The Abbeville press and banner. (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, November 11, 1891, Image 11
All SorU of Paragraphs.
-^There are 413 species of trees found
within the limits of the United States,
sixteen of which, wheu perfectly seasoned,
are heavy enough to sink in water.
The heaviest of these is the black ironwood
(Condelia ferra) of Florida, which is
16 to 30 per cent, heavier than distilled
water.
? A most peculiar request was made
of Governor Francis, of Missouri, the
AtkdoTT '1'krtfi A tA VIA
WlUOl UOJ. A UU3. IV. ff IIUHUIOVII 13 W
hanged at Sedalia, on October 31. Ho
wants bis execution to be iu public and
begs that it may be public as a special favor
of the Governor. He wants to make a
speech while on the gallows.
? Sir Robert Ball, the astronomer royal
for Ireland, predicted a short time ago
that 50,000,000 years ago the moon was a
part of this earth, and that in 50,000,000
years hence the moon would be twice
the distance as it is now, and the length
of the day. then would be 1,400 or 1,700
hours long, or equal to twenty-seven of
our present days.
? ine suiciae 01 a young may in Baltimore
who hurled herself down from the
top of the Washington monument, suggests
that it would be a good idea to have
strangers watched when they ascend
such nigh places. In Paris there was
once an epidemic of such suicides, everybody
seeming to havo a craze lor jumping
from a monument.
? A Springfield man raised a pear that
weighed fifty-two ounces, a trifle over
three pounds. It grew on a tree 18 years
old that has been bearing for thirteen
years. He sent it to the Department of
Agriculture at Washington and the pomologist
hid one exactly similar moulded
out of plaster paris to keep on exhibition
as the largest pear ever reported.?
Spryngjidd Leader.
? Gen. Joseph Wheeler has published
a letter declining to be a candidate for the
Democratic nomination for Governor of
Alabama. The Alliance men wanted him
to become a candidate as the surest means
of defeating the renomination of Governor
Jones. Gen. Wheeler although he has
joined the Alliance, says he stands
with the Democratic party on the tariff
and favors the State banks.
? Shirley Dare says the fruit cake is
more nourishing than modern bread, and
that if one girl were to eat only fruit cake
and another onlv bread for a week it
would be fonnd that the cake-eater kept
her strength better than the one who
lived on bread alone. This may seem a
daring statement for Shirley to make, but
every school girl will arise and call her
blessed.
? The most remarkable official career
In the history of the United States was
that of John Quincy Adams. It extended
over forty-eight years, and embraced fifteen
years in the diplomatic service as
minister to Russia, Prussia and the Netherlands,
five years as Senator, eight years
as Secretary of State, four voars as President
and sixteen years as Representative
In Congress.
?Miss Hecht of Baltimore, who killed
herself because she thought she^ was too
-smaii 10 cuarm a lover, suouia nave naa
the heart for a better fate. She should
have remembered that undersized women
like Cleopatro and Sappho have been very
important people in the world's history,
ana that an empress like Catherine found
it necessary to stand on tiptoe to appear
imposing.
? Steel ties that were placed in the
track of the Chicago and Western Indiana
Railway nineteen months ago have
been examined by the roadmaster. The
track had very heavy traffic, but the
roadmaster reports that the ties were not
only safe, smooth and pleasant to ride on,
but were a money-making device. He
also observed that there was less oscillation
and vibration in the locomotives and
cars passing over them, especially In
heavily loaded cars of yielding material
like grain.
? A female brigand named Mila is being
tried for some of her crimes at Pesarevatz,
Serf ia. She has been for a nam
ber of years a terror to the people of that
region, and her crimes and cruelties far
exceed those of the ordinary brigand in
Turkey or Servia. Mila is accused of
fourteen murders and numerous robberies,
and a peculiarly infeminine feature of
her deeds of blood was that she horribly
mutilated ber victims. In audacity and
cruelty she had few equals among: outlaws.
She is not good looking and has a
nose like a hawk.
? The Mormons who fled to Mexico
about five years ago are flourishing in
their new homes. They are settled a little
east ot the Sierra Maure Mountains, in
about 30 degrees north latitude, where
the fertile Casas Grandes Valley gives
them plenty of rich land to till. Some of
these settlers made homes further east,
but they are retreating to the larger settlements
near the mountains, where the
climate is better and crops are easier to
raise, Polygamous marriages, it is aaia,
are contracted there with impunity.
? An American, who run* a saloon in
Monterey, recently exposed the portrait
of George Washington as a sign in front
of his saloon. Gen. Reyes, the Govern v
or of Nuevo Leon, more mindful of the
honor due to the "lather of his country"
than the American himself, ordered tho
portrait removed, asserting that Washington
was too great and good a man to
have his portrait used as a sign for a
drinking house. It is said that the publican
claims damages and has appealed to
Secretary Blaine; but, however the administration
may look at it, the overwhelming
sentiment of the country will
be with the Mexican Governor. .
? Mr. W. H Edwards, in a communication
to the York Enterprite, makes some
very practical suggestions on the road
proolem. He condemns tho present system
of working the roads as unsatisfactory
and unjust. In his own words his
remedy is: "There Is but one way and
but one system that will ever give us tho
kind of roads we need. It must be done
by a system of taxation tliat will fall
equally upon every man alike. This can
be done by placing a reasonable
ad valorem tax upon all property aud a
reasonable poll tax upon every man of
every calling, and then build the roads by
contract, just as railroads are built."
A concession has been granted to M.
Stepanni to erect a Moorish palace at the
World's Fair. One of the many attractions
which he proposes to exhibit in this
palace is $1,000,000 in gold in one
pile. He believes that this will be a great
drawing card and that nearly every visitor
will want to see it. Of course s:reat
precaution will be taken for the safety
of such great treasure. It will be in a
strong cage and, Mr. Stepanni says:
"Just under the gold will bo constructed
a fire and burglar proof vault. In the
event of an attempt to rob the palace my
guards will press an electric button, the
entire pile will fall into the vaults and the
doors will spring shut." A space 200 by
250 feet was granted for the Moorish palace,
upon which Mr. Stepanni says he will
expend $400,000.
? A copper mine in Japan, which was
tirst worked 1,183 years ago, is soon to
be reopened. The llochi of Japan is responsible
for the statement of the fact.
The mine is in the Musashi Province, and
it is recorded in old Japanese works that
this was the first copper mine ever worked
in Japan. It was opened in the fifth
year of J\eiun, 1,183 years ago, and the
event was marked by changing tbe name
of the era to Wado (Japanese copper),
That there should bo detailed rtcord o]
these remote happenings is not remarkA
tttliinh VvAOcfa t ' *A nns.
nuioiu a uuuuuj nuivu
session of a written history extending
back twenty-five centuries. Seven 01
eight of the ancient workings are 8 lid still
to exist just as they were eleven ccnturits
ago, and trial diggings are now being
made with a view to reopening tho mine.
? The largest beekeeper in the world
Is Mr. Harbison, of California, who has
6,000 hives producing 200,000 pounds o 1
honey yearly. Iu Greeco there are 30,000
hives producing 3,000,000 pounds ol
honey; in Denmark, 80 000 producing 2,000,000
;:n Russia, 110,000 producing the
same; in Belgium, 200,000 produ ling 5,000,000
pounds; in France, 950,000 produeing23,000,000
pounds; in Germany, 1,450,000,
aud in Austria, 1,550,000, each producing
40,000,000 pounds of honey. But in
the United States there are 2,800,0>K) hives
belonging to 70,000 beekeepers and producing
62,000,000 pounds of honey yearly.
? The ruling sensation in London at
nrpsflnt i? thft extraordinary leap made
by a man named Milram Nig?, "who
jumps 205 feet from the top of the aquarium
and lands on his feet on tbe bare
floor. Ho wears the costnmo of an
American Indian, and his rapid descent
is broken by some patent arrangement
invisible to the audience. Nigg began
his performance on Thursday, aad now
all Loudon is running to seethe s:artling
feat and to discuss what it is that breaks
his fall.
? The syndicate that was formed in
Germany last summer for the purpose
of establishing colonies of German farmers
in Alabama has procured a tract of
land in that State. The work of enroll1
ing the colonists is in progress in Geri
many, and it is reported that a b )dy of
1 them will be ready to take their departure
for Alabama next month. If tbe
first colony is successful other colonies
will be rapidly organized so that within
a few years the State may have a large
German population.
? A curious story comes from Salt
Lake City /.Utah, which is attracting much
attention from the friends and acquaintances
of Policeman Charles F. Wanless,
shot and killed by Joseph A. Barnes, on
September 18, 1890, ana may furnish
medical men with another subject for
discussion. Barnes, it will be remembered,
was having a quarrel with his wife,
which the officer attempted to stop.
Barnes fired, and the bullet passed
through Wanless's heart leaving a lagged
hole in the breast. A married sister
of the dead officer was telegraphed and
came to the funeral from her home in
Salt Lake.' She was much affected by the
tragedy and took the loss of her brother
to heart. In a short time she returned
home. About three months ago his sister
gave birth to a boy, perfectly formed, but
with a red birthmark over the heart the
exact shape and appearance of the wound
made in Wanless's breast by the bullet
from BarneH's pistol.
? A novel clock is now being cxhib
ncu uy tuu vt aujuuiaivcio tuivu uj uvudon.
It is of wood, beautifully carved,
arid stands 6 feet in height. The case is
a perfect fort in miniature, and instead of
a bell and a striking hammer tho hours
are announced by a bugler, who emer?es
from a door at one sido of the fort and
lows the call to assemble the march.
Almost instantly doors open on all sides
and a regiment of automatic soldiers, six
abreast, march out, wheel to the left, stop
a few seconds to "mark time," and then
march through another part of the fortress
to tho barracks. These marches
and counter marches occur each hour.
If they come out to announce the hour of
1 o'clock one soldi?r fires his tiny gun, at
2 o'clock two soldiers firo their pioces, increasing
with the hour until tue twelve
leaders fire their guns, the rear ranks
bowing their heads and pointing with
their bayonets towards the dial of the
ClOCK.
?The New York Central Railroad has
Instituted the fastest train service in the
world. The train, which will bo known
as the Empire Stato Express, will leave
the Grand Central Station in New York
city every morning, except Sunday, at 9
o'clock, and will rcach Buffalo at 5.40
P. M., making the run in eight hours and
forty minutes. Stops will only be made
at Albany, Utica, Syracuse and Rochester.
Tho train is expected to make fiftytwo
and one-third miles an hour, and the
officials of the road are confident that this
run can bo mede daily with epse, and
that the train will be on time every trip.
On the first trip, which was made last
Monday, the speed at one point was seventy
miles an hour, so that the proposed
schedule time of fifty-two and one-third
miles an hour can be easily maintained.
This is faster than tbe Flying Scotchman
train between London and Etlinburg
which averages about fifty-one and a half
miles an hour.
? The father may think to hide cert?ln
norfo nf l\i<i clinrap.tflr from h'S child.
not wishing him to Imitate them, and may
give him precepts that he has never followed,
but the child absorbs what he fancies
is concealed and forgets the words
that contradict it. Commands and exhortations
may produce or restrain certain
acts, but they are powerless to inspire
emotions or create desires. Often tuey
have a reverse effect. To give every man
his due, to refrain from taking unfair advantage,
or in any way enriching one's
self at the expense of another, ar 3 duties
which are simply to be inculcated and
obeyed, yet how is the desire cf gain,
so intense in many minds, to be made to
! yield when it conflicts with these duties?
The love of rectitude, the faith in honor,
the desire to deal fairly and squarely
with all men, must be aroused and
strengthened before any one can be
thoroughly and truly just. And the
same is true with regard to every good
quality.? Philadelphia Ledger.
? Of a recent fatal spider bite in Now
York the Sun says: "Mr. Gustave Stein,
who was recently bitten by a spider, diea
at 9 o'clock this" morning. His physicians
ascribe his death to pneumonia, but
this does not preclude the poison from the
Bpider from being the original and the
true cause of death. The bite was followed
by blood poisoning, which in time
gave way to hypostatic pneumonia, the
result of tbe patient's enfeebled condition
from the abscesses formed by blood
poisoning. This form of pneumonia
must not be confounded with that which
arises from exposure of tbe air passages
in the lungs to sudden and prolonged
celd. Hypostatic pneumonia is frequently
the immediate cause of death in typhoid
and other fevers. It is simply the
result of weak circulation of the blood
causing fluid to be deposited in the lungs
which the heart has not power enough to
reabsorb in the ordinary way. It will be
remembered that this was the cause oi
death In General Sherman's case. Death
from the blto of a spider is a rare but by
no means an unknown occurrence. The
large tarantulas in the southern part ol
this country aro well known to give dangerous
and often fatal bites. In a lessei
degree there is always the same danger
from the bite of tbe ordinary spider. Bui
tbe cause of death might more truly b(
set down to a want of inherit vitality ir
the person bitten rather than tho dangei
of the bite itself. In other words, a per
son of ordinary health and strength is
absolutely proof against fatal consequen
ces from the bite of an ordinary spi
der."
. t n?i?~ 4? u.i.. 14 r?_
i aviug iv jiiiuo it xutm.
f Goodland, Kan., October 23.?Durinj
Mr. Melbourne's ?tay in Goodland, afte
much argument and work, a contract wai
; entered into between Mr. Melbourne an(
a newly organized Com pany, whereby th<
1 latter was to be told the secret, furnishet
i with a machine and allowed to operate ii
; any part of the country. The Company
has a capital stock of $100,000, which n
divided into 1,000 shares of one liundrec
| dollars each. The home office will be a
' Goodland.
The test which began here Saturday
> October 10th, and supposed to have beer
made by Melbourne, was made by E. F
Murphy, President of the Company, ant
0. H. Smith, under Melbourne's instruc
tion. The same gentleman made anotbei
test, commencing last Friday morning ai
3 o'clock. The sky was perfectly clear ai
the time, but by noon they had the sam(
kind of clouds that Melbourne had made
and about 6 o'clock a slight shower fel
for a few minutes and would no doubi
turned into a heavy rain had not a stifl
breeze sprung up from the northwest and
drove the clouds away. However, there
was rain at Edson and Shermanvillc.
Mr. Murphy says now that the process
has been explained to him he can readily
see why Melbourne made a failure of his
tests here, and that it was easily seen thai
the cold nights and high winds were the
cause. He states there is no question ol
the success of the method in warm, still
weathor, and especially when the nights
are warm.
The charter of the company was filed
atTopeka Monday by A. B. Montgomery,
The profits of the company will accrue
from contracts made to produce rain in
different localities, charging so much fot
a rain, and it is their expectation to make
a big thing out of it. The members ol
the company are silent on the terms they
have agreed on with Melbourne. The
experiments cost Dec ween ana ?7&.
On account of the cold nights here the
Company Intend to make a test in the
South. The first test will probably be
made in the Indian Territory, and then
they will go to Galveston, Texas. Yesterday
E. F. Murphy, O. H. Smith, M. A.
Rush, M. B. Tomblin and L. Morris left
for the South prepared to begin these
tests.
Tbc Kind or Farming tbat Pays.
... f
A type of the prosperous farmer in the
South is William L. Kennedy, of Falling
Creek, Lenoir County, North Carolina,
who began life with nothing and now enjoys
an income of $7,000. His experience
might be studied with profit by those farmers
of the North and West who are deploring
their lot and complaining of the
times in which they live. At the close of
the war Kennedy was 18 years old. He
had carried a musket for two years, aud
returned home to find the family fortunes
broken. Uncomplainingly he went to
work as a day laborer on his father's
plantation. After what might be termed
an apprenticeship of four years he became
ambitious to farm on his own account. A
300-acre farm was in the market, and, as
payment could be made by installments*
young Kennedy bought the property.
The price was to be $30 an acre. By dint
of hard work this was paid for in a few
years, and Mr. Kennedy now owns two
plantations of abont 1,000 acres each. Pie
puts in all kind of crops and sells everything
that ?(in ho nrnr1iif?t>H nn n Snnlhnpn
farm. He plants 200 acres of cotton and
obtains a 500-pound bale to the aero. v One
hundred and sixty acres are given to
corn, 40 to wheat, 75 to oats aud 25 to native
grasses. Peas and sweet potatoes are
extensively cultivated, the peas being
sowed on wheat and oat stubble. He baa
a herd of 100 cattle, and milks 25 Jersey
cows. Every year he sells $600 worth of
butter. His pigs, of which he feeds
about 125, briug him in a snug sum of
money. With turkeys Mr. Kennedy has
great success, many of the gobblers
weiRhine forty pounds when they are
killed. He feeds them on wheat bran
and clabber. Twenty men and their
wives and children are employed on the
home plantation, the other being leased
1^a/.U mam Unn n knnOA an<4
Uli BUUIC9. XJauil uiau uao a uvuao auu
garden free and is paid 45 cents a day.
The women and children receive from 20
to 40 cents a day. It is unnecessary to
say that Mr. Kennedy does not meddle
with politics.?New York Evening Post.
Swindling the Farmers.
St. Paul, Minn., November 1.?Several
sharpers, calling thomselves members
of the "Chicago Purchasing Company,"
have been operating in Rice County,
Minn., the past few days, doing a thriving
business by swindling the farmers. They
traverse a County with some person who
is posted as to the standing and responsibility
of the farmers. After being introduced,
they offer to sell goods at wholesale
prices, charging the farmer only $5
as the initiatory fee, which makes the farmer
a member of said companv. They
then proceed to show how tuo farmer fs
cheated by the local deal, and assures him
he can save 50 par cent, by sending his
orders to the purchasing agencj. They
then send goods, which they represent to
be worth 9125 at retail, and close up with
the farmer for $5 cash, his initiatory fee
and his note for $S0. The goods are found
to be worth only about $40. They carrv
snmnles of Dure granulated sutrar. whicn
they claim to supply at the rate of twenty-six
pounds for ?I, but receive no orders,
letting the farmer order from headquarters.
A large number of the farmers
in the Southwestern part of the State have
been victimized and robbed of hundreds
of dollars.
Forest Fires in Alabama.
Sheffield, Ala., October 30.?The
mountains to tho South of here are being
swept by forest fires. The exceeding
dryness of everything and a stiff breeze
makes it impossible to check the flames,
which are spreading in every direction!
The citizens are fighting them, but without
succ?ss. Fences arc being destroyed
and some few houses have been burned!
The edge of the mountains have beer
reached, and in some places the sage
fields in the valley arc burning. Only on<
cotton field so far is reported destroyed
A dispatch states that the fire has crossec
Bear Creek, thirty-five miles South, anc
is destroying everything in its path
News from Russelville says the fire ii
sweeping over the mountains to th<
Southwest. The only hope for a speedj
checking of the fiamesis rain, and then
is no sign of that at present.
Ban Into a Burning Trestle.
Birmingham^ Ala., October 24.?A
i 6.25 o'clock this morning, at Hatche
i Creek, seventy miles east of Birmingham
, on the Columbus and Western Road, i
r freight train loaded with coal ran into i
i burning trestle. The engine and tw<
cars passed safely over, but eleven car
, and the caboose went down. Conducto
f R. A. Rice and flagman L. R. Crawford
. who were in tho caboose, were killed, an*
tho bodies were burned, together witn th
. train. Engineer J. D. Hendrix, in at
t tempting to rescue them after tho wreck
, was badly hurt. Sparks from passing lo
i comotlvcs caused the fire.
? In Southeastern Russia, where dog
j ar? noted for their sagacity, and are mad
to carry burdens and discharge other dc
- mestlc duties, the famine has caused th
peasants to kill thom for food.
The efforts that baye been made to secure
cheaper text books for use in the
I schools have been successful, and books
r
s can now be bought cheaper thau over be1
fore. Arrangements have been made
1 with the publishers of the school books
now in use in this State to furnish them
at about 20 per cent, cheaper than formerly,
for the cash. The publishers have
been making the immense profits on the
school books., and not the local dealers,
and therefore it is the publishers who
have made th? reduction.
Tennessee is having a great deal of
trouble with the miners at Briceville and
' the convicts stationed in tho coal mines
at that place. The trouble has been going
on for some time, as the miners vigorously
protest against tho convicts being
^ worKea tnere in competition witu inem
I selves. Matters culminated last Saturday
i night whon the miners released 141 convicts
from the stockade at Briceville and
I did a great deal of damage to property,
j They then went to Coal Creek and set at
t, liberty tho convicts stationed there and
! destroyed much property. On Monday
I morning two hundred mounted men ret
leased two hundred convicts at Oliver
Springs, and burned the stockade. Gov.
Buchanau has ordered out the militia,
and bloodshed is probable. He has offered
i a reward of $25 per head for the capture of
the convicts, many of whom were headp
ing rapidly for the Kentucky line. The
miners have adopted heroic measures to
i solve the convict problem, and they have
the sympathy of many of the people, but
, the Governor is firm and courageous and
i will doubtless enforce the law as it exists.
The situation is serious and it will require
a master hand to tide the trouble ever and
; settle It without loss of life and destruc
' tion 01 property. v
There exists at present what are known
in diplomatic circles as strained relations
between the United States and
the newly formed government of Chile.
Some weeks ago a crowd of American
sailors were attacked on the streets of
Valparaiso by the Chileans and brutally
assaulted, two or three being killed and
. a number wounded or imprisoned. The
Government at Washington promptly
demanded an explanation of the outrageous
conduct of the Chileans, and requested
that proper reparation be made
for the same. To this the Chilean minister
of foreign affairs replied very curtly, intimating
strongly that the Chileans
would attend to their own business in
their own way, and would not tolerate
dictation from any source. Future developments
are anxiously awaited. The
Chileans are said to bo a stubborn people
who never back down from a fight. Many
predict that the matter will not be settled
amiably, and that a passage of arms may
be expected. There is Bome similarity
between this case and that which occurred
between Italy and this country in the
New Orleans lynching, and doubtless
Italy enjoys tne situation nugeiv now mat
we are the offended people, seeking apologies
and reparation for injuries aone
Americans in a foreign land. Italy will
find that the United States will not attempt
a bluff game with Chile and end
the matter by breaking off diplomatic relations.
The United States will have her
requests civilly acceded to through diplomatic
channels, or she will have her
demands obeyed by force.
Picked a Bale In a few Minutes.
Atlanta, Ga., October 27.?Quite a
sensation was created to-day over the
workings of the Wellis-Lipscomb cotton
picker. In a large cotton field near At
1 CI LI lu) IUU piuaoi TT OO puw bU nvia IUIUV*
the direction of Lipscomb, the inventor,
and performed its work Co the satisfaction
of hundreds of planters, who came to
Atlanta to witness the test. Everybody
was unanimous in pronouncing the machine
a success. A bale of cotton was
picked in a few minutes, the leaves and
green pods of the stalk being uninjured.
? The ordinary watch give3 160,144,000
ticks a year.
? Frank Siddalls, the prominent soap
manufacturer, was asked once why he
did newspaper advertising altogether, and
did not follow in the footsteps of other
manufacturers putting up sign-boards,
etc. He replied that in his experience he
lound that the man that does not read the
newspapers never uss soap.
? In the beginning of 1890 the total
number of tne world's locomotives
amounted to 105,000 representing from
5.500.000 to 7,000,000 horse powor. Taking
tne figures at 6,000,000 only, this gives
the total horse power of the whole of the
steam engines and locomotives on the
earth as 49,000,000. The horse power of a
steam engine may be estimated as equivalent
to the power of three horses, and
the power of a horse is equivalent to that
of seven men.
? It is proposed to erect a monument
at Memphis to Gen. N. B. Forrest, whom
I<! T.oo nns>o rcllorl MlA OTflataat f>F
Confederate generals. Gen. Forrest's fame
rests on the fact that with a handful of
raw troops be was able to defeat his outi
numbering enemy. This was the case
j when with four hundred men he cap|
tured Streight's two thousand picked
\ troops near Rome, Ga., and again in his
t victory at Tishomingo Creek.
? Is it true that girls are wearing sus*
penders? One of the letters sent out from
, New York, bearing the signature of John
. It. Cockerell, says that they are, and that
i they call them bretelles, thus still adding
} another name to what Englishmen style
> braces and the Southerners galluses. The
. bretelles are said to be put on when the
1 girls play tennis and ride bycicles-'tho
I very times when men take their suspen.
ders off.
i ? The ordnance division of the War
J Department has recently made tests of
r smokeless powder with field guns, and
3 obtained very satisfactory results. The
quantity of smokeless powder, a half
charge, gave the same velocity as double
the amount of black powder, while a full
charge of smokeless powder gave a vet
locity of2,050 leet per second, with pert
feet safety to the gun, which is 25 per
, cent, more than can be obtained with the
% same quantity of ordinary powder.
& ? An interesting character of tho C'her3
okee nation is Mrs. Stella Christian, who
3 was a bravo soldier in the Confederate
r army during tho war. She donned male
? attire, engaged under General Mcintosh,
* commanding the Arkansas division of the
0 Confederate forces, and made a courage"
ous soldier. Sho was wounded at the
? battle of Elk Horn Tavern, and her sex
* being then discovered she was dismissed
from the service. Late in the war
she served for one year under Gens
eral Marmacuke. Subsequently sho mare
ried an Arkansas farmer, and is now the
i- mother of nine thriving boj7s. There
0 was the making of a stern Roman matron
in her had she livet} in an earlier ago.
The Exit of the Locomotive.
Ogden, N. J, Oct, 25.?Steam locomotives
have had their day, and electric
motors will take their place. This new
device for whirling trains of raiiroad cars
at a minimum speed of 100 miles an
hour is the invention of Thomas A. Ed
ison. The Wizard of the Electric Fiuid
haB completed his motor, tested it, and is
assured of its completeness, and backed
by Henry Villard, the well-know New
Yorker, will operate a railroad between
Milwaukee and Ohicago with electricity.
Thus the era of steam locomotives, those
tremendous machines that have been
the wonder of this age, will end on the
400th anniversary of the discovery of
America.
Mr. Eiison talked freely of the electric
motor yesterday, and said it would
displace the locomotive for three reasons,
viz, it was speedier, safer and cheaper.
c:ti ? r 11 ?i i II
it win get uue uuroo puwcr, 1Cmaiked,
"out offrom one to two pouods
of cheap coal, wherea9 six pounds of expensive
coal are used to make one horse
power in a steam locomotive.
"It will carry a train at 100 miles or
eyen 200 miles an hour, while it strains
a locomotive to cover sixty miles in that
time.
"The motor will be safer for the reason
that by means of an indicator in
the power-houses which supply the electric
current the exact location of every
train on the road will be known at every
moment. That will be an absolutely
perfect "block system," and will insure
perfect safety so for as collisions of
trains Are concerned. This will also be
a oi&Yiug ui CApcuco iii luaiunaiuiug iuo
road.
Mr. Ediaon said the trains would be
ran by electricity furnished the motors
from stationary power-houses. "The
current will pass from the stationary engine
to a central rail between the track?,
thence through the mechanism attached
to the bottom of the c*rs or motor. A
freight train, of course, would need a
motor because of the uumber of cars, although
a single passenger car could be
run carry ng its own motor beneath it?
thence to the wheels, and thence back by
the side rails to the power house or Bta
tionary eDgine. Three stationary engines,
each with a horse power of 10,000
or 13,000, would run the whole Pennsylvania
Railroad system between here and
Philadelphia.
"For practical purposes I feel sure
that a 100 pound rail on a rock ballasted
track would stand tbe speed of 100 miles
an hour. The train will be stopped by
air brakes, the same as now. On the
road between Milwaukee aod Chicago
we will ran trains every twenty minutes
at the lightning speed of not less than
100 miles an hour."
A "pressure a little heavier than the
one I uee would make a horse lift his
foot so," and Mr. Edison lifted one of bis
own feet about a half an inch from the
office floor, "but the pressure I do use a
horse wouldn't feel at all, nor would a
? ? n
man. You see, i employ tne Heavy current
with the low pressure. That is the
whole secret of safety. The principle is
this, that a stream of water 100 feet wide
which falls a foot gives the same power
as a stream one foot wide and falls 100
feet. The wide stream is my way."
The third rail for street railways will
be discarded. Mr. Edison says the diffi
cnlty of picking the current out of the
mud has been solved. There is absolutely
no danger to vehicles, pedestrians or
horses.
Mr. Edison said that if the Chicago
road was the success anticipated, Mr.
Villard would undoubtedly pot the electric
motors on the Nortoern Pacific
for carrying freight ?nd passenger trarfic.
What Plants Live Upon.
Trees and plants don't grow out of the
ground, as most people vainly talk, but
directly out of the air; and when they
die or get consumed, they return once
mere to tbe atmosphere from which they
were taken. Trees undeniably eat carbon.
Of course, therefore, all the ordinary,
unscientific conceptions of .how
plants feed are absolutely erroneous
Vegetable physiology, indeed, got beyond
these conceptions a good hundred years
ago. But it usually takes a hundred
years for tbe world at large to make up
its leeway.
Trees don't suck up their nutriment by
the roots, they don't derive their food
from the soil, they don't need to be ted,
like babies through a tube, with terreetriai
solids. The solitary instance of an
orchid being bung up by a string in a
conservatory on a piece of bark, ought to
be sufficient to at once dispell forever this
strange illusion?if people ever thought;
but, of course they don't think. The true
mouths and stomachs of plants are not to
be found in tbe roots, but in tbe green
leaves; their true food is not to be sucked
from tbe soil, but inhaled through
tiny channels from the air; the mass of
their material is carbon, and that carbon
tbe leaves themselves drink in, by a
thousand small green mouths, from tbe
atmosphere around tbem.
But how about the juice, the sap, the
qualities ofthe soil, the manure required?
ia the incredulous cry of the people.
What is the use of the roots, especially
of the rootlets, if they are not the mouths
and supply tubes of the plants ?
The plant requires drink as well as food
? .1 _ i _ _ iL. il. _ .1
ana me roois are me mourns mat supply
it with water. They also sack up a
few other things as well, which are necessary
indeed, but far from formiug the
bulk of the nutriment. That is to gay
some parasitic plants are practically to
all intents and purposes, animals.
To put it briefly, every plant has one
set of serial mouths to euck in carbon, and
maDy plants have another set of subterranePD
mouths as well, to suck up water
and mineral constituents The young
plants being supplied with water by their
roots, and with carbon by the air arouud,
have all the little they need below, and
grow aud thrive in these conditions wonderfully.
But if you were to cover them
up with an airtight glass case,so as to
exclude fre?h air, they'd shrivel up at
< A _ Lf_L ?_ iL
once lor want or carDon, wnicn is tneir
sol id food, as tbe water is their liquid.
The way the plant really eats is little
known to gardeners, but is very4interesting
All over the surface of the green
leaf lie scattered dozens of tiny mouths or ' .
apertures, each of them guarded by two
small pursed up lips, which have a re-'
diculous humau appearance when s?en
through a simple microscope. When the
condition* of air and moisture are favorable,
these lips open visibly to admit
gasse>, tben tbe tiny mouths sucks
in carbonic acid in abundance from the
air around them. A series of pipes conveys
the gaseous food thus supplied to the upper
surface of tbe leaf, where the sunlight
falls upon it. When tbe sunlight
plays upon this mysterious chlorophyll
it severs the oxygen from tbe carbon
That is tbe whole process of feeding in
plants ; they eat carbosic acid, digest it
in their leaves, get rid of tbe oxygen
with which it was formerly combined,
ana Keep loe caroon Bioreu up iur men
owd purposes.?Cornhill.
We have often eaid that we regretted
to see such a tendency on the part of
young men to flock to towns and cities.
We always feel a certain amount of sad*
ness when a boy, we might say, leaves
the farm, the home and home influences,
without completing his education, to
seek his fortune in towns' and cities.
The boys need the restraining influences
of home life until they really become
men. And at that most dangerous age
of transition from boyhood to manhood,
when they feel that they are wise enough
and strong enough to enter the battles of
life with some great promise of success, (
they most need the tender love and care ..
of a mother, the sober and sound advice
of a father, who feels a deep interest in
the future of his boys. This interest
Intra fatViar onrl mnthor flra nnt
QUU iUTt V* j?buv? wuv* M.v MV, r
appreciated by the big boys, who feel that **
the "old man," as they like to call their /
fathers, is a fogy and not up with the r
progress of the times. When trouble and
misfortune seem to be settling over
the life of the wayward boy, he then re- j
calls the love and counsel of father; the
tears that that best of all friends on
earth, mother, shed when her darling boy
just would go out to battle for himself.
When the angel of death comes and we
look for the last time into the pale face
of our dearest and best friend, who of us
would not fall at her feet and beg forgiveness
that we should ever so have
acted as to have caused one ache or pain
to pierce thflt dear heart that beat only
for our good and our interest! Ah I **
boys do not think father and mother out
of date. You are the one who have not
yet come ioto date, so to speak. How wo
admire a boy who loves bis mother with
a tender, gentle love, and loves and re
spects and reverences his father. "Hrncr
thy father and mother."
- ?* ' ' -1 - ?SL - 21
1. Wbat would you ao wua h
who is lazy and tries in all ways he can
to annoy mo? 2. How would you exElain
to a tirat reader class tho diSVrence
etween to, too, and two?
Maples Mill, III. W.
1. Get in sympathy with that troublesome
boy it you can. If you were
thrown with him in some out door excursion,
you would become better
1 'L J ?
acquainted wnn eacn oioer anu uuuuuui
return good friends aud bis aDDoyar.ce
would cease. You are in a false relation
to that boy in some way. 2. It is btst
never to meDtiou "to, too, and two," to
any child in the same connection. Teach
the word in conuectioo with the thought,
aod never allow it to b9 used in any
other way. Teach the. sentences contair*
ing tbeie words several days apart that
the pupil shall not see any connection
between tbem.? Teachers' Institute.
1. II corrections have to be made in
the reading class should they be given
immediately after an error has been
made, or should they be withheld until
the paragraph is finished? 2 Should
third and fourth reader pupils be required
to learn definitions such an are given
some of the leading test book*.
Loudon, 0. F. M.
1. It is usually best to wait till the
pupil has finished reading before correction
is made 2. It is much better to
develop definition* than to learn them
from books Would never have a dry
definition learned till the pupil had been
taught to understand the word.? Teach
ers' Institute.
God has no use for a boy who does not
love and respect his father, fir God is
our Heavenly Father.