University of South Carolina Libraries
SHADOWS ALL. 1 Shadows all! Ghosts of buried yesterdays. Echoes of forgotten lays, Love that walks in sunny ways, Through life's somber pall; Dreams of gladness|yet to bi1, Songs of summer leaves and sea, Music, too, o'er land and lea, Shadows all! Sfcadows an! Thoughts of trouble, time anJ years, Hopes of mirth and pain of tears, Anguish of unfounded fears, That forever call; Waves of sorrow, tides of sin, Jester's prank, or laughter's din, Fame that we aro yet to win, Shadows all! Shadows all! Life and death and leaf of spring, Bud and flower and grave of king, Poet's song of wounded wing, r 4.Uof> \.?L UliUd CLltl-J 1U.11, Fear of future, dread o? past, Hate of peasant, pride of caste, These, that neither fade nor last, Shadows all! ?Claude G. Whetstone. A JAPANESE DINNER. The dinner was given at thelvoyokan, a club-liouse in the city of Tokio, so | called from the abundance of maple trees | by which it is surrounded; koyo mean- j ing the red maple leaves of autumn, and ! kau meaning house. "We took oil our shoes at the door, and those who had not been suflicientlv nrov- : ident to bring with them a pair of wool | slippers, entered in their stocking feet. ; We were at once greeted by our host and hostess. Japanese ladies do not; often act the hostess at a dinner party, | but usually remain in the background. ! Our. friend, however, haviug traveled considerably in America and Europe, was a little advanced in his ideas and j gave his wife a wife's place. Several beautiful Japanese girls were ! in waiting, "who at once conducted us to 1 a spacious dining room on the second | floor. Going out on the piazza adjoining, we j saw in the distance the bay with its j calm blue waters, and white-winged VinfltQ" nnd tr? fhn rirrlif. TMVmnt-. Vnrri lipr peerless head losing itself in ambient j clouds; while at our feet lay a bewil- j derlng maze of dwelling houses, shops ! and temples. The floor of the porch was polished j smooth as marble,and the patterns in the ! lattice work were graceful Doinbiuations of maple leaves. As we re-entered the dining-room our I first impression was that of a vast empty apartment. The only visible signs of I preparation for our coming were the cushions upon which we were to sit, and the hibachi or tire bowls, over which we weie to toast our fingers. "We sat down upon the mats, trying hard to fold our limbs under us a la Japanese, but our attempts were tor tiie most part very j awkward. Then came some introductions. Our j host had invited two friends to meet us, Mr. and Mrs. Suyita. Mr. Suyita, being a Japanese of the old school and very ceremonious, bowed low, so low that his honorable nose quite kissed the floor; and remembering that when we are in Turkey we must do as the Turkeys do, j jvc endeavored to salute him in the same j formal manner. At length recovering our equilibrium j ? O 1C5UIJ1CU uui uiu jiuai LHJ11 Kill Ulf ILlllLS, ; tried to look comfortable, and began to ! study the details of our surroundings. The cushion? upon which we sat were covered J with beautiful dark-blue crepe relieved i here and there by branches of maple leave?, ! the rich October coloring making a ! striking but exquisite contrast with the 1 more somber background. Ttie mats | were marvelously tine, and so clean that ; one might suppose our party the first) that had ever assembled there. At one end of the room just above the j toko noma, or raised platform on which j all the ornaments of the room are placed, i was a kakemono, or picture scroll, the i work of a celebrated painter narhed ! Isanenobu, and very old. On this plat- j form stood a large vase of brown wicker work so wondrously line that at a little I distance it appeared like an elegant 1 bronze. In this vase were branches of' flowering plum and cherry arranged as ! only Japanese know how to arrange i rrv. :i; > ? iiuwcia. iuu utuiugb were panes oi cryptomeria, and without either paint or j varnish were beautiful enough for a: prince's palace. jf This immense room was divided by \ sliding clcors into three apartments. The i doors were covered with paper. Here, j too, was the prevailing pattern, for over the rich brown background of the paper | were maple-leaf designs in gold and j silver, and above the doors were paint- ! ings of maple branches with folingc of i scarlet, maroon, and every shade of ] green. On the opposite side of the ! room was another raised platform. Here ; also were two large vases, and in them Drancnes oi nowermg shrubs, some of j which were covered with lichens. A ; bronze ornament of rare workmanship j stood between, for which many a seeker j of curiosities would give hundreds of j dollars. Soon beautiful serving maids entered j and placed in front of us trays on which were tea and sweet-meats. In Jnnan the ! dessert comes first. The trays were ornamented with carvings of maple leaves, | the tea cups were painted in the same j design, and the cakes themselves were in ; the shape of maple leaves, with tints as i glowing, and shading almost as delicate j as though painted by the early frosts of autumn. "VVe ate some of the cakes and ! put some in our pockets to carry home. ! It is etiquette in Japan to take away a ! little of the confectionery, and paper is j often provided by the hostess in which j to wrap it. The native guests put their j packages in their sleeves, but our! sleeves were not sufficiently capacious to be utilized in this way. I have been told that ac foreign dinners given to Geueral Grant in Japan, some of the most dignified officials, in obedience to this custom, put bread and cake, and even butter and jeliy, into their sleeves X _ 1. to xaKG nomc. After our first course came a long interval during which we played games ond amused ourselves in various ways. At the end of this time dinner was an- i nounced. Once more we took our places on the cushions and silently waited, I wondering what would happen next. J Soon the charming waiters again appear- j ed and placed on the floor in front of each visitor a beautiful gold lacquer tray, on which was a covered bowl of fish soup, and a tiny cup of sake. Sake is a light wine distilled from rice, and is of about the strength of table cherry. A paper bag containing a pair of chop sticks also rested upon the tray; and ! taking the chopsticks out, we uncovered j our soup and began to look around to ! see how our Japanese friends were eat- j ing theirs. We slyly watched them for j a moment. It looked easy: we were | sure we could do it, and confidently at- j tempted totoke up some of the floating : morsels of fish: but no sooner did Vie j touch them, than they coyly floated off to the other side of the bowl. "We tried again, and again wc failed; and once ! again, but with no better success. At last our perseverance was partially rewarded, and with a veni-vidi-vici air we j conveyed a few solid fragments to our | mouths, drank a little of the soup, and then covcnng our bowl, as we saw outers do, we waited for something else to ( happen. In the meantime large china vessels of hot water had been brought in and our host kindly showed us their use. Emptying his sake cup, he rinsed it in the hot water, and then refilling it with wine, i presented it to a fiiend, who emptied his J cup, rinsed and refilled it in the same i way, and gave it in exchange for the one 1 he received. i The next course consisted of fish, i cakes made of chestnuts, and yams; the < third, of raw fish with a very pungent sauce; the fourth, of another kind of tish and ginger root. After this we were favored with music on the ningekin. This is a harp-like instrument giving forth a low wierd souni, utterly unlike anything I hve ever heard called music. The tifth course consisted of fish, ginger root, and "nori," a kind of seaweed. After this we had more music, this time on the koto. The koto is also something like a harp in appearance. The performer alwajs wears curious ivory tnimb!e-like arrangements on the tips of her fingers, and to my uneducated ear, the so-called music is merely a noise which any one could make. AYe r were next favored with singing. This, * too. was low and nlaintive. bearing about 8 the same resemblance to the singing of a I ? European that the cornstalk fiddle of a * country schoolboy bears to the rich mel- t low tones of a choice violin. This same siuging, however, is regarded a3 a great r accomplishment in Japan. The singer J on this occasion was a rare type of Japanese beauty, fair as a lily, with hands a and feet so delicate and shapely that she | was almost an object of envy. Iler coiffure, like the coiffures of all Japanese t women, was fearfu'ly and wonderfully t made. Iler dress was of the richest a crepe, quite long and very narrow, ^ opening in front to display a gorgeous ; petticoat, and with square flowing sleeves . that rcachcd almost to the floor. Iler obi, or girdle, was brocade stiff with 5 elegance, and probably cost more than all the rest of the costume. The mys- T A? ?1-?i 1. ? 1. a ICriCB Ui liiU VUJ UIIllUU uo KUUU 1U WU1UU it was tied in the back I did not pretend - ? to unravel. Her face and neck were powdered to ghostly whiteness, and her s lips painted a bright coral; altogether e she looked just like a picture, not like a ? real woman at all. v After this came another course consisting of fowl and fish stewed together j, in soiue incomprehensible way. There e was also an entree of pickled fish. The {. eighth course consisted of fish and a veg- -y cgtable similar to asparagus; the ninth n of rice and pickled daikon. Rice is the Si staple dish, and, according to Japanese g, custom, is served last. The daikon is a y vegetable somewhat resembling a radish, f It grows to an enormous size. Indeed it j is a common saying among vegetable c growers that one daikon grown in the c province of Owari, takes two men to j r?nrrv if- mirl fTinf fu'A fsofcnmn tnrni^Q i VW? 1 J i V| IUIU VUUV ?. M V tJU^UUIllU WU1 U1|IU JJ make a load for a pony. This sounds 0 somewhat incredible, and yet it is stated ? for a fact that a daikon was not long ago presented to the emperor which measured over six feet in girth. These mon- a ster turnips are generally sound to the ^ core; and to the Japanese they are an c exceeding delicate and palatable ailment; with us the odor of them alone is e sufficient to condemn them. v Last of all came tea, which was served a in the rice bowls without washing them. It The dinner lasted four hours; and when h at the close we attempted to rise from si the mats, our limbs were so stiff from a sitting too lone: in this uncomfortable position that we could hardly move. b We put on our shoes soon after, and i ti were then conducted round the grounds, si In the same enclosure was a summer s< rest-house for the mikado. We looked \\ inside for the slioji, or sliding doors, ^ were all open, and we could see the b whole length of the house. Ilere, as in d all Japanese houses, the mats were the tl only furniture. They were beautifully r< fine, and the rooms though empty were b attractive. ir After walking about for a little while ^ we went through a Ions calisthenicexer- tl cisc of bows ,and with warmest thanks to our kind host and hostess, f-towed t( ourselves away in jinrikishas, and rode ^ oil to our homes. " This of course is not a description of ^ an ordimry dinner in Japan. Indeed it .. was n verv extraordinary one ffiven in L " - - J o ' 1 honor of a party of Americans about to f return to the United States. The commou people dine with very little formal- D ity. Bread, beef, milk and butter are ^ unknown to them. They live principally on rice, tish, and vegetables, served ? in very simple fashion; and they cat so \ !! rapidly that dyspepsia is even more common in Japan than in America.?if. J. ,, IlolbrooJc, in Wide Awake. e l( The Delights or Hanging. The Detroit Tribune say3 that 1 'peopie who have been conscientiously op- '? posed to capital punishment by hanging because of tlie needless suffering it was supposed to entail upon the victim of the law's vengeance, will doubtless find P their convictions on the subject con-iderably shaken if they read the extensively published descriptions of an ex- 0 periment made by a corrageous English 7 investigator. ' This delver into the curious phases a of existence had long been possessed of n a desire to realize the sensations pro- | S duced by hanging, lie induced some . sympathetic friends to assist him in his 1 laudable experimentation, and accordingly he was strung up to a convenient ! rafter in* a barn with a regulation hangman's noose about his neck. ? "The sensations that followed he de- } scribes ecstatic and pleasurable in the extreme. lie fancied he was buoyantly floating without exertion upon a sea of oil, tinted with all the radiant colors of the rainbow. He saw in a transport of 0 indescribable delight that the new world f to which he had been transported was f "more beautiful than a poet's dream." c A Irkvnlv inland nf rrlorions emerald rolnr r rose from out the bosom of the oleagin- r ous sea, from which came a burst of the l most delieious harmony?music of the \ divinest sweetness. As he approached I } the shore troops of beautiful female be- f ings came joyously down to meet him on ^ the golden strands. Then ho opened his ] eyes and found his co-investigators vig- ! j orously engaged in pounding him in the \ back, "bouncing him up and down on the t hard floor, and otherwise endeavoring to a j lure him back to the prosaic details of \ ! mundane existence. That he was somewhat annoyed at being so hastily summoned from his oily bath and the companionship of the island beauties has no * influence upon the sociological value of f the case. The experiment was made and t the fact fully established that there is 1 nothing in life half so enjoyable as being e thoroughly hung." v BURIED ALIVE. Some Horrible Instance* of Premft ture Interment. That those supposed to be dead are often only in trance like conditions is evidenced by the numerous cases of recovery from apparent death on record. The following instances of the dangers of supposed death are related at random from a note-book. Some of these cases may be found in Walker and Chadwick's works on sepulture; others in various French and German periodicals: "Cardinal Somaglla was seized with a severe illness from extreme grief. He fell into a state of syncope, which lasted 30 long that the persons around thought him dead. Preparations were made to embalm the body. The embalmer had scarcely penetrated into the cardinal's :hest when the heart was seen to beat, rhe unfortunate patient who was returning to his senses at the moment had still intHcipnt strength to push awav the tnife of the surgeon, but too late, for ;hc lung had been mortally wounded, md the patient died in a most lamentable nanner." "Mr. B.. of Poitiers, fell suddenly nto a state resembling death. Every neans for bringing him back to life was lsed without interruption. His two ittle fingers were dislocated, and the ides of his feet were burnt; but, as lone of these procedures seemed to proluce any effect, they were on the point >f placing him in a coffin, when some me recommended bleeding from the irms and feef, and he, to the great asonishment of all, recovered from his ipparent state of death, and declared hat he had heard every word that had )een said, and that his only fear was hat he would be buried alive." "A frightful case of premature internent occurred not long since at Tonleins, in the lower Garonne. The vicim, a man in the prime of life, had only t few shovelfuls of dirt thrown in his :rave, when an indistinct noise was leard to proceed from his co3in. The jiavedigger, terrified beyond descripion, instantly fled to seek assistance, tnd some time elapsed before his return. I crowd collected in considerable ntira>ers around the gruve and insisted on he coffin being opened. As soon as the id was removed it was ascertained beond a doubt that the occupant had >een interred alive. His countenance ras frightfully contracted with the gony he had undergone; and, in his trusties, the unhappy man had forced lis arms completely out of the winding licet in which they had been securely nvelopcd. A physician was on the t pot and opened a vein. No blood folowed. The sufferer from inhumation ras beyond the reach of medical art." ''In October, 1837, Mr. Dechamps. an ^habitant of Lyons, France, died at the nd of a short indisposition. His obscuies were ordered for the next day. Vtien the coffin lid was about to be . ailed down at the funeral the corpse ! at upright in its shroud and asked for ometliing to eat. The persons present rere about to run away in terror, as rom a phantom, but were reassured by vi K v.. V-J 1 :i /ecuumps IIIJLllSl'll, WJLIU littU 1C overed from his legargic sleep. Due are was bestowed on him, and he lived, ifter his recovery he stated that he had eard ail that passed around him withut being able to make any movement or ive any expression to his sensations." "A midwife of the commune of Paulan, Francc, waa believed to be dead, nd was put in a coffin. At the end of wenty-four hours she was carried to the hurch, and from thence to the ceme3rv. But during its progress the bearrs felt some movement in the coffin, ,-hen they found the unfortunate woman live. She had merely fallen into a jgargy. She was carried back to her ome, but in consequence of the shock tie received, only survived the horrib'c ccident a few days." "At Bergerac, on the 27th of Decerner, 1842, a man who suffered from con1 1 a - r a _? 1, ? .LIUill wttul/ Ui tticcp luun. a jjuliuu jjic* :ribed by a physician; the patient slept 3 soundly that he could not be wakened, rhich caused so much , anxiety that he 'as bled, the blood fiowiug feebly drop y drop. Finally he was declared to be ead. At the expiration of a few days 10 potion given to the gentleman was jmembered, aDd an uneasy suspicion eing entertained that the medicine light have caused apparent death, led lie family to exhume the body. "When de coffin was opened the horrible fact as apparent to all present. His disced limbs showed how powerful had een his struggle. He had turned around 1 his.collin and suffered long." "Mirl.im "Tl T?nf? ?qinr. .T^nn n.*ipn_ 'ranee, appeared to expire after a long Iness on the 17th of February, 1843. 'he last functions of preparing the body it the tomb were performed during the ight. On Thursday morning the coffin as brought in, and as the two underxkers were placing the corpsc in, it woke from a profound lethargy. Madam j now iu a state of health which leaves ttle to hope." Dr. Gordon Smith, in his book on 'Forensic Medicine," slates: <lI was an ye-witness of an instance inacelebra^d city on the continent where a poor roman, yet aiive, was solemnly ushered 3 the margin of the grave in broad day, nd whose interment would undoubtedly avc occured save for the interposition f bystanders." The daughter of Henry Laurens, first resident of the American Congress, | rhcn an infant was laid out as dead. Vhen the window of the room was pened for ventilation the fresh nir reived the supposed corpse and restored er to her family. This produced such profound impression on Laurens that he nade a will, in which he implored his hildren to cremate his body as a solemn luty, so great was his dread of a living utcrmcnt. In 18GS, Martin Strong, of Twelfth treet, Philadelphia, was put in a coffin or burial upon the death certificate of )r. Gumming. Mr. Strong still lives, >ut made a narrow escape. ? Cincinnati 'Inquirer. Watery Wonders oT Utah. There is in the extreme north of Utah i magnificent subterrauean reservoir of irst-cla>s soda water, bubbling and efervcscing out of the ground in such juantities that all America might be sup>lied. In the extreme south, on the oad to Orderville, is an exquisite circuar lakelet that is always just full to the >rim with water as clear und as green as >eryl. And wherever the water overlows the lake's edge it encrusts the jround and the grass and the fallen eaves upon it with a fine coating of imestone, so that the briin is growing ligher and higher with the irapercepible but certain growth of a ccral reef, ind in the course of generations the lake vill become a concreted basin. Compresses wet with a decoction of hirty part3 of valerian root and 100 >arts of water are used by a French sur;eon in dressing wounds. It hastens he healing, relieves the pain, and is specially valuable in deep-seated vounds. I AN IMMENSE BAKER?! T" li How the *tafl of I.lfe la IQade Ins Big- Establishment. V A New York World reporter who has been through an immense Brooklyn j( bakery?the largest in the city?says: ^ Here bread is turned out by the teu y j thousand loaves and enough is made ^ ! daily to supply the wants of many a j, thriving village. The proprietor of "the w bakery was kind enough to conduct the c, reporter all through the various depart- ^ ments and explain the whole process of bread making, from the time the barrels ^ of flour arc rolled in and hoisted by ele- |( vators to the loft to the hour when the bread is delivered to the retail stores all ^ iL _ _ ? i__. | over iae city. The two upper floors are used for the : storage of the flour. They will hold about 30,000 barrels and arc piled in f great tiers and laken down again at the rate of 300 barrels a day to be worked up into bread. The lower floor is used n for the delivery of the finished product. S In one part is a blacksmith's shop for r< the repair of the wagons and harnesses ir and the making of horseshoes. The tl stable for the horses occupies the half of another block a few hundred feet awny. S In order to make the business lucrative li the scale on which tlie work is done be- z< | ing so larjje that the margin of prolit is ai very small, it must be as self-sustaining r( as possible. Hence the firm has its own c< stables, its own wagons and its own re- st pair shops. In fact nearly everything is tl done by the establishment except the b growing of the wheat and the grinding it of the flour. That is bought already in w barrels as it comes from the West. c< The lower floor was covered with lit- h; tie carts on wheels to transfer the boxes tc of fresh-made loaves fiom one part of ic the building to another. There is about 13 | an acre and a half of ground UDder roof g; and every inch is economized. One lit- as tie room k used for the sale of bread Ii returned from the retail bakeries, a sign ai conspicuously posted stating that "no rc- a turned bread more than one day old will w be allowed for." That which is loss than $( one day old is taken back at full rates cc and sold in the little room at half price, cl Crowds of people from the neighboring a tenement houses were squeezing in to Ir purcluse the rejected bread. This wa3 ta being emptied from the large crates- 4 ir feet by 2 and about 2$- feet deep and oi rapidly transferred to barrels, whence it re was sold over the counter. nc In the basement ail the preliminary tc processes of mixing and kneading are fr carried on, wliilc around under the side- Bi walks are the immense oven3. The flour lo is first poured into great mixing pans, six barrels at a time. The pans are of tli iron, about eight feet in diameter and ti> four feet deep. Two bent bars of iron, ni Y-shaped and connected with machinery Jc that rises in a cylinder in the centei of w the pan, serve to mix the dough. They w are moved in a peculiar manner up and av down and through every part of the qi pasty mixture, thoroughly comming- w ling all its components. fif The yeast is made in a small room and A transferred to large cullenders, where a en little salt and milk and water is added SI in varying proportions accordiug lo the style of bread desired. Then it is shaken gi up with a little llourand finally squeezed en by hand through the holes in the bottom fe of the cullender into the mixing pans, lil Then the machinery is started, the great to iron bars begin to revolve, and the pasty tr mass is stirred for a little while until it attains the proper consistency. In this ac maimer six barrels of flour can be made w up Into dough in from twolve to four- a teen minutes. The flour is emptied from sa the barrels into bins on the floors above of and falls through wooden shutes into the pans beneath. th After the dough is properly mixed the at machinery is stopped and the two strong av knenders who stand by begin to punch 0 and mold the dough into round masses a? about three feet in diameter. It then sticks together pretty firmly, like a large CI lump of molasses candy. Then with a P< jerk the men lift the ball of dough and P* throw it into a large trough standing H near by. These troughs arc exactly like fa wooden washtubs on wheels. The dough d< is- thrown in, ball after ball, until the is trough is full. It sinks down aud coal- tb csccs into one mass even with the top of c? the tub. There it standsuntil "proved," 1" about four or five hours. The weather pi has much to do with the process. In la cold weather warm water is used to mix en the dough and in hot summer seasons te ice-water must be employed. tl The kneading rooms are about a hun- E drcd feet square, all open underneath, and a large shaft about forty by twenty tr feet with brick walls gives air and light. I pi There are several party walls with iron j tli doors, so that tlie different sections may P< be isolated in case of fire. The upper di floors arc separated by walls into so Tl many different buildings,and they could j be turned into dwelling houses, a3 their j outside appcarar.cc indicates. I CJ The weather causes the length of time I fnr "nrnvine" to varv fiom four to six | n< r*w r* -- J . hours. At!he end of this time the | ai dough is taken out in small quantities j m and transferred to tables, where thirty : la or forty kneadcrs make it up into loaves I 'a of the proper shape. Then it is placed | 01 in shallow pans and stands a short time j tl for further "proving" in high wooden , I? crales with shelves, each crate holding j tc forty or fifty pans. I V There arc forty ovcr.s around the build- j lo ing, under the sidewalk. Each one is c: about twelve feet square and one foot or eighteen inches high. In each oven can C( be baked from forty to a hundred loaves, m Some can hold nearly three hundred of f<the smaller kinds. This part of the c' work is done by hand. In fact machincry is just beginning to be used in ; si the business. One of the large mixers I if in the establishment visited came from ! a Cannstatt, in Germany. Tiie others were j fl' of Canadian make. None arc yet made ; in the United States. I Another machine for what is cnlled is "patented bread" was seen in operation, tl The dough, after proving, wa3 put into ai a hopper and passed through large j II rollers, which made it into a flat mass, ; tl a* if for pie-crust, but considerably tl thicker. Then it passed under a stamper, j w which cut it out in squares about ten inches j ai by five. "When running full 8p?:cd i si and fed with fresli dough all the time, j A about forty loaves a minute can be cut j a lw tbo mjirliinr*. Thou the suuarc pieces o arc taken and rolled round, the edges ; I' touching nnd forming the bottom of ( o the loaf. They are next put in pans, i b and proved the same as the other loaves h all made by hand. The ovens are lircd [ 0 up every day about 5 o'clock and kept p going about twelve or thirteen hours,the T process of baking being continuously g kept up during the whole time. r< After the baking the bread is taken p into the large room in the centre of the n building, put in the little carts on wheels p already described and hoisted by means CI of elevators to the delivery room above, ci There were three steam e'levators nnd six c: hand elevators for use iu case the ma- ai chinery gave way. They take up none w of the working room, having no railings or supports, and when not in use each one being level with and forming part n of the floor. The main delivery room was sixty-seven feet by 100,though the whole lloor is j "W sed for details of the delivery. J^ong me3 of carts stood ready for the mornag work, several of them on a large aised platform, where thoy were being rashea. The work never stops, Sundays or hol3ays. night or day. Some part of the usiness is always being done. The east room is like a small brewery. The usiest time is at 4 o'clock in the morn ig, when the full lorce ot men are at fork. The drivers are all in with thoir arts ready for the morning loads and the akers have not yet left. More bread is sold in .summer than in 'inter, but the actual amount eaten is ; :s3. The reason is that more is wasted 1 summer. The hot weather causes tho read to get stale quicker. CHINESE TRADES UNIONS. 'rices Prevailin&r Amous: Chinese Workmen in America. Gong Han, th9 president of the Chiese Laundrymen's Union of the United tates, has been giving a New York cor unnnrlpnf-. nf tlifi filiieam Herald some lformation about trades unions among le Chinese. lie says: "The working classes of the United tates?in fact, the entire American pubc?have not yet learned that the Chiese are better trades unionists than they re, aud th;it the Mongolion workman ;ceives better wages than his civilized slleague. This statement may seem :rauge, yet it is the truth. In a body ! lat correspond? to the New York cham- ' er of commerce we keep labor statistics ' i regard to aimost every industry in i hich our race is interested. On oc- ] sunt of the anti-Chinese agitation we ave compiled similar figures in regard ) American industries. In nearly every istance the Chinese obtain larger wages, eside this, Chinese employers usually iv? board an:l lodgingto their employes s well as wages. Let us compare notes. 1 the grocery trade Americans (and they e chiefly Germans; pay from $4 to ?15 week. Their clerks average $6.00 a cek. Chinese grocers pay from ) to $22 a week and one per cent. >mmission on all goods sold by the erk. Their clerks average $12.50 week. In the Troy laundries the iah washerwoman receive from $5 i $9 a week and average $6. The oners get a little more, but average lly $0.50. Neither washers uor ironers ceive board nor lodging. In the Chi:se laundries washers receive from $5 > $12 a week, and average S9; ironers om $10 to $21, and average $13.50. oth receive in addition their board and dging. "As to barbers, the Americans have ie Italian shops, where a shave costs fe cents, the ordinary shop at ten, the ce ones at fifteen, and a few at twenty, mrneyman s wages run irom $-? a weeK, liich is paid to the Italians, to 318, hich is paid to first-class meu. They ) eragc ?11 a week. In the Chinese larter a shave costs twenty-five cents, ! itli what you might call a shampoo, 1 ty, and with shampoo and massage, $1. ] n oriental employer .can, therefore, ,?ily a [lord to pay the average wages of ] 0 a week. "With apothecaries the contrast is far eater, and in this respect we orientals ,n justly style you barbarians. A pro- 1 ssiou which involves your health and 1 !c ought certainly to pay high salaries 1 1 it3 clerks, who arc educated and 1 ainfid men. Yet the salaries run from I up, and seldom if ever exceed $20, 1 id average the miserabla sum of $9 a " eek. A Chinese drug clerk receives j 1 similar education and training, but his , 1 lary averages $20 a week, not to speak j 1 his commissions. | 1 Good native cooks may bo obtained in j ic intelligence offices of the great cities fiora .$10 to $40 a month. Tliey i rerage, I am told, $15 a month, ur cock3 run from $30 to $80, and averse $43. "In mere manual labor many poor tiinese have worked for a small com- 1 msation, but never so small as what is lid to Italian 'navvies' in Now York, ungarian coal miners, ;ind Slavonian t in hands. Even when my countrymen ] ) accept employment on such terms it merely to save up a little money and | icn enter some other industry. Our j garmnkers work at the same rates as st-class Havatina hands. They are em- ] oyed in the great factories in Muiden . ne and the Bowery. Not a Chinamac in he found who will work under the ( nement house system now followed in ic large citics by thousands of pauper uropeam. "So much for wages. In regard to ades unions we have a number of com- ' icatcd systems. One is what we term tc family system. The half-billion ' >pulation of the middle kingdom are ' ividod into a few hundred families. ; hesc are indicated by the first or family ] une. Of this such names as Wong, ' Be, Yung, Lum, and JVIoy, are fail ' [amples. A Yfong who is in trouble i \ jes to another Wong, whom he may jver have seen or heard of, and obtains d. The tiling done may be the loan of , onev, the giving of a meal, the ob- ; iniug of employment, intercession iu w, or the like. It represents an hon- I ' able obligation, which at some time I | le person obligated is bound to repay. | ; 1 this way I have known a poor man ! ? travel from Che-Li in the north of hina to New York city. Each trade is cally organized with us as with Ameri-1 ' ma. Our organizations go further,how- ' , ,'cr, and possess features that in this , >untry characterize masonic bodies. A ] ember who falls sick is nursed by his illow members, is provided with medi- ' nc, diet, and physician by the union, id when destitute through a lengthy J ckness is even supplied with food, liment, and even funds. I question if 1 trades union in Europe or America ' c>cs th'i same. Jievond all this there is ; ith us a distinct recognition of the lea of duty. An oriental employer morally bound to look aftei ' le welfare?physical, pecuniary 1 id spiritual?of his employes. !c should admonish them when iey go in wrong courses; teach lem how to use money and accumulate eallhjsoc that they are neat, clean, 5 id careful in person and dress, lie, in iort, stands in tho position of a father. . similar relation is borne by a senior to junior in a famdy union and by the lliccrs of a trades union to its members, eyond family and trades unions are ther great organizations for men who, clonging to different trades or callings ave similar tastes, desires, or needs, 'nc of these is quasi-political, and is , robably the largest society in the world, lie strength and activity of these orunizations was shown in the Tai-Ping | ibeliion, when, without telegraph, and ractically no mail service, thousands of icu revolted in a few days and the emcror was compelled to call in Chinese ordon and 1,000 European soldiers to rush the insurrection. When Aincrims understand and know our people d customs this anti-Chinese agitation ill die out altogether." The innocence of the intention abates othing of the mischief of the example. The plant of happiness cannot thrive ithout the air of cheerfulness. WORDS OP WISDOM. Pride that dines on vanity sups on contempt. Never contract a friendship with a man that is not better than thyself. "We ought to attempt no more than what is in the compass of our genius, and according to our vein. A friendship that makes the least noise is very often the most useful; for which reason we should prefer a prudent friend to a zealous one. To know the pains of power we mu9t go to those who have it; to know the pleasures we must go to those who are seeking it; the pains of power are real, its pleasures imaginary. He that does good to another man does also good to himself; not only in the consequence, but in the very act of doing it: for the conscience of welldoing i3 an ample reward. Deep feeling is contagious. Words poured forth from burning hearts are sure to kindle the hearts of others. Hearts that can stand everything else hre often melted by a tear. Our great thoughts, or great affections, the truths of our life, never leave us. Surely they cannot separate from our consciousness, shall follow it whithersoever that shall go, and are of their na ture divine and immortal. The very events in your lives which seemed at the -time most trying, most vexing, most disastrous, have been those which were most necessary for you, to call out what was good in you, and to purge out what was bad. Life iii Labrador. Summer is the Labradorian's harvest time. His hunting grouuds arc the seas about his own coast and the shores of ' A.nticosti. This island, enveloped by I fogs, encircled by sunken rocks, swept by hurricanes, and surrounded by furious currents, is the horror of all mariners. Within the last ten years, one hundred and three ships and three thousand lives have been lost on its treacherous shores. A. few years ago some Canadians made an attempt to settle on it, intending to make fortunes in fishing and hunting. One was to be a sort of king, with bears and gulls for his subjects. But the scheme fell through, and the bears ire still sole lords of the island. During the nine months of winter the Labra3orian is idle. In his rough board hovel 1 perched on a rocky ledge, with hurricanes howling around it, rocking it to its foundations, and the trampling surf thundering on the rocks below,he spends 1 bis dreary days. Sometimes, weather permitting, he and his friends have social gatherings?collect at one another's bouses, and there, steaming and jovial, pass the evening in rude revelry, which usually degenerates into a general fight. Then pandemonium reigns; the infuriated partisans swear and.shout; the dogs penned in a narrow space between the floor and the ground, engage in deadly battles; the tide of war causes the floor to heave like the waves of the sea. These dogs are a prominent feature of Labrador life. They are the only means the Labradorians have of traveling great distances, for in the three thousand miles of Labrador coast there is not one mile Df made road, and many of the inhabitants have never seen a horse, and would flee from one as a devil. Sled-dogs sometimes make from ninety to one hundred miles a day, but sledding has its AiiovfaiPrt yifl fom nor UI3dU v ail lu^co kuw Ijuai iwiov*uw iib>a|/vi of the dog is known. When two teams meet, the twelve dogs, by common consent, dash at each other, regardless of the whips of the men and the shrieks of the women, and engage in a fierce struggle. Sometimes they can be separated; but when two dojrs meet who have a long-cherished grudge against each other they fight till one or both lie dead on the snow. Sledding in Labrador is an cxciting method of locomotion. With June comes the breaking up of the ice; the air is filled with sudden reports caused by the bursting of icebergs, the fisherman hauls out his net and launches his boat, and from the bastions of the cliff the veterans watch the horizon for the first sclioo's of mackerel. Thus the brief summer becrins. and for three months all is life and bustle; but with September comes winter, and all Labrador relapses into nine months of dreary inactivity.?Argonaut. Importance of Bee (,'ultnre. Professor A. J. Cook, of Michigan, 5fiys plant3 pour out their nectar as o 3ort of free coffee or lunch to attract bees ind other insects to the most important work in vegetable economy, the work of fertilization, which largely depends upon insects, and without which full fruitage is impossible. The simple work of gathering nectar then is indirectly of great sconomic importance. This nectar,. which tho bees convert into honey, would be wholly lost without them. Only the honey-bees are abundant early in the season, and they alone save this valuable food element for man's jood The activity of bees is wonderful. By actual observation single Sowers are sometimes visited by bees fifty times a day, and bees have been seen to visit over twenty flowers a minute. L. C. Koot, of Mohawk, N. Y.-, extracted 1,103 pounds of honey on July 23, collected from basswood, which had all been gathered by forty colonies of bees in just seven days. This is over . 100 pounds per colony, and the daily stores rjf cach colony exceeded fourteen pounds. During the same time there was secured at the Michigan college nearly half as much beautiful comb honey from 3ingle colonies. An excellent Michigan farmer who has kept bees six or seven years, and who for the last three years has had from sixty to eighty coion:es, reports the cash receipts from these bees during each of the last three years to exceed those of the entire balance of his farm. ? Cultivator. A Much Disgusted Dog. . i ->? .q ? A ludicrous llKJIUCIIk uuuujiuu at a rabbit liuat near Hobokcn, N. J. The hound started the "cottontail" in a piece of short brush on a side hill. The hunter could witness the race at a great distance. and soon saw the rabbit making a circle. As he appeared emerging from the brush he was seen to stop suddenly. On rushed the hound, and as he lowered his head to seize the little animai tl.Q ! rabbit gave a spring to one side, and the \ dog doubled up like a ball. While he was I letting himself out the rabbit was mak- | trig tirno on the back track. The hound wa? soon in full pursuit again, but the rabbit led the dog to where two saplings grew close together from an old root. IIo then stopped before and waited until the dog was almost upon him, when he leaped between the two saplings, while the dog attempted to follow. Hut there was barely room for the rabbit, nnd the hound was caught in the crotch and badly injured. The rabbit turned and looked at his enemy a minute and was soon lost in the thicket. The dog started immediately for home and no amount of coaxing could induce him to continue the hunt.?New YorJi I Times. j POPULAR SCIENCE. Masses of deep-sea coral, many tons is weight, which were torn trom their ocean bed by the volcanic explosion in Sunda Straits two years ago, may now be seen two or three miles inland, whither they were borne by the tidal wave. The water in the gulf of Bothnia i* reported to be falling qiiite rapidly. Oneproof of this is the fact that a large stone on the Swedish coast now ris??^ three feet above water at mean tide^-^ while fifty years ago it was barely visible N at lowest tide. Some experiments in London recently showed that the native English fishe* are unable to survive in water heated much, if any, in excess of 80 degrees, yet in the low country of India and Burmah streams are filled with fish where the water becomes from ten to fifteen degrees hotter than this every noonday. In a new French apparatus the heat of the sun falling upon metallic plates tightly covering a thin layer of a volatile * liquid, like ammonia, is combined with the natural coolness of water to generate nnwoi' fnp iMimni'nrr W1 t"Vi nlnfoQ hnvinflr .. .V- r ? ?, a surface of forty square yards such an apparatus would hourly raise 792 gallons of water sixty-five feet in warm climates, and at Auteuil raises over 300 gallons per hour. Ciro Ferrari and Yon Bezold have observed that very extensive thunderstorms are often attended at their rear by small but well marked depressions, and that the anterior margin of a thunderstorm form the boundary between a region of high pressure and one of low prassurc. Ia the country visited by the storm the rain districts assume the form of eclipses whose major axes are almost parallel to the direction of the storm.' Hail forms long, narrow bands coinciding in direction "with that of the prevalent wind. . Regarding typhoons the government astronomer of Hong Kong states that the signs of these phenomena in the China seas are clouds of the cirrus type, looking like fine hair, feathers, or small whit* tufts of wool traveling from east to north, a slight rise in the barometer, - ? 3 clear and dry, but not weatner, ana uga& winds. These portents are followed by a falling barometer, while the temperature rises still further. The air bccomesoppressive from increasing dampness,and the sky presents a vaporous and threat-. ening appearance. -, -' ^ Draining Ponds for Carp. The carp culture in the highlands of central France is a form of industry which merits a good deal more attention and imitation than it has hitherto obtained. On that high plateau there are ponds of all sizes, many of them largeenough to be dignified by the more- : grandiloquent name of lakes, but to the country people they are one and all "etangs" and nothing more. These ponds are one of the chief sources of wealth of the country, which is mostly but poor soil for cultivation, as a great part of it has recently been reclaimed from moorland and heather. These4 ponds are stocked with carp, and once-- \ every three years a great fishing takes place. All the able-bodied men of the country-side are engaged for a certain Haw in October to meet at one of the ponds; that on the highest level being taken first. The sluices * of the pond are opened three dayspreviously, and the water allowed to run gradually off, leaving the bed of* deep mud which seems to be one of the necessaries of carp existence. When there is ODly a thin rill of water lefttrickling down the centre of the erstwhile pond, the fishing begins. On all sides the carp lie floundering, panting, gasping on the expanse of mud; in someplaces the fish are two or three deep on top of one another. The number of carp in these ponds is something quite extraordinary; they do not seem to suffer in* dividualiy from their great numbers, for the fish are remarkably line and heavy. The men wade through the mud, catching the carp by the gills, and flinging, them on the bank. There they areweighed by "men who have co.ne with carts from the nearest town to buy the fish, and after the weighing the carp are packed among straw in the carts as tightly as possible. "When the carts are full they return to the town, and the carp are then placed in tanks. A carp takes a good deal of killing, and, though be- ing tightly packed in straw for a whole day and jolted down hill for perhaps four hours, may strike him as a uovel experi ence, it does not do him the very lease harm; and as soon as he is released from durance vile and placed in the tanks, horesumes the even tenor of his way. ? Saturday Heview. Dome of the "Washington Capitol. I heard the other day some curiousfacts about the dome of the capitol at. Washington. It is said that there was a statue of ancient Egypt called Memnon, which whispered sweet words of melody to the sun as he appeared abovo the horizon, and sang him to sleep every n:ght with weird lullabies. The grand, haughty Goddess of Liberty on top of the dome has a heart of bronze, but a good heart for all that, and one filled with true old Virginia courtesy. She has not yet picked up enough courage to attempt to do the prima donna act, but every morning the good dame courte * 1 ?Itnoinlra in SIC 1 1)0 ?116 3U1J, mm vriiula uw oiuutj iu vmv West she again courtesies, bat without turning around. Some time since Architect Clark suspended a plummet line from the interior of the dome, and it was found by actual measurement the lead swung 4+inches, making a total dip out of the perpendicular of inches. This is caused by the alternate contraction and expansion of the iron. A ludicrous mistake which occurred last year may be mentioned in this connection. The co.ist survey had in charge the surveying of the river front preparatory to locating the line for the reclamation of the Potomac flats. The top of the dome was taken as one point of the surveyor's triangle in estimating ccrtain distances. The calculations thus arrived at were found to sadly differ almost every day, aud much swearing and perplexed thinking upon the part of the brilliant engineers'were indulged in before the dipping of the dome was - - ' ji - x ? . a brought to mind. Alter mat tuc lop oi the Washington monument did unceasing duty as a mathematic guiding star. ?Boston Budget. "The Tune the Old Cow Died Of." In Scotland and the north of Ireland this saying is very common in the mouths of the peasantry, though all who use it may not understand its origin. It arose out of an old song:? There was an old man, aul ho had an old cow, And he had nothing togivo her; So he took out his liddle aud played her a tune? Consider, good cow, consider: This is 110 time of year for the grass to growr Consider, good cow, consiiioi! The old cow died of hunger, and when any grotesquely melancholy song or tune is uttered the north couutrv people say, "That is the tuue the old co\7 died uf."?Lo.nlon Agricultural Gazette,