself at the door.?Sir Richard Tangye in Chambers' Journal. The English Longbow. 1 The range and power of the English longbow in its palmiest days were extraordinary, notes a writer in Chambers' Journal. We buve seen and handled one of these bows, said to bave been used at Flodden. It measured 6 feet, unstrung, 5 xL? ? ??? o fTlkft wiill mnaf Viava aou iuu arrow o tcci. iud yuh u>ua? >> been quite 100 pounds. To draw tbe olotb yard shaft on suob a bow would probably defy tbe powers of even an exceptionally strong man nowadays. But good Bishop Latimer, in bis well known eulogy of English aroherv, has shown us how from their boyhood Englishmen were scientifically trained in the use of tho bow till, like Jufitioo Shallow's horo, old Double, they oould "olap in the clout at twelvescore yards." Up to what distanoe the old longbow was really effective Is a question not easy to answer, but from the data we possess it may safely be assumed that against anything but armor of proaf tbe cloth yard shaft was deadly up to 800 yards, while for combined rapidity and% efficiency In shooting no weapon could compare with the longbow till the introduction of the breechloader. Taking Ail the Carls. "I am glad you like my new watch charm, Miss Laura. It is a pretty ornam?nt T think, thonch. it needs some thing to make it complete. May I ask you for a look of your lovely hair?" "Certainly, Mr. Ferguson. You can have all you want, but?but?doesn't It seem a pity to mar the symmetry of these curls by cutting one off?" "It does," responded George, with quiok and eager oomprehension. "I wouldn't do anything for worlds to destroy their perfect symmetry. I'll take them all." j And the youth ornamented the vioinity of his watch pocket with the entire head for a long, long time.?Pearson's Weekly. The atlas moth, a night flying insect of oentral Brazil, is the largest winged Insect in the world. Its wings extend 14 inches from tip to tip. Strange to say, the bicycle now form* no inconsiderable portion of the miscellaneous supplies forwarded to the missionarits abroad. Wool Underwear for Children! P. Rosenberg & Co. j, are headquarters for children | wool vests and pants, and they carry all sizes. L. W. White carries at all times a full line of grocerlers and hard war". Call on hlm.j You will be well treated. , All the Ingredients of the best quality for making fruit cuke can be had at the grocery si ore of L. W. White, raisins, currants, | citron,almonds, &c. 7 :-ry v ... . - rr iOVERNMENT ROADMAKING. 1 Cork of Construction Supplemented by Lectures by an Expert. Several weeks ago the department of griculture began its first experiment n roadbuilding at New Brunswick, T. J., under the direction of E. B. larrison, special agent of the office of u oad inquiry. The model road being considered is he first of several which the governnent is to build at the various experiaent stations throughout the country. > Che government furnishes a rock crushr, screen, engine to drivo steam roller, preading wagon and road grading ma- ^ bine and two skilled operators. The jj ity furnishes the material, carts and aborers. m The rood will be of macadam pattern. 0 ^.n inferior grade of traprock is found b n abundance near New Brunswick and U his ia being used in the substructure h if the road. The superstructure is ob- 8 ained from the traprock deposits in | be neighborhood of Plainfield and the a Dranees. . The model pavement will have a d lepth of about nine inches and the foun- 1; iation be made of small, wedge shaped, e jroken stones of as nearly the same di- a nensions as possible. The roadbed will * je prepared by thoroughly rolling with v t steam roller weighing about ten tons. ? Svery hole will be carefully filled with y ;he same material that composes the t 'est of the roadbed, and the finished q iross section will be formed by two a grades of one foot in 80 feet from the G tides, uniting at the center, with the c ipex slightly rounded. Four inches of :rushed stone will be spread on the : larefully prepared roadbed to form the foundation of the substructure. The $ largest of these stones will be crushed t so fine as to bo able to easily pnss c :hrough a two inch ring, and the small- < 2st will be about half an inch in diam- < iter. ; 1 This foundation will then be sprin- ' kled, making ihe stone as wet as possi- ' ble witnout eortening tne roaaoea, ana t the roller passed over it a few times < until the stone is only slightly disturbed < by.the teams returning with the empty t iarta. The first foundation is not made ( deeper than fonr inches, because it has been found that a greater thickness causes the stones to "elbow" together, wearing off their sharp corners, making the "bonding," which is the great de- ] sideratum, a very slow process, if. not i on impossibility. . i When the first foundation has been I thoroughly sprinkled, a second coat of < Bimilar stone three inches in thickness * will be applied. After the stone has 1 been well "bonded" to this extent it will J again be sprinkled, and while very wet j a thin coating of traprock screenings ; will be most carefully spread over the rarface, just thick enough to fill the Bmall spaces between the stones. The size of the stones of this last applica- 1 tion, which is called in the parjance of road.building the "binder," will be from half an inch in diameter to the j finest dust. When the work has reached ( this atase, it will be left untouched in . the dry state as long as practicable to < harden and bind. The application of water and the passage of vehicles will < be prevented as long as practicable. As the work progresses Mr. E. B. ' Harrison, who is directing the work for ' the department of agriculture, will deliver lectures explaining the process of j laying the road.' Rutgers college students in the agricultural department and farmers will be invited to attend the lectures and witness the work. General Grant Favored Good Roads. 1 Nearly 20 years ago General Grant, in enumerating necessary lines of public imprcvements, named the public schools and highways. Once, when he | and General Sheridan were in a reminiscent mood, the old commander said to "Little Phil, "^speaking of the letter's famous zide to* the battle of Cedar Creek: "Sheridan, if that battle had taken place after a prolonged rain and there had not been a good pikp from i Winchester, you would never have been i promoted to the head of the United States army. Yon would not have reached the battlefield to cheer your men, | and there would have been a great defeat for the Union forces instead of a great victory. That would have left Meade and Thomas a long distance , ahead of you in the line of promotion." , ?New York Tribune. ' Keep the Road Dry. F. A. Dunham, who has been prominently identified with the farfamed 1 system of modern highways of New Jersey, at a meeting of the Connecticut Valley Highway association, stated that poor material well put together can be made to produce better results than first class material carelessly put together. Nothing is more fatal td du < rability than the drainage of the road * 1 W bed, and more p?rucajar.iy mo bubdrainage, which is often neglected. A macadam road cannot be left to itself after a completion, bat needs constant supervision. Both Hard and Easy. Good roads are about the easiest thing in the world to make, once undertaken, but about l.be hardest thing there is to get officials to take hold of.?Parkersburg (W. Va.) Sentinel. Wheel Track*. According to the statement of the president of the Missouri Good Roads association, the people of that state spent |490,000 during 1896 for road improvement, while it cost them just $600,000 for roads supervisors. In other words, it cost the state $1,090,000 during the year for $490,000 worth of road improvement. In France there are 44,000 miles of > nlnMCi *r\nAa htT fhfi OnVPfJl. I UiOU UOOO Avaug l/u?<v *->j ?uv Qv meat, and about an equal number of miles have been built by the different departments, as well as thousands of miles built by smaller divisions. From the beginning of the work to the end there ia a system, and responsibility is 1 assured. ^ i E. F. GfllLIARD,1 /.TAILOR,:, i HAS moved, and occupies the rooms upstairs In Knox's Hall, and Is now pre Ftared to do all kinds of repairing and olean ne of gentlemen's olothes on short notloe. Haraples of suits always on band. Charge reasonable Messrs. Hodge*. Keller, Cheatban. Fetzer and Wilson will aot as ushers during the doll reception. Tbey extend to yon a cordial lavi' tatlon to attend. W. E>. Barksdale, ' .M v . " ' . -.vp . i -r V ' ! -*:-V ' ???? HE DISFENSABT BUSIKESS. The Gross Sale* and Profit*, (; roHS sales for 1901 ? $46122.14 ~v'?sij Costs of wblskeyB ...... 83757.90 ?' Gross protl 8113M.18 Expenses 2246.08 Nct profits rlevlded equally be veen lowo and uouniy? ?nu.v : V STUDENTS' DUELS. tow tht German Unlvenity Km Aw Padded For the Fight. My friend bad vanished into the drees3g room, and ut first glaqoe I entirely tiled to recognize him in the padded. ' "?| lonster that now staggered clumsily into f ^ tie room, supported on each side by hi* scond and sword bearer. Thetnlck armor ' $ f lonther and wadding with whloh he VU ' < t olstered entirely protected his body and . imbs. His neok was rigidly Incased in a ,> % igb, thick collar of Bilk and whipoord, nd his eyes were protected by iron goglies as large as small teacups, from which strap passed roand the ears to be buokled t the back of the head. His* .second was 1 omewhat similarly equipped, and in ad ition wore a leather cap with a strong v /jsa ron peak. The other principal presently . nterod the room and took up his position it one sword's length from Zimmerman. ; le was closely followed by the ampin at inparteiischer. This personage wa^ a hronio medical student of tep years' tandlng?a mass of genial rotundity, x ,.?$8 rith a fat, amorphons face in which fernurea seemed a superfluity. He was duly [nalifled for his responsible position- by in nnlimited capacity for beer and the ho VioH T1OTAT nAMMd/ffl f?V llVHUUDiW.^. , , , ixa mi nation. Enthroned on an arxnohair '- *& i little In front of the other spactators, ha livided his time pretty equally between a : 1 mge mug of Mnnchener and a long pipe >f which the painted china bow] rested on hi ground. He now proclaimed "filUen-> iium!" and proceeded to /uanounoe the iueL It was to last,for 20 minutes, ex* . sluding all pauses, and as usual to oonslsfc if short bouts or "gangs," with brief In* iervalu of rest between each. The swords -long, nasty looking blades, sharp as ra* ?rs and flexible as tiding switches?were sarefully wiped with disinfecting lotion ind banded to the oombatants. The seo>nds took up their position behind and to . ihe left of their respective men, and gave ;he word of command in the following tra iniuuai luiui. ? . ? ,v .t . T " Auf die Mensur blndet die Klingen I" [Cross blades for the duel!) V''"-' "Hivl "Gobundon sindl" (Grossed they are!) "Lob!" (Go!) % ;; The swords clash together Id the pre- ' V' V/J limlnary stroke. Then ensues a brief hallitorm of blows so rapid that the eye refuses . ? follow them and retains only a confused impression of flashing steel and flying sparks. The head of each oombatant teems c? [ co be enveloped in a halo of gleaming points. It is impossible to realize .that > saob of these lightning strokes is deliber- V itelyand solentifloally aimed and as de- : Uberately and scientifically parried.?Pall ? Mall Magazine. MAMMA's uc?n uncnuo. wjp BCe Deterred Spinkln* and Got ftStnui* gjjg ger In Trouble. People never get encouragement for doing the good Samaritan act in the interests of the pnblic, as the man deoided who; iffered to assist a distracted woman and ameliorate the sufferings of a lot of people in a suburban oar. The boy who howls was in evidence, the juried darling of his only own mother and tho terror of everybody else, and be had kept the oar in a state of wild exoitemenl ,' and exhausted the patience of everybody, Including bis doting parent. "Ob, It your father were only here!" she had said for the fiftieth time as she. tried vainly to restrain the howling terror. At that he stopped bowling long enough to beat the air with bis small shins, and the woman on the other side of him ire-, marked audibly that a cage waa the proper place for savages like him. . A "Johnny, dear," asked ,his mother, * '"V-SjS "won't you De a gooa ooyrBoara find kicks from Master Johnny. "Oh, I wish " our father were' here to give you a good- trouncing this very' xnin tel" she wailed as she struggled with . V; him. Then it was that the philanthropist of the company asserted himself. He had . & been trying in vain to read his morning 1 ' paper ever since be started from home. 'Allow me, madam," he said blandly, "I am a father myself, and I will be happy to'chastise your oherub In behalf of his absent parent. v "Oh, no, you won't; not if I know it!" . \< said Johnny's mother, rising in hefSvmth like a tigress. "There ain't that man living dare lay a finger on that boy?his own father or any other ugly old catamount ' who thinks be knows It alii" And she Bhut off debate by going into the next car and taking the sweet infant with her.? Chioago Times-Herald. The Origin of Mr. and Mrs. In earlier times the ordinary man was limply William or John?that la to say, ha bad only a Christian name without any kind of "handle" before it or surname after It, says the Philadelphia Record. Some means of distinguishing one John or William from another John or William beoame necessary. Nicknames derived from a man's trade or bis dwelling plaoe or from some personal peculiarity were tacked on to his Christian name, and plain John became John Smith. As yet there were no "misters" in the land. Some John Smith accumulated more wealth than the bnlk of his fellows?became perhaps a landed proprietor or an employer of hired labor. Then he began to be called in the Norman-French of the day the "malstre" of this place or that, of these workmen or of those. In time the "malstre," or "mairter," as It soon beoame, got taoked on befozv his name, and be became Maister Smith and his wife was Maistress Smith. Gradually the sense of possession wai lost sight of, and the title was conferred npon any kind?by mere possession of wealth or holding some position of mora or less consideration and importance. r Nice For Nervous People. A party of Cambridge professors on one occasion undertook, for a scientiflo object, to penetrate into the depths of a Cornish mine. One of the number relates the following Btartling incident of his visit: On his scent iu the ordinary manner, by means of a bucket and with a miner for a follow passenger, he perceived, as he thought, unmistakable symptoms of the frailty of the rope. "How often do you obange your ropes, my good man?" he inquired wben about half way from the bottom of the awful byss. "We change them every three months, 6ir," replied the man in the bucket, "and we shall change this one tomorrow if we get up safe today, sir. "?Pearson's Weekly. The greatest potato eaters are the people of Germany and Belgium. The consumption of this vegetable averages 100 pounds per annum for each person. According to the official reports 01 mo Japanese government the island empire oontalna 62,620 teachers. * Don't forget that now is the time to bar maple syrup. We sell the log oablD. W. D. Burtcsdale.