The Carolina Spartan. (Spartanburg, S.C.) 1852-1896, December 03, 1857, Image 1
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THE CAROLINA SPARTAN. ^
by gavis & tbihmieb. Dftrfltffr to ?>0utl)crn ftigtyts, Politico, ftgricuUuraritx iitiscfUmuj. $2 peb ahhbk.
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VOL. XIV. ~ SPARTANBURG, S. C., THURSDAY, DECEMBER 3, 1857! " == NO. 41.
THE CAROLINA SPARTAN.
BY CAVIS <fc TRIMMIEXt.
T-0. P. VERNOIT Associate Editor^
Pfi?fl Two Dollars per annum iu advance, or i
at Ilio c:iil of the year. If not paid uutil
after the year expiree $3.Oil.
Pay in nt trill bo considered in advance if made
witi :n three months.
No 'i.i'iscription takeu for less than six months.
Money may bo remitted through postmasters at
onr risk.
Advertisements inserted at the usual rates, and
contracts mado on reason able terms.
Tito SrART.%* circulates largely over this nnd
adj oining districts, ottd oiTers an admirable medium
tc our friends to reach customers.
Job work of all kinds promptly executed.
R!.mk?, r.aw and Equity, continually ou hand or
ptint-l to order.
CAROLINA"SPARTAN!
MESSAGE OF
GOV. R. F. W, ALLSTON,
TO THE
Senate and House ot Representatives.
DELIVERED NOVEMBER 24, 1857.
Executive Department, Columbia, S. C.,
November 23, 1857.
Fellow Citizens of the Senate ami House of
Jleprcsen tali ves:
Assembling as you do for the public service
from every election District in the
State, representing all professions and occupations,
you bear with you, doubtless, a
grateful sense of the present blessings enjoyed
by our citizens of health and bountiful
harvests, and will cheerfully unite with
roe in aspirations of praise to the Almighty
Power, by whom alono they are bestowed.
In view of all the circumstances by which
wo are surrounded, our people cannot have
too scrupulous a regard to individual integrity,
nor can wo too strictly guard
against the failings which peculiarly beset
us, assured that a practical life, which best
illustrates a due sense of duty to God and
our neighbor, constitutes the most acceptable
service to him who orders the a (lairs of
men, and whose eyes are upon us all.
It must ueeds be that sickness nnd death
visit avery community, striking down the
youttiliil ana aged, mo Vigorous and active, I
as well as the infirm. If wo have seen the
energetic minds, industrious powers and
generous impulses of friends and public
servants stilled in death, we have left to us
the iuesliinablc satisfaction of knowing that
(.hey met their fate with courage in the path
of duty. Since your last session, death has
deprived tho delegation to Congress from
this State of two valued members. In the
month of February, the Hot:. Preston S.
Brooks, while in tbe midst of active public
duty, engaged in a course of usefulness and
honor, and winning by his manly conduct
and sterling worth, the confidence and admiration
of members, was removed to another
sphere. Tho only official intimation I had
of Mr. Prooks1 death, was communicated on
the '25:h of March, by one of uur Sonatina,
the late Judge Puller. Within two mouths
from that dale, lie, too, was laid in the si
lent grave, beside his gallant relative and
friend. Excitable and cousuieulious as lie
was, the labors of the lust Congress had
proved too much for him. Honorable and
fair in dispatching business?vigilant and
faithful in iiis peculiar tru?t?diligent, spirl
il.u .1:?i i.. I
??uv?f uii?j UVIU ill Ui^Cllill^HI^ llf IliJI UUI ?UU>
sensibilities were too highly wrought upon,
and the tension of his ttieutal energies loo
incessant to bo longer endured by tlio physical
frame. Soon after reaching the coveted
quiet of Iris own home, he sank into
the arius of death, universally regretted by
his associates in life, mourned ami lamented
by his constituents?the people of this
State.
The vacancy created in tho Fourth Congressional
Di-lrict, has been tilled bv the
election of Gun. Milledge L. Bonham, of
Edgetiold, who was commissioned iu May
last.
In place of the lion. A. P. Butler, I have
made no temporary appointment. You will
doubtless appreciate the importance of supplying
tho vacancy by joini ballot of both
Ilouses without delay, in order that the new
Seuator may be enabled to take his seat in
tho next Congress nt an early day of t jo 1
bonjIOU. lliero is yet to be mentioned the 1
name of another venerable citizen, once in- '
tin. My and prominently associated with
the Government of both the State and the 1
United States, whoso loss we deplore, and 1
to \G.330 brilliant career of early service I
Hi../ be permitted to allude. Erect and !
commanding in stature, tip to the day of bis 1
last illness, grave and dignilicd in deport- 1
niont, wise in council, firm, lesolute, and 1
faithful iu tho practice of his profession and I
the dutios of life, such was Langdon Chevcs. '
Successful in life, full of honors, and pros
Irate only under the weight of years, lie has 1
been laid in tho grave by grateful country- 1
tnon and weeping friends, with all tho sol- I
orunitios and respectful observances duo to '
such an occasion. 11 a was tho last of tho 1
di-'.hguisbed trio, who, by their ability, in- 1
legrity, and courage rendered tho South '
Carolina Delegation iu Congress, during tho '
War of 1812. so distinguished and infiuon. '
- n ' " ~'* t
tial. Together they labored nobly and ell]ciontly
in thoso days of fearful excitement '
and trying difficulty, for tho welfare and 1
honor of their country. The Navy, which (
jt was Mr. Cheves' peculiar care to devclopo J
and cherish?tho Navy, bearing its ting and 4
loaving its namo triumphant upon every '
sea, taught tho proud foe a losson of justice, f
to recogniso America as an equal among 1
the nations of the earth. The wnr houora- t
bly closed and a peace establishment settled, "
lie rotired from tho Speakor's chair to sorve I
his Slate in the Judiciary Department, until s
called on by President Monroo to adminis- 1
tor tho Bank of flio iiqited States. Absent
ten yoar.s, ho returned to tho quiet b
of his nalivo hills, procmtroltolStlio South 1
the danger which ho had hr^i(f, /
simultaneously with his distin^WnKm|d tJ
poor in tho tendency of Fedoial
Beyond occasional counsel, ho declined
participation in public life, until the year r
1-960. Then, at tho ago of rovonty-four, ho f<
appeared at Nashville, as a member of tho]
Southern Convention, intent to perform to
the last his part, by warning bis countrymen
against the policy of a majority in
Congress, which,substituting expediency for
principle, was gradually sapping the Constitution,
and threatening ultimately tho
rights of the Stales. His last public act
was signing the Ordinance of 1852?passed
by tho Slato Convention, of which ho was
a member. Past the ago of four-score years,
! having long survived his groat co-laborers
and worthy colleagues, Lowndes and Calhoun,
he, too, is gono. Like them, he has
left us, in his upright example in all public
stations, in tho loftiness, the punt)', the simplicity
of his character, in tho truth, and
power, and grandeur of his eloquence a
legacy of priceless wealth.
The South Carolina. College.?This
Institution, so deservedly cheiidied by the
people of the Slato for its usefulness, as well
as its renown, has undergone, since your
adjournment, a severe trial, owing to the
indiscretion of youth and some mistaken
notions of honor, which have obtained
among the students, together with the want
of aptitude and power to administer the laws
of tho College, which unhappily character- j
ized the President, a man distinguished for :
science, and otherwise of practical useful- .
ncss, who, as Professor of Mathematics, was j
eminently competent, able and valuable. I
Called together at an extraordinary meet- I
ing in the month of June, tho Board of
Trustees deemed it essential to the duo performance
of their trust to re organize the
Government of the College. Accordingly,
tho members of the Faculty were invited to
resign. President McCay had previously
tendered his resignation, and tho exercises
of the Collcgo were suspended till the 1st
of October, thus making the annual vaca- '
lion eighteen days longer than usual, and
dispensing, necessarily, with tho Juue examination.
Assembling again in tho mouth
of September, .-it no littln doi-bohm! in??nnv?.
' - I - [
nience, llio 1 of Trustees have deemed '
it wise to restore the greater number of the '
Professors to the duties of a Faculty, as- ;
binning to each individual the charge of
the various brandies of learning in such
order, as, it is supposed, will ensure, hereafter,
their greater usefulness and eflicieucy.
liy* a temporary arrangement, which was
ordered by the Board of Trustees, the duties
of the Mathematical Department has !
been assigned to the Professors of Natural
Science, and of Chemistry. It is to ho hoped
licit this important chair will ho deiinilcly
tilled before the close of tho year. However
universally it be admitted, that the Classics '
should constitute the leading feature in the
leading Literary Institution of tho Stale,
Vet in a community of planters aud farmers, j
where agriculture prevails, even iu connec- i
lion with the learned professions, the iin- 1
nnrloivfl .1" T-5 ? !
i ? ?. ijjuuuiuisiij-, our- i
veying, Mensuration anil Mechanics, cannot
bo overlooked in completing tlio education
of youth, nor should wo fail ot inviting llje
students to a duo understanding of Agronomy,
Natural and Experimental Philosophy,
Natural History and General Science.
Again, Chemistry, Geology, Mineralogy
and Meteorology, wi.h lectures uud experiments
on the application of Chemistry, (Jo
ology and Electricity to agriculture, constitute
an essential branch for which a Professor
is provided. Until June the President
of the College was, also, Professor of
Mathematics. Since September, the Professors
LeCoute have attended to the duties
of this chair in conjunction with their own
As regards discipline, it would be derogatory
to the just intlueuco of parents, supposing
them to have done their duly to
their children at homo, and humiliating to
our common nature, to maintain that intelligent
and nearly grown young gentlemen,
need strict surveillance at College; to
be kept in order by the force of authority
whilst they are profiling by the ample
means to pursue the higher mathematics,
and to accomplish themselves in classical
literature, which the Slate has so wisely
and liberally furnished for their benefit.
No! let the Senior members of College act
with discretion, moderation and decorum,
and let the vouncrer be controlled hv iln*ir
precept and example. It does not often !
happen that men who are devoted to study,
either scientific or literary, (and it is with j
such men, chiefly that the Professorial :
chairs must ho lilted.) are found to possess |
among their other gilts administrative i d- ! i
ents. Young gentlemen of eightceu or 1
nineteen years of ago should know sonio
what how to govern themselves. Until tho
Undents of the College shall become alive I
lo a senso of their personal responsibility to ]
.ho State and to themselves, tho very best '
idininistralion of tho College laws, as a I
government, is destined often to fail. On <
mtering Collego each student signs "the 1
Roll," tho captain of which embraces a J
pledge to conform lo tho regulations, and t
,o avoid unlawful combinations. On tho ' ,
ate occasion tho young gentlemen seem t<> ]
i;ive persuaded themselves that, in repudia- ]
: it.. -?.i - ?- * -?
my iiiu aunioruy 01 mo lresident, they i
were acting individually, nut in combina* (
ion. Yet, after a conference with tlio l'ro- <
essors, it was manifest to tho Hoard that ( (
ilinost the whole Collego was implicated. |
I he students deemed it a point of honor to i
tustain tho class, which refused to recite to ,
heir chief Professor, becauso tlioy had |
juestionod his integrity and condemned his ,
tdministrntivo ability. Here is evidence of i
ixtonsivo combination, yet no student was
nade conscious of it. It was deemed ne- 'j
:es6ary that tho Trustees be assembled to . ;i
nslruct the Faculty as to their execution of *
ho laws of the College. Our young men <
ire commended to the seutiiuenl, well ex- (
iressed elsewhere by an ublo writer, him* t
elf an alumnus of the College, "Obodienco t
o law and to lawful authority is honor." ,
Aksknai. and Ciuiiki. Academies.?I c
>eg leavo to refer you to the Report of tho t
foard of Visitors of tho Slato Military , c
Icadomioa, which are flourishing as over, n
Tjeir order and discipline aro exemplary, j ?
Mfl^aduuting Class of this year, consist- , I
out to society in its va- n
who, as hereto- { 1
>re, by thoir to ' c
be useful, will do credit to their training, Arst
and to the State whose patronage they have even
shared. also
Fkee Schools.?Tho Free Schools aro 11
doing more good than they have been al- art 4
lowed credit for. Wherever educated gan- mal<
tlemen of the country have generously interested
themselves in tho subject, and with PUP'
commendable zeal and public spirit have l'lu '
devoted a portion of their energies to the Wl
success of tho schools, tho law has operated &res:
well. As a basis for a practical system, re- so '?
garding tho character of our population and )'oU,|
tho geographical peculiarities of the Stato, ra' ^
I havo not been able to arrange ono more ",ru
satisfactory. Let its provisions, with some
amendment, bo faithfully and judiciously . I'1
executed, with consideration for those chief- ^''io
ly intciested, and it will discover itself to l>rC!K
our community a system at once available, barn
useful and creditable, inviting and reward- rovei
ing tho services of qualified teachers, a sup- ^?po
ply of whom cannot bo too early provided <>3,0i
for. Tho excellent public school which has var)
been orgnnized iu Oliailesion by the Com- rL'tl,r
roissioners of St. Philips and St. Michaels, ' ^
will very soon furnish a number of young ,,u'> 4
persons who, it inay ho hoped, will do out 4
something towards introducing into other l''l'
portions of tho Stato, the benefits of the iin- rcP<)1
proved system under which they have been
trained. I recommend that provision bo ^\4"'
made for tho establishment, without delay, '
of ono or more Normal Schools, at which keen
tho promising pupils from tho schools be- lu.r."'
low may bo further educated for tho purpose,
and trained to tho art of teaching.
Theso arc admirable institutions, and, if
well managed, cannot f ill to send forth the l''51'
young people of the State into the business j11 1'*
of life ? ; witnesses of their usefulness. Tlioy In? ;l
are eminently entitled to the notice of be- '"r ll
nevolent and public spirited citizens of calMl
wealth, who may desire to render useful to
their kind, a portiou of the surplus moans Lir,"u
with which they have been blessed. The
first Normal School in America was founded
on an ollering of ?10,000, for tlio pur- '*a"k
pose, bv Mr. Dwight, a wealthy citizen of NXilSl
Massachusetts, to which the State added ltj
?10,000, and tho thing was soon accom- ^;lllU
plished. I have seen that school in success- '
ful operation, and freely give you my bo
lief, that a State which pretends to sustain
a general system of public education should 'kink
not remain a year without a school of tho NV:l^ '
kind for the regular supply of competent
and accustomed teachers. In otdcr to add in
effect to the system by furnishing tlio moans cd to
for self-regulation, and by which may bo Bank
imparted to it equal usefulness in every porti
portion of tho Stale, I recommend that the the
several Boards of Commissioners of ITeo travc
Schools bo authorized by law to raise, by York
assessment on the amount of general taxes said,
iu their respective Election Districts, a suiu point
of money equal to that appropriated by the too fi
State out of the public Treasury, to be ex- granl
peuded and accounted for in like manner, woul
Whenever tlie funds can be raised for tho big ii
purpose, I think it would contribute to the is-uie
welfare of the Slate to establish also a Ma- prop
line School, at the port of Chat lesion. in its
ASYLUM FOR THE IJlCAF AND iJt.'MO AM) <>f d
hie Ulino.?I transmit the Kepoit of the corp?
l'rincipal of the Asylum for deaf mutes ami in fill
the blind. Tlio public works there are in to tli
progress, ami 1 am happy to have it in my it
power, by aiding in the expenditure o| the sped
public money, to contribute somewhat to scour
the liberal establishment of this high chart- soma
tv. Among the blind, as well as the deaf cum
and dumb, trades are beginning to occupy suppi
(Ins mind and the hands of p.ipils, thus as the 1
suring them of their ability to be helpful, not
and cultivating a wholesome self-respect some
and cheerful industry. Soon will grow up adop
a colony of pupils on ti e lands of the State, condi
and a society which will ho independent -md t
and thriving, by their various trades and muni
occupations. The Commissioners will seo the S
to its regulation in due lime. Tltcso good of t\v
eiizens have performed so well the service 1 r
of the State in this regard?so consistent ry In
and disinterested liavo been their labors? inter
?o judicious their arrangements for the j ui:
bent-lit of their charge, that 1 have great this i
satisfaction in co-operating with tliem ex j atiotl
ofticio. I recommend that they ho invited it, be
to embrace within the sphere of their super- ho pr
vision the public education under the Free I nut, u
School laws; that they be authorized to or- j ^vr li
ganize and establish one or more Normal the b
Sclrools in each div'sion of the Stale for the ' "tun
preparation of teachers, and to introduce ' sboul
and explain improvements in the method-, ing i
at instruction. They should he allowed, scone
whilo on duty, during the recess of the I?auk
Legislature, the pav and mileage of mom - the n
hers. Hitherto they have received no com- will
peusation beyond that which a lines froin liever
ho consciousness of rendering good service , ding
to the State, and kind odicos lo the inter- profit
Siting objects of their care. j Si
Tiie Dk La IIowk School at Lethe.? g-rrd;
During the last Summer, in making a th? ,i
nilitary tour through tho State, a day was r;'tc
levoted lo the school rat Lotho, in Abbeville your
msirici loumieU l>y 111 o will of Dr. John as t.?
l)e La Howe, at the closn cf the Inst cctilii- i whid
y. lie devises the land on which ho rosi- \ s''
led, with all his land adjacent, his library,, eivdii
fcc., itc., for the purposes of keeping up tlio u'
arm and establishing a school for tho nip suppi
>ort and education of twolvo boys and |
welro girls, of Abbeville District, so as to a ship
jiialify ihoin to inako intelligent and useful 1 Vl
armors and farmers' wives, and especially ""'"b
ccoinmcnds that tho principles i?f ch'inistnj >L I
>o taught, so far as they aro applicable to 1
rractiual agriculluro and domestic economy, "ppo1
I'll us it is, indeed, a valuable nucleus of ''ig u
igricultural education, worthy of tlio con- i <>(
deration and onlightencd patronage of tho I'-iuk;
ieneral Assembly. It is the foundation of! conin
i benevolent foreigner, whose remains are voivr
hero entombed, and whose example is enti dm in
led to lasting honor and influence. I have 1 ho s
ecoinmended to tho worthy Commission- a "an
irs, who now dovolo tlicir timo ami ut ten - on "'e
ion to its intcreots, to raise the standard ?>f l' lJ ''
iducalion in proportion as their means will value
dlow. A diiticulty in tlio way of their l, r ?
[renter usefulness, they represent !o me, pi'ivil
ics in their want of places for their pupils i ''ills,
ifter completing their term of four years. ?'ow*
f they ware authorized, by law, to send prcso
mo of their young luon annually to the 'he Ct
k
nal Acmlemy, at Columbia, or four,
two in tho courso of four years, a
within tlio same term, four of the gi
Normal School, iu order to learn t
>f teaching, thin obstacle might ul
;ly bo passed. Their teacher, tl
, is a young tuau, formerly one of th
Is, who has passed successfully throu,
bur years course of the State Acadcini
i?uld contribute materially to tho pi
i of that kind of education, which li
ng been desired in Carolina, if tl
ig man could be sent to an Agiicult
ichool in Europe for two years, and i
to take charge of the Lethe Schc
years, in compensation.
NANcii and Banks.?The financial cc
11 of the State is sound, though at I
ml moment necessarily somewhat ci
issed. Without including tho surpl
mo, $1,061,422 09, which is held <
.-it, tho debt of the Slate amounts
39.(531 60, drawing interest at an
ing from 3 to 0 per cent. Tho tax
lied for tho last fiscal year aro $10
65. Tho ordinary annual oxpeiiscs
sxeoed $360,000. Lut tho payinet
if tho Treasury tho past year far exce
sum For particulars, I refer to t
rt of the Comptroller General,
iu same report will present the monl
diibit of tho condition of the Haul
liin ten years tile number of Banks h
increased to twenty, which are l
d monthly, with an aggregate capit
1,837,<>-11 25, with a specie basis
ember of $yiH),3y9 70, and a line
e.-.tic exchange amounting to $10,2(5;
98. Of the last sum sixoftho Ban
e commercial city of Charleston, ha
i capital of $8, 1557.012 25 returm
licr part only $3,027,057 73. Tl
al of the ti n Banks first named in t
it amounts to $ 10,137,(>42 25; tin
la?ion f >r S |U? anbcr was ?3,3^9,82
specie on hand, for tlie same mont
,011) 15. The circulation of the sail
;s, as shown in the mouth of Octobi
&3,sO0,IiO4, and their specie ainoui
> $43l},sl)3 '.'5. The ten Banks la
d, having U.gcthcr a capital of $
)00, returned for vheir circulation
ember $3,715,311; specie on hail
,150 21. The circulation of the san
;s, as shown in tho October cxhib
?3,218,315 50; specie on hand, ?20'
11.
the first half of the year, I was plea
> learn that the bills of the priuuip
,s in South Carolina constituted still
on of the most approved currency
West, niul were available, also,
filers as far North as the city of Nc
:. Those of the smaller Banks, it w
wore sometimes found, at certa
.s in the Western States, circulatii
reely and in too great numbers,
ling charters hereafter, 1 think
d lie well to confine the Hanks to de;
l exchange, discount and deposit. Ti
of bills for currency should be tl
gativc of the Hank of the State, wliie
turn, should be denied the privilei
ealing in domestic exchange. Ti
nations which demand a circulatii
um for their business, should app
e State authority for the same, depe
one-third of the amount desired
e, and the remainder in satisfactoi
ities, so as to assure the public of tl
Iness and convertibility of a mix*
ney. This suggestion is made on tl
osition that the .State will adhere
tank of the Slate as its fiscal ngot
because 1 prefer it as such. I'ulc
: such modification of the system 1
led, 1 am of the opinion that it won
uce to the soundness of thecurrctie
noro to the interest of the whole coi
ty, to have the hanking business
itate done by six corporations, inste;
enty.
ecommeiul that the laws against us
) repealed, leaving the legal rate
est at 7 per cent., where no contra
l ie. Acknowledging the principle
eforia us sound, 1 have hitherto,
icr capacity, refrained from prcssit
lieving tli.it the public mind slioui
"epared for it by full discussion.
o\v of opinion that it should no lo
>e postponed. Money is entitled 1
eiietit of a market as well as ever
nudity. And the owner of mom
d not be denied the privilege of leu
l except through the artificial, at
times costly medium of corporalioi
>, too, should he allowed to take, li
sc of money loaned, whatever it
i ill the market, and be thereby r
1 from the tempting facility of ev
tho law in order to increase the
sfKNsio.v or Si-ken: I'aymknts.?K
tig the recent revulsion in finance an
inviicv, I will not attempt to enuin
ts causes, but will venture to direi
attention not so much to the Haul
the system of banking. A systel
i sanctions the issue of paper mom
large an amount, leading to inllati
s, inflated prices, extravagant huhi
ing and reckless speculation, may 1
)sed calculated to produce a oris
r or later. Tho unhappy sinking i
i Willi 11! i I 1 i ki? |V. ?? k I Vk I I*, kfi . 1 . ...?
Itw... > .H.IV. .11.1, K,i .III
suflioicntly e.viting to create a in
?ry panic, was enough to preeipita!
t lias hail tlie I'llect to paralyze tl
)f honest industry, wherever labor
< 1 to capital?to depress the opci
larkct for produce?and to intoa
nilidence between man and man. Tl
* in this Slate were. eHected by tl
ion pani.*, and lelt the pressure s
y?some of them yielding to its ii
e, have suspended specie payment
tuspeiittiot) of specie pay ments 1)
k, is a failure to redeem its not*
man I -a forfeiture of its promise l
11 gold or silver, current coin, the fu
ot every hill issued, from its eoui
a promise, on which is hascd tl
ege granted hy the State, to issi
and to circulate them as eurreiic;
iver, it may he supposed to alibi
ut relief to the business interests i
nintry, which, unfortunately, are ?
or wound up with the banks as to sutler in>
ml evitibly from the contraction of their credrls
its and their stringent demands, it is delio
moralizing in its tendency.
Ili- The bunks of this State, with which I am
liis not at all familiar, are well udministcrd.
f?ir Several of them have bravely withstood
?h the schock, and are prepared to do a legities.
mate business us usual. All, it is believed,
ro- are solvent. If however, there be some,
ias so dependent upon the banks and brokers
lit of New York, as to fail in their pledges to
.u- the public, when the Northern banks fail
ro- it is their misfortune to have to answer for
>ol the sins of others, as well as for their own
mismanagement. The consequences to
>n- the quiet, uninitiated and the laboring
ho community, are alike distrust and loss,
in leading to want and suffering, too often to
us moral ruin and crime. The State, too,
on sutlers from the abstraction of coin and
to the depreciation of credit in the sale of her
ite bonds, both for building the New State
;es Capitol and for aiding the construction of
the Hluo ilidgc ltnilroud. (Of the former,
i]o I signed 400 certificates on the 5th March,
its and of the latter ICO on the 4th May.)
ed Whatever the exigency, it will he long
he before confidence is generally restored, and
commerce can move tranquilly and safely
di- iu its usual channels, though not near so
ts. long, 1 trust, as iu 1807. Then the susas
pension in Charleston took place in May,
e- and lasted 15 months; now it occurs in
al October, at the opening of a business seain
son, with a fair, (though not large,) crop
of of cotton and rice on hand, as the basis of
r?,- commercial communication with eapitulks
ists of the home market, and of exchange
,v- with Europe.
lm1 The moment of excitement, apprchenlie
sion and financial pressure, is not a time
lie to legislate respecting the hanks. The ex ir
isting laws, if sound, will be vindicated ill
(1; I practice; if otherwise, it will be wise to
h, repeal or modify them, when tho public
te mind is calm, and commercial confidence
r, shall have been restored. Iu enacting
it- statue law, the statesman to whose wisdom
>,1 and integrity the public welfare is entrust1,
ed, will not, for the sake of doing someill
thing when iu position, yield either to the
d, crude suggestions of ins own observation,
ic or to tho outside inlluence of opinions, creait,
ted by undue excitement on the one hand,
r,- or by interested iudividuulsor corporations
on the other,
is- Meanwhile, I may not omit to invite atal
tention to the admirable operation of the
a system of finance, separate from banks,
I., i . 1 I - -L " -
... ujf ino reucrai Uov*
to eminent?in sanctioning which, tiiat tiow
voruuiont has entitled itself to the respect
as aiiJ confidence which are due to superior
in wi^doiu and foresight. During the recent
ig confusion and consequent panic in coinIn
niercial circles, it has done much to break
it the crash upon the people of the unstable
il- frame-work erected upon the credit syslie
loin, and to save them from the full eflie
foots of the collapse of an inflated bunk
h, currency.
;e In a pecuniary sense, merely, salaried
ie officers nre not injured by such convulsions,
ig which must reduce prices. Hut of all
ly classes, the least liable to be Rtfected by
is- them is the planter, who is happily out of
in debt, who properly drains and plows deep
y his soil, and whose contented family illu-.ie
trate, in their daily life, the beauties of
<1 1 simplicity and virtue?the social chccrful10
ness of industry and a ju->t economy. Let
to him send forward to market his crop, as it
it, is prepared. Every sale that is made,
ss every debt that is paid, every hundred
?e dollars which circulates from hand to hand.
Id will help to restore the general credit, and
y, to re-establish a healthy currency, so necn
cssary to prosperous and stable markets,
of Planters, as well as others, must submit
nl to a reduction of prices. They are entitled,
also, to claim the benefit ofa reduced
u- scale in purchasing supplies. Although the
r.f I I ?* - ' - ' *
| iii.ii m l lor pruuuce must rule loWiT, it
ct i will si u?u become healthy and compciisa?-?!
tiuj?, it* Uic crops be not withheld.
1,1 Tmk Lwvs.?With my best discretion,
! 1 have endeavored to ensure a faithful exei
cutiou of the Laws. Several eases of hard'
ships, doubtless, have occurred. Where
n* such have not been relieved by executive
1,0 interference, it lias been owing to the too
v frequent instances of a similar kind, imy
peratively requiring examples to deter
, others from ollending.
it is to be regretted that offences by ilrK
lit it iratlic in spirituous liquors, with ne|r
groes; especially, are so numclous. The
1S too prevalent taste for strong drink suge*
gests this trade to the unprincipled, as the
;.1* ready means of making alivel iiood, or of
11 amassing ill-gotteu gains. As the difficulty
of detection increases, it may be Well to
e- revise the law and make some amendment
id j as to its sanctions and the nature of its
c- i penalties. In certain quarters the evils
ft growing out of its infraction arc compliesis
j ted, and threaten, unless cheeked to ben
1 come grave.
v | It may bo in this, as in somo other cases,
"d ; that tho law would bo efficacious if those
,s ; ?ho aro expected to enforce it were in ore
1 faithful and prompt. There is a tenderness
is in our nature, which misapplied, deters men
'1 : bom informing against offenders, and from
j carrying oui may the law entrusted to their
" I vigilance, Thorn exists, too, sometimes, an
te 1 iudill'orniieo ns to a proper knowledge of the
tc laws goueially, which, inexcusable in the
's citizen, aids tho bold man, whose design is
1* to profit hy disregarding their provisions,
if liven soino who bear tho commission of the
a? State scorn in ignorance of the law, pro*
ic scribing their duties to act mainly on
u" grounds of expediency and motive of poll'*
cy. Surely tho citizen who accepts, much
*> more ho who solicits a commission, should
y inform himself as to tho duties of his stas
| lion, and perform thorn to tho host of his
" ! ability, faithfully.
11 , Whenever 1 have had occasion to inter
it- ' fere at all with tho sentence of the Courts,
>?' | in c i-e* whore tho penally was to ho inio
dieted on tho person, either capitally or cor)'
porally, I havo directed the Slicritf to con '
lino it* execution to tho prccinta of tho jail'f
i yard, with the Clerk of the Court and some
k> 1 few substantial citizens at witnesses.
I I think that the law is deficient in on
ting to provide some punishment for the
offences which are technically call
breaches of trust, or embezzlement, in c<
tra-distinetion to larceny. The violatt
; of morality is the same in both?the c
| ference between than, artificial a
1 shadowy; and i see no good reason w
| the one should be visited with the m<
degraded punishment known to our st
i ute book, while the other passes unnotic*
Recent experience has brought forcibly
my notice, that some statutes, prescribi
a severity of punishment which is notes
sonant with the necessities, or the spirit
the age, have been allowed, through ovi
sight, to remain unrepealed, and thou
I nearly obsolete, in fact are still of for
legally. In this view I would rocomme
a revision of the criminal law, and cons
ering that this law is simple, and capal
of being rendered comprehensible to
persons of intelligence, I think its rcdi
tion into a code would be advisable.
.Federal Relations.? In the occash
al discussions of the political position
the State, I have taken no part, licgai
ing it as well settled since the Con vent i
of 1852, I perceive no room f<r mater
differences amongst her citizens who wi
. to agree. If there he a respectable t:u
bcr who desire to associate themsclv
with the general Democratic party
nominating conventions, let them do
without committing the State. While
dulging the spirit of conciliation, howevi
it behoves us to beware, lest in our ki
feelings towards the distinguished citize
of that party, we drift into the smo<
eurri'iif .1* n-n i. ?? >' - '1*1... * ' ?1
} to tin; prejudices of birth, education ai
association, men reared differently will <
verge in sentiment from each other. I'
peeially is this the case in relation to <1
nicstic slavery?an institution which exi
ed when the American Constitution w
j adopted, and was recognized thereby. I.
the law of charity prevail in judging o
I nr.ratio* I* - -J *'
. iii |>icm;i*iii{; mm protect!!
i the prope rty of our fathers in negro slav<
1 we deem ourselves entitled to the respt
. aiul aid of all good men and wise stati
men. Our ancestors, dealing with go
! and silver coin, bought the negro from t
capitalist of Knglnnd and New Bnghr
whose thriving trade, however abused
many instances, was overruled by t
Providence of God, to convert the bart
j riau bushman of the African coast, in
the orderly domestic, the Christian blat
1 laborer of America. Thoro arc few 1
suits more amazing in statistics than the
which are produced by the fruits of tl
, labor?-a labor which could no more
I dispensed with by America now, th
could the commerce and manufactures
dependent on its productions.
Tiik St ati'k of Washington.?One
the last letters which 1 received from t
late Senator Hotter, related to a copy,
bronze, of I foudon's statute of Washin
ton. which he reoommended should be pt
chased by the Stato. It is pleasing to l
?wV iviittt i "* 11? inu a t'uuiiii ;
poet of South Carolina, so far as it is inf
enccd by her State policy, is obnoxious
many politicians in America; ami some
our own good men seem to believe, wi
them, that it is chielly aristocratic pri
which keeps her in position; that the in
of South Carolina arrogate to theinsclv
superior wisdom and patriotism, and
their women superior virtue. Where;
without arrogating to lb msclvcs any ;
periority, the truth is, that whatever
wisdom or patriotism <>r % irtue may cb;
aeterise her people, are among the hap]
consequences resulting from her instil
lions, political, social and domestic. Lo
may we cherish them.
The comparative segregation of t
State in politics heretofore, is not as hoj
ful to soinc progressive minds, as the po
er?the seeming order and harmony
proceeding from combination with a i
tional party. Kxpcriencc teaches the i
cessity of tolerating extremes, even in po
tics in order to secure ajust mean. IfSou
Carolina has ever occupied the extreu
f)os?tioa of isolation, it was not from chon
>ut from the force of the patriotic prim
pies which regulated her action, like t
balance wheel whose motion, peculiar ai
to the careless observer apparently m
less, is yet so necessary to the success!
and safe operation of the great engin
There is, in fact, no disposition on the pn
of this Slate to either tanalicism or isol
tion. Politicians may wrangle, and pu
lie journals may oppose one extreme
opinion and argument against another; t
people of the State will adhere to the ju
medium. Venerating and preserving tho
principles so essential to the rcserv<
rights of the State, which are illustrated I
the history of Carolina during the lastth
ty years, thay will be ever ready and w
ling to make common cause with the neig
boring States, having a common inter*,
to protect, and to unite as heretofore wi
the general Democratic party in the Kit
torial College, and in the Federal Cou
oils, also, so long as those principles a
duly respected in practice.
Kansas.?Our friends in Kansas, vrl
have struggled manfully to sustain an ur
quul contest, are entitled to our symj
thy, 'tis all we have a right to offer. N*
withstanding the machinations of desig
ing men there, and the perversion ofpo
er, whether individual or convention:
due to notions of expediency, I trn>t tli
just counsels will yet prevail and ultima!
ly establish in that devoted Territory
system of (foveruinent conducive to tin
true interest and the public welfare.
Maine and Connecticut.?1 transn
certain resolutions from the States
Maine and Connecticut, which indicate t
prevailing opinion of the Legislature fro
which they emanate?so totally at va
anee with our own. They protest ngnii:
the late decision of the Supreme Court
tho case of Scott vx. Sand ford. The p
i litieal principles recognised by tin' dec
i ion referred to, meet with the sanction
j the people of South Carolina, who a
plaud the wisdom of the decree in whi
they are now judicially embodied. Owii
lit- cur to the recollection of this great and
>sc good man. Tt is a boon to mankind when
ed the good God permits sometimes the wisjii
dom of love, associated with faith and hope,
on to be embodied in a human form, whoso
lit' favor we inav look upon and admire. It
nd is true that our debt of gratitude to his
by memory cannot thus he paid; but it is due
>st to ourselves that we should acknowledge
at- it by some visible token, and it is due to
jd. posterity to provide a monument, to which
to ! the young may be pointed when curious
rig | to realize the idea of his manly propor>n
, tions, or when enjoined by their matrons
of to study the character of Wushiugton, and
er- I emulate the virtues w hieh adorn it. I pro*
gh 1 pose that a statue be ordered and that
ie, provisions be made for its erection with
nd i the New State Capitol,
id- I State Mauazine.?In the month of
>le | February last, in making a visit to the
:il 1 Magazine in Charleston, 1 discovered that
iC- ! the proprietor of the land adjacent (Payne's
Farm) had divided it into lots, allowing
>n- sufficient room for streets, which the city
of authorities h.ul caused to be traced. These
rd- ; lots, by squares, in succession, were sold
on , by auction in the city market. Conceivial
j ing, forthwith, the inconvenience and dani>h
! ger to the property of the Stato that would
m- | ensue from having persons settle in dweles
lings of any sort, under the very walls of
in the Magazine, and the loss which the Stato
so would have to submit to hereafter, if de?
in- sirous to dislodge them when once in poser.
session, 1 did not hesitate to assume tho
nd responsibility of instructing Mr. Yendon
ns to purchase for the State all the lots and
>th parts of lots between the State lands and
i->- the line of the North-Eastern Railway,
lu- After some delay this was at length acto
eomplished, by the assistance of the Atof
torncy-Geiieral, in the month of May, at a
tb cost of *3,435 50 for the land, and *11 50
de for recording the titles, to which is to bo
en added the sum of 07 for enclosing
es the grounds. A portion of this tract i?
Give Him a Titanic.? If Education is the
great buckler ami shield of human liberty,
welldeveh>ped Industry is equally llio buck,
ler and shield ot individual independence,
'l( As an unfailing resource through life, give
your son, equal with a good honest trade.
''Q I tetter any trade than none; there it ample
I ; field for the adoption of every inclination in
. this respect. Learned professions, and apej"
cnlatiro employments may fail a man, but
, an honost handicraft trade, seldom or never
? if its possessor choose to exercise it. Let
^ him feel, too, that hone?t l.?l?or crafts are
honorable and noble. The men of trade*
?the real creators of whatever ia mne ea.
aenlial to the nccesti!ios ami welfare of
^ mankind?cannot Ihj dispensed with; the?
above all others, in whatever repute the?
, I may bo held by their fastidious fellows
niu*t work at the oar of human progress or
'j all is lost, liut few brown handed trade*
. ' workers think of this, or appreciate the real
|?. P?*ition And power of the whole compass.
1 Oivo your son a trade, no matter what
fortune he may have or may seem likely to
^ j inherit. Oivo him a trade and an educa.
ro ' tion?at any rate a trade. With thia he
%' can always bo independent.? Spirit qf th*
,T.;
Censure is willingly indulged, because it
an , always implies some Mipctiority. Mer,
so | please themselves with imagining that they
! have made .1 deeper search, or wider anr.
of vey than others, and detector) faults which
he o>capo vulgar notice.
,g. Wo should often be ashamed of our best
ir- actions, if tbe world knew the real motives
-c* which produced Aeui.
A
to low mar>h, covered by the tide*, and at
is, present valueless, except lor privilege; but
?u- the convenience of transportation by waof
t.T on the East, and by railway on tho
w- West, renders it practicable to fill theso
[?y portions whenever it may be desirable,
in- Hie probability is, that the whole properug
ty will rather appreciate in value than
otherwise, in the course of years. It will
he be proper and safe to close the streets of
>e- the city so far as they run through this
\v- property. I recommend that this be done
? by authority of law at your present Sesla
sion.
10- CHARLESTON AND MkUPIUB. The pr??11
en t year has been signalized by the com pieth
tiou of tho connected railway coinmutiicaue
lion between tho Atlantic at Charleston and
v, Savannah, and the river Mississippi at
. i- Memphis, in the State of Tennessee. This
he happy event was duly celebrated by the
id municipal authorities of the cities at either
?e- end of the lino, in May and June last. Ia
ut North Latitude 32 deg. 40 min. 1 witnessed
ic. the meeting of the waters?those of the
>rt turbid Mississippi poured into the briny At*
la- lantic; and on the part of the Slate I gave
b- welcome to our neighbors of Georgia, and
of 1 to our common frieuds from the Valley of
he I the .Mississippi.
ist | 1 trust it will not t>? long before the rail*
so ; ways froiu Memphis and Nashville aud
L'd ; Ivnoxville will dehouche into South Caroli*
y ! na through the Blue Ridge mountains. I
ir- had the satisfaction to witness the progress
il- of the tunnel ou this line, iu the month of
;h- August. I recognised on that occasion the
st triumphs of science at every step, in the ex*
lh celleul dispositions of the engineers. The
>- - best spirit seemed to prevail among engiu?
nee re, contractors, and laborers,
re Geological Survey and Registration.
? 1 trust the General Assembly will con*
ho tinuo its patronage to the Geological Surto
vey of the Stale, and to the Registration of
>n- tho Births, Deaths and Marriages. Difti>t
cullies must attend both undertakings, in
;? their incipiency. But I atn persuaded that
w* | in the clever repoils on those subjects, you
d, will find reason to be encouraged iu pur*
at | suing them. The report of the Geological
l?-- ' Surveyor, nnd that of the Adjutant and In*
a spectur General, are herewith submitted,
it" | together with Major Parker's report on the
| variations of tho Magnetic Needle,
iit 1 That your deliberation?1 may he directed
of for tho good to the public weal is my sin*
ho ! cere prayer.
in ! Into your hands the nftuiis of the com*
ri. tuonweiillh are committed.
St j __ II. _F. \V. ALLSTON.