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m 28 mow TO CHOOSE P( DUCTION or El i iCharacteristics of Chickens Ti General Purpose Breeds? Plymouth Rock Mo i I J*reed? of poultry ran be convoniimily divided into two classes: (1) Che egg breeds, and (2) the general fcnrpose breeds. This division is like Kint\ ui l a11 iv iniv uwi auu uuii> types, and of horses into light and toewvy classes. In the egg breeds of poultry the |pn inary requirement is the production of a great number of eggs of {standard size. The fowls are not m |pocted to be prime table specimens, Ibut they must lay throughout the irear. except when they have to rest nd recuperate. They do not sit and (hatch chickens and they lay white h el led eggs. The more popular egg breeds are Leghorns, Minorcas, An eonas and Camplnee. The most popular variety of these breeds is tho Sintile Comb White I>eghorn. All large egg farms are stocked **rlth White Leghorn pullets and hens, toeoause it is possible to obtain breeding stock In this variety that has blood lines of heavy egg production behind it. Pullets from a heavyInyi ng strain are better layers than pullets or no special oreeding. ia<s rrps latJ wHirt aaat. nowtrrvsR* v J , ./ v/ " . : * - "m. 1S^V--- " 6c How can one detect heavy laying characteristics in a mature pullet or bon? Notice the illustration of the egg Hype hen. Note how her body resembles the wedge shape of the dairy uun. .Muiun ituu inui >u uer necK ?nd wide and deep at the rear, she has the greater part of her body behind her less. A good layer has a large, soft, flexible rear end. dropping down between her legs and so aside that the legs are set far apart to accommodate it. The rear end of the hen corresponds to the udder of the rtairy cow and must be large and yielding. not small and hard. DO NOT NEGLECT TOOLS iFhrmere Suffer Large Losses by Fail ure to Care for Implement# That Are Not in Use. The farmer who puts away his farm machinery without oiling and cleanlog it is certain to lose in the dete rioration of the machinery many times what the time to care for it would have been worth. Failure to take care of farm machinery is a source of large doss to the American farmer annually. Most farmers realize that they would save money by taking good caro of their machines, hut neglect to do K>. either through carelessness or indifference. The most important step Howard having efficient machinery is Steeping it in good repair. In spare time, each machine should be carelolly inspected and all missing, broken or overworn parts noted. Write the names and numbers of missing parts <on tags and fasten those taps to the machine. All machines should have a general Inspection at least once a year. A rain jr day in late fall is very good for this purpose. Exposure to weather injures both -wooden and metal parts of machines and a machinery shed should by all means be part of the farm equipment. Every machine should be cleaned, oiled, and housed after It haa been wed. Painting aids greatly in improving the appearance and prolonging the life of machines. It protects both wood end metal from the weather. Paint ahould be used freely whe,n needed. One of the beet paints for all farm Implements Is made with red lead and ttnseed oil. The use of good farm Implements is Increasing rapidly in South Carolina and fanners owe It to themselves to be more careful of their tools. In the year that has gone, they have learned Mine important lemons In economy, bat there Is probably no more practdoaI way la which a farmer oan economize than by taking the proper care of hie farm implements?repairing them, oiling them, housing them, sad painting them. SIDNEY S. RITTEN'BERO, Agricultural Publicist, I damson Agricultural Coliega 1ULTRY FOR f S~ SGSOR TABLE FOWLS! iat Make Them Good Laying or White Leghorn and Barred st Popular Varieties. | A simple tea* at a Rood layer ke to I measure the distance from tfte two pelvic bones (one on each side of thf vent) to the rear eod of the breast-. hone. This distance should be as wfae , as four lin ;ors when the hen is laying. When the hen has this depth and is also wide across her rear it proves that she has an abundance of room to manufacture egg's constantly and particularly the egg shells, which are formed in this part of her body. Such ' a hen will lay well when properly cared for. ' 1 Hens with a small distance between , the pelvic bones and rear of breast- ^ bone and tight or unyielding rear body | are not good layers. Put bands on the legs of your layers and note how many ( 1 oonaecutivo days they lay without I resting. That will show how long each hen can maintain her egg flow an dthe better layers are those which J cam continue laying for longer periods aZJVERAL PUUFKtflC TTPC I uy? M&vtrKoctf tm m* mm* ana# ' ' " ~t ? 4 1 < The general purpose breeds have ' been selected primarily for the pro- ! dnction of table poultry. They are 1 a.so good layers of brown-shelled eggs. I They hatch their chicks and are the most satisfactory for those who want 1 one Hock of purebred chickens for both meat and egg purposes. The ! more popular of the general purpose i breeds are Flymouth Hocks. Rhode Isl- ' and Reds. Wyandottes and Orpingtons t The most popular variety is the Bhi? i red Plymouth Rock. This is recog- ] nizod as the best chicken for market ' as it is large and well-meated and fattens profitably when confined ic t crates. i FRANK C. HARK. ' Extension Poultry Husbandman. Clem soil Agricultural College. DESTROY CORN STUBBLE I Farmers Can Reduce Damage from , Corn Stalk Borer by Turning Under Stubble in Fall. Corn stubble should not be allowed to stand in the field all winter undisturbed. The corn stalk borer is one of the 'reasons" lor this. This insect i\f (lift ntAQl nAtArlniiu " Arn posts of the South and evidence of its work can be seen in practically any corn field at harvest time. It is the cause of the holes that may occur in any portion of a stalk. The corn stalk borer remains as a larva, or worm, in the base of corn stubble beneath the ground during the winter. Farmers do this insect a great favor, therefore, when they let their corn stubble stand undisturbed iti the field during fall and winter. Destroying corn stubble is not very easy, except on modernly equipped farms where there is sufficient horse power and the stuhhle can be turned under thoroughly. There Is. therefore, some temptation to leave it undisturbed. But the advantages of turning stubble are such that a farmer cannot well afford not to do it. Turning it undeT helps very much in I reducing the com stalk borer for the next season. | Where thorough turning cannot be r?ract iced there a.re other methods such as "busting out" the stubble an<l hauling it to the compost heap for rotting. Tiy another method, after the corn is gathered, stalks, stubble, and everything else may be "busted out." raked Into heaps and. after a few weeks for drying, burned. In experimental work a very large percentage of corn stalk boreV larvae (worms) was destroyed during winter where the stubble was plowed out and left exposed to the weather. But when these methods are prac I iced bjr farmers only here and there, ' it will not help the situation very ' much The control of the corn etalk 1 borer depends upon the co-operative 1 action of the farmers of a community. ' The fact must also be borne in mind that it is an extravagant prac' tice to let corn fields lie idle and ex1 posed during the winter months, not only on account of these insect pests, ' but also on account of the loss from washing and leaching of soils. A. P. CONRADI, Professor of Entomology, Clem son Agricultural College, TTTK T.ANCASTP.K NEWS, Q use of nun to prevent smut Botanist of Clemson College Gives Simple Preventive I of Grain Disease. I FOROATS AND WHEAT SEED Formalin Qnlutl nn Anrtli^H tr? Qmall Qrain Before Planting Kills Spores of Smut Without Injury to Germiinating Powers. Smut is the most widespread and destructive disease of small grain and It occurs wherever oats and wheat are grown. When proper control methods are not practiced, it frequently causes serious loss. Fortunately, it la not hard to prevent *.'?<s disease. In formalin we have an easily obtainable preparation that does the work efficiently. Before sowing oats or wheat, farmers should treat the seed with a formalin solution to prevent smut. | Soiut is caused by a parasitic ^ growth that Uvea In the tissues of the plant. The disease spreads by spores (very email, seed liko bodies) which sling to the hulla or lodge in the sreaans of individual oat or wheat era ins and are thus carried Into a I field with the seed. The spores germk- j ante at about the wme time that the plants come up and the disease grows directly into the tissue of the young plant. Smut lives in plants apparently without doing serious damage until the plants begin to head out. Then the disease concentrates its efforts in the heads and black, sooty masses of -pores till the places where grain ? should form. As these masses break up. the spores are scattered over the field by wind. Many lodge in grains >11 healthy heads of oats or wheat and remain alive there until the seed are ^ planted again. Some remain in the jr liseasiKl heads and are carried to the ^ hreshor. In threshing, the smut spores are scattered everywhere and many ftnd resting places in healthy ^ grains. ^ Oat or wheat smut can be controlled ' L>y soaking the planting seed in a chemical solution that will kill the rniut spores in the seed without injuring the germinating powers of the *eed. The best chemical to use for his is formalin, which is a 40 per cent solution of formaldehyde. It may be procured from any reliable druggist. Treatment with it is made as follows: Make up the formalin solution by mixing one pint formalin (40 percent solution of formaldehyde) with 40 gallons water. Sack the grain to be lreated, about a bushel to a sack. Dip i>ach sack of grain into the barrel of solution and let it remain there for from five to ten minutes, moving the Mick up and down several times to make sure that all the grains are thoroughly wet. Finally, lift the sack and let the solution drain out. after which either pile the bags of treated grain together and cover with bagging or canvas, or pour the treated grain into a pile on a clean tloor and cover with bagging or canvas. I^eave the grain covered thus for from 12 to 24 hours. As a last step, spread the grain thinly <>\?r a eloan floor to dry. The grain seed should bo dried as rapidly as possible to prevent sprouting. X'aturaLly, grain Jthus treatod should be put in clean bins or sacks so as not to be again exposed to the disea.e Sacks and bins that have contained diseased grain may be dlsinfeet?d by washing with a formalin solution made of one pint formalin to 10 gallons water. H. W. BARRE, Professor of Botany, Clemson Agricultural College. ARE YOUR COWS EFFICIENT? Putting the efficiency test to cows with the milk scales and the Babcock tester is one of the essentials of conducting a successful dairy. When feed {a hioh in T?ri/.o a f.. ^ o" v-.vc o 1111 IIIC1 ttlllUUl at- ^ ford to have boarders iu his dairy M bam who eat up more in feed than ^ their milk yield is worth. The Hab- " cork test will sfrow these delinquent 4 cows In their true light and the milk g scales will put the clincher on the argument. Testing cows will give 4 some farmers a big surprise. Rome* g times the cow that looks like the " poorest creature In the lot Is the best 4 butterfat producer. The dairy divis- g ion of Clemaon College offers to jive any farmer advice about testing milk f and keeping records. Test, don't ^ guess. f ( EQUIPPED FOR LIVE ! STOCK WORK. * i " The extension division of Clemaos f College la well equipped to assist ' mi-mem in any pan 01 aoum Carolina 1 with any problem* in livestock that i may arise. The college has two man giving all their time to beef rattle ' and swine extension work, three dairy ( extension experts and one extension pouitryman This ts one of the larg- ' est and best equipped animal husband- | , ry extension forces in the United . States. South Carolina farmers ' should *nke advantage of their oppon t tunities along this line to get expert help free of ooet. ^'TOKKK 19. 1915. EVERY V FAIR 1 WIT n i Denneu -1 For You Get Fair Treatment From the President of to the wagon drivers < W ?' I every man connectec > treats you FAIR and S =====^===== ? j Square Goods; I is the basis of the success oi * years of dealing with you, 3 J parents, has created a confid< I could not be shaken even by For Lan Fair Weel and hosts and hostesses, we t a welcome and a good, big, mi Our Cuj Are Our and our friends are our custc read it vou know that you g Fair and Treatmen A H A J Bennett Com\ THE PURE FOi ecoo?eoeo?<i}ooooo4 i I9Vi fEEK IS iVEEKl H I erry Co.f *?> Nothing But { Thorn Aluroirc i iii?i \* runujoy this concern down { md push-cart boys, ? 1 with the business QUARE. ? rif Ca iv? Dvinnn f at 1 an ii ii/Co 5 F this store. Thirty-three % rour parents and grand- J ence in this business that $ so called "panics." ! caster's * i Visitors ! lave the heartiest kind of 'holesome smile. = stomers Friends % >mers and any way you ! et Square | t Always : r S - Terry I jany } OD GROCERS INNHMOMMOeM