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& GOOD DOCUMENT. ~ 1 < [CONTINUED FROM PAGE ONE. | free the law from criticism on that score. My experience in the Comptrol- ! ler General's office satisfies me that [ the business can be conducted in such (a way as to prevent stealing or detect 1 and punish it if the dispensers or other ( officers connected with the dispensary ! attempt it. There is no reason why ' such checks and safeguards cannot be devised as will protect the State's in- ] terest as thoroughly as in the collec tion and disbursement of taxes and other public money. The dispensary has become apart'of the fixed policy j of the State, and as long as our present Constitution remains intact it is the duty of the Governor to see that A ? onH ^ laws governing it arr tujuiv-cw, it is the duty of all law abiding citizens to labor for the same end, or at least to submit to the provisions of the law. 1 I believe the dispensary comes nearer to the solution of the liquor problem than any other scheme yet proposed by man. It may be necessary to modify the law, but constant changes are to be deplored. The dispensers should ! be honest men, selected without regard to party affiliations, and when 1 convicted of crime, should be handled like other criminals. The chief dis- 1 penser, the board of control and all ! the higher officials should be men 1 whose honesty cannot be. reasonably ! questioned and who should hold their j places on account of fitness and not 5 for political reasons. An institution ' is known by its fruits, and it is simply * a question whether prohibition or the 1 Hionaneoi-v mrntpm will do mOSt to di ? j ~j minish drunkenness and its accom- ; panying ills. Upon moral grounds and only upon moral grounds the dispensary must stand or fail. The profit . feature is of secondary consideration. EDUCATION?THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. That it is the duty of the State to provide for the education of her children is now almost universally conceded. He belongs to the past, and not to the present, who hopes to cneck the growing demand for popular education. The enemies of the public school will find the entire drift of ! modern civilization against them. All 1 the leading nations of the earth have ' founded and are still endeavoring to 1 perfect systems of popular education. ] Witness Germany with 19 per cent. and France and England each with 1 16} per cent of their population in the schools. To be relegated to the rear is the fate of every State that fails to provide for the training of her children. Witness Spain, once the leading Power of Europe, with only 10 per cent; Italy, once the home of art and science and culture, with9 per cent; Turkey, at once the shame and disgrace of Europe, with 2? per cent; Mexico, with 4i, and Brazil, with only 3 per cent of her population at school. The whole history of modern civili' zation teaches that in the struggle for supremacy the sceptre of dominion passes not to the State most richly blessed by nature, but to the State that best succeeds in training its citizens for all the duties of life, both public and private, in peace and in ' war. In comparison with cold and 1 ble-k, New England the South is a ] A ?TAf kn /tanfooc. J iwawioo, HUU JfOli lb 11' UOb wv VW?**www , ed bj all fair minded men that long before the desolating cyclone of war ! had swept over our fair fields power and dominion were already rapidly ] passing to the North. We were al- * ready approaching a condition of in- J tellectuai bondage in the South. It ' has been estimated by eminent authority this section paid annually to the J . North, for many years before the war, ! not less than five million dollars for j books and education. When New 1 England established her free public ! schools and strengthened her system ] of popular instruction she armed her- } eli with the power to wrest suprema ey from the South, which was content with private and parochial schools, and ( to make good her claim to leadership ] far more effectual lv than she subse-1] quently secured in the surrender of Lee at Appomattox. Thin is aaid in no harsh criticism of the generation of men now rapidly | passsing from the stage, whose cour- k age and fortitude were tested in a hundred hard fought fields, whose "energy made bricks without straw, and spread splendor amid the ruins of their war wasted homes," but for the purpose of emphasizing a truth which cannot be too deeply impressed upon the minds of the men into whose hands is committed the solemn responsibility of moulding the destiny of tbe State and of making her future not unworthy of her proud, inspiring 1 past Tosee our own shortcomings ! and to rise with firm will to correct past mistakes is the part of wisdom. 1 Vain conceit in a State is no more to j be admired than in an individual. : ? Our schools are not what they ought 1 to be. In the opportunities they offer : I youth for education the Northern ^ Western States haye left us far 1 id, and this for reasons beyond ; ontrol. The war left us con ed by the most serious education- I Dblem ever thrust upon a free e?the problem, it has been well 1 >f educating three times the num- 1 >f children with one-third the ! >y. The war not only robbed us )re than 50 per cent of our taxa- ' roperty, but it added, at a single ! e, to our school population huni of thousands of illiterate ex- 1 s. In spite of desperate odds we been moving forward, but the ) is not yet won. South Carolina ot yet regained her once proud 1 ion in this great Republic. She lever regain it until her people I above all partisan hatred, unite e heroic effort to make our sys- 1 >f public instruction inferior to s thus, and thus only, that we triumph in the end. We should < op our mines, build factories and 3ve the fertility of our soil, but ighest, our most sacred duty, i and evermore, must be to itn- < i the quality of our citizenship, : velop the minds and hearts of the I generation, for upon their inence, virtue and patriotism the ly of our State depends. ( a monarchy in an aristocracy, a : peat and good men may govern < tate wisely and well, but, in a i rnment of the people, for the ' ie and by the people, illiteracy is i me and a disgrace, and a conmenace to the safety of the State. x>d citizens should unite in the ef- i o improve our public schools, to : hen the school term especially in juntry, to encourage the founda < )i public libraries, to inaugurat- ! tem of university extension that < carry science and culture to earinds grasping after better things, to increase the number and efficiency ?f thefarmers1 institutes now conducted by the authorities of Clemson College. In this great work of educating the masses I pledge my unwavering support and sympathy. To our higher institutions of learning the public schools must look for efficient, well trained teachers. Destroy or cripple our colleges and you destroy or cripple all hope of better public schools. As a stream cannot rise higher than the fountain head, so will teaching in the public schools remain low and unsatisfactory until those who are to engage in this work seek the better to equip themselves in the higher seminaries of learning. " - * - * " __1 1 Nor is this all. xne primary scnoui, it is said, has a right to live because it Qts people for the duties of citizenship. But for what duties? To read, to write, to cipher? Does this fit for the duties of citizenship? For the lowest, perhaps, but what of the highest? Do oot the highest duties require the amplest scholarship, the highest and noblest training that can be given? Can the free school fit for the highest duties of statesmanship? Assuredly not. For the solution of great and aftentimes perplexing problems, involving peace and prosperity of all the people, the State stands in constant need of men of the highest scholarship, of theprofoundest knoweledge >f law men whose mental grasp is large enough to sweep the whole horizon, men able to rise above local or jven State interests, and to act for the jommon good of the people of all the States. It is the chief pride and glory of jur State to claim for her sons men svhose names 8>re forever inscribed in ;he history of this nation. Such were_ Legare and Sims and rimrod and Hayne ana i'resion ana SlcDuffiie, and the great Calhoun. From her hills and valleys may there still go forth men who shall not only aless their State and nation, but humanity itself. Again does the common school train men for the professions of law or medicine? Does it ;quip for scientific pursuits? Does it >end out expert chemists and geologists and engineers and scientific agrijulturists? It can never train men for the manifold pursuits and professions open to the ambitious youth of the State. For these we must furnish needed training in seminaries )f learning, or look to other States to io for us what we should do ourselves jnd spend money abroad for what the State could supply. Against such a fate State pride and patriotism alike rebel. Such a disaster would ian witn crushing weight upon the sons and daughters of the poor, who would be unable to meet the expenses of an education at the North. But we are told that higher education in South Carolina costs too much. Does it not cost [ess than anywhere else in the world? Harvard, with her three thousand students, has an annual income of more than a million?a cost of $400 per student, and this, too, witn no account taken of the millions already invested in buildings and books and scientific equipment. And yet who will say that the vast sums invested in this great university fail to bring in adequate returns? Does Virginia complain of the $100,000 annually spent for the five hundred young men at tier University? Have not Michigan md Wisconsin and Minnesota and Nebraska and California been amply repaid for the millions in recent years ievoted to higher education? A tax -?f fclftft nnn fr>r higher education in South Carolina means but little more than 50 cents for every thousand dollars of taxable property. Such a tar, 3ven were there no adequate returns, is no burden to anyone. But it does aring adequate returns in manhood und womanhood. It does. I believe in the long run, pay for the investment in actual dollars and cehts. rhere can be, there must be, no conflict between the Church and the State colleges. There should be generous rivalry,but open or covert antagonism is disastrous to the interests of both. Colleges founded by the churches ?nH hv nrivfltfi haneficence have D0r formed and are still performing a ^reat and patriotic service, but no State should surrender to private philanthropy or denominational zeal its sacred, inalienable right and soljmn duty of placing within reach of ill her children the bread of knowljdge. Zeal in educational work is jontagious. The Church school flourishes best in those States where public spirit rallies to the support of the State jolleges, or to speak more philosophically, wherever the Church is healthiest there are public institutions for the good of man find their warmest mpport. Genuine Christianity enkindles intellectual life, arouses man from lethargy and creates within him publio spirit and patriotism and an unfailing interest in the welfare of others. In Mexico, in Brazil, in Spain, wherever, in short, Christianity has become stagnant, tnere all puDJic enterprises languish. Destroy or cripple our denominational colleges and you take frim our civilization its strong, uplifting force, but destroy or criDple our State institutions and you tane the road which has carried Spain, once the leading Power, and naturally, the richest country of Europe, to the rear in the triumphal march of civilization. There should, of course, be no waste in our educational resources. CONCLUSION. Fellow Citizens: The political campaign of 189G is over. \ou have honored me as few men in South Carolina have ever been honored, and far more richly than I deserve. 5Tou gave me ?I say it in no spirit of vain glory or of boasting, but in profound appreciation of the honor bestowed?you gave me in the Democratic primary the largest majority ever given a candidate for governor. Both factions of the Democratic party, as the vote cast indicates, gave me warm and enthusiastic support, such as necessarily could not have been given to any factional candidate. My constant anxiety shall be not to prove uuworthy of your confidence. I am your Governor?the Governor of the whole people. Our interests are mutual. It will be base and treacherous and ungrateful on my part, and unwise and unpatriotic on your part, longer to fan the fires of partisan hatred. On questions of public policy we cannot all agree, but when issues are settled at the ballot box we can and ought to submit to the will of the majority honestly expressed. I beseech you to resolve, on this occasion, to bury all factional feelings and to join hands and hearts in your efforts to develop the resources cf our beloved State, to build up her institutions, to promote her every interest. In assuming my official duties I pledge you my best services. With all my strength of head and heart I shall labor for the common weal, and, in my i official capacity,shall treat both friend and foe with equal consideration. I rid myself of all sectional and partisan feelings and hail you all as Carolinians. Hove mv native State. I love her people. I am proud of her grand and inspiring history, of the names of her illustrious sons, of the , thousands of her honored dead who i sleep upon every great battlefield of their country. I rejoice in the hope our future inspires, in the patriotism of our young manhood and in the self-sacrificing devotion of our young womonhood. The inaugural address was greeted with loud applause, especially as Governor Ellerbe emphasized the declaration that he knew no party and no faction. THE LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR. At the conclusion of Governor Ellerbe's address Speaker Gary announced that Lieutenant-elect McSweeney was present and ready to be sworn into office, and the oath was duly ad? ?.1 i._ us? i? T, niimsiertu iu uilq uy uuici u uavi^o Mclver. Lieutenant Governor McSweeney deviated from the custom and delivered a most happy speech, in which he said: It is not my intention on this occasion to make you any address, but I want to take this occasion and opportunity to most sincerely thank you and the good people of the State, of which I am so proud, for the confidence expressed in me. i What brief remarks I will have to make will be delivered in the Senate. I only want to say that it will be my pleasure and duty to work with the Governor in the promises he has made you, which I know he will carry out, so that when his Administration is closed he will receive the deserved plaudits. I pledge myself to second your Governor in his every effort, to do the best that can be done for the people of the State in givin? them a wise and just Administration, and I trust when his term of office comes to a close the people will say, "Thou hast been a good and faithful servant:" * ' ? i i .11 Tins nappy little speecn was mnuiy received. Thus ended the inaugural ceremoi nies, and the procession returned. Governor Ellerbe going out on the arm of former Governor Evans. Bloodthirsty Brutes. , Cincinnati, Jan. 21.?A special to the Commercial-Tribune from Tampa, i Fla., says. Emanuel Silvero, a wounded Cuban, arrived here to-night from Key West, having escaped from i Cuba on a fishing vessel. He comes from the field near Artemifa. He confirms the story of January 9th, when a Spanish band came upon a Cuban hospital near San Cristobal, containing 500 wounded insurgents, and put to death all of them, even the attending physicians. Col. San Martin's troops are raiding all that section, very seldom going into the hills near Rivera's camps. One of his bands was ambuscaded two weeks ago and out of forty five men in it only three escaped. They are bloodthirsty o?./1 oiu ttti Vi mnm mnrHprc auu QLU VlbUlbVU II A MA U4V&V wwamwau of women and pacificos than any other band' They 'aided a small town twenty miles from Palacios, New Year's Day, and abducted all the women in the place, some fifty in |number. Only ten of them nave ever been heard from and they were recaptured by a Cuban band, January, 10. ! Terrible Slaughter. Thomson, Ga., January 19.?Mr. Churchill, of Warren county, formerly of Missouri, arrived in Thomson yesterday evening with a car load of stock from his stock farm in the west. He started for his home at Woods, Ga., with his stock last night and just as he got out of town the road he was traveling, running paral lei wun ine u^orgia ranruuu iruc*, and started up it, about this time a down freight train was approaching and ran into the stock in a cut, killing, fourteen mules and horses, all but six that he brought. They were lying on either Bide of the track for about one hundred yards. The stock were appraised at eleven hundred dollars today. TKvaa a* a. flhnf. Bellaire, O., Jan. 16.?A triple murder occurred late last night at Flat Rock, W. Va., a few miles South of here. Jesse Russell, Elmer Moore and John Greer went to the honse of Lem Grim, where a dance was in progress, and attempted to interrupt the festivities. Grim ordered them away and a fight ensued. Going into the house, Grim secured a shotgun ^ -LA/J UA ?VtAVt T) 11 pfinl 1 TT7QCJ ttliU iircu at bllD UXVU, n?o shot ia the breast and the other two men in the back as they started to run away. All three died in a short time. Grim gave himself up. A Convenient Invention. An Orangeburg farmer comes to the front with a new invention in the shape of a Lubricator for oiling vehicle wheels without taking them off the axle. It is inserted in the hub between two of the spokes. When you want to grease your wheel all you have to do is to withdraw a plunger, which operates with a spring, and put as much oil as is needed on the axle. Upon beins; released the spring closes up the oil hole until it is opened for oiling up again. It is a very ingenious and clever device, and is bound to be used generally. With these lubricators a vehicle can be oiled up anywhere along the road in less than one 1 minute. The patent for this valuable ' invention is owned by the National Lubricator Company of Orangeburg, S. C. Mr. Jas. L. Sims, Editor and i Proprietor of the Orangeburg Times and'Democrat, is the manager of the company, which is a guarantee that it is all right. The company wants an agent in this county to sell the Lubricators. See advertisement in another column. Planoa by the Mile. See Ludden and Bates' new advertisment of one thousand Mathushek pianos. Suppose them all loaded on to wagons in one grand procession, allow 15 feet for each wagon ana team and the line would be nearly three miles long. That is just the wholesale way this great southern house does business. Having acquired an interest in the noted Mathushek Piano factory, they are now supplying purchasers direct and saving all intermediate profits. This means a saving of from $50 to $100 on each piano, and the securing of one of the oldest and most reliable instruments at a remarkably low figure. Better write them at Savannah, Ga., or at 93 Fifth , (Ave., New York City. PLANTERS, ATTENTION! Valuable Information for All Classes ol South Carolina Farmers and Stock Raisers. Knowing that the time has now com* for you to purchase your fertilizers, we put ourselves to the expense of paying for the publishing of the follow ing information for your use. W( have done this for years past, and no* there are hundreds of planters all ovei the State that can testify, not only how much money we have saved then but as to the good crop results thej have gotten. We do not sell acic phosphate or kainit, but we do sel] Cotton Seed Meal and Hulls. As w< pay the expense of this advertisement all we ask of you in return is to asil your dealer for the Southern Cottor Oil Co's. Meal, for either feed or ferti lizer, and for our hulls for cattle feed, HOW TO FERTILIZE. This is what many of our persona! friends have tried, and is the language and advice of the Agricultural Depart ment of Georgia: 1st. Beyond v. certain amount it die not pay to manure?that is, while th< crop might be increased in gross, aftei a certain outlay had been made iz manures, further increase diminished the relative profits. 2nd. That this holds good, as well, for nitrogenous manures, phosphatej and nntAuh?nn matter in what forir administered. I 3d. That all things considered, the cheapest and most profitable fertilize] the farmer could use, by actual test consists of the following formula: Acid phosphate . 1,250 lbs Cotton seed meal ...... 500 lbs Kainit. 250 lbs 4th. That the point of greatest profi' is passed after applying more than 40( pounds per acre. This formula woulc analyze. Available phosphates..9.00 to 9.50 pei cent. Ammonia............. 2.25 to 2.50 pei cent. Potash 1.25 to 1.50 pe: cent. We cannol calculate the actual cosi of this fertili iar, for prices vary frorr time to time and the rate of fraigh varies, but suppose CDtton seed mea costs you $23.00 per ton, acid phos phate $12.00 per ton and kainit $14.0( per ton, all freight paid to your sta tion, we have: 500 lbs. cotton seed meal at $23.00 per ton........$5.71 1250 lbs. acid phosphate at $12.00 per ton 7.5! 200 lbs. kanit at $14.00 per ton. 1.71 2000 lbs. one ton; total cost.....fio.ui Thus you see that you could put 40i pounds per acre at a cost of $3 00 pe: acre, or 200 pounds per acre at a cos of $1.50 per acre. Now the planter has gotten this jeai an average price of 15 cents per bushe for cotton seed. He usually puts 2( bushels of seed per acre, which at II cents per bushel makes a cost to hiu of $3.00 per acre to fertilize. In addi tion to this, he buys acid and kainit t< put with the seed. It is for you to sa] whether you would rather have 2( bushels of cotton seed per acre or 401 pounds of the above fertilizer whicl every 20 bushels of seed you have soli this year will enable you to buy. FATTENING CATTLE. On this subject we do with you as ir our article on fertilizers, namely?pub lish the advice of distinguished parties people supported by the planters of th< various States for the purpose of find ing out what is to your interest. W< can tell you, that only five years age every pound of hulls were burned b] the oil mills in this State as we did not then appreciate their value ai food. Now over 20,000 tons of hulli are sold in this State alone for feed. "For fattening cattle for the bee! market put from four to five pound of meal with twenty pounds of hulls Below we quote the advice of State authorities. Sir John Lawes says (see State Nev Jersey Agricultural Report, 1885): "Surprise is often expressed at th< much higher prices which English farmers pay for linseed and cotton cake or meal ais compared with corn, but the reason is to be found ir the much higher manure value of th< meal. 1 have often wonaerea at xjn high prices which the United State; farmer appears willing to pay for niiro gen in artifical manures, when h< might obtain thes manures at a much lower cost by simply feeding cottor seed cake or meal. The nitrogen con tained in these goods, with the excep tion of the small amount retained by the animal, passes into the excrement* in the fo/ra of organic compounds oi nitrogen. These compounds nitrify in the soil with very different degree; of rapiditv. A certain portion oi those found in the urine nitrify verj readily while some of those in thf solid excrements may remain for sev eral years in the soil. Experience has; shown that when these foods art used upon a poor soil for the first time their effect is not at first what it be comes later on when they have beer i in use for a few years. This is due tc the slow decay of some of the com pounds. A crop grown by the eighth application of meal may in part be grown by small portions of the mea used in each of the previous seven ap plications. The ultimate decay of or ganic substances in the soil must de | oend therefore, upon a great variety of circumstances, and our own experi I ments at Rothmasted supply numer ous instances of the very long period which may elapse before some man I ures cease to produce an effect upor the crop to wh:ich they have been ap plied." FATTENING THE STOCK. How It Increases the Income of Loulslam Farmers. The following address was delivered by Prof. D. N. Barron, before the Louisiana Statu Agricultural societj at Lafayette, La., Jan. 23, 1896: Mr. President, Ladies and Gentle men?The subjact of "The Fattening of Ste>ck as an Adjunct to the Income of Louisiana Farmers'- is one in which I take great interest. II, has grown tc b9 quite the custom for oil mills and wealthy individuals to purchase each fall a number of cattle and fatten then for the market But this is only done by wealthy parties, and the idea seems somewhat to prevail that it is onlj profitable when done on a large scale My observations are, that not only i? this supposition erroneous, but, on the Contrary, the oil mill or individual who fattens on a large scale is able tc reap a much smaller profit than he who feeds a fe:w head on his farm The reason for this fact, I trust, wil. be apparent before [have finished thi: paper. Last August it was my privi lege to read a paper before the North i Louisiana Agricultural association, at r its annual campmeeting fair, cn "The Possibilities of Louisiana as a Stock Raiser," and although fairly familiar with her resources, I was astonished at the overwhelming evidence of the ca> pabilities of our beloved State to produce food for its stock. If we can milv convince ourselves of the fact ' that there is not a square foot of soil 9 in this State that is not able to contri[ bute largely to the feediDg of stock, [ the day will not be far distant when the immense stock-raising of the west ' will be things of the past and Louisiana, instead of Texas?New Orleans instead of Chicago?will be the great1 est raiders and packers of meat in the 5 world. But my mission here today is not to convince you that our lancl is 1 adapted to the raisin? of stock, but to 1 show how the fattening of cattle can ' be made to contribute to the farmer's income. . Looking around at our brethren in 1 other sections we find that the custom 5 of fattening a few head of cattle each ' fall i;3 no new thing, either to our cousins of the west ana New England, 1 or the agriculturists of Europe. The i English farmer strives to raise all the r rough feed he can, In the fall he 1 buys a lot of American cattle, buys 1 our oil cake and, taking<all home, settles down to put flesh on American i cattle with American cake and En3 glish roughness. When his sale is 1 made, after footing accounts, he frequently finds that the additional flesh > has only paid him the cost of his catr tie and their feed, yet he is well satis^^ A /?/>v?pi/^nra fV?of Ko VlQQ TVIQHA ' UCU, 1U1 ucuuuaxuoio bUHH AJW uuw ample profit in the increased size and value of his manure heap. I know no better way of illustrating the profits to be derived from fattent ing cattle than to call your attention ] to the results obtained in the State ex' periment station at Baton Rouge during the last two years. In order to r test this very question the station has for the last two years fed small herds r of cattle on a ration of cotton seed meal, cotton seed hulls and centrifur gal molasses. The animals selected for the test were chosen for their unt fitness for fattening. They were scrubs 1 whose day of usefulness as work oxen t had long since departed, it being arI gued that if anything could be done ' with thiB class of animals, then there ) wa3 no doubt of a profit to the man who would select his animals. Without going into details, here is the financial statement. K for iay4. 5 To purchase of six animals 5 (4,642 pounds) at 1J cents $81 23 , To 11,821.5 pounds food, 2 at 43 cents percwt..... 53 05 J Total cost of animals at time of sale.... $134 28 By 3ale of six animals T (5,685 pounds) at 4 cts. $167 55 \ Profits 32 27 . Or 21 per cent, on the money invested in six week. These results were 1 obtained with meal at $20, and hulls at $5 per ton, and molasses at 12 cents 5 a gallon. ^ The next year's results were even !. more favorable: To purchase of five ani| ma,Is (3,320 pounds) at 1 H cents.$58 10 Co3t of feeding same for six weeks 28 72 x . Tola! cos t of animals at ? ? - ao/> on , fou 04 j By sale of 4,402 pounds of beef at 3.15 cents... $138 75 3 Profits $51 93 > Or 50 per cent. The excess in this inj stance is due to several causes. First t of these is that the meal used cost only s $14.00 a ton, and the animals sold for 3 .15 of a cent higher. The second reason is that the animals were of a f somewhat better class than those in 3 the first lot, and laid on flesh more . rapidly, making an average gain of i 216 pounds each, against 157. This is the point at which the mill r a.nd speculators are obliged to stop counting their profits, but a farmer : who knows his business has a further i source of revenue unaccounted for in t the above figures. In the year book , for 1881, published by the United i States department of agriculture, it is i estimat ed that the manure of a welli fed ox of 1,000 pounds is worth $29.27 3 per year. The animals in the above - experiment would average about 800 5 pounds, hence their manure for the i six weeks was worth the first year $17, t and the second year $14. This would . give a profit to the farmer of $50 27 in . the first and $05 in the second experir ment. 3 The figures given above are the ref suits of actual trials. The food and ' cattle were bought at market prices, i and the cattle were sold for what they f would bring. They never were choice r animals, but to show what improve>! ment they made, it is sufficient to . I [ifnln fViof in coiraml inctoriPPS th(>V ow?io uunu iu uv iviui auwvmuww ^ > were repurchased at the ad vanced price i by the parties who sold them to us. ) But it is to the latter part of our esti mate that we should direct our greatl est attention, for it is the value of the > manure that should constitute the rai son d'etre to the farmer; and by the l proper utilization of which he can i practi?9 more true economy than in I any other way. With virgin soil of almost inexhaustible fertility we con tinued to raise our crop3 for years - without returning anything to the ' soil. We have been like the poor man, w.'ao, suddenly acquiring a for tune, scatters his monev broadcast, I forgetful that, though large, he is spending his capital. Like him, wa t have suddenly awakened to a realiza tion of this fact when our capital is almost gone. This is proven by the steady increase in the sales of commercial fertilizers. But attempting to ? replenish our capital in this way is like attempting to fill a barrel through the bung while the spigot is open, i We must first stop this waste. Where > is it? Every ton of hay we sell from r our farms contains thirty eight pounds of fertilizer that it will cost us$l to $5 to replace. ; Every ton of corn 38 pounds, worth ) $6.50. Ereryton of oats 13 pounds, l worth $7.50. A 500-pouad bale of ) cotton in the lint 51 pounds, worth I $34, and 1,000 pounds of seed 53 l pounds, worth $5.50. How ara we to i Stop thi.3 waste? The Almighty has j given us a machinery, by the usa of i which this can be done and yet a profit p mide on the machine ilsalf. Live . stock of the farm are so constituted i that they are able to convert roughness ) into a fine manure. A substance L which is not only as good a fertilizer ? after passing through an animal, con3 taining all the elementsof plant food it . originally contained, but is actually I improved by this process, for its con- | i stituents ara therebv rendered much j -I more easily available to plants. The elements utilized by the animals are I lo-HfrnliT ttHratiiq and fat and not phosphoric acid and potash, for which we pay in commercial fertilizers. The animal also uses nitrogen. But for 1 every article so extracted from the J food, a corresponding amount is released from the body. Hence whether we sell our farm products or, after feeding them to our animals, fail to take proper care of their manures, our farms are just that much poorer. But some one asks, how shall we 1 care for the manure? In order to better answer this question, let us first inquire what manure is, and how it is formed. The, object of adding manure of any kind to a soil is either to supply a natural deficiency of that soil in the elements of plant food, to return what we have taken from it, or to increase , its fertility. A manure must, therefore, contain these elements of plant food. While the substances necessary to supply plant food are numerous, fortunately for us, they nearly all exist in nature in such abundance that they are practically inexhaustible from any soil. Nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash, however, form notable exceptions to this rule; hence the nkia/if in moriiii'inff IS fn Hlinillv VUlti VI/JUVW 1U UftMUMAAkJIg * ? J~ r w these, and no substanco is of any val ue as a manure unless it contains some or all of these elements. When animals take food into their stomachs they extract therefrom, more or less completely, nitrogen, carbohydrates and fat?the latter two of no use as plant food. The medium by which these substances are held in the plant and the undigested portions of the plant, then pass on and are voided from the body. The nitrogen is taken into the animal in the form of albuminoids In a mature animal, at rest, the only use of food is to get material to supply heat?supplied by fat and carbohydrates?and to replace the tissue worn out in performing the vital f u notions. This last is supplied by albuminoids. But, as stated above, for every part of albuminoids so used, a corresponding amount already contained in the body is split up into its constituents of nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, etc., and escapes from the animal in the liquid excrements. It is thus seen that while the solid excrements are the refuse from the food, the liquid contains the worn-out portion of the body, and the two together, in the case of the mature animal, contain ail the elements of the plant food contained in the original plant. It has been found by repeated trials that the amount of albuminoids taken up by the body is dependent largely upon the supply in the food. Feed an animal on a highly nitrogenous fodder and the resultant manure will be rich in that substance. Hence tne vaiue 01 manure depends largely upon the food of the animal. In chemical composition, for manure, the plant has been practically unchanged in its passage through tiie animal. But while in the form of food it would have required many months for its constituents to become available to plants in the form of manure, its constituents have been converted into an easily soluble, rapidly fermentable medium of plant food. C. FlTZ3iM0NS, Manager Southern Cotton Oil Co., Columbia, S. C. Ovation to Bryan. Houston, Texas, Jan. 20.?Hon. William J. Bryan addressed an audience of 5,000 people in this city tonight His remarks were largely confined to a discussion of the financial question, along the lines pursued duriag the late campaign. Every period was greeted with enthusiastic applause, the cheering at times being in the nature of an ovation. It Is Said TO,?4- n4 oil rliaAClHAS that &ffect mankind, diseases of the kidneys are the most dangerous and fataL If this be so, how important it is that the kidneys be kept in a healthy condition . The use of Hilton's Life for the Liver and Kidneys will do this. It is the "ounce of prevention" in these 'roubles. The trustworthy cure for the Whiskey, Opium, Morphine and Tobacco Habits. For further Information address The Keeloy Inatituio, or Drawer 27. Columbia, S. C. WE WANT A PARTNER INI EVERY TOWN. Postmastors, Kaiiroad Agents, Genera Store Keepers, Clerks, Mintolprs, 01 any other person, lady or gentleman, who can devote a little or all of their time to onr busl ess. We do not want any money In advance, and pay large commissions to those who work for us. w * have the beat Family Medicines on eartu, a d can Droince lots of testimonials from <j -r hoiue people. Send for blauk application and cucu'ar. Address BRAZILIAN M2D1U1NK CO., i y, Augusta, tia 1 HERE. IS:YOUR LIVER ALL RIG3T.7I1 ?B Lre your Kidneys In a healthy condition ? If so, Hilton's Life fer the Liver and Kidneys will keep them so. If not, Hilton's Life for the L'ver and Kidneys will make wDB| them so. A 25c bottle will convince sHSHBI you of this agam raken regularly after meals It Is an aid to digestion, cures habitual constipation, H and thus refreshes and clears both body and mind. gSHHH SOLD WHOLESAIE BY Fn<s Murray Drug Co, |H COLUMBIA, 8. C. SB AND V Dr. H. BAER, Charlerton, S. 0. 1 ENGLEBERG M rice . m huller. j The only machine that In one a operation 8 will 1 A ' , CLEAN, BULL AND POLISH .V>-> . . t;< rough rice, putting It In merchantable condition, ready for table use. SIMPLE AND EASY to manage. Write for prices and terms. ALSO ' Corn Mills, Saw Mills, Planing Machines, 1 and all klnda of Wood-working \ Machinery. Talbott and Llddell Engines and Boilers on hand at factory prices. V. O. Badham, ' i General Agent, COLUMBIA, S. C. __ Advice to Mothers. ; ',*gg We take pleasure la calling your atten tlon to a remedy so long needed in carry* lng children safely through the critical itage of teething. It is an Incalculable s_ < blessing to mother and child. If yon are disturbed at night with a sick, fretful, teething child, use Pitta* Carminative, It will give instant relief, and regulate the bowels, and make teething safe and euy.. It will cure Dysentery and Diarrhoea,. Pitta Carminative is an instant relief for colic of infanta. It will promote digestion,, give tone and energy to the stomach and' bowels. The sick, puny, suffering child' will soon become the fat and frolioking Joy of the household, it is very pleasant to the taste and only cost 25 centa per bottle* Soli by druggists and by THE MURRAY DBUG CO, * ' ' Columbia, 8. 0. "MATHUSHEK'-The Piano for a Lifetime. 1000 PIANOS LUDDEN & BATES, interested in' this Factory, now offer this great stock at $50 to S100 less thnn former prices. No strictly High Grade Piano erer sold so low. ONE PROFIT from Factory to Consumer.1 Greater Inducements than ever In slightly used Pianos and Organs?many as good as new?sold under guarantee. Latest Styles. Elegant Cases. Also New STEINWAY Pianos, Mason & Hamlin Organs. Write for Factory Prices and Bargain Lists. LUDDEN & BATES, SAVANNAH, 6A. All Sheet Music One-Half Price. ENGINES. BOILERS, SAW MILLS, GRIST MILLS, AT FACTORY PRICES. E W. SCREVEN, COLUMBIA, S. C. ? AttJfiNTS AVANTJfil) | In each county in South Carolina $ v to introduce a LUBRICATOR for ?g Soiling vehicle wheels without re-? $ moving the wheel from the axle. It ? Jjf ia a reccnt South Carolina inven- ^ 8? tion, and will sell rapidly, as it is $ $ a very convenient device. Excluvj sive territory given to the right $ man. For particulars address, iS | NATIONAL LUBRICATOR COMPANY, 1 Lock Box No. 43, M | ORANGEBURO, S. C. g ?