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All SorU of Paragraphs. -^There are 413 species of trees found within the limits of the United States, sixteen of which, wheu perfectly seasoned, are heavy enough to sink in water. The heaviest of these is the black ironwood (Condelia ferra) of Florida, which is 16 to 30 per cent, heavier than distilled water. ? A most peculiar request was made of Governor Francis, of Missouri, the AtkdoTT '1'krtfi A tA VIA WlUOl UOJ. A UU3. IV. ff IIUHUIOVII 13 W hanged at Sedalia, on October 31. Ho wants bis execution to be iu public and begs that it may be public as a special favor of the Governor. He wants to make a speech while on the gallows. ? Sir Robert Ball, the astronomer royal for Ireland, predicted a short time ago that 50,000,000 years ago the moon was a part of this earth, and that in 50,000,000 years hence the moon would be twice the distance as it is now, and the length of the day. then would be 1,400 or 1,700 hours long, or equal to twenty-seven of our present days. ? ine suiciae 01 a young may in Baltimore who hurled herself down from the top of the Washington monument, suggests that it would be a good idea to have strangers watched when they ascend such nigh places. In Paris there was once an epidemic of such suicides, everybody seeming to havo a craze lor jumping from a monument. ? A Springfield man raised a pear that weighed fifty-two ounces, a trifle over three pounds. It grew on a tree 18 years old that has been bearing for thirteen years. He sent it to the Department of Agriculture at Washington and the pomologist hid one exactly similar moulded out of plaster paris to keep on exhibition as the largest pear ever reported.? Spryngjidd Leader. ? Gen. Joseph Wheeler has published a letter declining to be a candidate for the Democratic nomination for Governor of Alabama. The Alliance men wanted him to become a candidate as the surest means of defeating the renomination of Governor Jones. Gen. Wheeler although he has joined the Alliance, says he stands with the Democratic party on the tariff and favors the State banks. ? Shirley Dare says the fruit cake is more nourishing than modern bread, and that if one girl were to eat only fruit cake and another onlv bread for a week it would be fonnd that the cake-eater kept her strength better than the one who lived on bread alone. This may seem a daring statement for Shirley to make, but every school girl will arise and call her blessed. ? The most remarkable official career In the history of the United States was that of John Quincy Adams. It extended over forty-eight years, and embraced fifteen years in the diplomatic service as minister to Russia, Prussia and the Netherlands, five years as Senator, eight years as Secretary of State, four voars as President and sixteen years as Representative In Congress. ?Miss Hecht of Baltimore, who killed herself because she thought she^ was too -smaii 10 cuarm a lover, suouia nave naa the heart for a better fate. She should have remembered that undersized women like Cleopatro and Sappho have been very important people in the world's history, ana that an empress like Catherine found it necessary to stand on tiptoe to appear imposing. ? Steel ties that were placed in the track of the Chicago and Western Indiana Railway nineteen months ago have been examined by the roadmaster. The track had very heavy traffic, but the roadmaster reports that the ties were not only safe, smooth and pleasant to ride on, but were a money-making device. He also observed that there was less oscillation and vibration in the locomotives and cars passing over them, especially In heavily loaded cars of yielding material like grain. ? A female brigand named Mila is being tried for some of her crimes at Pesarevatz, Serf ia. She has been for a nam ber of years a terror to the people of that region, and her crimes and cruelties far exceed those of the ordinary brigand in Turkey or Servia. Mila is accused of fourteen murders and numerous robberies, and a peculiarly infeminine feature of her deeds of blood was that she horribly mutilated ber victims. In audacity and cruelty she had few equals among: outlaws. She is not good looking and has a nose like a hawk. ? The Mormons who fled to Mexico about five years ago are flourishing in their new homes. They are settled a little east ot the Sierra Maure Mountains, in about 30 degrees north latitude, where the fertile Casas Grandes Valley gives them plenty of rich land to till. Some of these settlers made homes further east, but they are retreating to the larger settlements near the mountains, where the climate is better and crops are easier to raise, Polygamous marriages, it is aaia, are contracted there with impunity. ? An American, who run* a saloon in Monterey, recently exposed the portrait of George Washington as a sign in front of his saloon. Gen. Reyes, the Govern v or of Nuevo Leon, more mindful of the honor due to the "lather of his country" than the American himself, ordered tho portrait removed, asserting that Washington was too great and good a man to have his portrait used as a sign for a drinking house. It is said that the publican claims damages and has appealed to Secretary Blaine; but, however the administration may look at it, the overwhelming sentiment of the country will be with the Mexican Governor. . ? Mr. W. H Edwards, in a communication to the York Enterprite, makes some very practical suggestions on the road proolem. He condemns tho present system of working the roads as unsatisfactory and unjust. In his own words his remedy is: "There Is but one way and but one system that will ever give us tho kind of roads we need. It must be done by a system of taxation tliat will fall equally upon every man alike. This can be done by placing a reasonable ad valorem tax upon all property aud a reasonable poll tax upon every man of every calling, and then build the roads by contract, just as railroads are built." A concession has been granted to M. Stepanni to erect a Moorish palace at the World's Fair. One of the many attractions which he proposes to exhibit in this palace is $1,000,000 in gold in one pile. He believes that this will be a great drawing card and that nearly every visitor will want to see it. Of course s:reat precaution will be taken for the safety of such great treasure. It will be in a strong cage and, Mr. Stepanni says: "Just under the gold will bo constructed a fire and burglar proof vault. In the event of an attempt to rob the palace my guards will press an electric button, the entire pile will fall into the vaults and the doors will spring shut." A space 200 by 250 feet was granted for the Moorish palace, upon which Mr. Stepanni says he will expend $400,000. ? A copper mine in Japan, which was tirst worked 1,183 years ago, is soon to be reopened. The llochi of Japan is responsible for the statement of the fact. The mine is in the Musashi Province, and it is recorded in old Japanese works that this was the first copper mine ever worked in Japan. It was opened in the fifth year of J\eiun, 1,183 years ago, and the event was marked by changing tbe name of the era to Wado (Japanese copper), That there should bo detailed rtcord o] these remote happenings is not remarkA tttliinh VvAOcfa t ' *A nns. nuioiu a uuuuuj nuivu session of a written history extending back twenty-five centuries. Seven 01 eight of the ancient workings are 8 lid still to exist just as they were eleven ccnturits ago, and trial diggings are now being made with a view to reopening tho mine. ? The largest beekeeper in the world Is Mr. Harbison, of California, who has 6,000 hives producing 200,000 pounds o 1 honey yearly. Iu Greeco there are 30,000 hives producing 3,000,000 pounds ol honey; in Denmark, 80 000 producing 2,000,000 ;:n Russia, 110,000 producing the same; in Belgium, 200,000 produ ling 5,000,000 pounds; in France, 950,000 produeing23,000,000 pounds; in Germany, 1,450,000, aud in Austria, 1,550,000, each producing 40,000,000 pounds of honey. But in the United States there are 2,800,0>K) hives belonging to 70,000 beekeepers and producing 62,000,000 pounds of honey yearly. ? The ruling sensation in London at nrpsflnt i? thft extraordinary leap made by a man named Milram Nig?, "who jumps 205 feet from the top of the aquarium and lands on his feet on tbe bare floor. Ho wears the costnmo of an American Indian, and his rapid descent is broken by some patent arrangement invisible to the audience. Nigg began his performance on Thursday, aad now all Loudon is running to seethe s:artling feat and to discuss what it is that breaks his fall. ? The syndicate that was formed in Germany last summer for the purpose of establishing colonies of German farmers in Alabama has procured a tract of land in that State. The work of enroll1 ing the colonists is in progress in Geri many, and it is reported that a b )dy of 1 them will be ready to take their departure for Alabama next month. If tbe first colony is successful other colonies will be rapidly organized so that within a few years the State may have a large German population. ? A curious story comes from Salt Lake City /.Utah, which is attracting much attention from the friends and acquaintances of Policeman Charles F. Wanless, shot and killed by Joseph A. Barnes, on September 18, 1890, ana may furnish medical men with another subject for discussion. Barnes, it will be remembered, was having a quarrel with his wife, which the officer attempted to stop. Barnes fired, and the bullet passed through Wanless's heart leaving a lagged hole in the breast. A married sister of the dead officer was telegraphed and came to the funeral from her home in Salt Lake.' She was much affected by the tragedy and took the loss of her brother to heart. In a short time she returned home. About three months ago his sister gave birth to a boy, perfectly formed, but with a red birthmark over the heart the exact shape and appearance of the wound made in Wanless's breast by the bullet from BarneH's pistol. ? A novel clock is now being cxhib ncu uy tuu vt aujuuiaivcio tuivu uj uvudon. It is of wood, beautifully carved, arid stands 6 feet in height. The case is a perfect fort in miniature, and instead of a bell and a striking hammer tho hours are announced by a bugler, who emer?es from a door at one sido of the fort and lows the call to assemble the march. Almost instantly doors open on all sides and a regiment of automatic soldiers, six abreast, march out, wheel to the left, stop a few seconds to "mark time," and then march through another part of the fortress to tho barracks. These marches and counter marches occur each hour. If they come out to announce the hour of 1 o'clock one soldi?r fires his tiny gun, at 2 o'clock two soldiers firo their pioces, increasing with the hour until tue twelve leaders fire their guns, the rear ranks bowing their heads and pointing with their bayonets towards the dial of the ClOCK. ?The New York Central Railroad has Instituted the fastest train service in the world. The train, which will bo known as the Empire Stato Express, will leave the Grand Central Station in New York city every morning, except Sunday, at 9 o'clock, and will rcach Buffalo at 5.40 P. M., making the run in eight hours and forty minutes. Stops will only be made at Albany, Utica, Syracuse and Rochester. Tho train is expected to make fiftytwo and one-third miles an hour, and the officials of the road are confident that this run can bo mede daily with epse, and that the train will be on time every trip. On the first trip, which was made last Monday, the speed at one point was seventy miles an hour, so that the proposed schedule time of fifty-two and one-third miles an hour can be easily maintained. This is faster than tbe Flying Scotchman train between London and Etlinburg which averages about fifty-one and a half miles an hour. ? The father may think to hide cert?ln norfo nf l\i<i clinrap.tflr from h'S child. not wishing him to Imitate them, and may give him precepts that he has never followed, but the child absorbs what he fancies is concealed and forgets the words that contradict it. Commands and exhortations may produce or restrain certain acts, but they are powerless to inspire emotions or create desires. Often tuey have a reverse effect. To give every man his due, to refrain from taking unfair advantage, or in any way enriching one's self at the expense of another, ar 3 duties which are simply to be inculcated and obeyed, yet how is the desire cf gain, so intense in many minds, to be made to ! yield when it conflicts with these duties? The love of rectitude, the faith in honor, the desire to deal fairly and squarely with all men, must be aroused and strengthened before any one can be thoroughly and truly just. And the same is true with regard to every good quality.? Philadelphia Ledger. ? Of a recent fatal spider bite in Now York the Sun says: "Mr. Gustave Stein, who was recently bitten by a spider, diea at 9 o'clock this" morning. His physicians ascribe his death to pneumonia, but this does not preclude the poison from the Bpider from being the original and the true cause of death. The bite was followed by blood poisoning, which in time gave way to hypostatic pneumonia, the result of tbe patient's enfeebled condition from the abscesses formed by blood poisoning. This form of pneumonia must not be confounded with that which arises from exposure of tbe air passages in the lungs to sudden and prolonged celd. Hypostatic pneumonia is frequently the immediate cause of death in typhoid and other fevers. It is simply the result of weak circulation of the blood causing fluid to be deposited in the lungs which the heart has not power enough to reabsorb in the ordinary way. It will be remembered that this was the cause oi death In General Sherman's case. Death from the blto of a spider is a rare but by no means an unknown occurrence. The large tarantulas in the southern part ol this country aro well known to give dangerous and often fatal bites. In a lessei degree there is always the same danger from the bite of tbe ordinary spider. Bui tbe cause of death might more truly b( set down to a want of inherit vitality ir the person bitten rather than tho dangei of the bite itself. In other words, a per son of ordinary health and strength is absolutely proof against fatal consequen ces from the bite of an ordinary spi der." . t n?i?~ 4? u.i.. 14 r?_ i aviug iv jiiiuo it xutm. f Goodland, Kan., October 23.?Durinj Mr. Melbourne's ?tay in Goodland, afte much argument and work, a contract wai ; entered into between Mr. Melbourne an( a newly organized Com pany, whereby th< 1 latter was to be told the secret, furnishet i with a machine and allowed to operate ii ; any part of the country. The Company has a capital stock of $100,000, which n divided into 1,000 shares of one liundrec | dollars each. The home office will be a ' Goodland. The test which began here Saturday > October 10th, and supposed to have beer made by Melbourne, was made by E. F Murphy, President of the Company, ant 0. H. Smith, under Melbourne's instruc tion. The same gentleman made anotbei test, commencing last Friday morning ai 3 o'clock. The sky was perfectly clear ai the time, but by noon they had the sam( kind of clouds that Melbourne had made and about 6 o'clock a slight shower fel for a few minutes and would no doubi turned into a heavy rain had not a stifl breeze sprung up from the northwest and drove the clouds away. However, there was rain at Edson and Shermanvillc. Mr. Murphy says now that the process has been explained to him he can readily see why Melbourne made a failure of his tests here, and that it was easily seen thai the cold nights and high winds were the cause. He states there is no question ol the success of the method in warm, still weathor, and especially when the nights are warm. The charter of the company was filed atTopeka Monday by A. B. Montgomery, The profits of the company will accrue from contracts made to produce rain in different localities, charging so much fot a rain, and it is their expectation to make a big thing out of it. The members ol the company are silent on the terms they have agreed on with Melbourne. The experiments cost Dec ween ana ?7&. On account of the cold nights here the Company Intend to make a test in the South. The first test will probably be made in the Indian Territory, and then they will go to Galveston, Texas. Yesterday E. F. Murphy, O. H. Smith, M. A. Rush, M. B. Tomblin and L. Morris left for the South prepared to begin these tests. Tbc Kind or Farming tbat Pays. ... f A type of the prosperous farmer in the South is William L. Kennedy, of Falling Creek, Lenoir County, North Carolina, who began life with nothing and now enjoys an income of $7,000. His experience might be studied with profit by those farmers of the North and West who are deploring their lot and complaining of the times in which they live. At the close of the war Kennedy was 18 years old. He had carried a musket for two years, aud returned home to find the family fortunes broken. Uncomplainingly he went to work as a day laborer on his father's plantation. After what might be termed an apprenticeship of four years he became ambitious to farm on his own account. A 300-acre farm was in the market, and, as payment could be made by installments* young Kennedy bought the property. The price was to be $30 an acre. By dint of hard work this was paid for in a few years, and Mr. Kennedy now owns two plantations of abont 1,000 acres each. Pie puts in all kind of crops and sells everything that ?(in ho nrnr1iif?t>H nn n Snnlhnpn farm. He plants 200 acres of cotton and obtains a 500-pound bale to the aero. v One hundred and sixty acres are given to corn, 40 to wheat, 75 to oats aud 25 to native grasses. Peas and sweet potatoes are extensively cultivated, the peas being sowed on wheat and oat stubble. He baa a herd of 100 cattle, and milks 25 Jersey cows. Every year he sells $600 worth of butter. His pigs, of which he feeds about 125, briug him in a snug sum of money. With turkeys Mr. Kennedy has great success, many of the gobblers weiRhine forty pounds when they are killed. He feeds them on wheat bran and clabber. Twenty men and their wives and children are employed on the home plantation, the other being leased 1^a/.U mam Unn n knnOA an<4 Uli BUUIC9. XJauil uiau uao a uvuao auu garden free and is paid 45 cents a day. The women and children receive from 20 to 40 cents a day. It is unnecessary to say that Mr. Kennedy does not meddle with politics.?New York Evening Post. Swindling the Farmers. St. Paul, Minn., November 1.?Several sharpers, calling thomselves members of the "Chicago Purchasing Company," have been operating in Rice County, Minn., the past few days, doing a thriving business by swindling the farmers. They traverse a County with some person who is posted as to the standing and responsibility of the farmers. After being introduced, they offer to sell goods at wholesale prices, charging the farmer only $5 as the initiatory fee, which makes the farmer a member of said companv. They then proceed to show how tuo farmer fs cheated by the local deal, and assures him he can save 50 par cent, by sending his orders to the purchasing agencj. They then send goods, which they represent to be worth 9125 at retail, and close up with the farmer for $5 cash, his initiatory fee and his note for $S0. The goods are found to be worth only about $40. They carrv snmnles of Dure granulated sutrar. whicn they claim to supply at the rate of twenty-six pounds for ?I, but receive no orders, letting the farmer order from headquarters. A large number of the farmers in the Southwestern part of the State have been victimized and robbed of hundreds of dollars. Forest Fires in Alabama. Sheffield, Ala., October 30.?The mountains to tho South of here are being swept by forest fires. The exceeding dryness of everything and a stiff breeze makes it impossible to check the flames, which are spreading in every direction! The citizens are fighting them, but without succ?ss. Fences arc being destroyed and some few houses have been burned! The edge of the mountains have beer reached, and in some places the sage fields in the valley arc burning. Only on< cotton field so far is reported destroyed A dispatch states that the fire has crossec Bear Creek, thirty-five miles South, anc is destroying everything in its path News from Russelville says the fire ii sweeping over the mountains to th< Southwest. The only hope for a speedj checking of the fiamesis rain, and then is no sign of that at present. Ban Into a Burning Trestle. Birmingham^ Ala., October 24.?A i 6.25 o'clock this morning, at Hatche i Creek, seventy miles east of Birmingham , on the Columbus and Western Road, i r freight train loaded with coal ran into i i burning trestle. The engine and tw< cars passed safely over, but eleven car , and the caboose went down. Conducto f R. A. Rice and flagman L. R. Crawford . who were in tho caboose, were killed, an* tho bodies were burned, together witn th . train. Engineer J. D. Hendrix, in at t tempting to rescue them after tho wreck , was badly hurt. Sparks from passing lo i comotlvcs caused the fire. ? In Southeastern Russia, where dog j ar? noted for their sagacity, and are mad to carry burdens and discharge other dc - mestlc duties, the famine has caused th peasants to kill thom for food. The efforts that baye been made to secure cheaper text books for use in the I schools have been successful, and books r s can now be bought cheaper thau over be1 fore. Arrangements have been made 1 with the publishers of the school books now in use in this State to furnish them at about 20 per cent, cheaper than formerly, for the cash. The publishers have been making the immense profits on the school books., and not the local dealers, and therefore it is the publishers who have made th? reduction. Tennessee is having a great deal of trouble with the miners at Briceville and ' the convicts stationed in tho coal mines at that place. The trouble has been going on for some time, as the miners vigorously protest against tho convicts being ^ worKea tnere in competition witu inem I selves. Matters culminated last Saturday i night whon the miners released 141 convicts from the stockade at Briceville and I did a great deal of damage to property, j They then went to Coal Creek and set at t, liberty tho convicts stationed there and ! destroyed much property. On Monday I morning two hundred mounted men ret leased two hundred convicts at Oliver Springs, and burned the stockade. Gov. Buchanau has ordered out the militia, and bloodshed is probable. He has offered i a reward of $25 per head for the capture of the convicts, many of whom were headp ing rapidly for the Kentucky line. The miners have adopted heroic measures to i solve the convict problem, and they have the sympathy of many of the people, but , the Governor is firm and courageous and i will doubtless enforce the law as it exists. The situation is serious and it will require a master hand to tide the trouble ever and ; settle It without loss of life and destruc ' tion 01 property. v There exists at present what are known in diplomatic circles as strained relations between the United States and the newly formed government of Chile. Some weeks ago a crowd of American sailors were attacked on the streets of Valparaiso by the Chileans and brutally assaulted, two or three being killed and . a number wounded or imprisoned. The Government at Washington promptly demanded an explanation of the outrageous conduct of the Chileans, and requested that proper reparation be made for the same. To this the Chilean minister of foreign affairs replied very curtly, intimating strongly that the Chileans would attend to their own business in their own way, and would not tolerate dictation from any source. Future developments are anxiously awaited. The Chileans are said to bo a stubborn people who never back down from a fight. Many predict that the matter will not be settled amiably, and that a passage of arms may be expected. There is Bome similarity between this case and that which occurred between Italy and this country in the New Orleans lynching, and doubtless Italy enjoys tne situation nugeiv now mat we are the offended people, seeking apologies and reparation for injuries aone Americans in a foreign land. Italy will find that the United States will not attempt a bluff game with Chile and end the matter by breaking off diplomatic relations. The United States will have her requests civilly acceded to through diplomatic channels, or she will have her demands obeyed by force. Picked a Bale In a few Minutes. Atlanta, Ga., October 27.?Quite a sensation was created to-day over the workings of the Wellis-Lipscomb cotton picker. In a large cotton field near At 1 CI LI lu) IUU piuaoi TT OO puw bU nvia IUIUV* the direction of Lipscomb, the inventor, and performed its work Co the satisfaction of hundreds of planters, who came to Atlanta to witness the test. Everybody was unanimous in pronouncing the machine a success. A bale of cotton was picked in a few minutes, the leaves and green pods of the stalk being uninjured. ? The ordinary watch give3 160,144,000 ticks a year. ? Frank Siddalls, the prominent soap manufacturer, was asked once why he did newspaper advertising altogether, and did not follow in the footsteps of other manufacturers putting up sign-boards, etc. He replied that in his experience he lound that the man that does not read the newspapers never uss soap. ? In the beginning of 1890 the total number of tne world's locomotives amounted to 105,000 representing from 5.500.000 to 7,000,000 horse powor. Taking tne figures at 6,000,000 only, this gives the total horse power of the whole of the steam engines and locomotives on the earth as 49,000,000. The horse power of a steam engine may be estimated as equivalent to the power of three horses, and the power of a horse is equivalent to that of seven men. ? It is proposed to erect a monument at Memphis to Gen. N. B. Forrest, whom I<! T.oo nns>o rcllorl MlA OTflataat f>F Confederate generals. Gen. Forrest's fame rests on the fact that with a handful of raw troops be was able to defeat his outi numbering enemy. This was the case j when with four hundred men he cap| tured Streight's two thousand picked \ troops near Rome, Ga., and again in his t victory at Tishomingo Creek. ? Is it true that girls are wearing sus* penders? One of the letters sent out from , New York, bearing the signature of John . It. Cockerell, says that they are, and that i they call them bretelles, thus still adding } another name to what Englishmen style > braces and the Southerners galluses. The . bretelles are said to be put on when the 1 girls play tennis and ride bycicles-'tho I very times when men take their suspen. ders off. i ? The ordnance division of the War J Department has recently made tests of r smokeless powder with field guns, and 3 obtained very satisfactory results. The quantity of smokeless powder, a half charge, gave the same velocity as double the amount of black powder, while a full charge of smokeless powder gave a vet locity of2,050 leet per second, with pert feet safety to the gun, which is 25 per , cent, more than can be obtained with the % same quantity of ordinary powder. & ? An interesting character of tho C'her3 okee nation is Mrs. Stella Christian, who 3 was a bravo soldier in the Confederate r army during tho war. She donned male ? attire, engaged under General Mcintosh, * commanding the Arkansas division of the 0 Confederate forces, and made a courage" ous soldier. Sho was wounded at the ? battle of Elk Horn Tavern, and her sex * being then discovered she was dismissed from the service. Late in the war she served for one year under Gens eral Marmacuke. Subsequently sho mare ried an Arkansas farmer, and is now the i- mother of nine thriving boj7s. There 0 was the making of a stern Roman matron in her had she livet} in an earlier ago. The Exit of the Locomotive. Ogden, N. J, Oct, 25.?Steam locomotives have had their day, and electric motors will take their place. This new device for whirling trains of raiiroad cars at a minimum speed of 100 miles an hour is the invention of Thomas A. Ed ison. The Wizard of the Electric Fiuid haB completed his motor, tested it, and is assured of its completeness, and backed by Henry Villard, the well-know New Yorker, will operate a railroad between Milwaukee and Ohicago with electricity. Thus the era of steam locomotives, those tremendous machines that have been the wonder of this age, will end on the 400th anniversary of the discovery of America. Mr. Eiison talked freely of the electric motor yesterday, and said it would displace the locomotive for three reasons, viz, it was speedier, safer and cheaper. c:ti ? r 11 ?i i II it win get uue uuroo puwcr, 1Cmaiked, "out offrom one to two pouods of cheap coal, wherea9 six pounds of expensive coal are used to make one horse power in a steam locomotive. "It will carry a train at 100 miles or eyen 200 miles an hour, while it strains a locomotive to cover sixty miles in that time. "The motor will be safer for the reason that by means of an indicator in the power-houses which supply the electric current the exact location of every train on the road will be known at every moment. That will be an absolutely perfect "block system," and will insure perfect safety so for as collisions of trains Are concerned. This will also be a oi&Yiug ui CApcuco iii luaiunaiuiug iuo road. Mr. Ediaon said the trains would be ran by electricity furnished the motors from stationary power-houses. "The current will pass from the stationary engine to a central rail between the track?, thence through the mechanism attached to the bottom of the c*rs or motor. A freight train, of course, would need a motor because of the uumber of cars, although a single passenger car could be run carry ng its own motor beneath it? thence to the wheels, and thence back by the side rails to the power house or Bta tionary eDgine. Three stationary engines, each with a horse power of 10,000 or 13,000, would run the whole Pennsylvania Railroad system between here and Philadelphia. "For practical purposes I feel sure that a 100 pound rail on a rock ballasted track would stand tbe speed of 100 miles an hour. The train will be stopped by air brakes, the same as now. On the road between Milwaukee aod Chicago we will ran trains every twenty minutes at the lightning speed of not less than 100 miles an hour." A "pressure a little heavier than the one I uee would make a horse lift his foot so," and Mr. Edison lifted one of bis own feet about a half an inch from the office floor, "but the pressure I do use a horse wouldn't feel at all, nor would a ? ? n man. You see, i employ tne Heavy current with the low pressure. That is the whole secret of safety. The principle is this, that a stream of water 100 feet wide which falls a foot gives the same power as a stream one foot wide and falls 100 feet. The wide stream is my way." The third rail for street railways will be discarded. Mr. Edison says the diffi cnlty of picking the current out of the mud has been solved. There is absolutely no danger to vehicles, pedestrians or horses. Mr. Edison said that if the Chicago road was the success anticipated, Mr. Villard would undoubtedly pot the electric motors on the Nortoern Pacific for carrying freight ?nd passenger trarfic. What Plants Live Upon. Trees and plants don't grow out of the ground, as most people vainly talk, but directly out of the air; and when they die or get consumed, they return once mere to tbe atmosphere from which they were taken. Trees undeniably eat carbon. Of course, therefore, all the ordinary, unscientific conceptions of .how plants feed are absolutely erroneous Vegetable physiology, indeed, got beyond these conceptions a good hundred years ago. But it usually takes a hundred years for tbe world at large to make up its leeway. Trees don't suck up their nutriment by the roots, they don't derive their food from the soil, they don't need to be ted, like babies through a tube, with terreetriai solids. The solitary instance of an orchid being bung up by a string in a conservatory on a piece of bark, ought to be sufficient to at once dispell forever this strange illusion?if people ever thought; but, of course they don't think. The true mouths and stomachs of plants are not to be found in tbe roots, but in tbe green leaves; their true food is not to be sucked from tbe soil, but inhaled through tiny channels from the air; the mass of their material is carbon, and that carbon tbe leaves themselves drink in, by a thousand small green mouths, from tbe atmosphere around tbem. But how about the juice, the sap, the qualities ofthe soil, the manure required? ia the incredulous cry of the people. What is the use of the roots, especially of the rootlets, if they are not the mouths and supply tubes of the plants ? The plant requires drink as well as food ? .1 _ i _ _ iL. il. _ .1 ana me roois are me mourns mat supply it with water. They also sack up a few other things as well, which are necessary indeed, but far from formiug the bulk of the nutriment. That is to gay some parasitic plants are practically to all intents and purposes, animals. To put it briefly, every plant has one set of serial mouths to euck in carbon, and maDy plants have another set of subterranePD mouths as well, to suck up water and mineral constituents The young plants being supplied with water by their roots, and with carbon by the air arouud, have all the little they need below, and grow aud thrive in these conditions wonderfully. But if you were to cover them up with an airtight glass case,so as to exclude fre?h air, they'd shrivel up at < A _ Lf_L ?_ iL once lor want or carDon, wnicn is tneir sol id food, as tbe water is their liquid. The way the plant really eats is little known to gardeners, but is very4interesting All over the surface of the green leaf lie scattered dozens of tiny mouths or ' . apertures, each of them guarded by two small pursed up lips, which have a re-' diculous humau appearance when s?en through a simple microscope. When the condition* of air and moisture are favorable, these lips open visibly to admit gasse>, tben tbe tiny mouths sucks in carbonic acid in abundance from the air around them. A series of pipes conveys the gaseous food thus supplied to the upper surface of tbe leaf, where the sunlight falls upon it. When tbe sunlight plays upon this mysterious chlorophyll it severs the oxygen from tbe carbon That is tbe whole process of feeding in plants ; they eat carbosic acid, digest it in their leaves, get rid of tbe oxygen with which it was formerly combined, ana Keep loe caroon Bioreu up iur men owd purposes.?Cornhill. We have often eaid that we regretted to see such a tendency on the part of young men to flock to towns and cities. We always feel a certain amount of sad* ness when a boy, we might say, leaves the farm, the home and home influences, without completing his education, to seek his fortune in towns' and cities. The boys need the restraining influences of home life until they really become men. And at that most dangerous age of transition from boyhood to manhood, when they feel that they are wise enough and strong enough to enter the battles of life with some great promise of success, ( they most need the tender love and care .. of a mother, the sober and sound advice of a father, who feels a deep interest in the future of his boys. This interest Intra fatViar onrl mnthor flra nnt QUU iUTt V* j?buv? wuv* M.v MV, r appreciated by the big boys, who feel that ** the "old man," as they like to call their / fathers, is a fogy and not up with the r progress of the times. When trouble and misfortune seem to be settling over the life of the wayward boy, he then re- j calls the love and counsel of father; the tears that that best of all friends on earth, mother, shed when her darling boy just would go out to battle for himself. When the angel of death comes and we look for the last time into the pale face of our dearest and best friend, who of us would not fall at her feet and beg forgiveness that we should ever so have acted as to have caused one ache or pain to pierce thflt dear heart that beat only for our good and our interest! Ah I ** boys do not think father and mother out of date. You are the one who have not yet come ioto date, so to speak. How wo admire a boy who loves bis mother with a tender, gentle love, and loves and re spects and reverences his father. "Hrncr thy father and mother." - ?* ' ' -1 - ?SL - 21 1. Wbat would you ao wua h who is lazy and tries in all ways he can to annoy mo? 2. How would you exElain to a tirat reader class tho diSVrence etween to, too, and two? Maples Mill, III. W. 1. Get in sympathy with that troublesome boy it you can. If you were thrown with him in some out door excursion, you would become better 1 'L J ? acquainted wnn eacn oioer anu uuuuuui return good friends aud bis aDDoyar.ce would cease. You are in a false relation to that boy in some way. 2. It is btst never to meDtiou "to, too, and two," to any child in the same connection. Teach the word in conuectioo with the thought, aod never allow it to b9 used in any other way. Teach the. sentences contair* ing tbeie words several days apart that the pupil shall not see any connection between tbem.? Teachers' Institute. 1. II corrections have to be made in the reading class should they be given immediately after an error has been made, or should they be withheld until the paragraph is finished? 2 Should third and fourth reader pupils be required to learn definitions such an are given some of the leading test book*. Loudon, 0. F. M. 1. It is usually best to wait till the pupil has finished reading before correction is made 2. It is much better to develop definition* than to learn them from books Would never have a dry definition learned till the pupil had been taught to understand the word.? Teach ers' Institute. God has no use for a boy who does not love and respect his father, fir God is our Heavenly Father.