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t. " , V-.Y T # f v > n i % % 'p " 4m -* 1 * . -? V * ; r . ? * 1 t *4 .* -*' 'T * . ' ' . ' * * - 4 <1 ' - *. ,VN *-* . . - * . . ' THE CAROLINA SPARTAN. ^ by gavis & tbihmieb. Dftrfltffr to ?>0utl)crn ftigtyts, Politico, ftgricuUuraritx iitiscfUmuj. $2 peb ahhbk. _ ^ * ' .. * * * | | /. * * VOL. XIV. ~ SPARTANBURG, S. C., THURSDAY, DECEMBER 3, 1857! " == NO. 41. THE CAROLINA SPARTAN. BY CAVIS <fc TRIMMIEXt. T-0. P. VERNOIT Associate Editor^ Pfi?fl Two Dollars per annum iu advance, or i at Ilio c:iil of the year. If not paid uutil after the year expiree $3.Oil. Pay in nt trill bo considered in advance if made witi :n three months. No 'i.i'iscription takeu for less than six months. Money may bo remitted through postmasters at onr risk. Advertisements inserted at the usual rates, and contracts mado on reason able terms. Tito SrART.%* circulates largely over this nnd adj oining districts, ottd oiTers an admirable medium tc our friends to reach customers. Job work of all kinds promptly executed. R!.mk?, r.aw and Equity, continually ou hand or ptint-l to order. CAROLINA"SPARTAN! MESSAGE OF GOV. R. F. W, ALLSTON, TO THE Senate and House ot Representatives. DELIVERED NOVEMBER 24, 1857. Executive Department, Columbia, S. C., November 23, 1857. Fellow Citizens of the Senate ami House of Jleprcsen tali ves: Assembling as you do for the public service from every election District in the State, representing all professions and occupations, you bear with you, doubtless, a grateful sense of the present blessings enjoyed by our citizens of health and bountiful harvests, and will cheerfully unite with roe in aspirations of praise to the Almighty Power, by whom alono they are bestowed. In view of all the circumstances by which wo are surrounded, our people cannot have too scrupulous a regard to individual integrity, nor can wo too strictly guard against the failings which peculiarly beset us, assured that a practical life, which best illustrates a due sense of duty to God and our neighbor, constitutes the most acceptable service to him who orders the a (lairs of men, and whose eyes are upon us all. It must ueeds be that sickness nnd death visit avery community, striking down the youttiliil ana aged, mo Vigorous and active, I as well as the infirm. If wo have seen the energetic minds, industrious powers and generous impulses of friends and public servants stilled in death, we have left to us the iuesliinablc satisfaction of knowing that (.hey met their fate with courage in the path of duty. Since your last session, death has deprived tho delegation to Congress from this State of two valued members. In the month of February, the Hot:. Preston S. Brooks, while in tbe midst of active public duty, engaged in a course of usefulness and honor, and winning by his manly conduct and sterling worth, the confidence and admiration of members, was removed to another sphere. Tho only official intimation I had of Mr. Prooks1 death, was communicated on the '25:h of March, by one of uur Sonatina, the late Judge Puller. Within two mouths from that dale, lie, too, was laid in the si lent grave, beside his gallant relative and friend. Excitable and cousuieulious as lie was, the labors of the lust Congress had proved too much for him. Honorable and fair in dispatching business?vigilant and faithful in iiis peculiar tru?t?diligent, spirl il.u .1:?i i.. I ??uv?f uii?j UVIU ill Ui^Cllill^HI^ llf IliJI UUI ?UU> sensibilities were too highly wrought upon, and the tension of his ttieutal energies loo incessant to bo longer endured by tlio physical frame. Soon after reaching the coveted quiet of Iris own home, he sank into the arius of death, universally regretted by his associates in life, mourned ami lamented by his constituents?the people of this State. The vacancy created in tho Fourth Congressional Di-lrict, has been tilled bv the election of Gun. Milledge L. Bonham, of Edgetiold, who was commissioned iu May last. In place of the lion. A. P. Butler, I have made no temporary appointment. You will doubtless appreciate the importance of supplying tho vacancy by joini ballot of both Ilouses without delay, in order that the new Seuator may be enabled to take his seat in tho next Congress nt an early day of t jo 1 bonjIOU. lliero is yet to be mentioned the 1 name of another venerable citizen, once in- ' tin. My and prominently associated with the Government of both the State and the 1 United States, whoso loss we deplore, and 1 to \G.330 brilliant career of early service I Hi../ be permitted to allude. Erect and ! commanding in stature, tip to the day of bis 1 last illness, grave and dignilicd in deport- 1 niont, wise in council, firm, lesolute, and 1 faithful iu tho practice of his profession and I the dutios of life, such was Langdon Chevcs. ' Successful in life, full of honors, and pros Irate only under the weight of years, lie has 1 been laid in tho grave by grateful country- 1 tnon and weeping friends, with all tho sol- I orunitios and respectful observances duo to ' such an occasion. 11 a was tho last of tho 1 di-'.hguisbed trio, who, by their ability, in- 1 legrity, and courage rendered tho South ' Carolina Delegation iu Congress, during tho ' War of 1812. so distinguished and infiuon. ' - n ' " ~'* t tial. Together they labored nobly and ell]ciontly in thoso days of fearful excitement ' and trying difficulty, for tho welfare and 1 honor of their country. The Navy, which ( jt was Mr. Cheves' peculiar care to devclopo J and cherish?tho Navy, bearing its ting and 4 loaving its namo triumphant upon every ' sea, taught tho proud foe a losson of justice, f to recogniso America as an equal among 1 the nations of the earth. The wnr houora- t bly closed and a peace establishment settled, " lie rotired from tho Speakor's chair to sorve I his Slate in the Judiciary Department, until s called on by President Monroo to adminis- 1 tor tho Bank of flio iiqited States. Absent ten yoar.s, ho returned to tho quiet b of his nalivo hills, procmtroltolStlio South 1 the danger which ho had hr^i(f, / simultaneously with his distin^WnKm|d tJ poor in tho tendency of Fedoial Beyond occasional counsel, ho declined participation in public life, until the year r 1-960. Then, at tho ago of rovonty-four, ho f< appeared at Nashville, as a member of tho] Southern Convention, intent to perform to the last his part, by warning bis countrymen against the policy of a majority in Congress, which,substituting expediency for principle, was gradually sapping the Constitution, and threatening ultimately tho rights of the Stales. His last public act was signing the Ordinance of 1852?passed by tho Slato Convention, of which ho was a member. Past the ago of four-score years, ! having long survived his groat co-laborers and worthy colleagues, Lowndes and Calhoun, he, too, is gono. Like them, he has left us, in his upright example in all public stations, in tho loftiness, the punt)', the simplicity of his character, in tho truth, and power, and grandeur of his eloquence a legacy of priceless wealth. The South Carolina. College.?This Institution, so deservedly cheiidied by the people of the Slato for its usefulness, as well as its renown, has undergone, since your adjournment, a severe trial, owing to the indiscretion of youth and some mistaken notions of honor, which have obtained among the students, together with the want of aptitude and power to administer the laws of tho College, which unhappily character- j ized the President, a man distinguished for : science, and otherwise of practical useful- . ncss, who, as Professor of Mathematics, was j eminently competent, able and valuable. I Called together at an extraordinary meet- I ing in the month of June, tho Board of Trustees deemed it essential to the duo performance of their trust to re organize the Government of the College. Accordingly, tho members of the Faculty were invited to resign. President McCay had previously tendered his resignation, and tho exercises of the Collcgo were suspended till the 1st of October, thus making the annual vaca- ' lion eighteen days longer than usual, and dispensing, necessarily, with tho Juue examination. Assembling again in tho mouth of September, .-it no littln doi-bohm! in??nnv?. ' - I - [ nience, llio 1 of Trustees have deemed ' it wise to restore the greater number of the ' Professors to the duties of a Faculty, as- ; binning to each individual the charge of the various brandies of learning in such order, as, it is supposed, will ensure, hereafter, their greater usefulness and eflicieucy. liy* a temporary arrangement, which was ordered by the Board of Trustees, the duties of the Mathematical Department has ! been assigned to the Professors of Natural Science, and of Chemistry. It is to ho hoped licit this important chair will ho deiinilcly tilled before the close of tho year. However universally it be admitted, that the Classics ' should constitute the leading feature in the leading Literary Institution of tho Stale, Vet in a community of planters aud farmers, j where agriculture prevails, even iu connec- i lion with the learned professions, the iin- 1 nnrloivfl .1" T-5 ? ! i ? ?. ijjuuuiuisiij-, our- i veying, Mensuration anil Mechanics, cannot bo overlooked in completing tlio education of youth, nor should wo fail ot inviting llje students to a duo understanding of Agronomy, Natural and Experimental Philosophy, Natural History and General Science. Again, Chemistry, Geology, Mineralogy and Meteorology, wi.h lectures uud experiments on the application of Chemistry, (Jo ology and Electricity to agriculture, constitute an essential branch for which a Professor is provided. Until June the President of the College was, also, Professor of Mathematics. Since September, the Professors LeCoute have attended to the duties of this chair in conjunction with their own As regards discipline, it would be derogatory to the just intlueuco of parents, supposing them to have done their duly to their children at homo, and humiliating to our common nature, to maintain that intelligent and nearly grown young gentlemen, need strict surveillance at College; to be kept in order by the force of authority whilst they are profiling by the ample means to pursue the higher mathematics, and to accomplish themselves in classical literature, which the Slate has so wisely and liberally furnished for their benefit. No! let the Senior members of College act with discretion, moderation and decorum, and let the vouncrer be controlled hv iln*ir precept and example. It does not often ! happen that men who are devoted to study, either scientific or literary, (and it is with j such men, chiefly that the Professorial : chairs must ho lilted.) are found to possess | among their other gilts administrative i d- ! i ents. Young gentlemen of eightceu or 1 nineteen years of ago should know sonio what how to govern themselves. Until tho Undents of the College shall become alive I lo a senso of their personal responsibility to ] .ho State and to themselves, tho very best ' idininistralion of tho College laws, as a I government, is destined often to fail. On < mtering Collego each student signs "the 1 Roll," tho captain of which embraces a J pledge to conform lo tho regulations, and t ,o avoid unlawful combinations. On tho ' , ate occasion tho young gentlemen seem t<> ] i;ive persuaded themselves that, in repudia- ] : it.. -?.i - ?- * -? my iiiu aunioruy 01 mo lresident, they i were acting individually, nut in combina* ( ion. Yet, after a conference with tlio l'ro- < essors, it was manifest to tho Hoard that ( ( ilinost the whole Collego was implicated. | I he students deemed it a point of honor to i tustain tho class, which refused to recite to , heir chief Professor, becauso tlioy had | juestionod his integrity and condemned his , tdministrntivo ability. Here is evidence of i ixtonsivo combination, yet no student was nade conscious of it. It was deemed ne- 'j :es6ary that tho Trustees be assembled to . ;i nslruct the Faculty as to their execution of * ho laws of the College. Our young men < ire commended to the seutiiuenl, well ex- ( iressed elsewhere by an ublo writer, him* t elf an alumnus of the College, "Obodienco t o law and to lawful authority is honor." , Aksknai. and Ciuiiki. Academies.?I c >eg leavo to refer you to the Report of tho t foard of Visitors of tho Slato Military , c Icadomioa, which are flourishing as over, n Tjeir order and discipline aro exemplary, j ? Mfl^aduuting Class of this year, consist- , I out to society in its va- n who, as hereto- { 1 >re, by thoir to ' c be useful, will do credit to their training, Arst and to the State whose patronage they have even shared. also Fkee Schools.?Tho Free Schools aro 11 doing more good than they have been al- art 4 lowed credit for. Wherever educated gan- mal< tlemen of the country have generously interested themselves in tho subject, and with PUP' commendable zeal and public spirit have l'lu ' devoted a portion of their energies to the Wl success of tho schools, tho law has operated &res: well. As a basis for a practical system, re- so '? garding tho character of our population and )'oU,| tho geographical peculiarities of the Stato, ra' ^ I havo not been able to arrange ono more ",ru satisfactory. Let its provisions, with some amendment, bo faithfully and judiciously . I'1 executed, with consideration for those chief- ^''io ly intciested, and it will discover itself to l>rC!K our community a system at once available, barn useful and creditable, inviting and reward- rovei ing tho services of qualified teachers, a sup- ^?po ply of whom cannot bo too early provided <>3,0i for. Tho excellent public school which has var) been orgnnized iu Oliailesion by the Com- rL'tl,r roissioners of St. Philips and St. Michaels, ' ^ will very soon furnish a number of young ,,u'> 4 persons who, it inay ho hoped, will do out 4 something towards introducing into other l''l' portions of tho Stato, the benefits of the iin- rcP<)1 proved system under which they have been trained. I recommend that provision bo ^\4"' made for tho establishment, without delay, ' of ono or more Normal Schools, at which keen tho promising pupils from tho schools be- lu.r."' low may bo further educated for tho purpose, and trained to tho art of teaching. Theso arc admirable institutions, and, if well managed, cannot f ill to send forth the l''51' young people of the State into the business j11 1'* of life ? ; witnesses of their usefulness. Tlioy In? ;l are eminently entitled to the notice of be- '"r ll nevolent and public spirited citizens of calMl wealth, who may desire to render useful to their kind, a portiou of the surplus moans Lir,"u with which they have been blessed. The first Normal School in America was founded on an ollering of ?10,000, for tlio pur- '*a"k pose, bv Mr. Dwight, a wealthy citizen of NXilSl Massachusetts, to which the State added ltj ?10,000, and tho thing was soon accom- ^;lllU plished. I have seen that school in success- ' ful operation, and freely give you my bo lief, that a State which pretends to sustain a general system of public education should 'kink not remain a year without a school of tho NV:l^ ' kind for the regular supply of competent and accustomed teachers. In otdcr to add in effect to the system by furnishing tlio moans cd to for self-regulation, and by which may bo Bank imparted to it equal usefulness in every porti portion of tho Stale, I recommend that the the several Boards of Commissioners of ITeo travc Schools bo authorized by law to raise, by York assessment on the amount of general taxes said, iu their respective Election Districts, a suiu point of money equal to that appropriated by the too fi State out of the public Treasury, to be ex- granl peuded and accounted for in like manner, woul Whenever tlie funds can be raised for tho big ii purpose, I think it would contribute to the is-uie welfare of the Slate to establish also a Ma- prop line School, at the port of Chat lesion. in its ASYLUM FOR THE IJlCAF AND iJt.'MO AM) <>f d hie Ulino.?I transmit the Kepoit of the corp? l'rincipal of the Asylum for deaf mutes ami in fill the blind. Tlio public works there are in to tli progress, ami 1 am happy to have it in my it power, by aiding in the expenditure o| the sped public money, to contribute somewhat to scour the liberal establishment of this high chart- soma tv. Among the blind, as well as the deaf cum and dumb, trades are beginning to occupy suppi (Ins mind and the hands of p.ipils, thus as the 1 suring them of their ability to be helpful, not and cultivating a wholesome self-respect some and cheerful industry. Soon will grow up adop a colony of pupils on ti e lands of the State, condi and a society which will ho independent -md t and thriving, by their various trades and muni occupations. The Commissioners will seo the S to its regulation in due lime. Tltcso good of t\v eiizens have performed so well the service 1 r of the State in this regard?so consistent ry In and disinterested liavo been their labors? inter ?o judicious their arrangements for the j ui: bent-lit of their charge, that 1 have great this i satisfaction in co-operating with tliem ex j atiotl ofticio. I recommend that they ho invited it, be to embrace within the sphere of their super- ho pr vision the public education under the Free I nut, u School laws; that they be authorized to or- j ^vr li ganize and establish one or more Normal the b Sclrools in each div'sion of the Stale for the ' "tun preparation of teachers, and to introduce ' sboul and explain improvements in the method-, ing i at instruction. They should he allowed, scone whilo on duty, during the recess of the I?auk Legislature, the pav and mileage of mom - the n hers. Hitherto they have received no com- will peusation beyond that which a lines froin liever ho consciousness of rendering good service , ding to the State, and kind odicos lo the inter- profit Siting objects of their care. j Si Tiie Dk La IIowk School at Lethe.? g-rrd; During the last Summer, in making a th? ,i nilitary tour through tho State, a day was r;'tc levoted lo the school rat Lotho, in Abbeville your msirici loumieU l>y 111 o will of Dr. John as t.? l)e La Howe, at the closn cf the Inst cctilii- i whid y. lie devises the land on which ho rosi- \ s'' led, with all his land adjacent, his library,, eivdii fcc., itc., for the purposes of keeping up tlio u' arm and establishing a school for tho nip suppi >ort and education of twolvo boys and | welro girls, of Abbeville District, so as to a ship jiialify ihoin to inako intelligent and useful 1 Vl armors and farmers' wives, and especially ""'"b ccoinmcnds that tho principles i?f ch'inistnj >L I >o taught, so far as they aro applicable to 1 rractiual agriculluro and domestic economy, "ppo1 I'll us it is, indeed, a valuable nucleus of ''ig u igricultural education, worthy of tlio con- i <>( deration and onlightencd patronage of tho I'-iuk; ieneral Assembly. It is the foundation of! conin i benevolent foreigner, whose remains are voivr hero entombed, and whose example is enti dm in led to lasting honor and influence. I have 1 ho s ecoinmended to tho worthy Commission- a "an irs, who now dovolo tlicir timo ami ut ten - on "'e ion to its intcreots, to raise the standard ?>f l' lJ '' iducalion in proportion as their means will value dlow. A diiticulty in tlio way of their l, r ? [renter usefulness, they represent !o me, pi'ivil ics in their want of places for their pupils i ''ills, ifter completing their term of four years. ?'ow* f they ware authorized, by law, to send prcso mo of their young luon annually to the 'he Ct k nal Acmlemy, at Columbia, or four, two in tho courso of four years, a within tlio same term, four of the gi Normal School, iu order to learn t >f teaching, thin obstacle might ul ;ly bo passed. Their teacher, tl , is a young tuau, formerly one of th Is, who has passed successfully throu, bur years course of the State Acadcini i?uld contribute materially to tho pi i of that kind of education, which li ng been desired in Carolina, if tl ig man could be sent to an Agiicult ichool in Europe for two years, and i to take charge of the Lethe Schc years, in compensation. NANcii and Banks.?The financial cc 11 of the State is sound, though at I ml moment necessarily somewhat ci issed. Without including tho surpl mo, $1,061,422 09, which is held < .-it, tho debt of the Slate amounts 39.(531 60, drawing interest at an ing from 3 to 0 per cent. Tho tax lied for tho last fiscal year aro $10 65. Tho ordinary annual oxpeiiscs sxeoed $360,000. Lut tho payinet if tho Treasury tho past year far exce sum For particulars, I refer to t rt of the Comptroller General, iu same report will present the monl diibit of tho condition of the Haul liin ten years tile number of Banks h increased to twenty, which are l d monthly, with an aggregate capit 1,837,<>-11 25, with a specie basis ember of $yiH),3y9 70, and a line e.-.tic exchange amounting to $10,2(5; 98. Of the last sum sixoftho Ban e commercial city of Charleston, ha i capital of $8, 1557.012 25 returm licr part only $3,027,057 73. Tl al of the ti n Banks first named in t it amounts to $ 10,137,(>42 25; tin la?ion f >r S |U? anbcr was ?3,3^9,82 specie on hand, for tlie same mont ,011) 15. The circulation of the sail ;s, as shown in the mouth of Octobi &3,sO0,IiO4, and their specie ainoui > $43l},sl)3 '.'5. The ten Banks la d, having U.gcthcr a capital of $ )00, returned for vheir circulation ember $3,715,311; specie on hail ,150 21. The circulation of the san ;s, as shown in tho October cxhib ?3,218,315 50; specie on hand, ?20' 11. the first half of the year, I was plea > learn that the bills of the priuuip ,s in South Carolina constituted still on of the most approved currency West, niul were available, also, filers as far North as the city of Nc :. Those of the smaller Banks, it w wore sometimes found, at certa .s in the Western States, circulatii reely and in too great numbers, ling charters hereafter, 1 think d lie well to confine the Hanks to de; l exchange, discount and deposit. Ti of bills for currency should be tl gativc of the Hank of the State, wliie turn, should be denied the privilei ealing in domestic exchange. Ti nations which demand a circulatii um for their business, should app e State authority for the same, depe one-third of the amount desired e, and the remainder in satisfactoi ities, so as to assure the public of tl Iness and convertibility of a mix* ney. This suggestion is made on tl osition that the .State will adhere tank of the Slate as its fiscal ngot because 1 prefer it as such. I'ulc : such modification of the system 1 led, 1 am of the opinion that it won uce to the soundness of thecurrctie noro to the interest of the whole coi ty, to have the hanking business itate done by six corporations, inste; enty. ecommeiul that the laws against us ) repealed, leaving the legal rate est at 7 per cent., where no contra l ie. Acknowledging the principle eforia us sound, 1 have hitherto, icr capacity, refrained from prcssit lieving tli.it the public mind slioui "epared for it by full discussion. o\v of opinion that it should no lo >e postponed. Money is entitled 1 eiietit of a market as well as ever nudity. And the owner of mom d not be denied the privilege of leu l except through the artificial, at times costly medium of corporalioi >, too, should he allowed to take, li sc of money loaned, whatever it i ill the market, and be thereby r 1 from the tempting facility of ev tho law in order to increase the sfKNsio.v or Si-ken: I'aymknts.?K tig the recent revulsion in finance an inviicv, I will not attempt to enuin ts causes, but will venture to direi attention not so much to the Haul the system of banking. A systel i sanctions the issue of paper mom large an amount, leading to inllati s, inflated prices, extravagant huhi ing and reckless speculation, may 1 )sed calculated to produce a oris r or later. Tho unhappy sinking i i Willi 11! i I 1 i ki? |V. ?? k I Vk I I*, kfi . 1 . ...? Itw... > .H.IV. .11.1, K,i .III suflioicntly e.viting to create a in ?ry panic, was enough to preeipita! t lias hail tlie I'llect to paralyze tl )f honest industry, wherever labor < 1 to capital?to depress the opci larkct for produce?and to intoa nilidence between man and man. Tl * in this Slate were. eHected by tl ion pani.*, and lelt the pressure s y?some of them yielding to its ii e, have suspended specie payment tuspeiittiot) of specie pay ments 1) k, is a failure to redeem its not* man I -a forfeiture of its promise l 11 gold or silver, current coin, the fu ot every hill issued, from its eoui a promise, on which is hascd tl ege granted hy the State, to issi and to circulate them as eurreiic; iver, it may he supposed to alibi ut relief to the business interests i nintry, which, unfortunately, are ? or wound up with the banks as to sutler in> ml evitibly from the contraction of their credrls its and their stringent demands, it is delio moralizing in its tendency. Ili- The bunks of this State, with which I am liis not at all familiar, are well udministcrd. f?ir Several of them have bravely withstood ?h the schock, and are prepared to do a legities. mate business us usual. All, it is believed, ro- are solvent. If however, there be some, ias so dependent upon the banks and brokers lit of New York, as to fail in their pledges to .u- the public, when the Northern banks fail ro- it is their misfortune to have to answer for >ol the sins of others, as well as for their own mismanagement. The consequences to >n- the quiet, uninitiated and the laboring ho community, are alike distrust and loss, in leading to want and suffering, too often to us moral ruin and crime. The State, too, on sutlers from the abstraction of coin and to the depreciation of credit in the sale of her ite bonds, both for building the New State ;es Capitol and for aiding the construction of the Hluo ilidgc ltnilroud. (Of the former, i]o I signed 400 certificates on the 5th March, its and of the latter ICO on the 4th May.) ed Whatever the exigency, it will he long he before confidence is generally restored, and commerce can move tranquilly and safely di- iu its usual channels, though not near so ts. long, 1 trust, as iu 1807. Then the susas pension in Charleston took place in May, e- and lasted 15 months; now it occurs in al October, at the opening of a business seain son, with a fair, (though not large,) crop of of cotton and rice on hand, as the basis of r?,- commercial communication with eapitulks ists of the home market, and of exchange ,v- with Europe. lm1 The moment of excitement, apprchenlie sion and financial pressure, is not a time lie to legislate respecting the hanks. The ex ir isting laws, if sound, will be vindicated ill (1; I practice; if otherwise, it will be wise to h, repeal or modify them, when tho public te mind is calm, and commercial confidence r, shall have been restored. Iu enacting it- statue law, the statesman to whose wisdom >,1 and integrity the public welfare is entrust1, ed, will not, for the sake of doing someill thing when iu position, yield either to the d, crude suggestions of ins own observation, ic or to tho outside inlluence of opinions, creait, ted by undue excitement on the one hand, r,- or by interested iudividuulsor corporations on the other, is- Meanwhile, I may not omit to invite atal tention to the admirable operation of the a system of finance, separate from banks, I., i . 1 I - -L " - ... ujf ino reucrai Uov* to eminent?in sanctioning which, tiiat tiow voruuiont has entitled itself to the respect as aiiJ confidence which are due to superior in wi^doiu and foresight. During the recent ig confusion and consequent panic in coinIn niercial circles, it has done much to break it the crash upon the people of the unstable il- frame-work erected upon the credit syslie loin, and to save them from the full eflie foots of the collapse of an inflated bunk h, currency. ;e In a pecuniary sense, merely, salaried ie officers nre not injured by such convulsions, ig which must reduce prices. Hut of all ly classes, the least liable to be Rtfected by is- them is the planter, who is happily out of in debt, who properly drains and plows deep y his soil, and whose contented family illu-.ie trate, in their daily life, the beauties of <1 1 simplicity and virtue?the social chccrful10 ness of industry and a ju->t economy. Let to him send forward to market his crop, as it it, is prepared. Every sale that is made, ss every debt that is paid, every hundred ?e dollars which circulates from hand to hand. Id will help to restore the general credit, and y, to re-establish a healthy currency, so necn cssary to prosperous and stable markets, of Planters, as well as others, must submit nl to a reduction of prices. They are entitled, also, to claim the benefit ofa reduced u- scale in purchasing supplies. Although the r.f I I ?* - ' - ' * | iii.ii m l lor pruuuce must rule loWiT, it ct i will si u?u become healthy and compciisa?-?! tiuj?, it* Uic crops be not withheld. 1,1 Tmk Lwvs.?With my best discretion, ! 1 have endeavored to ensure a faithful exei cutiou of the Laws. Several eases of hard' ships, doubtless, have occurred. Where n* such have not been relieved by executive 1,0 interference, it lias been owing to the too v frequent instances of a similar kind, imy peratively requiring examples to deter , others from ollending. it is to be regretted that offences by ilrK lit it iratlic in spirituous liquors, with ne|r groes; especially, are so numclous. The 1S too prevalent taste for strong drink suge* gests this trade to the unprincipled, as the ;.1* ready means of making alivel iiood, or of 11 amassing ill-gotteu gains. As the difficulty of detection increases, it may be Well to e- revise the law and make some amendment id j as to its sanctions and the nature of its c- i penalties. In certain quarters the evils ft growing out of its infraction arc compliesis j ted, and threaten, unless cheeked to ben 1 come grave. v | It may bo in this, as in somo other cases, "d ; that tho law would bo efficacious if those ,s ; ?ho aro expected to enforce it were in ore 1 faithful and prompt. There is a tenderness is in our nature, which misapplied, deters men '1 : bom informing against offenders, and from j carrying oui may the law entrusted to their " I vigilance, Thorn exists, too, sometimes, an te 1 iudill'orniieo ns to a proper knowledge of the tc laws goueially, which, inexcusable in the 's citizen, aids tho bold man, whose design is 1* to profit hy disregarding their provisions, if liven soino who bear tho commission of the a? State scorn in ignorance of the law, pro* ic scribing their duties to act mainly on u" grounds of expediency and motive of poll'* cy. Surely tho citizen who accepts, much *> more ho who solicits a commission, should y inform himself as to tho duties of his stas | lion, and perform thorn to tho host of his " ! ability, faithfully. 11 , Whenever 1 have had occasion to inter it- ' fere at all with tho sentence of the Courts, >?' | in c i-e* whore tho penally was to ho inio dieted on tho person, either capitally or cor)' porally, I havo directed the Slicritf to con ' lino it* execution to tho prccinta of tho jail'f i yard, with the Clerk of the Court and some k> 1 few substantial citizens at witnesses. I I think that the law is deficient in on ting to provide some punishment for the offences which are technically call breaches of trust, or embezzlement, in c< tra-distinetion to larceny. The violatt ; of morality is the same in both?the c | ference between than, artificial a 1 shadowy; and i see no good reason w | the one should be visited with the m< degraded punishment known to our st i ute book, while the other passes unnotic* Recent experience has brought forcibly my notice, that some statutes, prescribi a severity of punishment which is notes sonant with the necessities, or the spirit the age, have been allowed, through ovi sight, to remain unrepealed, and thou I nearly obsolete, in fact are still of for legally. In this view I would rocomme a revision of the criminal law, and cons ering that this law is simple, and capal of being rendered comprehensible to persons of intelligence, I think its rcdi tion into a code would be advisable. .Federal Relations.? In the occash al discussions of the political position the State, I have taken no part, licgai ing it as well settled since the Con vent i of 1852, I perceive no room f<r mater differences amongst her citizens who wi . to agree. If there he a respectable t:u bcr who desire to associate themsclv with the general Democratic party nominating conventions, let them do without committing the State. While dulging the spirit of conciliation, howevi it behoves us to beware, lest in our ki feelings towards the distinguished citize of that party, we drift into the smo< eurri'iif .1* n-n i. ?? >' - '1*1... * ' ?1 } to tin; prejudices of birth, education ai association, men reared differently will < verge in sentiment from each other. I' peeially is this the case in relation to <1 nicstic slavery?an institution which exi ed when the American Constitution w j adopted, and was recognized thereby. I. the law of charity prevail in judging o I nr.ratio* I* - -J *' . iii |>icm;i*iii{; mm protect!! i the prope rty of our fathers in negro slav< 1 we deem ourselves entitled to the respt . aiul aid of all good men and wise stati men. Our ancestors, dealing with go ! and silver coin, bought the negro from t capitalist of Knglnnd and New Bnghr whose thriving trade, however abused many instances, was overruled by t Providence of God, to convert the bart j riau bushman of the African coast, in the orderly domestic, the Christian blat 1 laborer of America. Thoro arc few 1 suits more amazing in statistics than the which are produced by the fruits of tl , labor?-a labor which could no more I dispensed with by America now, th could the commerce and manufactures dependent on its productions. Tiik St ati'k of Washington.?One the last letters which 1 received from t late Senator Hotter, related to a copy, bronze, of I foudon's statute of Washin ton. which he reoommended should be pt chased by the Stato. It is pleasing to l ?wV iviittt i "* 11? inu a t'uuiiii ; poet of South Carolina, so far as it is inf enccd by her State policy, is obnoxious many politicians in America; ami some our own good men seem to believe, wi them, that it is chielly aristocratic pri which keeps her in position; that the in of South Carolina arrogate to theinsclv superior wisdom and patriotism, and their women superior virtue. Where; without arrogating to lb msclvcs any ; periority, the truth is, that whatever wisdom or patriotism <>r % irtue may cb; aeterise her people, are among the hap] consequences resulting from her instil lions, political, social and domestic. Lo may we cherish them. The comparative segregation of t State in politics heretofore, is not as hoj ful to soinc progressive minds, as the po er?the seeming order and harmony proceeding from combination with a i tional party. Kxpcriencc teaches the i cessity of tolerating extremes, even in po tics in order to secure ajust mean. IfSou Carolina has ever occupied the extreu f)os?tioa of isolation, it was not from chon >ut from the force of the patriotic prim pies which regulated her action, like t balance wheel whose motion, peculiar ai to the careless observer apparently m less, is yet so necessary to the success! and safe operation of the great engin There is, in fact, no disposition on the pn of this Slate to either tanalicism or isol tion. Politicians may wrangle, and pu lie journals may oppose one extreme opinion and argument against another; t people of the State will adhere to the ju medium. Venerating and preserving tho principles so essential to the rcserv< rights of the State, which are illustrated I the history of Carolina during the lastth ty years, thay will be ever ready and w ling to make common cause with the neig boring States, having a common inter*, to protect, and to unite as heretofore wi the general Democratic party in the Kit torial College, and in the Federal Cou oils, also, so long as those principles a duly respected in practice. Kansas.?Our friends in Kansas, vrl have struggled manfully to sustain an ur quul contest, are entitled to our symj thy, 'tis all we have a right to offer. N* withstanding the machinations of desig ing men there, and the perversion ofpo er, whether individual or convention: due to notions of expediency, I trn>t tli just counsels will yet prevail and ultima! ly establish in that devoted Territory system of (foveruinent conducive to tin true interest and the public welfare. Maine and Connecticut.?1 transn certain resolutions from the States Maine and Connecticut, which indicate t prevailing opinion of the Legislature fro which they emanate?so totally at va anee with our own. They protest ngnii: the late decision of the Supreme Court tho case of Scott vx. Sand ford. The p i litieal principles recognised by tin' dec i ion referred to, meet with the sanction j the people of South Carolina, who a plaud the wisdom of the decree in whi they are now judicially embodied. Owii lit- cur to the recollection of this great and >sc good man. Tt is a boon to mankind when ed the good God permits sometimes the wisjii dom of love, associated with faith and hope, on to be embodied in a human form, whoso lit' favor we inav look upon and admire. It nd is true that our debt of gratitude to his by memory cannot thus he paid; but it is due >st to ourselves that we should acknowledge at- it by some visible token, and it is due to jd. posterity to provide a monument, to which to ! the young may be pointed when curious rig | to realize the idea of his manly propor>n , tions, or when enjoined by their matrons of to study the character of Wushiugton, and er- I emulate the virtues w hieh adorn it. I pro* gh 1 pose that a statue be ordered and that ie, provisions be made for its erection with nd i the New State Capitol, id- I State Mauazine.?In the month of >le | February last, in making a visit to the :il 1 Magazine in Charleston, 1 discovered that iC- ! the proprietor of the land adjacent (Payne's Farm) had divided it into lots, allowing >n- sufficient room for streets, which the city of authorities h.ul caused to be traced. These rd- ; lots, by squares, in succession, were sold on , by auction in the city market. Conceivial j ing, forthwith, the inconvenience and dani>h ! ger to the property of the Stato that would m- | ensue from having persons settle in dweles lings of any sort, under the very walls of in the Magazine, and the loss which the Stato so would have to submit to hereafter, if de? in- sirous to dislodge them when once in poser. session, 1 did not hesitate to assume tho nd responsibility of instructing Mr. Yendon ns to purchase for the State all the lots and >th parts of lots between the State lands and i->- the line of the North-Eastern Railway, lu- After some delay this was at length acto eomplished, by the assistance of the Atof torncy-Geiieral, in the month of May, at a tb cost of *3,435 50 for the land, and *11 50 de for recording the titles, to which is to bo en added the sum of 07 for enclosing es the grounds. A portion of this tract i? Give Him a Titanic.? If Education is the great buckler ami shield of human liberty, welldeveh>ped Industry is equally llio buck, ler and shield ot individual independence, 'l( As an unfailing resource through life, give your son, equal with a good honest trade. ''Q I tetter any trade than none; there it ample I ; field for the adoption of every inclination in . this respect. Learned professions, and apej" cnlatiro employments may fail a man, but , an honost handicraft trade, seldom or never ? if its possessor choose to exercise it. Let ^ him feel, too, that hone?t l.?l?or crafts are honorable and noble. The men of trade* ?the real creators of whatever ia mne ea. aenlial to the nccesti!ios ami welfare of ^ mankind?cannot Ihj dispensed with; the? above all others, in whatever repute the? , I may bo held by their fastidious fellows niu*t work at the oar of human progress or 'j all is lost, liut few brown handed trade* . ' workers think of this, or appreciate the real |?. P?*ition And power of the whole compass. 1 Oivo your son a trade, no matter what fortune he may have or may seem likely to ^ j inherit. Oivo him a trade and an educa. ro ' tion?at any rate a trade. With thia he %' can always bo independent.? Spirit qf th* ,T.; Censure is willingly indulged, because it an , always implies some Mipctiority. Mer, so | please themselves with imagining that they ! have made .1 deeper search, or wider anr. of vey than others, and detector) faults which he o>capo vulgar notice. ,g. Wo should often be ashamed of our best ir- actions, if tbe world knew the real motives -c* which produced Aeui. A to low mar>h, covered by the tide*, and at is, present valueless, except lor privilege; but ?u- the convenience of transportation by waof t.T on the East, and by railway on tho w- West, renders it practicable to fill theso [?y portions whenever it may be desirable, in- Hie probability is, that the whole properug ty will rather appreciate in value than otherwise, in the course of years. It will he be proper and safe to close the streets of >e- the city so far as they run through this \v- property. I recommend that this be done ? by authority of law at your present Sesla sion. 10- CHARLESTON AND MkUPIUB. The pr??11 en t year has been signalized by the com pieth tiou of tho connected railway coinmutiicaue lion between tho Atlantic at Charleston and v, Savannah, and the river Mississippi at . i- Memphis, in the State of Tennessee. This he happy event was duly celebrated by the id municipal authorities of the cities at either ?e- end of the lino, in May and June last. Ia ut North Latitude 32 deg. 40 min. 1 witnessed ic. the meeting of the waters?those of the >rt turbid Mississippi poured into the briny At* la- lantic; and on the part of the Slate I gave b- welcome to our neighbors of Georgia, and of 1 to our common frieuds from the Valley of he I the .Mississippi. ist | 1 trust it will not t>? long before the rail* so ; ways froiu Memphis and Nashville aud L'd ; Ivnoxville will dehouche into South Caroli* y ! na through the Blue Ridge mountains. I ir- had the satisfaction to witness the progress il- of the tunnel ou this line, iu the month of ;h- August. I recognised on that occasion the st triumphs of science at every step, in the ex* lh celleul dispositions of the engineers. The >- - best spirit seemed to prevail among engiu? nee re, contractors, and laborers, re Geological Survey and Registration. ? 1 trust the General Assembly will con* ho tinuo its patronage to the Geological Surto vey of the Stale, and to the Registration of >n- tho Births, Deaths and Marriages. Difti>t cullies must attend both undertakings, in ;? their incipiency. But I atn persuaded that w* | in the clever repoils on those subjects, you d, will find reason to be encouraged iu pur* at | suing them. The report of the Geological l?-- ' Surveyor, nnd that of the Adjutant and In* a spectur General, are herewith submitted, it" | together with Major Parker's report on the | variations of tho Magnetic Needle, iit 1 That your deliberation?1 may he directed of for tho good to the public weal is my sin* ho ! cere prayer. in ! Into your hands the nftuiis of the com* ri. tuonweiillh are committed. St j __ II. _F. \V. ALLSTON.