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jk? ?~ ?l, ??? ?< gh wilson: Abbeville, s. c., Wednesday, January i, 1890. established i 8|ij| britain's grab. , ? ' thi J I M" Vhich Raised the Vene- ad.i tJui zuela Question. im< ivil imawf j iujj HHw-VRV MSITTE REVIEWED. ' HS91Be^V pui khHHV HRHngV Wo Arc Interesli".l In tin- Encroach- jj ?^fl^H^^Kents of England <>a the Territory of h tor SHHHBy^Vtoiith Americftn Kcpubllc- The Monroe ent WBfflW Doctrine anil Its Preitent Application. Since tho Venezuela question has devel- cht oped into nil international crisis between t'rl SbV this country ami Great Hritain it is interestinf; to take a hasty jalancu at the cause ^ra of all the trouhlo and hrielly review the conditions which have led up to it. Wf It is not a very largo tract of country J V that England wants, hut it is very vain- j'> W uble. There are mines then?goldmines J ?and the glitter of the previous metal has , ^ often aroused the cupidity of John Hull. ' |j The question is one of principle, how- ^ ever, with the government and not < f * value. We are not particularly interested _ in the welfare of the Spanish American j ^ republic in her disputes with adjacent 11a I.. |...? lotiinw s!\' HVU Illlliuufi Iir in HDL iK'^uvoi. ^ but wo are interested in upholding tho ^ doctrine of President James Monroe, who ^ j declared that any attempt on tho part of j the European powers " to extend their system to any portion of this hemisphere" .jj would be regarded by the United States "as dangerous to our peace and safety" and would be opposed accordingly. Great liritain lias for years liatl a foothold in South America, gained when siio 1 ^ jf'i /I / ^ V[/ 4^$^ - ^fy ,? ~\ .. -yjr'. ?#%? -V MAP ^llDWlN-i; THE I>I<1* compelled the Dutch to cede her a portion reci of Guiana. This colony is known as 1 Jrit- Gre ish Guiana. It adjoins Venezuela on tin- by south. Tho boundary lino of this province urb has long been in dispute. The Hriii>!i tha have occupied tho disputed territory, ami tor; British miners and colonizers have seized by on tho fertile fields and gold mines there, fuel Failing to get any satisfaction from J England after various requests to vacate the tho territory, Venezuela appealed to the one United States, for several years our only tivc ?' ? *-1.1 . Jn tl*i? fnPin f?f lu till* ... in.* ....... ... mild suggestions to England. These sag- p<-n gestions hud little effect. j (Jui A little stronger stand was taken In our ouv noxt communication on the subject. Eng- Tin fc land was asked to submit the question of Enj tho boundary dispute to arbitration. Lord oft Salisbury's recent answer to this was that cob Great Britain had nothing to arbitrate. wit President Cleveland's message to con- tin] gress, which has caused all the war talk, i 1proposes tbat a commission be appointed ma to settle t be question. Then, if England dee is found to bo encroaching on Venezuelan jmr territory, she will either have to give up Ess and get out or llfibt, provided I'nelo Sam val does not back down, and there is not much not danger of bis doing that. rrt The whole question, according to tho Cai American view of it, is one of boundary jM-t lines, and to settle it the commission will to < have,to turn back several pages of history otb arch many musty records. the IAmhHR i r i it 1 Controversy. I'm ^HB^Hns wholly upon the by our government VaHB^^Bontrovcrsv en- ^"v MnBHHiittrd to impartial arHS^HHflj^Blinti which the presi- 111 KBgjj^MHj^ftnial message of Secre- ft^" r-li tn Knil):isSJi(l<ir J'1'1 IKnHviit formality that our t'1" HMfi^^n arbitration as to tho UIU Hn^Btory. and in tint most HgHflpCngland's assumption rj S^vthe territory already be- poi gjHP therefore cannot bo put wa arbitration, is utterly re- hui H it 1 H&agc of tho message, "the ]>j 9 arbitration should include H^roversy and is not satisfied (;r< vers concerned is permitted pul Wbt'rary line through the ter- Si] pate and to declare that it will (.,-t [rfclt ration only the portion ly- \ ht<lo of it." I.dl itrary line" referred to in thu i>ti message is the famous Schom- jm i z *v.. I. ..< ? |>J( , MJ^MMM^M57TjgpTTTliII))j ill 111* 11II111IIJ 111 1111' |,|| KUnHHlvor and pursuing irregular ],, HDH^BQE^^^^^Uuvard to t. - Hra/iliau front icr. that Lord t lit R^5HRb9|^S|w^H^u) extreme possible bound- ,,n HnERflflj^H^^^RBH^^^ielan republic, ho MnBRH^n^^L>ubn)it to QBKHKHjWglBfl^tof HH6QMBHHM^ic(intr<)i |sH^HHHffi8n?^Bffl^^hurgk. uii... rnHHSNMH^^nd KMNlMB&MMHH0MtSMSCIrawK?^K i vo amlraMc, final ami honorable .-cttl it <>i the Wn have follow s course on i lis- ;is>iii)i]it ion thai the i \\ i-. mm <;f historical frtri, ?-r:ti >(* it iptalild for ;iilinil! iu:: ii|' a.-iii! . it !<ui, al ti tint territorial claims of each par I a fixed limit, the rijrhi to ?vhi: li wotil hout ilifiienlty, lie (Icteruiim.il aeeor : to ' lie cvitlcmv. 'The claim now stilted to hiive hc( ; forth l?y tin- ;n:ili:?ri!y of iJrltii iana ^ivc- rise 1.1 ?ra\v ili litutic :i|ul c'eatesan apprehension tii territorial rlaini doe.., lint fallow lii ical t radii huts or evidence, Ian isappa !v nnddino!. if. iiidcc' il should appear ha; the hi fixed lW.it in tlic llritish 1 >u 11 ila: iin. our piod dispositi>>ti t<> aid in a si iir it inijilit not only Jm defeated, In nidified to nivo plai'n to a feeling 1 ,ve concern." Our first proposition. \? i-arJy jis Inks. then i'oiv. tin' I'niti ,les jovprnnirnt took firm {.'round < straight forward proposition that tl olc lcfiitimaic is.-tm between Vene/am 1 Groat Jiriiain was "one of historic r,"' capable of determination only I it rat ion nccordin.it to tint evideno is view found positive repetition in tl it Venezuelan resolution of Tin- la i^ress, passed unanimously, which d rid that the controversy "turns cxdi i'I.v upon simple ami readily asoriaii e historical facts." 'onsi'intently Secretary Olnoy's dispaN nst July is, above all other consider; is, an emphatic rcatlirmation of a tho fhly established policy of state. It i a decided extension of that policy, i t it in terms invokes the Monroe do 10 as applicable to the matter. Ti ire practical situation may be sni/'mi briellv as follows: bir government completely refuses 1 fe%cP ^ >. STN* ^%>hhT3' \zfi\ >>?> ^^Z-'-y\^L J\^o<APti >t\ ^ h^^lrki, /3 iff S A'J^>-% *^e|f -J ^Qi^T-^ "Y % J/J0 <mf { It# - iS'ff* w J ' B . I ^ L ' 1JLU. I'tkd 'ii::: :rr? n:v. ijini/.o that. f<?r?-i!?!? ?>?*c-n;?:ili;?ri i:u< at Britain any title to territory clninii Venezuela, whether west nr t aM of tl itrary Schomhur^k line, and insis t tin* hi*;it iiu.ue ownership of tin; ten y, "in its entirety,"'can be deckled on arbitration on tho basis of "historic ill considerations of historical fact i Venezuelan controversy hingo t'j? simjile i|iifs!ion. What were, respe ly, the p-nyraphieal limits <.f tho Yen lan republic when it declared its ind denco of Spain in lslo and of liritiiana when England acquired that en by treaiy from Holland in lsl re is no other question involved, fi irlantl has not idnee 1 ?s14 added <ii??t foi crritory to her original 1Jrilisl? (filial my l?y any pf< icess which can con hi it tiic cognizance of the laws of n us. 'rum 1S14 to 1S-I1 Knglaml neverint ted in the slightest manner that si mcd herself entitled to any importai tion of tho Atlantic coast west of t! ci|iiil)o river. Most interesting an liable evidence is afforded by a lot e written on May lfvJO, I?v Sir Itol Ker Porter, IJritish charge d'affaires i metis, to the Venezuelan autlioritie itioning them with great earnest nc root n lighthouse at Point iiarima ar erwise provide for safer navigation < ;rand mouth of tho Orinoco. M ter thus conceded that Point Harin 1 tho Orinoco month were exclusive hin the jurisdiction of the Vcnc/.ucl:i eminent, and the Hritish foreign ollii er took occasion to repudiate his acti< lliat matter until some &0 years late r it had hecome the lixed policy of t! idon cabinet to hold Point li.irima at mouth of th>i Orinoco by force of am 1 without admitting arbitration. Origin of the Schouiburgk Line. riie Schoinburgk line, with its initi nt ;it tho center of tin- (irinoco imnil strami in 1M! l>y Sir Kohcrl Schon rjjk. an Kurdish engineer. in siirvcyii 10 actud entirely in the interests of ll itisli government and wit limit tliuco; it or even the knowledge of Vonozucl at excitement wasoccasioned in the r Mie when it hecumo known wh loinhurgk had done, and th:.l lie h; ii)i Js<?ilo indicate Uriti.-li doniinio I<r?nii]>l remonstrance was made, ai rd .Aberdeen, who was then prime mi r of Kniri. .oisweivd, on Dee. 1 1, that the m:irk> placed hv Mr. Schoi rjrk at some points of thecoiintry wliii iiad >::rveved wen-simjdy a prcliiiiina: p. s:il?ji':'i to futlire discussion we< 1 two governments; that iln-yweretl ly tangible means of pre]Hiring to di -s tiie i|iiesti<.n of limits with the pi Uiieiit of \*enc/ileia; that they we ccdwith thai ??xprc.?s object and n< the "overniiient of Venezuela scenn fear ii. willi tlie intention of indicatii ninion or empire on the|iavt of Mr.iiain. Soon afterward Lord Aherdei Irivtl (!i:it .ill tif S*hoinliiir;;k's jmjuM Im! rrmtivcil. L'liifi! yrar^ l;;t(1M 1) Li.rd Alicrdiunt-arily prupu-id ! ? Si-imr l-Wii-ip Iiuzuolan pliMiipulimiary in Knglaml. judiiry lino Iji^iiiiiiuK ?>? tin- w?i.?t L mouth of llie river Muri , wlii into tiii! oi'cau s??!is?* diM.-imv H^^^vard of tlit! Kssf<piilii). Mr. J !?'ll> nil Mini Wiirzurlan <-<>ni i hMDbhHH^^m I i 11 Hh9B^q|^sH9HS^^Ri1 in' inouu iit RHK|HBflSfiR^MB^^ratioii tin! ! ];>v declaration to h'-r m:iji sly's jjovi <- merit ? namely, that Venezuela herself fil iii> i;11< lit ion in in"M!j:y < r cncroach u is- tile territory in *' !y i \'i ri'-ziicla . (( f:>:(i!iiL'iy yaw the desi d ' assurance, a'lil I it;:s was e>:ah;i>h'-d !.v 1 celebrated sialus ipni "I i " h. which \ d, Kzut l.-i has always ;?i!In-ri-<I in ia jrnud fa 11* and which Knirland. dnriri.r * In* lri<l <h years, has violated without s.riijih -*T1 lltllllllls. -h Uli Sept. I?is|, Lord (-iramillc, > note to Scnor IJojir, Venezuela's di 'it malic a-,',-, m in England, sn^cstcd s-I agreement. on a ho Miliary line to lit ?' on thi! coast miles ea-i from the mn of the river Harima. Tho starting jh rn , thus indicated is well t ? the ea>f of iv (Jrinocii month, anil, in fact, (iranvilln t- illicitly slated tlint he hail enileavom it satisfy the reasonable ]>reten>ions "l' claims of Venezuela, triviiifj to her th called Dardanelles of the Orinoco uud . complete dominion of its mouth. .(] Knshiinl IIcpiiiliHtcd tlio Treaty, m Then followed tin* memorable ev< n> leading to (luzman lilanru's mission la Knjzland, his actual m??r??ii;iti?>?? o :il ' treaty embracing the arliilration princ iv and tilt; snliHaquent repudiation of i e. > treaty l?y England. In 1*M Yetiozt ie Imposed an additional tliitv of .'10 per < st ! 011 all merchandise from the llritish c e- : nies. This was intended as an aguresi ; movement for crippling Hrili.-h West 11- I dian trade. It had the desired effect. Hritish government, thereujion inv h Venezuela to send a diplomatic rep rose :i- | tive of hifrh rank to London for the | r- | pose of settling all questions at issue is ' tween tho two countries, and (iuzi u Blanco was dispatched accordingly. A e- protracted negotiations ho induced 1. >o | Granville, on Juno Is. iss.j, to appro d j treaty which provided (article 15) t any differences between Venezuela i lo England which could not ho adjustei _ ordinary ways should lie settled by a tration. Jiul on July ~7 of the same 3 Lord Salisbury, the Tories having c< into power meantime, informed Ken lilanco that 'to engage to refer to arbi j tion all disputes and controversies w] ' Wntilil ho without nroceileiit in treaties made by (ireal Britain. Quest: might arise, such jis those involving I title of the Hrit ish crown to territor j ot her sovereign rights, which hennajes government could not. pledge tiicnise j licforehand to refer to arbitration.'' Therefore Lord Salisbury deliberately pudiatcd the Granville treaty, and all ; sequent. eirorts to revive it. were una\ lng. lint notwithstanding this harsh an J the Liberal ministry, which soon took place of Salisbury's government, show disposition to recognize the injiistici British pretension to sovereignty al mouth of the Orinoco. Lord Hoscberv Tuly 1SM5, wrote in a spirit of com-: tion, proposing a bounilary line start somewiicre to the east of the Orii mouth, merely remarking that hernia} attached special importance to the poj sioii of thi) river (iuainia, with Ike pro\ however, that t he river Orinoco shouh . i j "entirely free to commerce navigation The foregoing detailed n-vicwof the a torical aspects of En^latiii's claim appi s to show that Lord Salisbury's present ..I . ?..> ,>t, flu, s^fliiioit.oi'.'l.- 1 iilit :is ii! boundary between British Guiana is Venezuela is merely thn dcvelopmen i- an arliitmry course determined on wit ly the past ti>n years, in cotMcinpfc of ;il j traditions and also 1 lit* formal record n i in tlii' 70 years from isn to ISMi. In In justification of England's present m J titude 11 is now uracil that the territc: c- j limits have always lieen in debate; 1 e- kIio has really claimed all the time e- minion as far west on the coa*t as I' h Harima; that the various A berdcen, ( >' >1- ville and I,insebery compromise pro) 1-' tions were only tentative and concilia >r and never surrendered England's )t claim to joint, ownership of the Orli ia month, which claim she has ever 1 ie prepared to assert and establish, and t ii- in view of her recognized de facto occi tion for ten years of all the country on.? i- the Schoniburjxk line, she should not io asked to submit the proprietorship of 1 it country to arbitration now. in Soil.!, it I5ril-iin'< (I|>fr>n<iv Vi id zuela's soli; reply is that tliis content ig while very convenient for the interest lj- England, utterly ignores Jut own nntii kt rights, which ant founded on liistoi s, truths whose great weight nobody in ss senses can doubt. ?d Kx-MInistcr ScruKffx' View*. William Ij. Scruggs, for many y / United States minister to JJrazil, in a | magazine article on the subject, says: J " The real issue involved in the pre.' phase of the controversy between Engl 1 I and Venezuela is very simple, liri ' stated.it is about this: Whether, tit r i ' j pretexts afforded by the incidents < I boundary dispute which she has per: , j ently refused to settle upon any jus reasonable basis, (Jreat liritain shall ; permitted to dismember an Americar 'public, nicuiicc the safety of others a id cent, and thus to indefinitely extend li < . .1. I 1,11 iliic cuiii iri 11r ill f] ii- | violation of public- law ami in total di >g ganl of the principles of this Monroe ? '?? trine. ii- I "This language may seem a li a. strong, coining as it. docs from an im ? - ; tial source, 1 nit it will lie found to ut j fully justilit tl liv the facts and aire id stances of tlic case. It is an axiom of n. tcrn.itional ethics, sanctioned liy gen id usage, th.'t nil boundary disputes ari: 11- ; from imperfect surveys, or from adv 1. i constructions of treaty provisions, n- which ttsr.i ex -liiMvcly upon ascertain h historical lacis, or which involve quest ry of j.rc?:Ti;it iv< ri^'ht. are. in the last rc> 'ii ; pro]icrlv referable to a joint commis lie I or to outside friendly urhitration, is- present case falls clearly within those v- visions and should const unto no ex re tion." ; A Oliver Cemetery. it; A correspondent of tlie Koston Travi at describes tlie queer ceinctery of the M ii can ci:v n| i iiianajnato. There is ha Is ro>m .in (iiianajuato fop the living,! livhoovc> he;' s1.1 :ilc to exercise rii;id c i-n uiiiv in iin* dispi ->iti<of her dead, if, hurial pi.uv is mi tin-i"p <'f a Meep a which ii\> rl'i.iks the ?ity, ami consist at an ;iiv;i rici,.sed liy wlial appears from rli outside tw !j. a lii^rli wall, hut which l<> cover- itself front wiiliin in he a tveept fur bodies, which arc placid in tiers, n n as the ci>n!i?:c - ?>f th?-ir i.aiive valleys ( in ! pel them tu live. Knelt apartlneiit in v- wall is large enough to admit one en tig and is rciit'i! fur -tI per mulilh. The isg people are I'liricd in the ground will lie thi! fi.-maii;y uf a euliin, though on at tisually rcnii d, in which the liody is Jit; \v\vd in iin- trr;ivi\ As tliorr art* i-li graves i*iioi":!i In fsu around, wht-nrv x- ih'W i'in! is '.I' . tSi-d a |irnvioiis li-nunl u lit- In- (list iii'Ih iI, iiml iliis likcwisi- lia]>| )U- i wlifii a li-nan' s ivnl is lint pmmplly 1 is- j in a(lvaiu'i'. Tlio I tody is thru trim from its plan* in tin' mausolrum, ur ^kyiuinrd, as iliu case, may lu>. and tin; h thrown into tlir liasrini'iit lntli>\\\ - IN THE EVENT OF A WAR'S J"'" West ir il llttln Vi.'n Speculations as to the Field of:?"'^" jVJ!" ! Conflict. Inst \ V J 0110 c ''t'1 outsi THE FIRST rOIXT OF ATTACK. ''!:l - forge ? solut !)n Importance of Halifax to Great Britain. fieU(J r\1',1 Relative Strength of tho Two l'owcrn Iu auch Mill . . , Case of a Conflict 011 tho Sea?Cotnpari- snips tho Hon of tho Two Naval Forces?View* of cx" I Army and Navy Oflicerg. 1 to ' ing t and In tlm evout of war with England what has t - - 1 4l.?t Tirlt fi 0 so wouui nappenr it nas ultii hiami uniu the , tho war would bocarried on in Venezuelan territory. Such would hardly ho tho case. j The most effective course for tho United j. States would ho tho immediate invasion 1 l(" of Canada. j! ,t 1 Halifax, where Groat Britain's chiof inlo navai station in North America is located, Lint wou'^ 'K* l'll! ^rst point of attack. There I : is not much douht that the two forts which em Protwt t',at station would strike their colilo i ors a^r,er a f(-'W hours' bombardment by sivo I so,no (lUr '''ft battleships. I With Halifax in our powor, tho imTlio ,n,'nso "ayal stores which it contains,seized ! and appropriated to our own use, and tho j i 14 acres of dockyard closed to British ju'r i a SL'vero hlow would bo dealt to the be- ' cn,!In>'' nan ' T'"' nt'xt 'novo would bo to throw a fter s,rulln military force over tho border. Our ^\ iord ri?ulop ar,"i* coll'(i ho vastly increased l)y f ?? a i *'10 a(^^t'(,u the national guard aud a / j't formidable f rce put in possession of tho I | country. This, it is probable, would soon j jn \ bring England to her senses, and Uncle ' 11_ j Sam could dictate his own terms. I When it comes to a quest ion of sea flght>1110 i wo%v?uld 1)0 placed at a disadvantage. ( 1 ; Hut suppose wo did attempt to drivo the tra- English out of Venezuela, see in what a '*ei I t. ! position wo would find ourselves. a for ! Wo would load our regular army on a su 1 "1 I - - t.J.I loll + inns ' l,oar" t,u: American imers, wmcn, as purt ?'? ?? lof t.io naval reserve, would at onco be care i v or ' Prp?M:^ into service. Such other vessels as forts ,v-s j con 1.1 lie found would he seized and used tranc 1*. s : as troopships. When our standing army tho | of 27,000 men was afloat, our ontiro naval outfll rr,,. force would prohably bo mobilized to con- are ii >nli- v,,y l'u' troopships down tho Atlantic, tion. . il_ I across tho nulf of Mexico and tho Carib- a stai ! bean ?ea to the shores of Venezuela. those linn ' threat Britain would send out her big satisl .. . battleships to prevent us from landing four I'd a I tro"l)S- Then would follow sea fights gave |f ! which would be tho most terriblo history the q (|1(1 1 has ever recorded. mucl 0? | In the event of a combat for supremacy erwa "it*. ! on 1 lie sea it must be confessed that tho 80 m ' J,', outl?>->k is not very promising for Uncle heait iiwo ^;UI1- ^aval men say frankly that wo are St. (.slv not prepared to light a nation liko Eng- Greai ;S1,^ ! land on tho sea. tancc j ,, .Although the following facts concerning milit j ju", tho coniiKirativo naval strength of tho two of so ! . nations may sound discouraging, it must equif ^ ls bo remembered that England has other undu iwrs troubles that engage ln-r attention, and ho d jM. I that she would not daro to leave all hor trout | other colonies unprotected. Sho has many Th hJJi president ckespo of veneAela. iciil enemies, ami tho complications which p his might arise were war to bo declared bo- j tweon England and this country would , probably bo favorablo to us. ? . enrs Hero are two tables which show nt a /[lVs? ' glance how insignificant is our naval force u L beside that of England. Tho tables show 1,1 . that where wo liavo but 131 fighting ships ,00'f" " , of all kinds England has 5?>4, and that Jen i i whero we have but 5)22 guns, England has I?u n ider I ^lllls- Not all these guns however, 81S s f 1 ! could ho trained ou the United States floot. >" a . , . . , ., the r 5ist- a oncu' !,,,<* ?ur ont,ro naval force could | 1 t or ')0 '""'looted to meet all tho ships that l)(( : England could send into our waters. , ro. The Naval Forccs Compared. din- naval ktuknuth of the u.mtkd states. . ^ her ' ?f 0t ? I Class of vessels. No. gum. i crcas ' < j Armored vessels 2S 353 ; yard: >rt" Unannored cruisers, gunboats and purt J"C- | battleships 25 4ff7 ?f th I Wooden and iron ships, unamiored. 12 U3 _ i , ittle Torpedo boats 6 W roul ' par- I Other vessels, including small Bteanibe ,TS- tugs, sehoolships and eonum demned ships CO ? in- Totals.. 131 022 oral j England's naval sthength. <ing i . No. of ' I ('las* of vessels. AO. guns. | urM' 1 Armored sl ips 83 2,808 i <>l ! Unarmorcil ships 112 2,!t0t) rililt' j jVrnmrcHl k'unboats 2 18 lulls | I'tiai-inon-il gu.iticuts T?J &>7 i ;ort, j Disjiiitrli v<*ssi i.-, 4 30 siou j Tr:iiiiiii>r ships, sturoships, tui;s, Tin. * transports, etc 28 118 ]iru- Torpedo boats 221) ? | cep- j Totals (including torpedo boat (runs). ;j?J4 0,790 (ircat itritain, every naval oflirur in tlio | navy knows, has powerful military sta! tions within a few days' sail of 1j!? Uuayra, \ !r and Iter supplies at these points are almost l'*1* inexhaustible. No comparison between V the lighting forces of the two countries on so I the seas can lie made without its becoming " "jr; 'im" vividly apparent that, as at. present- coil- ".2*3= ihe it.utftl, the American navy would be lull, hardly a match for the Hritish Meets now ?> N ' in the Atlantic between Halifax and Venj | ezttcla. I j The files of the naval intelligence oflico I "c j show that while there aro no battleships tlosh ,lu . attached to the licet the cruisers are in- flnisl numerable, and most of them areas good as .sliips 1 v" W'Hio "f our best. As lighting machines and t i of their class they are the equal of vessels Th l',,or 1 of the lialcigh and l-incinnati type, but table ",l." t hero are no vessels at t he st at ion coin para- ijuirt " ,-i ' ' 1. V ... V....I I, i? , , Oil* Willi I'll IIIT I lit- .>?*>> HUM., ? WIUKIM*... uuu ? euii- | British channel licet, however, Is oh usi j understood in l>i! now well mobilized and tion. , r M in excellent condition and was prepared Th aust |()I. HctiVl. jifrvicu some weeks ;i<r< , prosuin- val ri pens ikj||y fur t||jiy in tho Mediterranean in stren paid j l)V,.nt ,,f further trouble in Turkey. rathe )\ed WJiilo Great. Britain could send powerful ho th rx fleets and thousands of men to Venezuela to d< ouus | In two weeks, naval olHcors assort that this troul I country probably would not be ablo to gut rauki n there If England once anchored her ' at La Guayra. Her strength in tlio | Indies at present is a matter <>f some | question, but information that has , to the navy department from intelli) oflicers on ships visiting the islands vintcr show that at St. Lucia she has if the most powerful military stations do of Great Britain. Not even Gibrali said to be. better fortified or to have ample arrangements fur earing for bodies of men and for afTording ab o protection to any fleet she might into its landlocked harbor, with j urago sufficient for tho largest battlenglaud'a West Indian Stronghold. Lucia in tho last t ivo years, accordo reports on hand at tho department, lecome tho strategic point of Great tin in tho West Indies and is not onlj SEXOK JOSE ANDRADE. lczuelan minister to the United States.] midablo military garrison, but is also perbly equipped naval station, with ho appurtenances necessary for the find repair of warships. Three great guard on each side the narrow en:o to its harbor, about two miles from ocean. Submarine mines, torpedo ts and all the paraphernalia of defense j place and ready for immediate acOf late tho island has been used as fciou where insubordinate troops and i whose services at home have not been factory have been exiled for three or years. The famous troops which the military authorities attached to ueen's household three years ago so 1 annoyance wero sent there, but aftrd wero transferred to St. Thomas, iles distant, on account of tho unhy conditions. Thomas, until St. Lucia became b Britain's station of great impori iti tln? West, Indies, was her main ary point and carries a garrison still I veral thousand well organized and I )]?cd men. Hundreds of others are j rstood to be stationed there, ready to , ispatched to St. Lucia in event of )lu. is country, on tho other hand, has a singlo possession in tho islands e refuge for ships or supplies could be ved. Great Britain, naval officers jxperts on warfare at tho war departi say, has realized that if sho ever got jublo with the United States tho war d he carried on on this siuo of the i, and that without coaling stations, r shops and supply depots no successhostilities could bo pursuod. Tlioy i to 1-lUlliax, iiurjjiuuit ami ni. uubiu >11 as to St. Thomas and Kingston as ictwork of stations on tho oast coast 10 United States and to Vancouver 10 west, where thero is ono of tho flnaval stations in tho world. ose stations aro not only powerfully I eoncd, but have every facility for | Ing and ropairing warships. Tho total ber of British soldiers they carry is ;nown, but an officer of tho army boi that they would not fall far short of ofnn^lr*cr ctT*oT>oprh nf thn TTnitnd is army. In observing tho powor of t Britain near our own const, and tho i ,ty with which sho could land thou3 of men from St. Lucia, officers of military service do not take into conation the resources sho would bring inlyat homo. They predict that, should j Jnitcd States determine to oppose action of the land in dispute, herchan,eot alone would bo required to land | any soldiers in Venezuela as sho might ' i proper and nt tho same time pro- j the I'nited States from getting a reg- j t ashore. Her policy, naval stratc- j declare, would be to intercept at once i 3eet of warships we might gather for : mrposo of giving safe convoy to regu- j and national guard, and this, they >he would havo no difficulty in doing. The Condition of Our Navy. ie present available fighting strength ur navy could not bo materially in- | ed under three months, with shipi working night and day. The best : of tho navy is now at sea and most I e ships on foreign stations, and of tho : fighting class there are but three bat- j MTfcU STATES HATTLKSUU' MAINE, ips ready for notlvc service. Tin- untied vessels comprise three liattln, an armored cruiser, three monitors hreo litt le gunboats. e const ruction bureau has prepared a showing tho percentages of work red to CO)llpl(<te the Vessels launched. >f this number the battleships Massa tts and Oregon are nearest coinpleo list of warships as given in the naitgistur hardly shows the ival lighting gin OI UUI survil-l!. j mw Milium^, :r than those in commission, would ? Vt'HSols tho government would havo itpoud upon chiofly should there ho j >lo In tint next two years. Of ships I i'd as lirst rate there arb 11 vo?tho I New York, CMumbia, Minneapolis, Mair and Olyinpia, all now cruisers?but in ono capable of giving light to a battleshij Of tbo second rate vessels thoco are 1; beaded by the Baltimore, the largest, < 5,500 tons, and ending with the Uosto and Atlanta, of -1,000 tons. These vesse include the monitors Amphitrite auil M antononioh, and all of the remainder are < tho cruiser class. Of t lie third rate shi] thero are about L'5 available for servio consisting of ships of the class of the Hi lelgh, Cincinnati, Yorktown and Maehia These also include all the old wooden ve sols. The rest of tin navy's actual figh ing strength on the water consists of t\\ torpedo boats and a number of small* cruisers. The vessels under constructio number 10 altogether. Inadequate Const Defenses. Our coast defenses are inadequate, hi the coast towns are not so absolutely d fonseless as is generally imagined, at; some of them aro supplied with the of our new guns. Under pressure tl naval gun factory, near Washington, coul add to the ordnance ot the war depar ment, and the army pun establishment could do wondors if urged to speedy wot and would furnish in a few months man batteries of powerful puns. For manning the defenses and for sti| porting any undertaking by bodies i troops there would be that part of our rej ular army of 25,000 men that could 1 spared from its present duties and ll national guard. Reliance would not I placed in these troops if the menace l'roi England were very serious. Tho reguli army would offer to its ofiicers who se( fame and advancement tho opportunity 1 win both by entering the volunteor servii as organizers. If all tho men of militai ago could bo considered as available i swell a volunteer army, it would bo poss bio to put in tho field several millions i men if tho emergency becamo so great i to demand tho enrollment of every ma nnrstm who could carry a musket. Tho danger from attack by Britis battleships is not regarded as very grea Tho coaling capacity and sailing radius i these ships are small, and they could scare ly do much moro than steam from He muda to Now Y'ork without exhaustii: their fuel supply, thus rendering the) worso than useless at tho time they woul bo expected to do their most importai work. An advantage would bo enjoyt by our warships, which would keep nei the ports of the principal cities for the defense and would at all times bo with] a day's sailing of their base. The Part the Army Would Play. Tho part tho army would piny in th problematical war has been discussed i tho war department, whero it is not ai mitted that our military resources are lin 1 1, crippled or incompetent. It is sai at army headquarters that tho nrmy wi never in better condition than at presen It could be easily augmented by vol in tears and the uso of the national guard. ] is admitted, however, that tho greate difficulty to contend with would bo i anuing a large body of soldiery. This ii ENGLISH' BATTLESHIP BLAKE. eludes the question of ammunition, < which thero is little on hand. At presot tho national guard is equipped with a vi riety of guns, which makes identical an munition impossible. It would take time to properly equip large body of troops aud a large; expend turo of public funds. There i* no que tion that tho national guard could 1 readily mobilized and easily brought wit] in the discipline of the regular army. General Milos' capacity for cominar and campaigning is readily agreed to. H youth, activity, experience aud ambitlc combine to make him a fit commander i any operations by land. Many of tho war department officers a of tho opinion that the invasion of Canat is loss likely as a military oporntion on n count of tho present incident than tho o oupation of Venezuelan territory. An c fleer said in referring to this subject: "Tho invasion of tho neighboring D minion grows out of tho assumption th there we must make the principal strike Great Britain, since our naval force pitiably inadequate. England, it is fel cannot withdraw her armed forces fro India, Gibraltar and tho colonies to i creaso tho military in Canada, and it taken for granted that tho I'nitod Stat can easily obtain possession of Canada, seems to me that this will precipitator attack on our undefended coast, a resu of immense cost to our seaboard cities, say nothing of the loss of innocent lif After all, tho contest, if there bo one, mu bo at sea or at least between two navk Tho army is more likely, it seems to 1110, go to South America and there susta tho Monroe doctrine, tho military alli< with tho naval force of this country." A Fulfilled Prophecy. At tho time of tho boom in southei California a irentloman who was about start for tho golden land of which so imu was said, and who had a passion for (fun ing the Bible whenever it was possibl telegraphed to a friend already resident i thu west in tho following words: "Rei the second epistle of John, twelfth verse. The friend looked tip the verse and reai "Having many things to write untoyoi I would not write with paper and inl but I trust to come unto you anil spea face to face, that our joy may lie full." The friend was also a student of tl Bible, and from his beautiful home in oi of thu loveliest of California towns he sei back the words: "Delighted to hear it. Head Deuteroi omy, eighth chapter, seventh to tent V IT S06.'' The message translated gives the noble: description of what its grateful inhabitan love in call "God's country:" "For the Lord thy God bringeth tin unto a good land, a land of brooks < water, of fountains and depths that >prin out of valleys and hill>; a land of whe; and barley and vines and IIk trees an pomegranates: a land ??f nil olive nit honey; a land wherein tlmu >halt eat l?i*. a without scarceness, thou shall not la<anything in it; a land whose sinnes at iron, and nut of whose hills thou niaye.ilif? brass. When thou hast ealeri and at full, then thou shall hie.?: the Lord ill tiod for tlie yood land he halh jriveti thee. ? YoutIt's ('ompanion. Slightly lh'ltvr Off. Weary Watkins?Don't you believe tii poor is yet tin poorer riyht along:' Hungry Higgins ? I hadn't notice notliin of tin' sort. I owed $Ks ten yeai ago, and I didn't have a eent. 'l'erday ain't got " cent, hut them debts is mil la wed, so 1 guess they is otic pore man little butter olT.?Indiauauolis Journal ? DENTAL NOTICE. Dr. S. G. Thomson, ? / OFFICE rP-sTAIKS ON McILWAlN M * [ Corner, Abbeville, S. C. jM ;-j Dr. L. J. WHITE, I JI DKnrxKiiv. I s* tt*.OFKICE: So. 2 WHITE'S BLOCK. S1 | March 6, lSar>, tf ?! Restaurant. jr , in !T would announce to tny friends and custo|A mors that I have moved my RESTAURANT to Cothran's Block, on Washington Street, where I will he glad ro serve the pub| lie with as good meals as the provisions of 11 the market will afford, u- HARRIET E. ADAMS. 1(j Oct. 1. i:J05, Cms. ,e House and Lot for Sale. ^ id t- I OFFER MY HOUSE AND I.OT In the ts. 1 town of Abbeville tor sale. The lot contains two acres, tiie house eight rooms,and al k ihe premises in perfect repair. Every lmiv provement and easy terms. Apply to W. C. McGOWAtf, Dec. 12,1891, if Abbeville, S. C. i!f | Desirable Place for Sale. >0 ' , \T7"B offer our liomeplace at (,'okesbury for I ?? sale or exchange. Premises In fluere'0 pair, set acres <> I first class land. Land well in adapted to fruit and all crops, Pure cold wa,r ter und perfectly healthy location. . NVyatt Aiken, Abbeville, S. (J. J. S. Aiken, Cokesbury, S. C. - ? to Sept. .id, tf. " I E F GILLIAM. i of s .'.TAILOR,:. HAS moved, and occupies the room recently occupied by J. L. Clark, the gun. smith, and is now prepared to do all kinds ol ' repairing and cleuning of gentlemen's clothes [)t on short notice. o- Samples ol suits always on hand. Charges v /, r. reasonable j? NOTICE. id it Ninety-Six, s. C.. Dec. 11. ISfti. .,1 rpiJK FIRM OF PHILLIPS BROS. & KICK *- lias ihis day been dissolved by mutual ir consent, M. L. Rice retiring from the firm, ir .1. P. PHILLIPS. 1 n B. H. PHILLIPS, I u M. L. KICK. 1 We have this day bought the Interest of M. 18 L. HICK In the firm of PHILLIPS BROS. ?fc in KICK, and* we assume all liabilities of said il- tlrm. All parties owing the firm of Phillips . Bros. & Rice will please make payment to " PHILLIPS BROS., who are authorized to col'? lect same. PHILLIPS BROS. t is Dec. IS, 1S9.1, tf J llE YOU 1 |irwest?And wiint LOW 11ATRS to St. Louis, Memphis, New Orleans, Cincinuattl. Louisville Chicago, or points in Arkansas, Texas, Mis1 | -iourl, Kansas, Colorado, Oregon, Washington. - I'alifortna, or any point West, it will pay f i you to write to or skk mk. Excursion and T Special Kates from time to time. Choice of Routes. No trouble to answer questions. I Hates and maps furnished free. Address Kkkd I). Bl'SH, Dist. Pass. Airent, L. A N. 11. | li.. :t6 1-2 Wail Street, Atlanta. Ga. 3f | July 24.1SD3. Cm * H KTICB PHOTOGRAPHS! i 1 All Sizes^**^ d " All Prices. is )n TN LATEST STYLES OF FINISH. Also . A copying and enlargiug done ;?t reasonable ln rates. I have GALLAGHER'S negatives and will re make photographs from them. * M. V. LOMAX. ^"Over HA DIJON'S store. :'JZ c?ut NOTICE ^TAXPAYERS ! ties 11 i Pay Commutation Tax if You Do it I Not Want to Work the o? Roads. i- T st | *- HE COUNTY" TREASURER IS EMPOW| ered to receipt lor two TWO DOLLARS, com, ' mutation tax, In lieu ol' all road duty, which j j must b<* paid wlu-n other taxes are paid, or "** I prior to tiiv 1st ol Marcn. ruose noiexpecijingtndo six day's faltli.'ul work would do j well to pay the tax. to! JOIIX LYON, jh! l"\ Supervisor. IjI | Oct. :)i, Wt.'i, If Fur Sale! 10 M>! it. -trilu A< KKS MOKK OK I.KSS, NKAK j !'ill tt-rson's l'riiisfi*, bounded by lands of esit of A. S. Mr I 'arlaild, i "o.\ ?V Ibadiey, Ot. al known a-< I lie it ts Wilson Watkiu's Place, and brloiiLin. ! > Hie -!at?' oi \V. K. I'radley. si|i|..||,|jt; (aii'i, vriy good lio'.i-r thereon, jjood ,, uel!, out iiou-rs and olhrr roi.veilieliees. d '' all ll>a! trael or p irei-1 ofland near Ml. far'' iiirl, known a- Hit: Mrt'r vi > I'I mt*,oontaink. 262 Acres, more or less l.ninl in jjood condition and highly productive. ti:u.m< i:.\sv. -l i'or any iiifornuii inn apply lo * W, T, BRADLEY, Agent. ' rn jn n iroy, a. o? Nov. ; 1*1*1 tf J A ,k I Win n you wiint .'! mi I sin!)' at iihhIi ratr