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IHE PESSMT'S MESSAGE. To the Congress of the United Statesi Tour assembling is cloudal by a sense of public bereavement, caused by the recent and sudden death of Thomas A. Hendricks, VicePresident of tho United States. His distinguished public services, his complete integrity and devotion to every duty, and his personal virtues will find honorable record in his country's history. Amplo and repeated proofs of the esteem and confidence in which he was held by his fellow-countrymen were manifested by his election to offices of the most important trust and highest dignity; and at length, full of years and honors, ho has been laid at rest amid universal sorrow and benediction. OUR FOREIGN RELATIONS. It is gratifying to announce that the relations of the United States with all foreign powers continue to be friendly. Our position after nearly a century of successful constitutional government, maintenance of good faith m au our engagements, the avoidance of complications with other nations.aud our consistent and amicable attitude toward the strong and weak alike, furnish proof of a political disposition which renders professions of good j will unnecessary. There are no questions of difficulty pending with any foreign government. Early in March last war broke out in Central America, caused by the attempt of Guatemala to consolidate the several States iuto a single government. In these contests between our neighboring states the United States forbore to interfere actively, but lent the aid of their friendly offices in deprecation of war and to promote jx>aco and concord ! among the belligerents, and by such counsel contributed importantly to the restoration of tranquillity in that locality. The interest of the United States in a practical transit for ships across the strip of land separating the Atlantic from the Pacific has been repeatedly manifested during tho last half century. My immediate predecessor caused to be negotiated with Nicaragua a treaty for the construction, by and at the solo cost of the United States, of a canal through Nicaraguan territory, and laid it before the Senate. Pending the action of that body thereon, I withdrew the treaty for re-examination. Attentive consideration of its provisions leads me to withhold it from re-submission to the Senate. In the application of the acts lately passed to execute the treatv of 1SS0, restrictive of the immigration of Chinese laborers into the United States, individual cases of hardship have occurred beyond the power of the Executive to remedy, and calling for iudicial de termination. CITIZENSHIP AND NATURALIZATION. The inadequacy of existing legislation touching citizenship and naturalization demands your consideration. While recognizing the right of expatriation, no statutory provision exists providing means for renouncing citizenship by an American citizen, native-born, or naturalized, nor for terminating and vacating an improper acquisition of citizenship. Even a fraudulent decree of naturalization can not now be cancelled. The privilege and franchise of American citizenship should be granted with care; and extended I to those only who intend in good i faith to assume its duties and responsibilities i when attaining its privileges and benefits; ] it should be withheld from those who merely go through the forms of naturalization with < the intent of escaping the duties of their or- I iginal allegiance without taking upon them- ] selves those of their new status, or who may < acquire the rights of American citizenship for j no other than a hostile purpose against their i original governments. These evils have had ] many flagrant illustrations. I regard with ] favor the suggestion put forth by one of my i predecessors that provisions be made for a j central bureau of record of the decrees of < naturalization granted by the various court'? < throughout the United States now invested < with that power. i The rights which spring from domicile in j the United States, especially when coupled | with a declaration of intention to become a j citizen, are worthy of definition by statute, j The stranger coming hither with intent to re- 1 main establishing his residence in our midst, ? contributing to the general -welfare, and by, \ his involuntary act, declaring his purpose to c assume the responsibilities of citizen- i ship, thereby gains an inchoate status t which legislation may properly define. The laws of certain States and Territories admit < a domiciled alien to the local franchise, con- t ferring on him the rights of citizenship to a ^ decree which places him in the anomalous po- 1 sition of being a citizen of a State and yet l not of the United States within the purview e of Federal and international law. It is im- i portant within the scope of national legisla- t tion to define this right of alien domicile as \ distinguished from Federal naturalization. i COMMERCIAL TREATIES. C The commercial relations of the United j States with their immediate neighbors and c with important areas of traffic near our I t shores suggest especially liberal intercourse c between them and us. Following the treaty i of 1883 with Mexico, which rested on the 1 basis of a reciprocal exemption from customs i duties, other similar treaties were initiated by \ my predecessor. Recognizing the need of ( less obstracted traffic with Cuba and Porto j Rico, and met by the desire of Spain to succor languishing interest in the Antilles, steps g were taken to attain these ends by a treaty of s wtiuuv.?vu -.a. oii_tiiia.i i>i catj am*! ?uiu ? signed by the Dominican republic. Subse- j quently overtures were made by her Britan- \ nie Majesty's government for a like mutual t extension of commercial intercourse with the r British "West Indian and South American do- t pendencies; but without result L THE DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR SERVICE. i I earnestly urge that Congress recast the v impropriations for the maintenance of the di- v "gliomaconsular service on a footing s commensuruw w'ith the importance of our t national interests. At eye,y where a n representative is necessary, the salary should c be so graded as to permit him to live with l comfort. With the assignment of ade- c quate salaries the so-called notarial extraofficial fees, which our officers abroad t are now pennitted to treat as personal c "perquisites, should be done away with. Every * act requiring the certification and seal of the e officer should be taxable at schedule rates, 1 and the fee therfore returned to the treasury, i By restoring those revenues to the public use j the consular service would be self-supporting, j even with a liberal increase of the present ( low salaries. In further prevention of abuses 1 a system of consular inspection should be i instituted. < TIIE TREASURY. I The report of the secretary of the treasury 1 fully exhibits the condition of the public ( finances and of the several branches of the 1 government connected with the department. 1 The suggestions of the secretary relating to I the practical operations of this important de- 1 Sailment, and his recommendations in the J irection of simplification and economy, par- 1 ticularly iu the work of collecting customs duties, are especially urged upon the attention of Congress. The ordinary receipts from all sources for the fiscal year ended June ?50, 1SS5, were $322,690,700.3*. Of this sum .$181,471,939.34 was received from customs and fill2,49S,735.54 from internal revenue. The total receipts, as given above, were $24,829,11?3.54 less than those for the year ended June JJO, 1884. This ' diminution embraces a falling off of $13,595,550.42 in the receipts from customs and ' $9,687,340.97 in the receipts from internal rev- , enue. The total ordinary expenditures of the government for the fiscal year were $200,220,935.50, leaving a surplus in the treasury at the close of the year of $03,40-3,771.27. This is ?40,929,854.32 less than the surplus reported at the close of the previous year. THE TARIFF. The fact that our revenues are in excess of the actual needs of an economical admin is uauuu ui mu j;v"vuuuitrui j usuue.-. u lomi,tion in the amount exacted from the people for its support, Our government is but the means established by the will of a free people, by which certain principles are applied which they have adopted for their benefit and protection; and it is never better administered and its true spirit is never letter observed than when the people's taxation for its support is scrupulously limited to the actual necessity of expenditure, and distributed according to a just ond equitable plan. The proposition with which we have tc deal is tne reduction of the revenue received by the government, and indirectly paid by the people from customs duties. The question of free trade is not involved, nor is there now any occasion for the general discussion of the wisdom or expediency of a protective system. Justice and fairness dictate that in any modification of our present laws relating to revenue, the industries and interests which have been encouraged by such laws, and in which our citizens have large investments, should not be ruthlessly injured or destroyed. "We should also deal with the subject in such manner ns to protect the interests of American labor, which is the capital of our workingmen: its stabiltv and proper remuneration furnish the most justifiable pretext for a protective policy. Within these limitations a certain reduction should be made in our customs revenue. The amount of such reduction having been determined, the inquiry follows, where can it best be remitted and what articles can best.be released from .duty, in the interest of our citizens? 1 think the reduction should be made in the revenue derived from a tax upon the imported necessaries of life. AVe thus directly lessen the cost of living iB every family of the land, and release to the people in every humble home a larger measure of tlie rewards of fragal" industry. TOE SILVER QUESTION. Nothing more important than the presenl condition of our currency and coinftge car claim your attention. Since February, 1878 the government has, under the compulsory provisions of law, purcnaseu silver duuioo and coined the same at the rate of more than $2,000,000 every month. By this process up to the present date 215,759,431 silver dollars have been coined. A reasonable appreciation of a delegation of power to the general government would limit its exercise without express restrictive words to the peoples needs and the requirements of tho public. Upon this theory and authority to "coin money" given to Congress by tha Constitution, if it permits the purchase by the government of bullion for coinage in any event, does not justify such purchase and coinage to an extent beyond the amount needed for a sufficient circulating medium. The desire to utilize the silver product of tho country should not lead to a misuse or the perversion of this power. The necessity for such an addition to the silver currency of the nation as is compelled by the silver-coinage act, is negatived by the fact that up to the present time only about fifty millions of the silver dollars so coined have actually found their way into circulation, leaving more than one hundred and sixty-five milions in the possession of the government, the custody of which has entailed a considerable expense for the construction of vaults for its deposit. Against this latter amount there are outstanding silver certificates amounting to about ninety-three millions of dollars. Every month two millions of gold in the public treasury are paid out for two millions or more of silver dollars, to be added to the idle mass already accumulated. If continued long enough, the operation will result iu the substitution of silver for all tho gold the government owns applicable to its general purposes. It will not do to rely upon tho customs receipts of the government to" make good this drain of gold, becauso the silver thus coined having been make legaltender for all debts and dues, public and private, at times during the last six months fiftyeight per cent, of the receipts for duties have been in silver or silver certificates, while tho average within that period has been twenty per cent. The proportion of silver and its certificates received by the government will probably increase as time goes on, for the reason that the nearer the period approaches when it will be obliged to offer silver in payment of its obligations, the greater inducement there will be to hoard gold against depreciation in the value of silver, or for the purpose of speculating. The hoarding of gold has already begun. When the time comes that gold has been withdrawn from circulation, then will be apparent the difference between the real value of the silver dollar and i dollar in gold, and tho two coins will part company. Gold, still the standard of ralue, and necessary in our dealings with oth?r countries,. Will be at a premium over silver; banks which have substituted gold for the deposits of their customers may pay them with silver bought with such gold, thus making a handsome profit ; rich speculators will sell their hoarded gold to their neighbors who need it to liquidate their foreign debts, at a ruinous premium over silver,and the laboring men and women of tho land, most defenceless of all, will find that the dollar received for the wa^e of their toil has sadly in T\?ivihoeinn? r\A^i'or Tf mov Via mi una iu 1 uo pai vuuoxu^ vxi xv u*v*j ww said that the latter result will be but temporiry, and that ultimately the price of labor will >e" adjusted to the change; but even if this Mikes place, the wage worker cannot possibly ?ain but must inevitably lose,since the price ho s compelled to pay for his living will not only je measured in a coin heavily depreciated, ind fluctuating and uncertain in its value, :>ut this uncertainty in the value of the purchasing medium will be made the pretext for in advance in prices beyond that justified by ictual depreciation. The words uttered in 1S34 by Daniel Web;ter in the Senate of the United States are rue to-day: "The very man of all others vho has the deepest interest in a sound cur'ency, and who suffers most by mischievous egislation in money matters, Ls the man who iarns his daily bread by his daily toil." The nost distinguished advocate of bi-metalism, liscussing our silver coinage, has lately vritten; "No American citizens hand has ret felt the sensation of cheapness, 'ither in receiving or exjx?udin^ the SilverVet dollars." And those who live by labor >r legitimate trade will never feel that sensaion of cheanness. However plentv silver lollars may become, they will not be'distribit<xl as gifts among the people; and if the aboring man should receive i'our depreciated lollars where he now receives but two, he vill pay in the depreciated coin more than louble the price he now pays for all the nec:essaries and comforts of life. Those who do not fear any disastrous conequences arising from the continued compulorv coinage of silver as now directed by law, Liul who suppose that the addition to the curencv of the country intended as its result, vill be a public benefit, are reminded that listory demonstrates that the point is easily eached in the attempt to float at the same ime two sorts of money of different excelonce, when the better will cease to bo n general circulation. The hoarding of gold, 1 t-hich has already taken place, Indicates that re shall not escape the usual experience in uch cases. So, if this silver coinage be coninued we may reasonably expect that gold ,nd its equivalent will abandon the field of irculatiou to silver alone. This, of course, nust produce a severe contraction of our emulating medium, instead of adding to it. It will not be disputed that any attempt on lie part of the government to cause the cir ulation of silver dollars worth eighty cents, ;ide by side with gold dollars worth 100 cents, :veu within the limit that legislation does not un counter to laws of trade, to be successful nust be seconded by the confidence of the leople that both coins will retain the same mrchasing power and. be inter hangable at will. A special effort has jeeu made by the secretary of the treasury to rtf amw etlvnv nAin it) Y?_ ncreuse iue aiiiuuni >.'i vm nilation; but the fact that a large share of j the limited amount tints put out has soon returned to the public treasury in payment of I ;luties, leads to the belief that the people do i not now desire to keep it in hand; and ! this, with the evident disposition to hoard sjold, gives rise to the suspicion that there already exists a lack of confidence among the people touching our financial processes. There is certainly not enough silver now in circulation to cause \measiness; and the whole amount coined and now on hand might, after a time, be absorbed by the people without apprehension; but it is the ceaseless stream that threatens to overflow the laud which causes fear and uncertaiuty. What has been thus far submitted upon this subject relates almost entirely to considerations of a home nature, unconnected with the bearing which the policies of other nations have upon the question. But it is perfectly appareut that a line of action in regard to our currency cannot wisely be settled uj>on or persisted in, without considering the attitude on the subject of other countries with whom Ave maintain intercourse through commerce, trade, aud travel. An acknowledgment of this fact is found in the act by virtue of which our silver is comptilsorily coined. It provides that "the President shall invite the governments of the countries composing the Latin Union, so called, and of such other European nations l,.. r.mv j Wit ii arlviuqVilo t/i irmi thn TTnitpil 09 liU llKt J viv,vm uuh-mv.v, jv-? States in a conference to adopt a common ratio between gold and silver for the purpose of establishing internationally the use of bi-mctallic money and securing fixity of relativo value between these metals." This conference absolutely failed, and a similar fate has awaited all subsequent efforts i in the same direction. And still we continue I our coinage of silver at a ratio different from that of any other nation. The most vital part of the silver-coinage act remains inoperative and unexecuted, and, without an ally or friend, we 1 <attle upon the silver field in an illogical and losing contest. To give full effect of the design of Congress on this subject I have made a careful and earnest endeavor since tho adjournment of the last Congress. To this end I delegated a gentleman well instructed in fiscal science, to proceed to the financial centers of Europe, and, in conjunction with our ministers to England, France and Germany, to obtain a full knowledge of the attitude and intent of those governments in respect of the establishment of such an international ratio as would procure free coiuago of both metals at the mints of those countries and our own. By my direction our consul-general at Paris I ' has given close attention to the proceedings of the Congress of the Latin Union, in order to indicate our interest in its objects and re- \ port its action. It may be said, in brief, as tho result of these efforts, that the attitude of the leading powers remains substantially unchanged since the monetary conference of 1881. nor is it to be questioned that the views of these governments are in each instance supported by the weight of public opinion. The steps thus taken have therefore only more fully demonstrated the uselessness of further attempts at present, to arrive at any agreement on the subject with other nations. In the meantime we are accumulating silver coin, based upon our own peculiar ratio, to such an extent, and assuming so heavy a burden to lie provided for in any internation~ ,,.;n i J HI UVgUWUUUUS, tlft Hill 1BUUB1 US Itu U11UW511Uble party to any future monetary conference of nations. It is a significant fact that four of the five countries composing the Latin Union mentioned in our coinage act, embarrassed with their silver currencv, have just completed an agreement among themselves, that no more silver shall be coined by their respective governments, and that such as has been already coined and in circulation shall be redeemed in gold by the country of its coinage. The resort to this expedient by these countries may well arrest the attention of those who suppose that we can succeed without shock or injury, in the attempt to circulate upon its merits, all the silver we may coin under the provision of our silver coinage act. The condition in which our treasury may be placed by a persistence in our present course, is a matter of concern to every patriotic citizen who docs not desire his government to pay in silver such of its obligations as should be paid in gold. Nor should our condition be such as to oblige us, in a prudent management of our affairs, to discontinue the calling in and payment of interest-bearing obligations, which we have the right now to discharge and thus avoid the payment of further interest thereon. The so-called debtor class, for whose benefithe continued compulsory coinage of silver is insisted upon, are not dishonest because they are in debt; and they should not be suspected of a desire to jeopardize the financial safety of the country, in order that they may cancel their present debts by paying the same in deniwintrHl dollars, isor should it be forgotten that it is not the rich nor the money-lender alone that must submit to such a readjustment, enforced by the goverment and their debtors. The pittance of the widow and the orphan and the incomes of helpless bene ficiaries of all kinds would be disas" trously reduced. The depositors in savings banks and in other institutions which hold in F trust the savings of the poor, when their little c accumulations are scaled clown to meet the j; new order of things, would, in their distress, F painfully realize the delusion of the promise I 1 made tothem that plentiful money would im- J prove their condition. r We have now on hand all the silver dollars c necessary to supply the present needs of the c people and to satisfy those who from senti- ! ment wish to see them in circulation; and if . their coinage is suspended they can be readily J; obtained by all who desire them. If the need j; , of more is at anv time apparent their coinage 1 may be renewed. ' That disaster has not already overtaken us ^ furnishes no proof that danger does not wait ? upon a continuation of the present silver coinage. We have been saved by the most { careful management and unusual expedients, by a combination of fortunate conditions, and l b}" a confident expectation that the coui-se of fc the government in regard to silver coinage would be speedily changed by the action or c Congress. j. Prosperity hesitates upon our threshold be- ^ cause of the dangers and uncertainties sur- j rouuding this question. Capital timidly ^ shrinks from trade, and investors aro un- c willing to take the chance of the questionable ? shape in which their money will bo returned 0 to them, while enterprise halts at a risk against which care and sagacious manage- c nient do not protect. As a necessary consequence labor lacks em- r plovment, and suffering and distress are vis- j. ited upon a portion of our fellow-citizens especially entitled to the careful considera tion r of those charged with the duties of legislation. No interest appeals to us so strongly ^ for a safe aud stable currency as the vast c army of unemployed. c 1 recommend the suspension of the com- r pulsory coinage of silver dollars directed by c the law passed in February, 1878. t "TOE WAR DEPARTMENT. The report of the secretary of war is here- j with submitted. The attention of Congress is t invited to the detailed account which it con- 0 tains of the administration of his department, f and his recommendations and suggestions for t the improvement of the service. t the navy. a The report of the secretary of the navy a gives a history of the operations of his depart- * ment and the present condition of the work t committed to his charge. s He details in full the course pursued by him a to protect the rights of the government in re- 0 spect of certain vessels unfinished at the tune ? of his accession to office, and also concerning 1 the despatch boat Dolphin, claimed to bo | completed and awaiting the acceptance * of the department. ISo one can fail v to see from recitals contained in this & report that only the application of business t: principles has been insisted upon in the treat- " ment of these subjects, and that whatever ? controversy* has arisen was caused by the ex- b action on the part of the department of con- 11 tract obligations as they were legally con- * strued. t' All must admit the importance of an effec- F ti ve navy to a nation like ours, having such an u extended sea coast to protect. And yet wo P have not a single vessel of war that could r keep the seas against a first-class vessel of any fi important power. Such a condition ought v not longer to continue. The nation that can- a not resist aggression is constantly exposed to q it Tt.c fnrpicrn nn1ir?v ic nf nor?oocif.v iraal/ R' anil its negotiations are conducted with disadvantages, because it is not in condition to enforce the terms dictated by its setise of t ri-ht, nii? A laspirCCl a* I am by tiie hope, shared by all t patriotic citizens, that the day is not very far v distant when our navy will bo such as beiits ^ our standing among the nations of the earth, * and rejoiced at every step that leads in ? the direction of such a consummation, I ^ deem it my duty to especially direct the at- f tention of Congress to the close of the report ^ of the secretary of the navy, in which the T humiliating weakness of the present orgaui- n zation of his department is exhibited, and a tho startling abuses and -wasto of its | n present methods are exposed. The coil- | f viction is forced upon us with tho j s certainty of mathematical demonstration, i r that l>efore we proceed further in the restora- e tiou of a navy we need a thoroughly reorgan- c ized navy department. The fact that within r seventeen years more than ?75,000,000 have v been sj>eut in the construction, repair, equip- . t. meut, and annainent of vessels, and tho | j further fact that, instead of an effective and | r creditable fleet, we have only the discontent j t and apprehension of a nation undefended by war vessels, added to the disclosures now made, do not permit us to doubt that every attempt to revive our navy has thus far, for the most part, beeu misdirected, and all our efforts in that direction have been little better thau blind gropings and expensive, aimless follies. Unquestionably if we are content with tho 5 maintenance of a navy department simply as ^ a shabby ornament to the government, a . constant watchfulness may prevent some of 1 the scandal and abuse which have found their I way into our present organization, and its ' incurable waste may be reduced to the minimum. But if we desire to build ships for J present usefulness instead of naval re- I minders of tho days that are past, we j c must have a department organized for j the work, supplied with all tho talent and in- J genuity our country affords, prepared to ' take advantage of the experience of other na- " tions, systematized so that all effort shall 1 unite and lead in one direction, and fully ini- , bued with the conviction that war vessels, ! though new, are useless unless they combine | ' all that the ingenuity of man has up to this j | day brought forth relating to their construc- ; tion. I earnestl}' commend the portion of the sec- 1 retary's report devoted to this subject to tho 1 attention of Congress, in the hope that his j suggestions touching the reorganization of j ] his department may l>e adopted as the first | ' step toward the reconstruction of our navy. j TIIK I'OSTAL SERVICE. , The afTairs of the postal service are nx- ] hibited by the report of the postmastergeneral, which will be laid before you. 1 approve the recommendation of tho post- f master-general to reduce tho charges on 1 domestic money orders of five dollars and less J from eight to live cents. This change will ] materially aid those of our people who mo ;t ] of all avail themselves of this instrumentsli- 1 ty, but to whom the element of cheapness is j of the greatest importance. With this reduc- < tion the system would still remain self-sup- i porting. < I approve the recommendation of the post- ! master-general that another assistant be pro- i vided for his department. I invite your con sideration to the several other recommendations contained in his report. TUE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE. The report of the attorney-general contains a history of the conduct of the department of justice during the last year, and a number of valuable suggestions as to needed legislation; and I invite your careful attention to the same. The present mode of compensating: United States marshals and district - attorneys should in my opinion be changed. They are allowed to charge against the government certain fees for services, their income being measured by the amount of such fees within a fixed limit as to their annual aggregate. This is a direct inducement for them to make their feas in criminal cases as large as possible in an effort to reach the maximum ! sum permitted. As an entirely natural consequence, unscrapulous marshals are found encouraging frivolous prosecutions, arresting people on petty charges of crime and trausjiorting them to distant places for examination and trial, for the purpose of earning mileage and other fees. And district attorneys uselessly attend criminal examinations "far from their places of residence for the express purpose of swelling their accouuts against the government. The actual expenses incurred in these transactions are als6 charged agaiust the government. Thus the rights and freedom of our citizens are outraged and public expenditures increased for the purpose of furnishing public officers pretexts for increasing the measure of their compensation. I think marshals and district attorneys should be paid salaries adjusted by a rule which will make them commensurate with services fairly rendered. TUP TVHT A VQ * The report of the secretary of the interior, containing an account of the operations of this important department, and much interesting information will be submitted for your con uderation. The most intricate and difficult snbject in charge of this department is the treatment an I management of the Indians. I am satisfy I that some progress may be noted in their condition as a result of a prudent administration of the present l&ws and regulations for thiir control. But it is submitted that there is lack of a fl.co.1 purpose or policy on this subject which \ should be supplied. It is useless to dilate u )jn the wrongs of the Indians, and as useless to indulge in the heartless belief that because their wrongs are revenged in their own atrocious manner, therefore they should be exterminated. They are within the care of our gonent, and their rights are, or should be, projected from invasion by the most solemn obligations. Thev are properly enough called ho wards of the government: and it should >e borne in mind that this guardianship in olves, on our part, efforts for the improvcnent of their condition and the enforcement if their rights. There seems to bo general oncuirenco in the proposition that the iltimate object of their treatment should >e their civilization and citizenship. Fitted >y these to keep pace in the march of progress with the advanced civilization about hem, they will readily assimilate with the nass of our population, assuming the responibilities and receiving the protection mcilent to this condition. The difficulty appears o be in the selection of the means to do at irescnt employed toward the attainment of his resvlt. The history of all the progress which has K?en made in the civilization of the Indian, I hink, will disclose the fact that the beguiling has been religious teaching, followed by n* accomnanviucr secular education. While he sdf-sacrificing and pious men and women vho have aided in this good work by their ndependent endeavor have for their reward he beneficent results of their labor and the onsciousness of Christian duty well perormed, their valuable services should be fully cknowledged by all who under the law are harged with the control and management of iur Indian wards. What has been said indicates that in tht iresent condition of the Indians, no attemp_ hould be made to apply a fixed and unyield ug plan of action to their varied and varying leeds and circumstances. The Indian bureau, burdened as it is with heir general oversight and with the details J if the establishment, can hardly possess itself j if tho minute phases of the particular cases j leeding treatment: and thus the propriety of reating an instrumentality auxiliary to hose already established for the care of the ndians suggests itself. I recommend the passage of a law authorzing the appointment of six commissioners, hree of whom shall be detailed from the :rmy, to be charged with the duty of a care- j ul inspection from time to time of all the ndians upon our reservations or subject to Iia rnrp nwl r-mitrol of the government, with | . view of discovering their exact condition .nil needs,and determining what steps shall be akeii on behalf of the government to improve heir situation in the direction of their selfupport and complete civilization; that they scertain from such inspection what, if any, f the reservations may be reduced in area, nd in such cases what part, not needed for , ndiau occupation, may l>e purchased by the ;overmnent from the Indians and disposed of or their benefit; what, if auy, Indians may, rith their consent, be removed to other reervations, with a view of their concentraion and the sale on their behalf of their bandoned reservations; what Indian inds now held in common should >0 allotted in severalty; in what iianner and to what extent the Indians upon he reservations can be placed under the procction of our laws and subjected to tneir ienalties: and which, if any, Indians should e invested with the right of citizenship. The , owers and functions of the commissioners in egard to these subjects should be clearly demed, though they should, in conjunction rith the secretary of the interior, be given 11 the authority to deal definitely with the uestions presented, deemed safo and con- ! istent. THE TUBLIC LANDS. j It is not for the "common benefit of the Jnited States1' that a large area of the pubic lands should be acquired, directly or hrough fraud, in the hands of a single indiidual. The nation's strength is in the poo- i ile. The nation's prosperity is in their prosperity. The nation's glory 'is in the equality f her justice. The nation's perpetuity is in , he patriotism of all her people. Hence, as ar as practicable, the plan adopted in the [ispisal of the public lands should have in iew the original policy, which encourages : aany purchasers of these lands for homes jad discouraged the massing of large t'eas. .Exclusive of Alaska, about threeiftlis of tho national domain lias been sold or ubjeetod to contract or giant. Of the renaming two-fifths a considerable portion is if-.hpr mountain or desert. A rapidly in :.'easing population creates a growing deuaud for homes, and the accumulation of vealtli inspires an eager competition to obain the public land for speculative purposes. 11 the future this collision of interests will be nore marked than in the past, and the execuion of the nation's trust in behalf of 0111* settlers j rill be more difficult. I therefore commend o your attention the recommendations conained in the report of the secretary of the uterior with reference to the repeal and j notification of certain of our land laws. PENSIONS. It appears from the report of the commisioner of pensions that there were, on July 1, S85, Ii45,125 persons borne upon the pension oils, who were classified as follows: Army nvalids, 241,450; widows,minor children and lepeudent relatives of deceased soldiers, '8,N41; navy invalids, 2,745; navy widows, ninor children and dependents, 1,926; survivors of the war of 1812, 2,945; and widows of hose who served in that war, 17,212. About me man in ten of all those enlisted in the late var are reported as receiving pensions, exclusive of tne dependents of deceased soldiers. In .Tiilv 1. 1ST"., the number of neiisioners was 534.821, and the increase within the ten years icxt thereafter was 110,304. While there is no expenditure of the public 'unds which the peojile more cheerfully approve than that made in recognition of the lervices of our soldiers living and dead, the .entiment underlying the subject should not je vitiated by the introduction of any fraudllent practices. Therefore it is fully as imjortaut that the rolls should lx> cleanse<l of ill those who by fraud have secured a place j hereon, as that meritorious claims should bo ; specially examined and adjusted. The reforms in the methods of doing the business of :his bureau which have lately been inaugurited promise better results in both these di- | ections. I THE PATENT OFFICE. The operations of the patent oflice demon- I rtrate the activity of the inventive genius of ' ;he country. For the year euded June 150, j 1885, the applications for patents, including | reissues, and for the registration of trademarks and labels, numbered 35,(>8S. During | the same period there were 22,928 patents granted and reissued, and 1,429 trade-marks ind labels registered. The number of patents issued in the year 1885 was 14,:?87. The receipts during the last fiscal year were $1,074,174.3.5, and the total expenditures, not including contingent expenses, ?934,123.11. There were 9,788 applications for patents V ' Q pending on July 1,1884, and 5,786 on the same date in the year 1885. There has been considerable improvement made in the prompt determination of applications, and^a consequent relief to expectant inventors. THE MORMON QUESTION. In the Territory of Utah the law *jf fhe United States passed for the suppression of jx>lygamy has been energetically and faithfully executed during the past year, with measurably good results. A number of convictions have been secured for unlawful cohabitation, and in some cases pleas of guilty have been entered and a slight punishment imposed, upon a promise by the accused that they would not again offend against the law, nor advise, counsel, aid, or abet, in any way, its violation by others. The Utah commissioners express the opinion, based upon such information as they are able to obtain, that but few polvgamous marriages have taken place in the Territory during the last year. They further report that while there cannot be found upon the registration lists of voters the name of a man actually guilty of polygamy , and while none of the class are holding office, yet at the last election in the Territory all the officers elected except in one county were men who, though not I acmaiiv living in tne practice 01 polygamy, subscribe to the doctrine of polygamous marriages as a divine revelation and a law unto all, higher and more binding upon the conscience than any human law, local or national. Thus is a strange spectacle presented of a community protected by a Republican form of government, to which they owe allegiance, sustaining by their suffrages a principle and a belief which sets at naught that obligation of absolute obedience to tne law of tne land which lies at the foundation of Republican institutions. The strength, the perpetuity, and the destiny of the nation rest upon our homes, established by the law of God, guarded by parental care, regulated by parental authority, and sanctified by parental love. These are not the homes of polygamy. The mothers of our land, who rule the nation as they mold the characters and guide the actions of their sons, live according to God's holy ordinances, and each, secure aud happy in the exclusive love of the father of her children, sheds the warm light of true womanhood, unperverted and unpolluted, upon all with her pure and wholesome family circle. These are not the cheerless, crushed, and unwomanly mothers of polygamy. The fathers of our families are the best citizens of the republic. Wife and children are the sources 01 patriotism, and conjugal and parental affection beget devotion to the country. The man who, undefiled with plural marriage, is surrounded in his single home with his -wife and children, has a stake in the country which inspires him with respect for ita laws and couracre for its defence. These arc not the fathers of polygamous families. There is 110 feature of this practice, or the system which sanctions it, which is not opposed to all that is of value in our institutions. There should be no relaxation in the firm but just execution of the law now in operation, and I should be glad to approve sucn further discreet legislation as will rid the country of this blot upon its fair name. Since the people upholding polygamy in our Territories are reenforced Dy immigration from other lands, I recommend that a law be passed to prevent the importation of Mormons into the country. AGRICULTURE. The agricultural interest of the country demands just recognition and liberal encouragement. It sustains with certainty and unfailing strength our nation's prosperity by the product of its steady toil, and bears its full share of the burden of taxation without complaint. Our agriculturists have but slight personal representation in the councils of the nation, and are generally content with the humbler duties of citizenship and willing to trust to the bounty of nature for a reward of their labor. But the magnitude and value of this industry is appreciated, when the statement is made that of our total annual exports more tnan uireefourths are the products of agriculture, and of our total population nearly one-half are exclusively engaged in that occupation. The department of agriculture was created for the purpose of acquiring and diffusing among the people useful information respecting the subjects it has in charge, and aiding in the cause of intelligent and progressive fanning, by the collection of statistics, bytesting the value and usefulness of new seeds and plants, and distributing such as are found desirable among agriculturists. This and other powers and duties with which this department is invested are of the utmost importance, and if wisely exercised must be of great benefit to the country. The aim of our beneficent government is tue improvement of the peoplo m every station, and the amelioration of their condition. Surely our agriculturists should not be neglected. The instrumentality established in aid of the fanners of the land should not onlv be well equipped for the accomplishment of "its purpose, but those for whose benefit it has been adopted should be encouraged to avail themselves fully of its advantages. The prohibition of the importation into several countries of certain of our animals and their products, based upon the suspicion that health is endangered in their use and comsumption, suggests the importance of such precautions for the protection of our stock of all kinds against disease, as will disarm suspicion of danger and cause the removal of such an injurious prohibition. If the laws now in operation are insufficieut to accomplish this protection, I recommend their amendment to meet the necesities of the situation, and I commend to the consideration of Congress the suggestions contained in the report of the commissioner of agriculture calculated to increase the value and efficacy nf t.hic flpnnrttrwnfc THE CIVIL SERVICE. The report of the civil service commission, which will be submitted, contains an account of the manner in which the civil service law | bas been executed during the last year, and much valuable information on this important subject. I am inclined to think that there is no sentiment more general in the minds of the people of our country j than a conviction of the correctness of the principle upon which the law enforcing civil service reform is based. In its present condition the law regulates only a part of the subordinate public positions throughout the country. It applies the test of fitness to applicants for these places by means of a comnetitive examination, and uives large discrc- | tion to the commissioners as to the character of the examination and many other matters connected with its execution. Thus the rules and regulations adopted by the commission have much to do with the practical usefulness of the statute and with tue results of its application. The people may -well trust the commission to execute the law with perfect fairness an.l with as little irritatiou as possible. But of course no relaxation of the principle which underlies it and no wakening of the safegiards which surround it can be expected. xpcrience iu its administration will probably suggest amendment of the methods of execution, but I venture to hope that we shall never again be remitted to the system which distributes puqlic positions purely as rewards for partisan service. Doubts may well be entertained whether our government could survive the strain of a continuance of this system, which upon every change of an administration inspires an immense anny of claimants for ottice to lay siege to the patronage of government, engrossing the time of the public officers with their imjiortuuities,spreading abroad the contagion of their riisnnnointment and filling this air with tbo tumult of their discontent. The allurements of an immense number of offices and places, exhibited to the voters of the laud, and the promise of their bestowal in recognition of partisan activity, debauch the suffrage and rob political * action of its thoughtful and dehberative character. The evil would increase with the multiplication of offices consequent upon our extension, and tlio mania for office-holding, growing from its. indulgence, would pervado our population so generally that patriotic purpose, the support of principle, the desire for the public good aud solicitude lur the nation's welfare would be nearly banished from the activity of our party contests ana cause uiem uj iuto ignoble, selfish and disgraceful struggles for the possession of of I ice and public place. Civil-service reform enforced by law came mue too soon to check the progress of demoralization. (Jne oi its effects, not enough regarded, is the freedom it brings to the political action of those conservative aud sober men who, in fear of the confusion and risk attending an arbitrary aud sudden change in all the public officers with a change of party rule, cast their ballots against sueli a chango. Parties seem to be necessary, and will long continue to exist; nor can it "be now denied that there are legitimate advantages, not disconnected with oflice holding, which follow party supremacy. While partisanship continues bitter aud pronounced, ami supplies so much of motive to sentiment and action, it is not fair to hold public ollicials in charge of important public trusts, responsible for the best results in the per-, formance of their duties, and yet insist that they shall rely, in confidential and important places, upon the work of those not only opposed to them in political affiliation, but so steeped in partisan prejudice and rancor that they have no loyalty to their chiefs and no deeire for their success. Civil service reform does not exact this, nor does it require that those in subordinate positions who fail in yielding their best service,or who are incompetent, should be retained simply because they are in place. The whining of a clerk discharged for indolence or incompetency. who, though he gained his place by the worse possible operation of the spoils system, suddenly discovers that he is entitled to protection under the sanction of civil service reform, represents an idea no less absurd than the clamor of the applicant who claims the vacant position as his compensation for the most questionable party work. The civil service law does not prevent the discharge of the indolent or incompetent clerk, but it does prevent supplying his place with the unfit party worker. Thus, in both these phases, is seen benefit to the public service. And the people who desire good government having secured this statute will not relinquish its benefits without protest. Nor are they unmindful of the fact that its full advantages can only be gained through the complete good faith of those having its execution in charge. And this they will insist uoon. I recommend that the salaries of the civil service commissioners be increased to a sum more nearly commensurate to their important duties. succession to the presidency. The present condition of the law relating to the succession to the presidency in the event of the death, disability, or removal of both the President and Vice-rVesident is such as "to require immediate amendment. This subject has repeatedly been considered by Congress, but no result has been reached] The recent lamentable death of the VicePresident, and vacancies at the same time in all other offices the incumbents of which might immediately exercise the functions of the presidential office, has caused nublic anxiety and a .iust demand that a recurrence of such a condition or affairs should not be permitted. In conclusion, I commend to the wise care and thoughtful attention of Congress the needs, the welfare, and the aspirations of an intelligent and generous nation. To subordinate these to the narrow advantages of partisanship, or the accomplishment of selfish aims, is to violate the people's trust and betray the people's interests. But an individual sense of responsibility on the part of each of us. and a stern determination to perform our duty well,must give us place among those who have aided in their day and generation to the glory and prosperity of our beloved land. Grover Cleveland. Washington, December 8,1885. THE PUBLIC LANDS, Figures oT Interest front Commissioner Sparks' Iteporu Commissioner Wm. A. J. Sparks, of tli9 general land office, in his annual report places the sales, entries, and selections or public land during the last fiscal year at 20,113,G63.37 acres and of Indian lands 881,850.'21 acre3, making a total ot 20.995,513.58 acres, being a decrease, as compared with the year 1884, of 0,5:35,566.41 acres, and an increase over the year 1883 of 1,5'J5,4?0.?8 acres. The receipts from the disposals of public lands are $7,(586,114.80; from sales of Indian lauds, $933,483.52; a total of $8,619,598.32, being a decrease, as compared with the year 1884, of $4,159,532.01, and with 1883 of $V 080,167.33, to which is to be added *8,8-21.86 for certified copies of records furnished by the general land oSce, making the total receipts for the year from all sources $3,628,4*20.18. The commissioner reports that the vast machinery of the land department appears to have been devoted to conveying the lands of the United States upon fraudulent entries under strained constructions of the imperfect land laws and upon illegal claims under public and private grants. He also charges that "depredations upon public timber are universal, flagrant ana limitless," and declares that wise and speedy measures should be adopted for the preservation of the forests. The commissioner also recommends that the Homestead law be so amended as to provide that the public lands of the United States, other than mineral and reserved timber lands, shall be disposed of only under its provisions, and that these be strengthened to secure actual inhabitancy, improvement and cultivation, as precedent conditions to the acquisition of any rights there under, and absolutely prohibiting and rendering nugatory for any purpose whatever any sale or transfer of the homestead privilege, or of any title derived or to be derived thereunder prior to the issue of patent. The law should provide for substantial and not merely pro forma proofs, and applications and proofs should not be permitted to be made before any other officer than the land officers of the United States. ARMY AFFAIRS, Resume o? the Annnal Report of Secretary Endicott. In submitting his annual report to the President Secretary Endicott states the expenditures for the year ending June 30, 1SS5, at $45,850,999.54. Ho estimates the next fiscal year at $48,204,183, reduced from a schedule presented to him which called for nearly double the amount At last reports from the lieutenant-general the army consisted of 2,154 officers and 24,705 enlisted men. He then gives in detail the operations of the troops on the frontier. The Oklahoma country was freed from invaders without bloodshed, and the effect has been to restore quiet among the Iudians. Other slight J;-1??1 ? -? fw l\np r\f A ri. uisiurua.liu.*3 auiuii^ tuc liiuiau Uiuw v??. u.. zona and New Mexico were easily quelled by the presence of troops. He commends to the consideration of the President the policy of concentrating troops and putting large garrisons in the vicinity of large cities as a measure of economy, the present railroad facilities being ample to transport them to the frontier speedily when needed. The acting judge-advocate-general reports 2,3~J8 courts-martial during the year and 674 convictions for desertion. Attention is called to the defenceless condition of our seacoast aud lake frontier. Estimates under this head have been restricted to the sum required for the repair and modification of existing works and torpedoes for harbor defense, but a short appropriation does not allow the department to do more than place in serviceable condition the heavy gun? and mortars in the harbors. Mention is made of the Grant relics presented to the government by Mrs. Grant at the request of Mr. Vanderbilt. These a^e now stored in the war department, where they will remain until Congress officially accepts the gift and directs what disposition shall be made of it In conclusion Mr. Endicott asks that Congross provide for an assistant secretary of war, as there is no olRcer in the department, asjnow organized, who can assist the secretary in his duties and act in his absence. T.AFT! r>TSASTFR& unuu A Year's Kccord of tlie Number of V cmlri and Lives Lost* Tho table of disasters to lake shipping during the year of 1SS3, just published, show that sixty vessels wore lost during the years involving a loss of $1,010,200. Of these, twenty-two were steam and thirty-eight Bailing vessels. Twenty-two went ashore and grounded to pieces, nineteen were destroyed by fire, fourteen foundered, four capsized, and were broken up by seas, and one was blown into splinters by tho explosion of her boilers. Twenty-five were wrecked on Lake Michigan,ten on Lake Huron,six on Lake Su< perior.six on Lake Erie, and thirteen on Lake Ontario. In these disasters seventy-four lives were lost The most notable di-aster was tho wreck of the Algoma at Isle Royal, Lake Superior, on November 7, by which forty-eight lives were lost. The renobsco't tribe of Indians in Maine have a representative in the State legislature to look alter their interests, but he is not entitled to vote. The Indians number 500 and do not desire fall citizenship. A man in Stewart county, Ga., recently found on his place a gourd four feet six inches long and about as broad. He hollowed it out. put rockers on it, and now it serves as a cradle for his baby. Dr. Albert Thompson*, a young Irish physician, has been presented with tho Albert aiadal for removing poison in a case of diphhoria by sucking it away. s treasury: ; First Annual Report of Secretary Manning. Eeceipts and Expenditures?Silver and Tariff Questions The annual report of the secretary of the treasury embraces fifty-eight pages of printed matter, and is accompanied by a special report of fifty-six pages on the collection of customs duties. The ordinary revenues of the government, for the fiscal year 1885 tvere $323,690,700, andthe ordinary expenditures (including sinking: lUUUf if^iv vvv,/)vvv)*/,w) ?v%?. ?jjj ym surplus or 817,859,7:35. As compared with the preceding year there was a decrease oi $24,829,163 in revenue and an increase of: $16,100,090 in expenditures. The estimated revenues of the year 1S86 are $315,000,000, and the estimated expenditures, including sinking fund $290,750,000. For the year 1877, however, the secretary estimates that there will be a deficit of $24,589,552, the' revenue remaining at $315,000,000 and the" expenditures reaching $339,589,552. Of this estimated increase of $49,000,000 in expendi* tures, $19,000,000 is for pensions, $15,000,000 for the navy, and $4,000,000 for fortifications. The interest bearing debt has been reduced during the fiscal year $10,369,750, and now stands at $1,260,778,162., including the Pacific Railroad bonds ($64,623,512). The balance in. the treasury of assets over liabilities has been increased $58,053,702 since March 1, 1885, of which $36,000,000 is silver coin, $16,000,000 gold coin, and $9,000,000 legal tender notek - " Eighteen pages of the secretary's report are given to a theoretical and historical discussion of the silver question. The secretary argues that the continued coinage of silver dollars by arbitrary purchases of bullion without reference to the public demand for such dollars must eventually make the United States a silver mono-metallic nation, and put us out of harmony with the commercial world, and tend to defeat international bi-metalism. Ho opposes the project for ; making a heavier dollar, since that would also operate against international bi-metalism by carrying us further away from the European ratio, and because the adoption of a new I w/vulJ 4-Ua r\Q mAra /IAI 1 CI LIU WUUIU Xii V Ol V O IUU Wiuiug VI. ax&itaw UV4" lars. whereas we have more than enough already. Stoppage of the coinage, in the secretary's opinion, is the effectual and only remedy for the evils existing and threatened. On the subject of reform in taxation the secretary says: "Beside the reforms which are desirable for the effective administration of any system of taxation levied through imported merchandise, and are indispnsable for the administration of custom laws, which, like our own, are a chaos rather than a system, I venture to hope that in due season it will be the pleasure of Congress to consider some other reforms, upon which, as is requisite, all parties may agree and that are of a different scope. Like our currency laws, our tariff laws are a legacy of war. If exigencies excuse their origin, their defects are unnecessary after twenty years of peace. They have been retained without sifting and discrimination, although enacted without legislative debate,criticism or examination. A horizontal reduction of ten per cent, was made in 1872, but was repealed in 1875 and rejected in 1884. They require at our custom houses the employment of a force sufficient to examine, appraise, and levy duties upon more than 4,182 different articles. Many rates of duty begun in war have been increased since, although the late tariff commission declared them 'iniurious to . the interests supposed to be benefited.1 and said that a 'reduction would be conducive to the general prosperity.' They have been retained, although the long era of falling prices, in the case of specific duties, has operated a IQT-ITQ in bronco nf rates Thpv hftVfl hfiftll TfV tained at an average ad valorem rate for the last year of over forty-six per cent., which is but two and a half per cent, less than the highest rate of the war period, and is nearly four per cent, more thau the rate before the latest revision. The highest endurable rates of duty, which were adopted 1862-4 to offset internal taxes upon almost every taxable article, have in most cases been retained now from fourteen to twenty years after such internal tax has been removed. They have been retained while purely revenue duties upon articles not competing with anything Sroduced in the thirty-eight States have been iscarded. They have been retained upon articles used as materials for our own manufactures (in 1884 adding $30,000,000 to their cost) which, if exported, compete in other countries against similar manufactures from untaxed materials. Some rates have been retained after ruining the industries they, were meant to advantage. Other rates have been retained after affecting a higher price for a domestic product at home than it was sold | abroad for. The general high level of rates has been retained on the theory of countervailing lower wages abroad, when, in fact, the higher wages of American labor are at once the secret and the security of our capacity to distance all competition from 'pauper labor' in any market. All changes have left unchanged, or changed for the worse, by new sdiemes of classification and otherwise, a r>rvmnlir?/itpd. cumbrous, intricate CTOUD of laws which are not capable of being administered with impartiality to all our merchants. As nothing in the ordinary course of business is imported unless the price here of the* domestic, as well as the imported, articled higher by the amount of tne dutV and the colt of sea-transit than the price abroad, the \ preference of the taxpayer for duties upon articles not produced m the United States is justified by the fact that such duties cost him no more than __the treasuix of his country gets. As~~fbr duties affecting articles that are also produced in the United States, the first to be safely discarded are those, upon materials used by our own manufactures, which now subject them to a hopeless competition at home and abroad, with the manufacturing nations, none of which' taxes raw materials. It is not to be doubted that in any reform which shall finally receive the approval of the two houses of Congress, they will maturely consider and favorably regard the interests which can only gradually and carefully be adjusted, without loss, to changes in the legislative conditions for their advancing prosperity. With this view, I have invited in some 2,000 circular letters to our manufacturers and merchants, their enlightened col'mrtnAirnmonf /vf /Ml** flcool UjXfi iltlVLl 1U IUU V T CU4CUV Vi. VU* AW^CM policy, and the replies received will hereafter be submitted to the consideration of Congress. LIFE-SAVING SERVICE. The usual beneficent results have attended the operations of this service during the year. The number of stations in commission at the close of the year was 203. The number of disasters to documented vessels reported by the district officers to have occurred within their field of action is 256. The niunber of persons on board these vessels was 2,206, of whom 2,196 were saved and ten lost. The value of the property involved is estimated at $4,604,455, of which $3,352,760 was saved and $1,251,695 lost. The number of vessels totally lost was fifty-six. There were beside 115 disasters to smaller ci-aft, such as sailboats, rowboats, etc., on which were 233 persons, 232 of whom were saved and one last. The value of property involved in these minor disasters was $29,925, of which $20,823 was saved and $3,102 lost. PUBLIC BUILDINiS. During the last year work has been in progress upon forty-nine buildings, under the direction of the supervising architect. Congress at its last session authorized the erection of, aud made appropriation for, thirty-one new buildings in various parts of the country, making, practically eighty new buildings, ranging iu cost, of construction from $25,000 to $1,500,000, upon which preparatorv or active work of construction nas I >0011 prosecuted. IHU LUUH ca|a;uiuiuic9 during tho year upon new buildings, including sites, aggregate $1,438,709.94; 5for repairs and preservation of public buildings, $175,004.39; for heating apparatus and repairs to same, elevators, vaults, safes, locks, storage of silver dollars, etc., $109,800.74.. Tall Shanter, tho six-foot Navajo Indian chief who called ou the President the other day, is handsome, wears high-heeled boot* and clothing of the latest fashionable cut and has his hair put up in a French twist, giving him a rather effeminate look. General Grant and Bishop Simpson, of the Methodist Episcopal church, were first cousins. Tho bishop's father and tho general's mother were brother and sister, Their father and mother were Irish, from County Tyrone. Sagasta, at present prime minister to the Queen Regent of Spain, Christina, was at the head of Amadeo's cabinet in 1ST I and 1S72. IIo afterward supported Castelar, and was directly connected with the events which seated Alfonso on tho throne t