The Abbeville press and banner. (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, December 02, 1885, Image 2
SHADOWS ALL.
1 Shadows all!
Ghosts of buried yesterdays.
Echoes of forgotten lays,
Love that walks in sunny ways,
Through life's somber pall;
Dreams of gladness|yet to bi1,
Songs of summer leaves and sea,
Music, too, o'er land and lea,
Shadows all!
Sfcadows an!
Thoughts of trouble, time anJ years,
Hopes of mirth and pain of tears,
Anguish of unfounded fears,
That forever call;
Waves of sorrow, tides of sin,
Jester's prank, or laughter's din,
Fame that we aro yet to win,
Shadows all!
Shadows all!
Life and death and leaf of spring,
Bud and flower and grave of king,
Poet's song of wounded wing,
r 4.Uof>
\.?L UliUd CLltl-J 1U.11,
Fear of future, dread o? past,
Hate of peasant, pride of caste,
These, that neither fade nor last,
Shadows all!
?Claude G. Whetstone.
A JAPANESE DINNER.
The dinner was given at thelvoyokan,
a club-liouse in the city of Tokio, so |
called from the abundance of maple trees |
by which it is surrounded; koyo mean- j
ing the red maple leaves of autumn, and !
kau meaning house.
"We took oil our shoes at the door, and
those who had not been suflicientlv nrov- :
ident to bring with them a pair of wool |
slippers, entered in their stocking feet. ;
We were at once greeted by our host
and hostess. Japanese ladies do not;
often act the hostess at a dinner party, |
but usually remain in the background. !
Our. friend, however, haviug traveled
considerably in America and Europe,
was a little advanced in his ideas and j
gave his wife a wife's place.
Several beautiful Japanese girls were !
in waiting, "who at once conducted us to 1
a spacious dining room on the second |
floor.
Going out on the piazza adjoining, we j
saw in the distance the bay with its j
calm blue waters, and white-winged
VinfltQ" nnd tr? fhn rirrlif. TMVmnt-. Vnrri lipr
peerless head losing itself in ambient j
clouds; while at our feet lay a bewil- j
derlng maze of dwelling houses, shops !
and temples.
The floor of the porch was polished j
smooth as marble,and the patterns in the !
lattice work were graceful Doinbiuations
of maple leaves.
As we re-entered the dining-room our I
first impression was that of a vast empty
apartment. The only visible signs of I
preparation for our coming were the
cushions upon which we were to sit, and
the hibachi or tire bowls, over which we
weie to toast our fingers. "We sat down
upon the mats, trying hard to fold our
limbs under us a la Japanese, but our
attempts were tor tiie most part very j
awkward.
Then came some introductions. Our j
host had invited two friends to meet us,
Mr. and Mrs. Suyita. Mr. Suyita, being
a Japanese of the old school and very
ceremonious, bowed low, so low that
his honorable nose quite kissed the floor;
and remembering that when we are in
Turkey we must do as the Turkeys do, j
jvc endeavored to salute him in the same j
formal manner.
At length recovering our equilibrium j
? O 1C5UIJ1CU uui uiu jiuai LHJ11 Kill Ulf ILlllLS, ;
tried to look comfortable, and began to !
study the details of our surroundings. The
cushion? upon which we sat were covered J
with beautiful dark-blue crepe relieved i
here and there by branches of maple leave?, !
the rich October coloring making a !
striking but exquisite contrast with the 1
more somber background. Ttie mats |
were marvelously tine, and so clean that ;
one might suppose our party the first)
that had ever assembled there.
At one end of the room just above the j
toko noma, or raised platform on which j
all the ornaments of the room are placed, i
was a kakemono, or picture scroll, the i
work of a celebrated painter narhed !
Isanenobu, and very old. On this plat- j
form stood a large vase of brown wicker
work so wondrously line that at a little I
distance it appeared like an elegant 1
bronze. In this vase were branches of'
flowering plum and cherry arranged as !
only Japanese know how to arrange i
rrv. :i; > ?
iiuwcia. iuu utuiugb were panes oi
cryptomeria, and without either paint or j
varnish were beautiful enough for a:
prince's palace.
jf This immense room was divided by \
sliding clcors into three apartments. The i
doors were covered with paper. Here, j
too, was the prevailing pattern, for over
the rich brown background of the paper |
were maple-leaf designs in gold and j
silver, and above the doors were paint- !
ings of maple branches with folingc of i
scarlet, maroon, and every shade of ]
green. On the opposite side of the !
room was another raised platform. Here ;
also were two large vases, and in them
Drancnes oi nowermg shrubs, some of j
which were covered with lichens. A ;
bronze ornament of rare workmanship j
stood between, for which many a seeker j
of curiosities would give hundreds of j
dollars.
Soon beautiful serving maids entered j
and placed in front of us trays on which
were tea and sweet-meats. In Jnnan the !
dessert comes first. The trays were ornamented
with carvings of maple leaves, |
the tea cups were painted in the same j
design, and the cakes themselves were in ;
the shape of maple leaves, with tints as i
glowing, and shading almost as delicate j
as though painted by the early frosts of
autumn. "VVe ate some of the cakes and !
put some in our pockets to carry home. !
It is etiquette in Japan to take away a !
little of the confectionery, and paper is j
often provided by the hostess in which j
to wrap it. The native guests put their j
packages in their sleeves, but our!
sleeves were not sufficiently capacious to
be utilized in this way. I have been
told that ac foreign dinners given to
Geueral Grant in Japan, some of the
most dignified officials, in obedience to
this custom, put bread and cake, and
even butter and jeliy, into their sleeves
X _ 1.
to xaKG nomc.
After our first course came a long interval
during which we played games
ond amused ourselves in various ways.
At the end of this time dinner was an- i
nounced. Once more we took our places
on the cushions and silently waited, I
wondering what would happen next. J
Soon the charming waiters again appear- j
ed and placed on the floor in front of each
visitor a beautiful gold lacquer tray,
on which was a covered bowl of fish
soup, and a tiny cup of sake. Sake is a
light wine distilled from rice, and is of
about the strength of table cherry. A
paper bag containing a pair of chop
sticks also rested upon the tray; and !
taking the chopsticks out, we uncovered j
our soup and began to look around to !
see how our Japanese friends were eat- j
ing theirs. We slyly watched them for j
a moment. It looked easy: we were |
sure we could do it, and confidently at- j
tempted totoke up some of the floating :
morsels of fish: but no sooner did Vie j
touch them, than they coyly floated off
to the other side of the bowl. "We tried
again, and again wc failed; and once
! again, but with no better success. At
last our perseverance was partially rewarded,
and with a veni-vidi-vici air we
j conveyed a few solid fragments to our
| mouths, drank a little of the soup, and
then covcnng our bowl, as we saw outers
do, we waited for something else to (
happen.
In the meantime large china vessels of
hot water had been brought in and our
host kindly showed us their use. Emptying
his sake cup, he rinsed it in the hot
water, and then refilling it with wine, i
presented it to a fiiend, who emptied his J
cup, rinsed and refilled it in the same i
way, and gave it in exchange for the one 1
he received. i
The next course consisted of fish, i
cakes made of chestnuts, and yams; the <
third, of raw fish with a very pungent
sauce; the fourth, of another kind of
tish and ginger root. After this we
were favored with music on the ningekin.
This is a harp-like instrument
giving forth a low wierd souni, utterly
unlike anything I hve ever heard called
music. The tifth course consisted of
fish, ginger root, and "nori," a kind of
seaweed.
After this we had more music, this
time on the koto. The koto is also
something like a harp in appearance.
The performer alwajs wears curious
ivory tnimb!e-like arrangements on the
tips of her fingers, and to my uneducated
ear, the so-called music is merely
a noise which any one could make. AYe r
were next favored with singing. This, *
too. was low and nlaintive. bearing about 8
the same resemblance to the singing of a I ?
European that the cornstalk fiddle of a *
country schoolboy bears to the rich mel- t
low tones of a choice violin. This same
siuging, however, is regarded a3 a great r
accomplishment in Japan. The singer J
on this occasion was a rare type of Japanese
beauty, fair as a lily, with hands a
and feet so delicate and shapely that she |
was almost an object of envy. Iler coiffure,
like the coiffures of all Japanese t
women, was fearfu'ly and wonderfully t
made. Iler dress was of the richest a
crepe, quite long and very narrow, ^
opening in front to display a gorgeous ;
petticoat, and with square flowing sleeves .
that rcachcd almost to the floor. Iler
obi, or girdle, was brocade stiff with 5
elegance, and probably cost more than
all the rest of the costume. The mys- T
A? ?1-?i 1. ? 1. a
ICriCB Ui liiU VUJ UIIllUU uo KUUU 1U WU1UU
it was tied in the back I did not pretend - ?
to unravel. Her face and neck were
powdered to ghostly whiteness, and her s
lips painted a bright coral; altogether e
she looked just like a picture, not like a ?
real woman at all.
v
After this came another course consisting
of fowl and fish stewed together j,
in soiue incomprehensible way. There e
was also an entree of pickled fish. The {.
eighth course consisted of fish and a veg- -y
cgtable similar to asparagus; the ninth n
of rice and pickled daikon. Rice is the Si
staple dish, and, according to Japanese g,
custom, is served last. The daikon is a y
vegetable somewhat resembling a radish, f
It grows to an enormous size. Indeed it j
is a common saying among vegetable c
growers that one daikon grown in the c
province of Owari, takes two men to j
r?nrrv if- mirl fTinf fu'A fsofcnmn tnrni^Q i
VW? 1 J i V| IUIU VUUV ?. M V tJU^UUIllU WU1 U1|IU JJ
make a load for a pony. This sounds 0
somewhat incredible, and yet it is stated ?
for a fact that a daikon was not long ago
presented to the emperor which measured
over six feet in girth. These mon- a
ster turnips are generally sound to the ^
core; and to the Japanese they are an c
exceeding delicate and palatable ailment;
with us the odor of them alone is e
sufficient to condemn them. v
Last of all came tea, which was served a
in the rice bowls without washing them. It
The dinner lasted four hours; and when h
at the close we attempted to rise from si
the mats, our limbs were so stiff from a
sitting too lone: in this uncomfortable
position that we could hardly move. b
We put on our shoes soon after, and i ti
were then conducted round the grounds, si
In the same enclosure was a summer s<
rest-house for the mikado. We looked \\
inside for the slioji, or sliding doors, ^
were all open, and we could see the b
whole length of the house. Ilere, as in d
all Japanese houses, the mats were the tl
only furniture. They were beautifully r<
fine, and the rooms though empty were b
attractive. ir
After walking about for a little while ^
we went through a Ions calisthenicexer- tl
cisc of bows ,and with warmest thanks
to our kind host and hostess, f-towed t(
ourselves away in jinrikishas, and rode ^
oil to our homes. "
This of course is not a description of ^
an ordimry dinner in Japan. Indeed it ..
was n verv extraordinary one ffiven in L
" - - J o ' 1
honor of a party of Americans about to f
return to the United States. The commou
people dine with very little formal- D
ity. Bread, beef, milk and butter are ^
unknown to them. They live principally
on rice, tish, and vegetables, served ?
in very simple fashion; and they cat so \ !!
rapidly that dyspepsia is even more common
in Japan than in America.?if. J. ,,
IlolbrooJc, in Wide Awake.
e
l(
The Delights or Hanging.
The Detroit Tribune say3 that 1 'peopie
who have been conscientiously op- '?
posed to capital punishment by hanging
because of tlie needless suffering it was
supposed to entail upon the victim of
the law's vengeance, will doubtless find P
their convictions on the subject con-iderably
shaken if they read the extensively
published descriptions of an ex- 0
periment made by a corrageous English 7
investigator.
' This delver into the curious phases a
of existence had long been possessed of n
a desire to realize the sensations pro- | S
duced by hanging, lie induced some .
sympathetic friends to assist him in his 1
laudable experimentation, and accordingly
he was strung up to a convenient !
rafter in* a barn with a regulation hangman's
noose about his neck. ?
"The sensations that followed he de- }
scribes ecstatic and pleasurable in the
extreme. lie fancied he was buoyantly
floating without exertion upon a sea of
oil, tinted with all the radiant colors of
the rainbow. He saw in a transport of 0
indescribable delight that the new world f
to which he had been transported was f
"more beautiful than a poet's dream." c
A Irkvnlv inland nf rrlorions emerald rolnr r
rose from out the bosom of the oleagin- r
ous sea, from which came a burst of the l
most delieious harmony?music of the \
divinest sweetness. As he approached I
} the shore troops of beautiful female be- f
ings came joyously down to meet him on ^
the golden strands. Then ho opened his ]
eyes and found his co-investigators vig- ! j
orously engaged in pounding him in the \
back, "bouncing him up and down on the t
hard floor, and otherwise endeavoring to a
j lure him back to the prosaic details of \
! mundane existence. That he was somewhat
annoyed at being so hastily summoned
from his oily bath and the companionship
of the island beauties has no *
influence upon the sociological value of f
the case. The experiment was made and t
the fact fully established that there is 1
nothing in life half so enjoyable as being e
thoroughly hung." v
BURIED ALIVE.
Some Horrible Instance* of Premft
ture Interment.
That those supposed to be dead are
often only in trance like conditions is
evidenced by the numerous cases of recovery
from apparent death on record.
The following instances of the dangers
of supposed death are related at random
from a note-book. Some of these cases
may be found in Walker and Chadwick's
works on sepulture; others in various
French and German periodicals:
"Cardinal Somaglla was seized with a
severe illness from extreme grief. He
fell into a state of syncope, which lasted
30 long that the persons around thought
him dead. Preparations were made to
embalm the body. The embalmer had
scarcely penetrated into the cardinal's
:hest when the heart was seen to beat,
rhe unfortunate patient who was returning
to his senses at the moment had still
intHcipnt strength to push awav the
tnife of the surgeon, but too late, for
;hc lung had been mortally wounded,
md the patient died in a most lamentable
nanner."
"Mr. B.. of Poitiers, fell suddenly
nto a state resembling death. Every
neans for bringing him back to life was
lsed without interruption. His two
ittle fingers were dislocated, and the
ides of his feet were burnt; but, as
lone of these procedures seemed to proluce
any effect, they were on the point
>f placing him in a coffin, when some
me recommended bleeding from the
irms and feef, and he, to the great asonishment
of all, recovered from his
ipparent state of death, and declared
hat he had heard every word that had
)een said, and that his only fear was
hat he would be buried alive."
"A frightful case of premature internent
occurred not long since at Tonleins,
in the lower Garonne. The vicim,
a man in the prime of life, had only
t few shovelfuls of dirt thrown in his
:rave, when an indistinct noise was
leard to proceed from his co3in. The
jiavedigger, terrified beyond descripion,
instantly fled to seek assistance,
tnd some time elapsed before his return.
I crowd collected in considerable ntira>ers
around the gruve and insisted on
he coffin being opened. As soon as the
id was removed it was ascertained beond
a doubt that the occupant had
>een interred alive. His countenance
ras frightfully contracted with the
gony he had undergone; and, in his
trusties, the unhappy man had forced
lis arms completely out of the winding
licet in which they had been securely
nvelopcd. A physician was on the t
pot and opened a vein. No blood folowed.
The sufferer from inhumation
ras beyond the reach of medical art."
''In October, 1837, Mr. Dechamps. an
^habitant of Lyons, France, died at the
nd of a short indisposition. His obscuies
were ordered for the next day.
Vtien the coffin lid was about to be .
ailed down at the funeral the corpse !
at upright in its shroud and asked for
ometliing to eat. The persons present
rere about to run away in terror, as
rom a phantom, but were reassured by
vi K v.. V-J 1 :i
/ecuumps IIIJLllSl'll, WJLIU littU 1C
overed from his legargic sleep. Due
are was bestowed on him, and he lived,
ifter his recovery he stated that he had
eard ail that passed around him withut
being able to make any movement or
ive any expression to his sensations."
"A midwife of the commune of Paulan,
Francc, waa believed to be dead,
nd was put in a coffin. At the end of
wenty-four hours she was carried to the
hurch, and from thence to the ceme3rv.
But during its progress the bearrs
felt some movement in the coffin,
,-hen they found the unfortunate woman
live. She had merely fallen into a
jgargy. She was carried back to her
ome, but in consequence of the shock
tie received, only survived the horrib'c
ccident a few days."
"At Bergerac, on the 27th of Decerner,
1842, a man who suffered from con1
1 a - r a _? 1, ?
.LIUill wttul/ Ui tticcp luun. a jjuliuu jjic*
:ribed by a physician; the patient slept
3 soundly that he could not be wakened,
rhich caused so much , anxiety that he
'as bled, the blood fiowiug feebly drop
y drop. Finally he was declared to be
ead. At the expiration of a few days
10 potion given to the gentleman was
jmembered, aDd an uneasy suspicion
eing entertained that the medicine
light have caused apparent death, led
lie family to exhume the body. "When
de coffin was opened the horrible fact
as apparent to all present. His disced
limbs showed how powerful had
een his struggle. He had turned around
1 his.collin and suffered long."
"Mirl.im "Tl T?nf? ?qinr. .T^nn n.*ipn_
'ranee, appeared to expire after a long
Iness on the 17th of February, 1843.
'he last functions of preparing the body
it the tomb were performed during the
ight. On Thursday morning the coffin
as brought in, and as the two underxkers
were placing the corpsc in, it
woke from a profound lethargy. Madam
j now iu a state of health which leaves
ttle to hope."
Dr. Gordon Smith, in his book on
'Forensic Medicine," slates: <lI was an
ye-witness of an instance inacelebra^d
city on the continent where a poor
roman, yet aiive, was solemnly ushered
3 the margin of the grave in broad day,
nd whose interment would undoubtedly
avc occured save for the interposition
f bystanders."
The daughter of Henry Laurens, first
resident of the American Congress, |
rhcn an infant was laid out as dead.
Vhen the window of the room was
pened for ventilation the fresh nir reived
the supposed corpse and restored
er to her family. This produced such
profound impression on Laurens that he
nade a will, in which he implored his
hildren to cremate his body as a solemn
luty, so great was his dread of a living
utcrmcnt.
In 18GS, Martin Strong, of Twelfth
treet, Philadelphia, was put in a coffin
or burial upon the death certificate of
)r. Gumming. Mr. Strong still lives,
>ut made a narrow escape. ? Cincinnati
'Inquirer.
Watery Wonders oT Utah.
There is in the extreme north of Utah
i magnificent subterrauean reservoir of
irst-cla>s soda water, bubbling and efervcscing
out of the ground in such
juantities that all America might be sup>lied.
In the extreme south, on the
oad to Orderville, is an exquisite circuar
lakelet that is always just full to the
>rim with water as clear und as green as
>eryl. And wherever the water overlows
the lake's edge it encrusts the
jround and the grass and the fallen
eaves upon it with a fine coating of
imestone, so that the briin is growing
ligher and higher with the irapercepible
but certain growth of a ccral reef,
ind in the course of generations the lake
vill become a concreted basin.
Compresses wet with a decoction of
hirty part3 of valerian root and 100
>arts of water are used by a French sur;eon
in dressing wounds. It hastens
he healing, relieves the pain, and is
specially valuable in deep-seated
vounds.
I AN IMMENSE BAKER?! T"
li
How the *tafl of I.lfe la IQade Ins
Big- Establishment.
V
A New York World reporter who has
been through an immense Brooklyn j(
bakery?the largest in the city?says: ^
Here bread is turned out by the teu y
j thousand loaves and enough is made ^
! daily to supply the wants of many a j,
thriving village. The proprietor of "the w
bakery was kind enough to conduct the c,
reporter all through the various depart- ^
ments and explain the whole process of
bread making, from the time the barrels ^
of flour arc rolled in and hoisted by ele- |(
vators to the loft to the hour when the
bread is delivered to the retail stores all ^
iL _ _ ? i__.
| over iae city.
The two upper floors are used for the
: storage of the flour. They will hold
about 30,000 barrels and arc piled in f
great tiers and laken down again at the
rate of 300 barrels a day to be worked
up into bread. The lower floor is used n
for the delivery of the finished product. S
In one part is a blacksmith's shop for r<
the repair of the wagons and harnesses ir
and the making of horseshoes. The tl
stable for the horses occupies the half of
another block a few hundred feet awny. S
In order to make the business lucrative li
the scale on which tlie work is done be- z<
| ing so larjje that the margin of prolit is ai
very small, it must be as self-sustaining r(
as possible. Hence the firm has its own c<
stables, its own wagons and its own re- st
pair shops. In fact nearly everything is tl
done by the establishment except the b
growing of the wheat and the grinding it
of the flour. That is bought already in w
barrels as it comes from the West. c<
The lower floor was covered with lit- h;
tie carts on wheels to transfer the boxes tc
of fresh-made loaves fiom one part of ic
the building to another. There is about 13
| an acre and a half of ground UDder roof g;
and every inch is economized. One lit- as
tie room k used for the sale of bread Ii
returned from the retail bakeries, a sign ai
conspicuously posted stating that "no rc- a
turned bread more than one day old will w
be allowed for." That which is loss than $(
one day old is taken back at full rates cc
and sold in the little room at half price, cl
Crowds of people from the neighboring a
tenement houses were squeezing in to Ir
purcluse the rejected bread. This wa3 ta
being emptied from the large crates- 4 ir
feet by 2 and about 2$- feet deep and oi
rapidly transferred to barrels, whence it re
was sold over the counter. nc
In the basement ail the preliminary tc
processes of mixing and kneading are fr
carried on, wliilc around under the side- Bi
walks are the immense oven3. The flour lo
is first poured into great mixing pans,
six barrels at a time. The pans are of tli
iron, about eight feet in diameter and ti>
four feet deep. Two bent bars of iron, ni
Y-shaped and connected with machinery Jc
that rises in a cylinder in the centei of w
the pan, serve to mix the dough. They w
are moved in a peculiar manner up and av
down and through every part of the qi
pasty mixture, thoroughly comming- w
ling all its components. fif
The yeast is made in a small room and A
transferred to large cullenders, where a en
little salt and milk and water is added SI
in varying proportions accordiug lo the
style of bread desired. Then it is shaken gi
up with a little llourand finally squeezed en
by hand through the holes in the bottom fe
of the cullender into the mixing pans, lil
Then the machinery is started, the great to
iron bars begin to revolve, and the pasty tr
mass is stirred for a little while until it
attains the proper consistency. In this ac
maimer six barrels of flour can be made w
up Into dough in from twolve to four- a
teen minutes. The flour is emptied from sa
the barrels into bins on the floors above of
and falls through wooden shutes into the
pans beneath. th
After the dough is properly mixed the at
machinery is stopped and the two strong av
knenders who stand by begin to punch 0
and mold the dough into round masses a?
about three feet in diameter. It then
sticks together pretty firmly, like a large CI
lump of molasses candy. Then with a P<
jerk the men lift the ball of dough and P*
throw it into a large trough standing H
near by. These troughs arc exactly like fa
wooden washtubs on wheels. The dough d<
is- thrown in, ball after ball, until the is
trough is full. It sinks down aud coal- tb
csccs into one mass even with the top of c?
the tub. There it standsuntil "proved," 1"
about four or five hours. The weather pi
has much to do with the process. In la
cold weather warm water is used to mix en
the dough and in hot summer seasons te
ice-water must be employed. tl
The kneading rooms are about a hun- E
drcd feet square, all open underneath,
and a large shaft about forty by twenty tr
feet with brick walls gives air and light. I pi
There are several party walls with iron j tli
doors, so that tlie different sections may P<
be isolated in case of fire. The upper di
floors arc separated by walls into so Tl
many different buildings,and they could j
be turned into dwelling houses, a3 their j
outside appcarar.cc indicates. I CJ
The weather causes the length of time I
fnr "nrnvine" to varv fiom four to six | n<
r*w r* -- J .
hours. At!he end of this time the | ai
dough is taken out in small quantities j m
and transferred to tables, where thirty : la
or forty kneadcrs make it up into loaves I 'a
of the proper shape. Then it is placed | 01
in shallow pans and stands a short time j tl
for further "proving" in high wooden , I?
crales with shelves, each crate holding j tc
forty or fifty pans. I V
There arc forty ovcr.s around the build- j lo
ing, under the sidewalk. Each one is c:
about twelve feet square and one foot or
eighteen inches high. In each oven can C(
be baked from forty to a hundred loaves, m
Some can hold nearly three hundred of f<the
smaller kinds. This part of the c'
work is done by hand. In fact machincry
is just beginning to be used in ; si
the business. One of the large mixers I if
in the establishment visited came from ! a
Cannstatt, in Germany. Tiie others were j fl'
of Canadian make. None arc yet made ;
in the United States. I
Another machine for what is cnlled is
"patented bread" was seen in operation, tl
The dough, after proving, wa3 put into ai
a hopper and passed through large j II
rollers, which made it into a flat mass, ; tl
a* if for pie-crust, but considerably tl
thicker. Then it passed under a stamper, j w
which cut it out in squares about ten inches j ai
by five. "When running full 8p?:cd i si
and fed with fresli dough all the time, j A
about forty loaves a minute can be cut j a
lw tbo mjirliinr*. Thou the suuarc pieces o
arc taken and rolled round, the edges ; I'
touching nnd forming the bottom of ( o
the loaf. They are next put in pans, i b
and proved the same as the other loaves h
all made by hand. The ovens are lircd [ 0
up every day about 5 o'clock and kept p
going about twelve or thirteen hours,the T
process of baking being continuously g
kept up during the whole time. r<
After the baking the bread is taken p
into the large room in the centre of the n
building, put in the little carts on wheels p
already described and hoisted by means CI
of elevators to the delivery room above, ci
There were three steam e'levators nnd six c:
hand elevators for use iu case the ma- ai
chinery gave way. They take up none w
of the working room, having no railings
or supports, and when not in use each
one being level with and forming part n
of the floor.
The main delivery room was sixty-seven
feet by 100,though the whole lloor is j "W
sed for details of the delivery. J^ong
me3 of carts stood ready for the mornag
work, several of them on a large
aised platform, where thoy were being
rashea.
The work never stops, Sundays or hol3ays.
night or day. Some part of the
usiness is always being done. The
east room is like a small brewery. The
usiest time is at 4 o'clock in the morn
ig, when the full lorce ot men are at
fork. The drivers are all in with thoir
arts ready for the morning loads and the
akers have not yet left.
More bread is sold in .summer than in
'inter, but the actual amount eaten is ;
:s3. The reason is that more is wasted
1 summer. The hot weather causes tho
read to get stale quicker.
CHINESE TRADES UNIONS.
'rices Prevailin&r Amous: Chinese
Workmen in America.
Gong Han, th9 president of the Chiese
Laundrymen's Union of the United
tates, has been giving a New York cor unnnrlpnf-.
nf tlifi filiieam Herald some
lformation about trades unions among
le Chinese. lie says:
"The working classes of the United
tates?in fact, the entire American pubc?have
not yet learned that the Chiese
are better trades unionists than they
re, aud th;it the Mongolion workman
;ceives better wages than his civilized
slleague. This statement may seem
:rauge, yet it is the truth. In a body !
lat correspond? to the New York cham- '
er of commerce we keep labor statistics '
i regard to aimost every industry in i
hich our race is interested. On oc- ]
sunt of the anti-Chinese agitation we
ave compiled similar figures in regard
) American industries. In nearly every
istance the Chinese obtain larger wages,
eside this, Chinese employers usually
iv? board an:l lodgingto their employes
s well as wages. Let us compare notes.
1 the grocery trade Americans (and they
e chiefly Germans; pay from $4 to ?15
week. Their clerks average $6.00 a
cek. Chinese grocers pay from
) to $22 a week and one per cent.
>mmission on all goods sold by the
erk. Their clerks average $12.50
week. In the Troy laundries the
iah washerwoman receive from $5
i $9 a week and average $6. The
oners get a little more, but average
lly $0.50. Neither washers uor ironers
ceive board nor lodging. In the Chi:se
laundries washers receive from $5
> $12 a week, and average S9; ironers
om $10 to $21, and average $13.50.
oth receive in addition their board and
dging.
"As to barbers, the Americans have
ie Italian shops, where a shave costs
fe cents, the ordinary shop at ten, the
ce ones at fifteen, and a few at twenty,
mrneyman s wages run irom $-? a weeK,
liich is paid to the Italians, to 318,
hich is paid to first-class meu. They )
eragc ?11 a week. In the Chinese
larter a shave costs twenty-five cents, !
itli what you might call a shampoo, 1
ty, and with shampoo and massage, $1. ]
n oriental employer .can, therefore,
,?ily a [lord to pay the average wages of ]
0 a week.
"With apothecaries the contrast is far eater,
and in this respect we orientals
,n justly style you barbarians. A pro- 1
ssiou which involves your health and 1
!c ought certainly to pay high salaries 1
1 it3 clerks, who arc educated and 1
ainfid men. Yet the salaries run from
I up, and seldom if ever exceed $20, 1
id average the miserabla sum of $9 a "
eek. A Chinese drug clerk receives j 1
similar education and training, but his , 1
lary averages $20 a week, not to speak j 1
his commissions. | 1
Good native cooks may bo obtained in j
ic intelligence offices of the great cities
fiora .$10 to $40 a month. Tliey i
rerage, I am told, $15 a month,
ur cock3 run from $30 to $80, and averse
$43.
"In mere manual labor many poor
tiinese have worked for a small com- 1
msation, but never so small as what is
lid to Italian 'navvies' in Now York,
ungarian coal miners, ;ind Slavonian
t in hands. Even when my countrymen ]
) accept employment on such terms it
merely to save up a little money and |
icn enter some other industry. Our j
garmnkers work at the same rates as
st-class Havatina hands. They are em- ]
oyed in the great factories in Muiden .
ne and the Bowery. Not a Chinamac
in he found who will work under the (
nement house system now followed in
ic large citics by thousands of pauper
uropeam.
"So much for wages. In regard to
ades unions we have a number of com- '
icatcd systems. One is what we term
tc family system. The half-billion '
>pulation of the middle kingdom are '
ividod into a few hundred families. ;
hesc are indicated by the first or family ]
une. Of this such names as Wong, '
Be, Yung, Lum, and JVIoy, are fail '
[amples. A Yfong who is in trouble i \
jes to another Wong, whom he may
jver have seen or heard of, and obtains
d. The tiling done may be the loan of ,
onev, the giving of a meal, the ob- ;
iniug of employment, intercession iu
w, or the like. It represents an hon- I '
able obligation, which at some time I |
le person obligated is bound to repay. | ;
1 this way I have known a poor man !
? travel from Che-Li in the north of
hina to New York city. Each trade is
cally organized with us as with Ameri-1 '
ma. Our organizations go further,how- ' ,
,'cr, and possess features that in this ,
>untry characterize masonic bodies. A ]
ember who falls sick is nursed by his
illow members, is provided with medi- '
nc, diet, and physician by the union,
id when destitute through a lengthy J
ckness is even supplied with food,
liment, and even funds. I question if 1
trades union in Europe or America '
c>cs th'i same. Jievond all this there is ;
ith us a distinct recognition of the
lea of duty. An oriental employer
morally bound to look aftei '
le welfare?physical, pecuniary 1
id spiritual?of his employes.
!c should admonish them when
iey go in wrong courses; teach
lem how to use money and accumulate
eallhjsoc that they are neat, clean, 5
id careful in person and dress, lie, in
iort, stands in tho position of a father.
. similar relation is borne by a senior to
junior in a famdy union and by the
lliccrs of a trades union to its members,
eyond family and trades unions are
ther great organizations for men who,
clonging to different trades or callings
ave similar tastes, desires, or needs,
'nc of these is quasi-political, and is ,
robably the largest society in the world,
lie strength and activity of these orunizations
was shown in the Tai-Ping |
ibeliion, when, without telegraph, and
ractically no mail service, thousands of
icu revolted in a few days and the emcror
was compelled to call in Chinese
ordon and 1,000 European soldiers to
rush the insurrection. When Aincrims
understand and know our people
d customs this anti-Chinese agitation
ill die out altogether."
The innocence of the intention abates
othing of the mischief of the example.
The plant of happiness cannot thrive
ithout the air of cheerfulness.
WORDS OP WISDOM.
Pride that dines on vanity sups on
contempt.
Never contract a friendship with a
man that is not better than thyself.
"We ought to attempt no more than
what is in the compass of our genius,
and according to our vein.
A friendship that makes the least
noise is very often the most useful; for
which reason we should prefer a prudent
friend to a zealous one.
To know the pains of power we mu9t
go to those who have it; to know the
pleasures we must go to those who are
seeking it; the pains of power are real,
its pleasures imaginary.
He that does good to another man
does also good to himself; not only in
the consequence, but in the very act of
doing it: for the conscience of welldoing
i3 an ample reward.
Deep feeling is contagious. Words
poured forth from burning hearts are
sure to kindle the hearts of others.
Hearts that can stand everything else
hre often melted by a tear.
Our great thoughts, or great affections,
the truths of our life, never leave
us. Surely they cannot separate from
our consciousness, shall follow it whithersoever
that shall go, and are of their na
ture divine and immortal.
The very events in your lives which
seemed at the -time most trying, most
vexing, most disastrous, have been those
which were most necessary for you, to
call out what was good in you, and to
purge out what was bad.
Life iii Labrador.
Summer is the Labradorian's harvest
time. His hunting grouuds arc the seas
about his own coast and the shores of '
A.nticosti. This island, enveloped by I
fogs, encircled by sunken rocks, swept
by hurricanes, and surrounded by furious
currents, is the horror of all mariners.
Within the last ten years, one hundred
and three ships and three thousand lives
have been lost on its treacherous shores.
A. few years ago some Canadians made an
attempt to settle on it, intending to
make fortunes in fishing and hunting.
One was to be a sort of king, with
bears and gulls for his subjects. But
the scheme fell through, and the bears
ire still sole lords of the island. During
the nine months of winter the Labra3orian
is idle. In his rough board hovel 1
perched on a rocky ledge, with hurricanes
howling around it, rocking it to its
foundations, and the trampling surf
thundering on the rocks below,he spends 1
bis dreary days. Sometimes, weather permitting,
he and his friends have
social gatherings?collect at one another's
bouses, and there, steaming and jovial,
pass the evening in rude revelry, which
usually degenerates into a general fight.
Then pandemonium reigns; the infuriated
partisans swear and.shout; the dogs
penned in a narrow space between the
floor and the ground, engage in deadly
battles; the tide of war causes the floor
to heave like the waves of the sea.
These dogs are a prominent feature of
Labrador life. They are the only means
the Labradorians have of traveling great
distances, for in the three thousand miles
of Labrador coast there is not one mile
Df made road, and many of the inhabitants
have never seen a horse, and would
flee from one as a devil. Sled-dogs
sometimes make from ninety to one hundred
miles a day, but sledding has its
AiiovfaiPrt yifl fom nor
UI3dU v ail lu^co kuw Ijuai iwiov*uw iib>a|/vi
of the dog is known. When two teams
meet, the twelve dogs, by common consent,
dash at each other, regardless of
the whips of the men and the shrieks of
the women, and engage in a fierce struggle.
Sometimes they can be separated;
but when two dojrs meet who have a
long-cherished grudge against each other
they fight till one or both lie dead on
the snow. Sledding in Labrador is an
cxciting method of locomotion.
With June comes the breaking up of
the ice; the air is filled with sudden reports
caused by the bursting of icebergs,
the fisherman hauls out his net and
launches his boat, and from the bastions
of the cliff the veterans watch the horizon
for the first sclioo's of mackerel.
Thus the brief summer becrins. and for
three months all is life and bustle; but
with September comes winter, and all
Labrador relapses into nine months of
dreary inactivity.?Argonaut.
Importance of Bee (,'ultnre.
Professor A. J. Cook, of Michigan,
5fiys plant3 pour out their nectar as o
3ort of free coffee or lunch to attract bees
ind other insects to the most important
work in vegetable economy, the work of
fertilization, which largely depends upon
insects, and without which full fruitage
is impossible. The simple work of gathering
nectar then is indirectly of great
sconomic importance. This nectar,.
which tho bees convert into honey,
would be wholly lost without them.
Only the honey-bees are abundant early
in the season, and they alone save this
valuable food element for man's
jood The activity of bees is wonderful.
By actual observation single
Sowers are sometimes visited by bees fifty
times a day, and bees have been seen
to visit over twenty flowers a minute. L.
C. Koot, of Mohawk, N. Y.-, extracted
1,103 pounds of honey on July 23, collected
from basswood, which had all
been gathered by forty colonies of bees
in just seven days. This is over . 100
pounds per colony, and the daily stores
rjf cach colony exceeded fourteen pounds.
During the same time there was secured
at the Michigan college nearly
half as much beautiful comb honey from
3ingle colonies. An excellent Michigan
farmer who has kept bees six or seven
years, and who for the last three years
has had from sixty to eighty coion:es,
reports the cash receipts from these bees
during each of the last three years to exceed
those of the entire balance of his
farm. ? Cultivator.
A Much Disgusted Dog.
. i ->? .q ?
A ludicrous llKJIUCIIk uuuujiuu at a
rabbit liuat near Hobokcn, N. J. The
hound started the "cottontail" in a piece
of short brush on a side hill. The hunter
could witness the race at a great distance.
and soon saw the rabbit making
a circle. As he appeared emerging from
the brush he was seen to stop suddenly.
On rushed the hound, and as he lowered
his head to seize the little animai tl.Q !
rabbit gave a spring to one side, and the \
dog doubled up like a ball. While he was I
letting himself out the rabbit was mak- |
trig tirno on the back track. The hound
wa? soon in full pursuit again, but the
rabbit led the dog to where two saplings
grew close together from an old
root. IIo then stopped before and
waited until the dog was almost upon
him, when he leaped between the two
saplings, while the dog attempted to
follow. Hut there was barely room for
the rabbit, nnd the hound was caught in
the crotch and badly injured. The rabbit
turned and looked at his enemy a
minute and was soon lost in the thicket.
The dog started immediately for home
and no amount of coaxing could induce
him to continue the hunt.?New YorJi I
Times. j
POPULAR SCIENCE.
Masses of deep-sea coral, many tons is
weight, which were torn trom their
ocean bed by the volcanic explosion in
Sunda Straits two years ago, may now
be seen two or three miles inland,
whither they were borne by the tidal
wave.
The water in the gulf of Bothnia i*
reported to be falling qiiite rapidly. Oneproof
of this is the fact that a large
stone on the Swedish coast now ris??^
three feet above water at mean tide^-^
while fifty years ago it was barely visible N
at lowest tide.
Some experiments in London recently
showed that the native English fishe*
are unable to survive in water heated
much, if any, in excess of 80 degrees,
yet in the low country of India and Burmah
streams are filled with fish where
the water becomes from ten to fifteen
degrees hotter than this every noonday.
In a new French apparatus the heat of
the sun falling upon metallic plates
tightly covering a thin layer of a volatile *
liquid, like ammonia, is combined with
the natural coolness of water to generate
nnwoi' fnp iMimni'nrr W1 t"Vi nlnfoQ hnvinflr
.. .V- r ? ?,
a surface of forty square yards such an
apparatus would hourly raise 792 gallons
of water sixty-five feet in warm
climates, and at Auteuil raises over 300
gallons per hour.
Ciro Ferrari and Yon Bezold have observed
that very extensive thunderstorms
are often attended at their rear by small
but well marked depressions, and that
the anterior margin of a thunderstorm
form the boundary between a region of
high pressure and one of low prassurc. Ia
the country visited by the storm the rain
districts assume the form of eclipses
whose major axes are almost parallel to
the direction of the storm.' Hail forms
long, narrow bands coinciding in direction
"with that of the prevalent wind. .
Regarding typhoons the government
astronomer of Hong Kong states that the
signs of these phenomena in the China
seas are clouds of the cirrus type, looking
like fine hair, feathers, or small whit*
tufts of wool traveling from east to
north, a slight rise in the barometer,
- ? 3
clear and dry, but not weatner, ana uga&
winds. These portents are followed by
a falling barometer, while the temperature
rises still further. The air bccomesoppressive
from increasing dampness,and
the sky presents a vaporous and threat-.
ening appearance. -, -' ^
Draining Ponds for Carp.
The carp culture in the highlands of
central France is a form of industry
which merits a good deal more attention
and imitation than it has hitherto obtained.
On that high plateau there are
ponds of all sizes, many of them largeenough
to be dignified by the more- :
grandiloquent name of lakes, but to the
country people they are one and all
"etangs" and nothing more. These ponds
are one of the chief sources of
wealth of the country, which is mostly
but poor soil for cultivation, as a great
part of it has recently been reclaimed
from moorland and heather. These4
ponds are stocked with carp, and once-- \
every three years a great fishing takes
place. All the able-bodied men of the
country-side are engaged for a certain
Haw in October to meet at one
of the ponds; that on the highest
level being taken first. The sluices *
of the pond are opened three dayspreviously,
and the water allowed to
run gradually off, leaving the bed of*
deep mud which seems to be one of the
necessaries of carp existence. When
there is ODly a thin rill of water lefttrickling
down the centre of the erstwhile
pond, the fishing begins. On all
sides the carp lie floundering, panting,
gasping on the expanse of mud; in someplaces
the fish are two or three deep on top
of one another. The number of carp in
these ponds is something quite extraordinary;
they do not seem to suffer in*
dividualiy from their great numbers, for
the fish are remarkably line and heavy.
The men wade through the mud, catching
the carp by the gills, and flinging,
them on the bank. There they areweighed
by "men who have co.ne with
carts from the nearest town to buy the
fish, and after the weighing the carp are
packed among straw in the carts as tightly
as possible. "When the carts are full
they return to the town, and the carp
are then placed in tanks. A carp takes
a good deal of killing, and, though be- ing
tightly packed in straw for a whole
day and jolted down hill for perhaps four
hours, may strike him as a uovel experi
ence, it does not do him the very lease
harm; and as soon as he is released from
durance vile and placed in the tanks, horesumes
the even tenor of his way. ?
Saturday Heview.
Dome of the "Washington Capitol.
I heard the other day some curiousfacts
about the dome of the capitol at.
Washington. It is said that there was
a statue of ancient Egypt called Memnon,
which whispered sweet words of
melody to the sun as he appeared abovo
the horizon, and sang him to sleep every
n:ght with weird lullabies. The grand,
haughty Goddess of Liberty on top of
the dome has a heart of bronze, but a
good heart for all that, and one filled
with true old Virginia courtesy. She
has not yet picked up enough courage to
attempt to do the prima donna act, but
every morning the good dame courte *
1 ?Itnoinlra in
SIC 1 1)0 ?116 3U1J, mm vriiula uw oiuutj iu vmv
West she again courtesies, bat without
turning around. Some time since Architect
Clark suspended a plummet line
from the interior of the dome, and it was
found by actual measurement the lead
swung 4+inches, making a total dip out
of the perpendicular of inches. This
is caused by the alternate contraction
and expansion of the iron.
A ludicrous mistake which occurred
last year may be mentioned in this connection.
The co.ist survey had in charge
the surveying of the river front preparatory
to locating the line for the reclamation
of the Potomac flats. The top of
the dome was taken as one point of the
surveyor's triangle in estimating ccrtain
distances. The calculations thus arrived
at were found to sadly differ almost
every day, aud much swearing and perplexed
thinking upon the part of the
brilliant engineers'were indulged in before
the dipping of the dome was
- - ' ji - x ? . a
brought to mind. Alter mat tuc lop oi
the Washington monument did unceasing
duty as a mathematic guiding star.
?Boston Budget.
"The Tune the Old Cow Died Of."
In Scotland and the north of Ireland
this saying is very common in the
mouths of the peasantry, though all who
use it may not understand its origin. It
arose out of an old song:?
There was an old man, aul ho had an old
cow,
And he had nothing togivo her;
So he took out his liddle aud played her a
tune?
Consider, good cow, consider:
This is 110 time of year for the grass to growr
Consider, good cow, consiiioi!
The old cow died of hunger, and
when any grotesquely melancholy song
or tune is uttered the north couutrv people
say, "That is the tuue the old co\7
died uf."?Lo.nlon Agricultural Gazette,