The Lancaster news. (Lancaster, S.C.) 1905-current, October 19, 1915, SECTION FOUR, Page 28, Image 28
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28
mow TO CHOOSE P(
DUCTION or El
i
iCharacteristics of Chickens Ti
General Purpose Breeds?
Plymouth Rock Mo
i
I J*reed? of poultry ran be convoniimily
divided into two classes: (1)
Che egg breeds, and (2) the general
fcnrpose breeds. This division is like
Kint\ ui l a11 iv iniv uwi auu uuii>
types, and of horses into light and
toewvy classes.
In the egg breeds of poultry the
|pn inary requirement is the production
of a great number of eggs of
{standard size. The fowls are not m |pocted
to be prime table specimens,
Ibut they must lay throughout the
irear. except when they have to rest
nd recuperate. They do not sit and
(hatch chickens and they lay white h
el led eggs. The more popular egg
breeds are Leghorns, Minorcas, An eonas
and Camplnee. The most popular
variety of these breeds is tho Sintile
Comb White I>eghorn.
All large egg farms are stocked
**rlth White Leghorn pullets and hens,
toeoause it is possible to obtain
breeding stock In this variety that
has blood lines of heavy egg production
behind it. Pullets from a heavyInyi
ng strain are better layers than
pullets or no special oreeding.
ia<s rrps
latJ wHirt aaat. nowtrrvsR*
v J
, ./ v/ " . : *
- "m.
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6c
How can one detect heavy laying
characteristics in a mature pullet or
bon? Notice the illustration of the egg
Hype hen. Note how her body resembles
the wedge shape of the dairy
uun. .Muiun ituu inui >u uer necK
?nd wide and deep at the rear, she
has the greater part of her body behind
her less. A good layer has a
large, soft, flexible rear end. dropping
down between her legs and so
aside that the legs are set far apart to
accommodate it. The rear end of the
hen corresponds to the udder of the
rtairy cow and must be large and yielding.
not small and hard.
DO NOT NEGLECT TOOLS
iFhrmere Suffer Large Losses by Fail
ure to Care for Implement# That
Are Not in Use.
The farmer who puts away his farm
machinery without oiling and cleanlog
it is certain to lose in the dete rioration
of the machinery many times
what the time to care for it would
have been worth. Failure to take care
of farm machinery is a source of large
doss to the American farmer annually.
Most farmers realize that they
would save money by taking good caro
of their machines, hut neglect to do
K>. either through carelessness or indifference.
The most important step
Howard having efficient machinery is
Steeping it in good repair. In spare
time, each machine should be carelolly
inspected and all missing, broken
or overworn parts noted. Write the
names and numbers of missing parts
<on tags and fasten those taps to the
machine.
All machines should have a general
Inspection at least once a year. A
rain jr day in late fall is very good for
this purpose.
Exposure to weather injures both
-wooden and metal parts of machines
and a machinery shed should by all
means be part of the farm equipment.
Every machine should be cleaned,
oiled, and housed after It haa been
wed.
Painting aids greatly in improving
the appearance and prolonging the life
of machines. It protects both wood
end metal from the weather. Paint
ahould be used freely whe,n needed.
One of the beet paints for all farm
Implements Is made with red lead and
ttnseed oil.
The use of good farm Implements is
Increasing rapidly in South Carolina
and fanners owe It to themselves to
be more careful of their tools. In the
year that has gone, they have learned
Mine important lemons In economy,
bat there Is probably no more practdoaI
way la which a farmer oan economize
than by taking the proper care
of hie farm implements?repairing
them, oiling them, housing them, sad
painting them.
SIDNEY S. RITTEN'BERO,
Agricultural Publicist,
I damson Agricultural Coliega
1ULTRY FOR f S~
SGSOR TABLE FOWLS!
iat Make Them Good Laying or
White Leghorn and Barred
st Popular Varieties.
| A simple tea* at a Rood layer ke to
I measure the distance from tfte two
pelvic bones (one on each side of thf
vent) to the rear eod of the breast-.
hone. This distance should be as wfae ,
as four lin ;ors when the hen is laying.
When the hen has this depth and
is also wide across her rear it proves
that she has an abundance of room to
manufacture egg's constantly and particularly
the egg shells, which are
formed in this part of her body. Such '
a hen will lay well when properly
cared for.
' 1
Hens with a small distance between ,
the pelvic bones and rear of breast- ^
bone and tight or unyielding rear body |
are not good layers. Put bands on the
legs of your layers and note how many (
1 oonaecutivo days they lay without
I resting. That will show how long
each hen can maintain her egg flow
an dthe better layers are those which
J cam continue laying for longer periods
aZJVERAL PUUFKtflC TTPC I
uy? M&vtrKoctf tm m* mm* ana#
' ' " ~t ? 4
1
<
The general purpose breeds have '
been selected primarily for the pro- !
dnction of table poultry. They are 1
a.so good layers of brown-shelled eggs. I
They hatch their chicks and are the
most satisfactory for those who want 1
one Hock of purebred chickens for
both meat and egg purposes. The !
more popular of the general purpose i
breeds are Flymouth Hocks. Rhode Isl- '
and Reds. Wyandottes and Orpingtons t
The most popular variety is the Bhi? i
red Plymouth Rock. This is recog- ]
nizod as the best chicken for market '
as it is large and well-meated and fattens
profitably when confined ic t
crates. i
FRANK C. HARK.
' Extension Poultry Husbandman.
Clem soil Agricultural College.
DESTROY CORN STUBBLE I
Farmers Can Reduce Damage from ,
Corn Stalk Borer by Turning
Under Stubble in Fall.
Corn stubble should not be allowed
to stand in the field all winter undisturbed.
The corn stalk borer is one
of the 'reasons" lor this. This insect
i\f (lift ntAQl nAtArlniiu " Arn
posts of the South and evidence of its
work can be seen in practically any
corn field at harvest time. It is the
cause of the holes that may occur in
any portion of a stalk.
The corn stalk borer remains as a
larva, or worm, in the base of corn
stubble beneath the ground during the
winter. Farmers do this insect a
great favor, therefore, when they let
their corn stubble stand undisturbed
iti the field during fall and winter.
Destroying corn stubble is not very
easy, except on modernly equipped
farms where there is sufficient horse
power and the stuhhle can be turned
under thoroughly. There Is. therefore,
some temptation to leave it undisturbed.
But the advantages of
turning stubble are such that a farmer
cannot well afford not to do it.
Turning it undeT helps very much in
I reducing the com stalk borer for
the next season.
| Where thorough turning cannot be
r?ract iced there a.re other methods
such as "busting out" the stubble an<l
hauling it to the compost heap for rotting.
Tiy another method, after the
corn is gathered, stalks, stubble, and
everything else may be "busted out."
raked Into heaps and. after a few
weeks for drying, burned. In experimental
work a very large percentage
of corn stalk boreV larvae (worms)
was destroyed during winter where
the stubble was plowed out and left
exposed to the weather.
But when these methods are prac
I iced bjr farmers only here and there,
' it will not help the situation very
' much The control of the corn etalk
1 borer depends upon the co-operative
1 action of the farmers of a community.
' The fact must also be borne in
mind that it is an extravagant prac'
tice to let corn fields lie idle and ex1
posed during the winter months, not
only on account of these insect pests,
' but also on account of the loss from
washing and leaching of soils.
A. P. CONRADI,
Professor of Entomology,
Clem son Agricultural College,
TTTK T.ANCASTP.K NEWS, Q
use of nun
to prevent smut
Botanist of Clemson College
Gives Simple Preventive
I
of Grain Disease.
I
FOROATS AND WHEAT SEED
Formalin Qnlutl nn Anrtli^H tr? Qmall
Qrain Before Planting Kills Spores
of Smut Without Injury to Germiinating
Powers.
Smut is the most widespread and
destructive disease of small grain and
It occurs wherever oats and wheat are
grown. When proper control methods
are not practiced, it frequently
causes serious loss. Fortunately, it la
not hard to prevent *.'?<s disease. In
formalin we have an easily obtainable
preparation that does the work efficiently.
Before sowing oats or wheat,
farmers should treat the seed with a
formalin solution to prevent smut. |
Soiut is caused by a parasitic ^
growth that Uvea In the tissues of the
plant. The disease spreads by spores
(very email, seed liko bodies) which
sling to the hulla or lodge in the
sreaans of individual oat or wheat
era ins and are thus carried Into a I
field with the seed. The spores germk- j
ante at about the wme time that the
plants come up and the disease grows
directly into the tissue of the young
plant.
Smut lives in plants apparently
without doing serious damage until
the plants begin to head out. Then
the disease concentrates its efforts in
the heads and black, sooty masses of
-pores till the places where grain ?
should form. As these masses break
up. the spores are scattered over the
field by wind. Many lodge in grains
>11 healthy heads of oats or wheat and
remain alive there until the seed are ^
planted again. Some remain in the jr
liseasiKl heads and are carried to the ^
hreshor. In threshing, the smut
spores are scattered everywhere and
many ftnd resting places in healthy ^
grains. ^
Oat or wheat smut can be controlled '
L>y soaking the planting seed in a
chemical solution that will kill the
rniut spores in the seed without injuring
the germinating powers of the
*eed. The best chemical to use for
his is formalin, which is a 40 per cent
solution of formaldehyde. It may be
procured from any reliable druggist.
Treatment with it is made as follows:
Make up the formalin solution by
mixing one pint formalin (40 percent
solution of formaldehyde) with 40 gallons
water. Sack the grain to be
lreated, about a bushel to a sack. Dip
i>ach sack of grain into the barrel of
solution and let it remain there for
from five to ten minutes, moving the
Mick up and down several times to
make sure that all the grains are thoroughly
wet. Finally, lift the sack and
let the solution drain out. after which
either pile the bags of treated grain
together and cover with bagging or
canvas, or pour the treated grain into
a pile on a clean tloor and cover with
bagging or canvas. I^eave the grain
covered thus for from 12 to 24 hours.
As a last step, spread the grain thinly
<>\?r a eloan floor to dry.
The grain seed should bo dried as
rapidly as possible to prevent sprouting.
X'aturaLly, grain Jthus treatod
should be put in clean bins or sacks
so as not to be again exposed to the
disea.e Sacks and bins that have
contained diseased grain may be dlsinfeet?d
by washing with a formalin
solution made of one pint formalin to
10 gallons water.
H. W. BARRE,
Professor of Botany,
Clemson Agricultural College.
ARE YOUR COWS EFFICIENT?
Putting the efficiency test to cows
with the milk scales and the Babcock
tester is one of the essentials of conducting
a successful dairy. When feed
{a hioh in T?ri/.o a f.. ^
o" v-.vc o 1111 IIIC1 ttlllUUl at- ^
ford to have boarders iu his dairy M
bam who eat up more in feed than ^
their milk yield is worth. The Hab- "
cork test will sfrow these delinquent 4
cows In their true light and the milk g
scales will put the clincher on the
argument. Testing cows will give 4
some farmers a big surprise. Rome* g
times the cow that looks like the "
poorest creature In the lot Is the best 4
butterfat producer. The dairy divis- g
ion of Clemaon College offers to jive
any farmer advice about testing milk f
and keeping records. Test, don't ^
guess. f
(
EQUIPPED FOR LIVE !
STOCK WORK. *
i "
The extension division of Clemaos f
College la well equipped to assist '
mi-mem in any pan 01 aoum Carolina 1
with any problem* in livestock that i
may arise. The college has two man
giving all their time to beef rattle '
and swine extension work, three dairy (
extension experts and one extension
pouitryman This ts one of the larg- '
est and best equipped animal husband- |
, ry extension forces in the United .
States. South Carolina farmers '
should *nke advantage of their oppon t
tunities along this line to get expert
help free of ooet.
^'TOKKK 19. 1915.
EVERY V
FAIR 1
WIT
n i
Denneu -1
For You Get
Fair Treatment
From the President of
to the wagon drivers <
W ?'
I every man connectec
> treats you FAIR and S
=====^=====
?
j Square Goods;
I is the basis of the success oi
* years of dealing with you, 3
J parents, has created a confid<
I could not be shaken even by
For Lan
Fair Weel
and hosts and hostesses, we t
a welcome and a good, big, mi
Our Cuj
Are Our
and our friends are our custc
read it vou know that you g
Fair and
Treatmen
A H
A J
Bennett
Com\
THE PURE FOi
ecoo?eoeo?<i}ooooo4
i
I9Vi
fEEK IS
iVEEKl
H I
erry Co.f
*?>
Nothing But {
Thorn Aluroirc
i iii?i \* runujoy
this concern down {
md push-cart boys, ?
1 with the business
QUARE.
?
rif Ca iv? Dvinnn f
at 1 an ii ii/Co 5
F this store. Thirty-three %
rour parents and grand- J
ence in this business that $
so called "panics." !
caster's *
i Visitors !
lave the heartiest kind of
'holesome smile.
=
stomers
Friends %
>mers and any way you !
et
Square |
t Always :
r S
- Terry I
jany }
OD GROCERS
INNHMOMMOeM