University of South Carolina Libraries
- ijji j~~" iff wiiltJWHJHJW *^f # " ' ' "*? ' - , ? j* * * ^ fmT& "* "*? - **T Wt . *#u J?. * V ^ v , ' f a ^>iWF^#-, JBH J2> * fct* ... hL "^V; ' ?; ^jfl^'. . gh*fw^^2 *. THE CAROLINA SPARTAN. by cavis &trimmier. Dfltruleir to Southern ttigljts, politics, !3lgricnltui% jnutr iiTiscellnmj. ?2 per annum. VOL. XlilT ~~~ SPARTANBURG, S. ., THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 5, 1857. 1*050, JLUtt UAnULlflA SJTAKTAN. I by cavisTtrimmikr. ! T- 0. P. VERNON, Associate Editor. t Price Two Dollars per annum in adrnuco, or . * $2.5U at the end of the year. If not paid until tutor the year expires $3.00. I Payment will bo considered in advnuoe if made t within three months. r No subscription taken for less than six months. j Money may be remitted throngh postmasters at our risk. J Advertisements inserted nt the usual rates, and ?' contracts made on reasonable terms. t The SrARTAN circulates largely over this and adjoiuing districts, and offers nn admirable medium to our friends to reach customers. Job work of all kinds promptly executed. ti ltlnnks, Law nnd Equity, continually on hand a or printed to order. r. CAROLINA SPARTAN. THE DRAINAGE BILL. " The following net to promote tlio im- j provement of swamp lands was passed at 0i tho lato session of our Legislature, and is c< now iu full force: P' An Act to promote tho draining and im provement of Inland Swauips. I. Be it enacted by Iho Senate and House ja of Representatives, now met and silting in fr General Assembly, and by the authority of -p the same, That whenever two-thirds or a] more of the proprietors of the lands lying jI; in any inland swamp, owning not less than two-thirds of such swamp, shall associate a themselves together by written articles of p, agreement, for tho purpose of draining and ;i, improving tho same, (to bo filed and re- Q| corded in tho Clerk's office of the district w in which the &aid land or the larger portion thereof may lie,) they shall thoroupon become and bo a body corporate for the P1 purpose aforesaid, by tho name of tho pro- Sl prietors of said swamp, designated by the r name by which it is commonly called aud known, and shall have power and aulhori- " ty to make and ordain by-laws for the rogulation and government of such corporation, 'j not inconsistent with any law or statute of force within this State, and to make such ? assessments of money and labor on tho members of the corporation as may be re- a quisite for carrving into effect the objects j"( UJereof. a II. That it shall be lawful for every such corporation, by its agents, surveyors, engi- 0) ncers and assistants, to enter upon any vj lands and premisos lying in or near the swamp, for tho draining and improvement wheroof such corporation shall have been formed, and owned by persons not being j members of such corporation, for tho pur- 1 ' pose of inspecting, examining, and survey* ? ing tho same; and if it shall appear, by the "r report of a competent engineer, to be no- 'V cossary for the draining and improvement of * ' such swamp, that any canal, water way, ditch, drain, dam, embankment, sluice, flood-gate ^ or other work, should he made or construct- j od iu, through or upon any lands of any |t) pcraou not a member of the corporation, and no agreement can be made for obtain- j iog the consent of tlio owner of said land ^ thereto, thou such corporation may apply, by petition to the Court of General Sessions gj and Common Pleas of the district in which ^ such land is situated, (and if it lies iu seve- r& ral districts, to the court of either of said districts,) setting forth the facts of the case, and praying that Commissioners may be ap- ju] pointed by the Court, to ascertain and assess j,^ the value of the land which would be oc- ^ cupied by such works, and also the amount of loss or damage which the making or con- j struetiou thereof would cause to the owner j'o, of tho land; a copy of which petition, to- ' gether with a copy of the engineer's report |(>. upon which il is founded, and uotice in writing of tho time aud place at which the same will be brought to a hearing, shall ^0| l>e served upon tbe owner of the land at ^ least ten days before such heating. And upon the hearing of such petition, unlesa it hU be denied by aflidavit that it is necessnry jfor the draining and improvement of such swamps to make or construct any such works as aforesaid, through or upon tho ari land owned by any person not a member of ! the corporation, and aflirmed in the same 11,1 manner that such swamp can be as well ac and effectually drained and improved without encroaching upon any such land, the 0 Court shall appoint three competent and dis- * interested persons to bo Commissioners for me purposes aforesaid. And the persons so appointed, having lirst been duly sworn to ? execute and perform the dutios assigned them as such Commissioners, truly and im? W.J partially, and to tho best of their judgment ? and ability, shall proceed to inspect and wr examine the proinisos, giving at least three days' previous uotice of such inspection and examination to the parties interested. ? and niter such inspection and examination or. to make the valuation aforesaid, and return .M the same in writing under their hands to ^>c tho Court. But in case of such denial and Hju affirmation as aforesaid, the issuo so made '' shall be submitted in a summsrv manner a to a jury, and upon tlio finding of the 111 jury, if the same shall be for the poti* tiouers, Commissioners shall bo appointed Cljl and proceed as boforo directod; but if the jury find for the respondents or defendants, no appointment of Commissioners shall bo made: Provided, That either party may ^ more for a now trial; but not more than L ono new trial shall bo allowed in any case , on the same issue. Either party may apr i ; peal from tho valuation and assessment 1 P' made by tho Commissioners to the Court *ve at its next soasion after such valuation and ron assessment, giving reasonable notice of such \ l?? appeal to tho other party; whereupon the ^Jr" Court shall cause a new valuation and as 8a'( acssmont to he made by a jury, and their a P verdict shall bo final and conclusive, unless ^e a new trial be gran tod: Provided, That not more than ono new trial shall be allowed in 1 any such case of valuation and assessment, a i I'pon tho final determination of such valua- star tion and assessment, eithor by tho return of! No the Commissiouera not appealed from, or lha in case of appeal by the finding of a jury nox not appealed from, or upon a second finding poc ? tfler n now trial is granted, and upou payment of tho Amount of sucli valuation and tssossmont to tbo party entitled to receive ,ho same, or upon tender and refusal tliero>f and payment of the same into Couit, it ihall bo lawful for the corporation, at all imes thereafter, by its officers and agents, o enter upon tho land to which such valuaion and assessment had reference, for the turpose of making and constructiug, mainaining and keeping in repair, any such rork a9 aforesaid. In all cases of appoal ull costs shall bo awarded, and the collccion thereof enforced as in casos of trespass n tho case. III. That if any person owning land in or ear any inland swamp, for the drainiug nd improvement whereof any such corpoation shall have been formed, not being a lorabor of the same, or any tenant or ageut f such person, shall, for tho purpose of raining, flowing, or in any manner using, cnofiling or drawing profit from such land, take use of any canal, water-way, ditch, rain, dam, embankment, sluice, flood gate, r otlie" work made or constructed by such jrporatiou, without the consent of the cororation, such owner or tenant shall be liable > pay to the corporation such reasonable rent torcforas they may dotnand, not exceeding ite-third of the clear annual value of the >nd, including any addition thereto derived otu tho use of any such work as aforesaid, hut if the owner of the land, in or near ty inland swamp, for the drainiug and nprovetneut whereof any such corporation tall have been formed, desires to become mouther of such corporation, instead ot nying rent as above provided, he shall he I liberty to do so by paying his proportion r the expenses incurred by the company, ith interest on tho same. IV. That all the lands drained and itnruved by any corporation formed as nforctid, and owned by members of such corpoition, shall be liable for the debts of te corporation; and if tho land of any lentber of any such corporation shall be iken in execution and sold to satisfy any idgmeut or deciee against the corporation, to person whose laud shall have been so ikon in execution and sold shall bo cntied to receive, as compensation therefor, by >ntribulion from the other members of the >rporation, iho value thereof, and shall sve the benefit of tho lien of such jud^icnt or decree for enforcing the payment icrcof; for which purpose such judgment decree sbnli remain in full lorco and rtuo. V. That any person having a legal or juitabio estate, in fee or for lile, in land ing in any inland swamp, or in land irougb or upon which it may bo necessary make or construct any work for draining improving any such swamp, (except ere trustees without beneficial interest,) all be deemed a proprietor or owner of ich land for the purposes of this act; and every case in which any such person mil be an infant, married woman, idiot or 1 untie, tho guardfc?n of such infant, the j ishnnd of such married woman, and the j unmilteo of such idiot or lunatic, shall bo j !emed a proprietor or owner of such land ; r tho purposes of this act: J*rovided% >at such guardian, husband or committee, all apply in a summary way, by petition, the Court of Chancery, in behalf of their spectivo infants, wives, idiots or lunatics, r leave to becomo members of any cornation formed under this act for draining iu improving tlio swamp in which Iho nd of such infants, wives, idiots and limny?, are situated, in respect of such lands, id iho said Court shall have power to inliro iuto tlio propriety of granting such ??e, and to make such order therein as ay seem meet; and if the Court shall grant ive, it shall bo lawful for the person who all liavo presented the petition to become party to tho articles of association for rming such corporation in respect of such ud, and the same shall be as binding and eclual to all intents and purposes as if cli person had been tho actual proprietor such laud. VI. That every swamp, except such as j o commonly called river swamps, or river Horns, or liver margins, shall be deemed inland swamp for the purposes of this t. VII. That every corporation formod tin - ! r tho provisions of this act shall have I chairman and a secretary, and shall j ep regular miuutcs of its proceedings. VIII. That whenever two-thirds or more the proprietors of tho swamp or bottom ids lying on any river, creek, or other itercourso, owning not less than two-third* all such swamp or bottom, shall enter into | itlon articles of agreement that such amp or bottom shall be deemed and tan to bo an inland swamp, and be subject tho provisions of this net, such swamp bottom shall thereupon be doomed and ceil to ho ?n liilnn.l ~ ? ? 1 ? ? W .... M.IKI1U o??lU|', nliu UO SUl)- ! t to all the provisions of thin act, in the Be manner as other inland swamps, and 5 ownors thereof shall be invosted with i the rights, powers, and privileges hore I leforo givon to tho owners of inland amps, and shall bo subject to tho same idilions and obligations. iX. That where said inland swamp is ned to the amount of two-thirds by one 1 lividual, ho or she shall possess nil the hts and powers conferred by this act ou ! corporation aforesaid. Soi tmkkn Quarterly Review.?This ; Plication, from its commencement in w Orleans, by Mr. Whitaker, until its ioyrI from Charleston, a period of tliirn years, or twenty-six volumes complete,' nly and neatly half bound, is offered for 3 at the original subscription price. To nblio or privato library the work would valuable. Tiie Wrong Noose.?Ichabod Criggs, , wber, industrious man, in easy circumices, hung himself near Danville, Va. | cause is known for the rash act, except | j t he was to have been married on the ; t day. The license was found in his kct. < DEATH OF HUGH MILLER, OF KDINBUUOH, SCOTLAND. Iu common with thousands in this country, wo arc shocked at the sudden announcement of tho death, under distressing circumstances, of this eminent man. It scorns hut yostorday that he received us in his own house, conducted us through tho musoum whicii cost him so much labor to collect, and iu tho imaginary defence of which he seems to have perished by his own hand. Wo respond to the remarks of the Scottish Guardiau : "The nnnouncoment of tho death of Hugh Miller will he heard with a thrill of genuine sorrow throughout the Church in which ho was a standard-bearer? throughout Scotland, of which he was ouo of the most conspicuous ornaments?throughout tho world of science, which associates his honored natno with those of the men most distinguished in our day, as fellow-workers in building up the stately fabric of the modern geology." The intelligence was communicated to tho public in the following terms from the ollko of the paper of which he was editor: Witness Office, Dec. 24. "SUDDEN DEATH OF MR. IIUOI1 MI I.I.Kit. "It is our melancholy duty to announce this sad event. Mr. Miller had been ill for somo time?working bard and late at nigbt, in completing bis new work on Geology, lie had become, in conscqricuce, subject to aggravated attacks of night mare, which partook of tho nature of somnambulism. Some time ago attempts had been made to break into his museum; and he, in consequence, had always slept with a loaded revolver on tho table by his side. Yesterday, on account of headache and un refreshing sleep, he had seen his medical advisors, who had warned him of overwork, and prescribed suitably. Last night, according to their request, he had taken a warm sponge bath, and retired early to rost. After having slept some considerable lime, he had apparently awaked in a fit of nightTliara. anil Inktinr nn iIia l.-.l > , , B ?|/ tuv |)iaiui, 11.Ill IVHVIi* ed the bed-room door, as far as the bath, which had been left, afior use, in the adjoining apartment. There the pistol had exploded, the bullet passing through the chest, and death must have been instantaneous. The sound not having beeu heard at this hour of the night by any of the household, .Mr. Miller's body was not discovered till this morning. Under existing circumstances, we cannot at present dwell further on this sad calamity." To the above distressing particulars the Scotsman adds the following remarks: "However sadly this narrative may touch | Mr. Miller's immediate friends, it will be to j ciietn less startling than to others tinware of his peculiar temperament, and of his rej cent state of health as a sir tie re r from nervous depression and irritation. Mr. Miller < has fallen a victim to overwork of the brain j ?the peculiar malady of these days, and of i men of his class. Such, wo know, was and I had long been his own conviction. Years ' ago, and again within these two or three days, he was pleasid, in the goodness of his heart, to warn the writer of these few has tv ami halting words against what he thought dangers of that class, pointing to his own caso as an example deterring from continuous cHorta and anxielios. in this respect, however, Mr. Miller suffered, we suspect, from a somewhat peculiar tomperameut?he did not work easy, hut with laborious special preparation, and then with throes that tortured him duiing the process. ana Jolt trim exhausted afterward. In saying this, however, we speak only of the more recent years; and it is at least six or seven years since we heard him complain that hard work had left him only 'half a man,' and that he could do only half work with double toil. "Although apparently a man of physical as well as moral courage, he had a curious tendency to keep fire arms about his house i and person. When he lived at Sylvan Place, to the south of the Meadows, he was . accustomed, when going home after night- j fall, to carry a loaded pistol, and, from some allusions in his work, 'First Impressions of England,' it appears that he follow- , ed tho same practice when travelling, or at least when on his pedestrian excursion8. One of his very oldest friends, ordinarily residing in a distant part of the country, jocularly surprised him one night two or three years ago in a well-frequented Edinburgh street, and was amazed by his suddenly i turning ronnd and presenting a pistol. We believe that tho habit was acquired bv Mr. Miller when he was accountant in a bank at Cromarty, and employed occasionally to carry spocio to tho other branches. To that habit wo have apparently in great part to ascribe tho event we to-day deplore, 1 and which a largo proportion of tho Scot lish people wrii hear with startling and g'iof." .... . : Tho principal incidents of Mr. Miller's life have t.fftn m?il? ' - 1-- - - ...luiim IU IIIU |IUUIIC 111 { his delightful autobiographical volumo, "My Schools and School-masters." His first literary productions appeared iti the columns i of the Inverness Courier, when Mr. Miller was woikiug as a journeyman mason in Cromarty; and the accomplished editor of that journal, Mr. Carrutliors, has toUl us, as illustrating his homely habits at that time, and which never altogether forsook him when he was placed in a more elevated social position, that he was accustomed to walk up to Inverness with his communications on the Saturday afternoons, always wearing his mason's leathern apron, llis collected papers, written hotween the year1820 and 1832, "in ieisnro hours snatched , from a laborious employment, or duiitig the storms of winter, when the worker 111 the open air has to seek shelter at home," appealed in 183 t, under the title of "Scenes and Legends of tho North of Scotland, or the Traditional History of Cromarty," and ovinced powers of descriptive wilting of a very high order. At nn early poriod in tho non-intruaion controversy, which resulted in (lie disruption of the Church of Scotland, Mr. Miller published a letter addressed to Lord Hrougham. defending th8 proceedings jf tho reforming party in tho Church, in a style of earnest and dignified remonstranc and with a cogency of reasoning and a ton and facility of expression which al on< pointed liiiu out to the leading men in tli Church as eminently qualified to promol tho popular cause. Tlie rasult was the e tablishmcnt of llio Witness newspaper, an tho appointment of Mr. Miller as its cdito Our readers will remember the zeal an energy with which Mr. Miller devoted liin self to the defence of the church's spiritui liberties. Even beyond the imtncdinl sphere of tho contest, his vigorous, lireb and trenchant articles were universally rea | and admired, as specimens of powerful coi , trovorsial writing. Beyond all comparisoi | out of tho Church Cour.s, Hugh Miller w? tho most popular champion the church poi I sessud. At the time of her triumphant ex< ' dus, when her ministers and members a? seiublcd in Canonmills Hall i?; the full flus of victory and froodom, tho appearance c none of her defenders, amidst that vast an animated throng--where Chalmers an Welsh, Gordon and Cunningham, an Caudlish stood conspicuous?elicited plat Oils louder and longer thau when ling Miller was seen lifting his stalwart fori and noble head amongst the people. To Mr. Miller's versatile talents, and tli varied contributions of his pen to crilicisii art, philosophy, and science, is applicnbh also, more than to any other writer of tli day, tho panegyric pronouncod upon Gob smith, that there was no branch of know edge which ho did not touch, and whic touching he did not adorn. His most pre found work, the "Footprints of the Crcato or the Asterolopis of Strotnness," is a coi tributiou to natural theology of ineetiinabl importance. It lias bee i adopted as a tex hook by somo of the in* st eminent teacbei of geology in tho Universities; and it lu dono more to expose the atheistical fallach and sophistries of the " Vestige* of thoXati ral History of Creation" llmt oven the oh I KapuI/s A?c*i?*a -* ' ^ * vvi iikw \ ?<> i c ui ' -v'vj11, iv ilUU I WSlCT* | Alsir }*brlr (Jbstrvcr. Christ no Writer. Odo of the most remarkable facts in tli history <>( Ohri-t is, that he left no writing behind him, and the only record there is c his writing anything is in tho caso wher "lie stooped down and with his finger wrot upon the ground." What ho wroto the and there no one. know.-; though porhap the most plausible conj<>cturo is that h | wroto the answer to tho question, whollic | the woman taken in the act of adulter ( should he stoned! "ile that is without sii I among you, let him r.i-t a stone at her. i Hearer, did this strange fact ever occur t you, that the greatest reformer that eve lived?professedly the divine teacher sen of God to iweal his tiuth to the world? whose teachings have survived the wreel of ages, and now c >mi.iand tho credence the respect and the m >-t profound ndmira ti onof tho enlightened world, and who i claimed as tho "author and finisher" of great system of faith and practice, has lei behind him no sentence of his writing, am those unknown characters written with hi finger in the sand constitute the sum tola of all his writings of vvh eh there is any ac count? Is there, or has therecvor been, since tin j invention of letters, oreven rude hieroglyph i ics, any -tieli thing as a system of religion j w hose founder did not take special pains U ; reduce his teachings to writing, and tint J give them the most exact and permanen , tor m? ! The Brahmins have their Vedas, thoi 1 Potiranas, ti.- .r Kauiayai. and their law ! and institute.- nf Menu, and these are al written and [-reserved with tbc utmost cure The Cbiue.-c have their books of Fohi, tliei founder, as opened ar; 1 expounded by tliei great Confucius. The Persians have thcii Zendevcsln, attributed to their leader, Zoro abler, containing the doctrine and laws o their religion. I ho Jews had their secret books; and .More an . the prophets, and 1 )a vid, and Solomon, just their teachings it writing, that they might ho preserved. Plato and 1'yth ig >r.is, and Ciecero am. Demosthenes, \M,_.ti much. Mahornel wrote tin Koian, ami gave it to the failhfu as their guide. The writings of Sweden borg are voluminous; and in our day, over the Mormon impostor wrote his book o Mormon, lust here coincs one who claim! precedence even t<> Moses and Abraham and especially claims that a greater than Solomon i-, in In-, own person, and an nouncing him-tlfas a herald of a now dis pensution from Cod. which is to ca->t Mo ses and the j-rophcts in the shade, and pro vail over all other systems, and subdue our entire race, and yet his great teacher wrote never a word, save only the characters in the sand, which the next breath of wind ini.rl* UM ' ' ? ?inu van iict't'uiu lor this sttang. proceJu ef Will it comport at all with the idea that ho was an impostor? 1 >id ever an impost r pursue a couiso like this? \ever. And it >eonis to us that in the single fact to which v o have alluded, there is the impress of truth, and prooflh.it his ini* sioti is all divine, ilo stands out heforo us as onewho knows that his mission is from (?od, and that it can stand upon its own nier its. >o confident is ho of its power, that he is content to breathe it out upon < lod's air, and leave it to live hv its own inherent and self perpetuating immortality, or live not at all. And ho goes about doing good, now teaching in the synagogue and temple, now talking to hi* disciples as he sits on Olivet ?>r l>y the ecu of tialilco, and now dropping a word as he walks by the way. And there is not manifested the slightest apprehension that what he says will he lost. He writes it not oil stone or parchment. Nav, ho writes it not at all. Uo seeks only to give it a lodgment in the hearts of the few disciples that followed him?to make them comprehend it, and feel its power, and love it; and is willing to leave it there to produce its fruits, and to he written by the hand of alVection, if it should be written at all. And on those hearts he did impress himself; and they, for the love they bore him, wrote the meagre sketch wo have of his life and teachings. { !{n\ J. D, Wifliamnon. o, Charlotte and her Kecollections. :e Reside* tho honor of being tho seat ? :o tho Convention in 1776, that issued ill 10 first Declaration of Independence, Charlott* in Mecklenburg, North Carolina, has claim 9." upon posterity, both singular and meritor ous. Tho centre of a fertile and populuu r" country, sho was doomed to see the bloo of her sou? shed and tho Declaration < Independence of all foreign dominion mail tained at the point of the British bayone Cornwnllia called Charlotte the "hornet nest," and unwilling to pay for supplit with so much English blood, after the fatr 1 battle at King's Mountain became know to liitn, bis lordship determined to leuv 19 this vexatious post. To prevent annoyuuo s" bo chose to depart suddenly, and in th >- night. Mr. McCalfery, a man of wealt 1 and standing, a Scotchman, and resident i J, Charlotte, was chosen as their guide to lea . them by tho upper and nearest route t ' South Carolina. After so bewildering tli H nrmy in the swamps, that much of tliei ' baggage was lost, ho contrived to esca|?r 1 and leave tho army to find their way b 1 tho roturning light of day. " Colonel Thomas Polk, so favorably mot lioned in the history of the Declaration c owned property in and around Chnr)ott< llis mill was between two and three mile ^ south of the village, ami is now called Hit 0 sell's. His body lies interred in the gra\ * yard of tho village. Over bis grave an ' that of bis wife Susannah, bis son Williat 1 Polk, lato of Raleigh, erected a matbl '* slab, a memorial of his resting place. r* The Polk family came early to Mecklen 1 burg, and in the time of the liovolutio 0 were numerous, and some of them ver 1 wealthy. They resided, part of them, i h tho bouuds of Sugar Crock congregation 19 and part of them in Providence. Atuouj !S thorn was E/ekiel Polk, tho grandfather o t James K. Polk, President of tho Unite* * I States. The descendants have alt emigruj | cd from the country, mostly to Tennessee t or StiUca further Sfouth. Garden, in his anecdotes of the Aiueri ' cau Revolution, says: "Nor were tiic ladie c ' in Mocklenburg in any degree inferior ii ;? 1 enthusiasm to the male pu]>ultiun. I tin< >f, in the South Carolina and American Geti e j era! Gazelle, from the '2d to the i)tk of Fc e ' bruary, the following paragraph: n ; "Tho young ladies of the best families c s j Mecklenburg coun?y, North Carolina, hav e j entered iuto a voluntary association, tha r | they will not leceive the addresses of an j young gentleman at that place, except th i bravo volunteers who served iu the expodi lion to South Carolina, and assisted in f-ul 0 duing the Scovalite insurgents. The ladie r i being of opinion that such persons as st.v it loitering at home, when the important call - ! of the country demand their services abroad k | must certainly Lo destitute of tbat noble ness of sentiiucnt, that brave, maniv spiiit 1 which would qualify them lo be the defen t> ders and guardians of the fair sex.'1 a "The ladies of the adjoining county o i Kowan have desired the plan of a simile 1 association to Lo drawn up and prepared fo s signatures."?Sketches of Xorth Carolina The Kiymoi.oov ok a Lady.?The state merit of Col. Ronton, that the word "lady' j is nowhere used in the Scriptures, is, so fai . as the original is concerned, literally true The word itsell is of comparatively modori > invention, and there is no word in the oii s ginal of the Scriptures that has any signiti t cation corresponding with that of the won "lady," as at present received. In view ol r tho subject, the following 'clip* is from at ? old Scotch publication called" 1 lie Christiar I Teacher:" "A LaijV.?The word lady is an abbro r . viation of the Saxon /.ajf'Jay, which sigui r ties li ready ii'cr. Tho mistress of a manor r j at a time when ntlluent families residei constantly at their country mansions, wai f accustomed oiico a week, or oftencr, to dis I tribute among the poor a certain quantity of bread. She bestowed the boon with hei , own hand, and made the hearts of the need) glad by the soft words and the penile am I j onilies which accompanied her benevolence , | The widow and the orphan 'rose up, ami i 1 called hor blessed'?the destitute and iIk I nlHicted recounted her praises?all cla-^e* , of the poor embalmed her in their alloc pi tions as tho I.nffday?tho giver of bread . ami dispenser of comfort?a sort < f minis' | teritip angel in a world of sorrow. Who is ' a lady now? Is it sho who spends hoi J days in self indulgence, and her nights in . j tho dissipation of folly? Is it she who ri vals the gayely of the bu'.teitlv, but bates tlio industrious bum of ibo 'busy beef' Ii , , it she who wastes, on candy finery, what , would make many a widow's heart sing for joy, and who, w hen tho raps of the orphan (1 utter before her in the wind, >ighs for a place of refuge, as if tho pestilence were in the breeze? Tins may be 'a woman ot fashion'?she may Ikj an admired and :m admiring follower of the gay world." Tiik I'rf.ss in Losuon and in Nuw Yokk.?Three notions for libel have recent ' ly been tried in London, and in each case the defendants have been acquitted. Had tho cases been tried in New York, each of tho defendants would have been convicted. >> o nnve noticci! repeatedly tliHt Knglish juries are the staunch and unflinching friends of the Press, and that il is very di ficult in any part of (front Pritain to ^et a verdict against an editor, while here an ' editor can scarcely escape, and juries intra! riablv hold "that everything which i* not complimentary t?> a man is libellous.'' This proceeds somew hat from the careless manner in which many of our editors make their statements and assail personal character, and also from the manner in which they hahitu ally abus? each other, So long as editors accuse each other of motives and conduct ! that would disgrace the inmates if the ' State prison, tliev shoul I not complain of the community esteem them according to their ow n rej?ort.?Porter's Spirit of the Times. i A bill lias pa^od the Wisconsin Logi* j iatiiro excluding negroes, in u! at toes, liulii ans and black persons from boing witnesses I in that State. ] Cubs, and Annexation. >f Wo perccivo that tlio subject of tho ane nexation of Cuba is reviving with renewed i, force in tbo minds of the people. Filibuss tering, or ralbor stealing, the "gein of the i- Antilles" is given up, we are happy to say, is and tho "sober secoud thought" of the d "solid people" i?, that if wo have Cuba at >f all, it must be by fair and honest means; in > other words, having a national treasury t. full to repletion, and Spain being bankrupt, ? wo must take advantage of her necessities, s plank down tho cash and own Cuba. We d see no objection to this course; it will satisn fy honest people at home and abroad; and e >?s it is now admitted that Kansas will come in as a free State, it is quite likely that the e Southern politicians will favor a peaceablo h nc position of Cuba, as an offset, and Mr. n Buchanan's wishes, expressed before bo was J President elect, of securing both these ado vantages to the Union, will probably ho re e aliased under his administration. The unir versal desire in tlie North to have the sugar tariff repealed will probably be gratified y hv tho absorption of Cuba, so that we shall have cheaper sugars, without any violent i- change, and tho Louisiana planters will t most likely transfer their interests to Cubn. *. and thus will be quietly and peaceably up s propriated by tlio United States tho great ?- monopolies of sugar, cotton and tobacco, all e | relying upon slave labor for their support, d and rendering the institution permanent, n beyond control?for so long as these greato e?t staples of human wants are in demand, so long will tho slave he profitable, and so ' long will those interested in his fortunes n have influence in our national councils to v protect and maintain the relation of slave " j and master. Tho annexation of Cuba seems ' i to I o demanded mutually bv tlie people of IT | the North and South. To the first named, I ' because it will give us a necessary of life M\ I ..i - .? - ?? , ?o mo aecoinJ, because il will - | strong then its political influence, and act for i a lime at least as an offset to the rapidly growing fiee States that are springing tip * in tho great West. According to our view > of tho matter, l'rovidonco is working out 11 the great question which agitates the coun1 try, and by the peaceable rules of necessity, reconciling the extremes of the country, | and uniting them tinner and firmer by muj tual interests.?Leslie's Illustrated jVctpjd 1 jmjter. I , 7 Election of Unitkd SrATr.3 Sknatou. * ?On Wednesday last tho legislature of 0 Delaware re-elected Hon. James A. Bayard as United States Senator for nix years from 1 tho 4th of March next, and elected lion. 5 Martin W. Dates for the unexpired term of Hon. John M. Clayton, deceased. Wc have .s already announced, in our telegraphic col' umn, tho election of Hon. J. S. Green, l?y i the legislature of Missouri, to fill the vacan* ' cv in the Senate of the United States which has existed since the expiration of General f Atchison's term on tho 4th of March, 1855. At a tiino when the democratic patty has sustained so many losses from the treachery of professing friends as well as the assaults of open foes, the above anuouncemeat will be recoived with more than ordi 1 nary satisfaction. Wc may well congratur late the legislature of Delaware upon the wisdom and patriotism of their choice. This renewed evidence of confidence on the part id the democracy of that State towards Mr. Bayard is but a fitting tribute to his expoI licnce as a legislator, his abilities as a C statesman, his devotion to the principles of , the democratic party, and to that unbeud, ing integrity of purpose which has secured for him an influence which is felt far beyond the boundaries of his own Slate. Ilis new . colleague, Mr. Bates, i* highly spoken of by his personal and politica' friends. The new senator from Missouri, lion. J. 5 S. Green, has already served with great disjunction in the Hotiso of Representatives, . and for one or two years most efficiently r represented this country at New Grenada, lie is an uncompromising democrat, and po?se>-es legislative talents of a high order. ? Washington r 'nion, Jan. 1G. A Nkw State.?The Western Reserve ? is proposed as a now State, outside of "Ohio l'roper," which "goesdemocratic" by I a small majority. The Cleveland Plain dealt r tints speaks; "( >hiu 1'roper" need i have nothing to say about afl'airs in ' The Reserve.' Wo are a peculiar people, running altogether to priests, puritaui.-ui, and |Mtnij>Mii vinos. ' merlin is to be llio cani j ital of our new State, and (biddings is to be the 1 Ingham Voung of the concern. Wo men are going to v<?to; and men are trying to part their hair in the middle. 1 'arta loons will give place to pantalel*, and white men w'll not he allowed to run at large without their papers Our railroad* will run under ground, and will make connections only with Canada and Kentucky. 1 ho Constitution will ho construed strictly, arid all men will be considered equal, and j some a little more so, depending on their color. The Mate of 'Tho lles.-rve,' by the grace ?.? Joshua K. (ridding*. j, hereby declared a fie? and independent State. *(Miio Proper' and all the other States of this ; I'nion will plea?e conduct themselves accordingly." Mr. IVciiasan and Kansas,?Some of, the know-nothing papers (?ays llio Na>h- j viile I'ninn) profess to believe that Mr. l>u- ' eli an an will not be true to the South on Kansas matters. We tell these papers that ' to he lino to the South, it only necessary he should he true to the constitution. The democratic party does not exj>ect nor desire : that the incoming administration shall do; anything to make Kansas a slave or a freo j State; that is exactly the policy vve oppose. Nor do thev oaro what Mr. lluchanan'a private views may he on the abstract ques ! lion of slavoiv, so he recognises and en1 forces its roiotiluiioiial tights. The democracy stand upon national, not sectional principles; and all they ink for is that no outride influence shall l?e bronchi to l?ear upon this question, but that it shall be left solely to those whom it concerns, vis; The] i r*nnf - . f (h" Territory themselves, I. The Disunion Convention.?A few of the Massachusetts fanatics recently licld *Kj,Convention at Worcester, to devise tnsaae for the effectual separation of the free from tho slave States. Senator Wilson now appears to be in rather bad order with erf that class, lie wrote a letter to the Convention, in which he said "that he had read with sincere and profound regret a movement which can hare no other issue than to put a burden on the cause of f.eedom* It wilt, in his judgment, array against the nnti slavery sentiment that intense feeling of patriotism which glows for union in the nation. He regarded all such movements as disunion conventions as crimes against freedom." Upon this, a oertain Mr. McYay arose and objected to "calling Mr. Wilsou either Honorable or General. He protested that Wilson was not worthy of either title. An honorable man ascends to God. Wilton does not. All tho generals he had ever heuid ot read of would fight; when challenged, Wilson did not tight; therefore he would strip the titles he falsely wears from him." As to Senator Siuuner, another apoakev stated that he had had a "talk" witli him in lioston, a few days previous, and when he asked him if, when ho got back to Washington, ho would reiterate his words again t slavery, Mr. Sumner replied; "Reiterate, re-iterate. If, when 1 get back ta Washington, I utake the speech 1 expect to make, it will be liko fourth proof brandy to molasses and water." When asked what re-iirlt he oxpectcd from it, ho replied, "I expect to be shot; there is nothing else left for them to do." Tiik Goi.d Regions ok California Outdone.?The Santa Ke Gazette announces the arrival of Mr. Idler, the agent and general director of the Mining Company, organized some litne sinco in Washington city, to woik the l'lacer mines near Santa I'e. Mr. Kurtz, a machinist from Norris* engine shop, in Philadelphia, and Mr. Chappin, a millwright, nil erg-Aged in the same business. This, says the Gnzette,4x a new era in the history of New Mexico, Two steam engines, with crushing apparatus, are soou to he put in operation at the Placer mines, and the question will be settled as to whether gold abounds in sufficient quantities to justify the cost of extracting it by this description of machinery. If the experiment proves successful, it must produce a change in the business of the Territory, for the quantity of gold bearing earth and rock is admitted to be inexhaustible, and theie is room for any number of machines. It has been staled that the gold mines of New Mexico bid fair to equal those of California. A letter from Santa Fe to a California paper gives a romantic account of their discovery. The story goes that a Mexican woman returned from a captivity of eight years among the Covotery Apaches of the Gila country, bringing extraordinary accounts of gold treasures in the region inhabited by that tribe. The woman says that iu the region from whence she escaped, gold exists in every quarter on the surface, and in great quantities, and that there was one large lump imbedded in the side of it hill, and jealously guarded by the tribe. A Fkarfcl Passage.?We have been infoimed by Mr. 1*. F. Frazee, Sr., who was a passenger on board the steamer Marion, which left New York on Saturday afternoon, at 3 o'clock, for Charleston, where sho arrived yesterday morning, that tho trip was in the greatest degree fearful. During Saturday night a storm camo up, and the steamer was compelled to lay to at Cape Hatteras for 20 hours in consequence of its violence. The cold, too, was so intense that horses were frozen to death, and tho deck and combing", masts, sails, rigging, and every portiou of tho vessel exposed, wore covered with ice to the thickness of G or 7 inches. Tho steamer l>lack Warrior, from Havana, hound to New York, passed the Marion while who was lying to, and Mr. Frazee informs us that she was byerally covered with ice. Wo take this occasion to slate that Mi\ Frazjo sj>eaks in tin most complimentary manner of the skill and superior manago: incut of tho Marion by the officers during lliA nrnrilnnM II.A ?' J U1 Ills ? UCII B*WJ pas! senger on hoard ha I concluded it almost iirpossible for tito vessel to outlive tU? storin. Captain Foster and Mr. Thomas, tho pilot, proved themselves worthy the responsible positions they occupy, and their vessel one of tho hltvinehefct crafts now ply-, ing between Now York nnd Charleston. [Columbia Times, 22d ult. 1>k.atii Painlrss.?It is nearly certain ? indeed as cettain as anything chieflv speculative can l?o?that in all rleaths the physical suffering is small. Even where invalid* experience the most excruciating ;igo-. ny during the progress of the disease, natuc Comes to their relief at the last hour, and life g->c* out gently, like a candle in its socket. Those who have witnessed death beds most frequeutly?especially if h y l ave been intelligent persons, and therefore capable of judging?agree gonerally in considering tho physical pain of death as inconsiderable. They say thai the convulsive motions, which frequeutly attend the parting breath, are not ovidew ces of suffering, fur lh:tt llic invalid is insensible. They say also, llial when I lie sonses nra retained, there is usually no such spasm. A tending medical authority slater that scarcely one person in fifty is sensible at the point of death; ami some physicians assort that they have never seen a deathbed in which the jmlient was sensible. As life fails, nature, it would seem, beneficently interposes, deadening the sensibility of the nerves, and otherwise preparing the individual for the great and inevitable change. [ Phil, ledger. Tits SrrDY ov Grammar.?Jos. T. Buckingham, '?no of the best of living writers and grammarian*, once said that "Not one rhild in a thoncAr.d ?ver received the leas\ benefit from atudvir.g the rule* of grammar before he was fifteen year* old."