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2 Government ai Commencement address by W. W. Finley, president Southern Hailwya Company, at the commencement exercises of the Stevens Institute of Technology, Castle Point, Hoboken, New Jersey, June 10, 1913: Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen. It was with iull appreciation 01 the honor of delivering the commencement address at this institute that I accepted the Invitation extended to me by Dr. Humphreys. I shall endeavor to say something that I hope may be of practical ben?fit to the members of the graduuating class. As young men about to enter upon your life careers, you arc looking forward with high hopes to the future and are interested in the opportunities it may hold in store. Roaring in trim' the extent to which public policies maV aflect the levelopment of the I uited States, I have chosen as inv subject, "Government and Opportunity." The constitution of the ITnitcd States may he said to have marked the culmination and fruition of centuries of struggle by the AngloSaxon peoples to obtain for liie individual the maximum degree of liberty of action, either by himself or "la association with others, and to reduce to a mininmum governmental restrictions upon his activities, u, The first century of our life under ma* ii iu*'i > <11111 iiniUMiii'ia in U|ioratives. has taken the place of the small workshop, with Its individual owner, small group of Journeymen and apprentices, and hand labor; and tbe railway has supplanted the carter. A return to former conditions would be as Impossible as It would be undesirable. The corporation must have a permanent place in our industrial life and the opportunities of the future for tbe graduates of such Institutions as the Stevens Institute of Technology must be found very largely within its organdzaton. For this reason it Is a matter of vital importance to the rising generation and especially to the graduates of this school that the problems - of governmental regulation of business corporations shall be wisely and conservatively solved. This Is not only to your Interest, but it is to the interest of all the people, for the activities of man are so closely interrelated and inter-dependent that any policy tending to the injury of any importaij industry or occupation can not long be persisted in without harm to the entire body politic. In his Inaugural address on the fourth of last March, President Wilson said: "Society must see to it that it does not itself crush, or weaken, or darn age its own constituent parts. The first duty Of law is to keep sound the soC.lety it serves." There can, I think, he no question as to the soundness of the views expressed by the Presdent in these two sentences. They may be said to summarize the philosophy of government, for the objects of all government should he the well-being of the state as a whole and the happiness and prosperity of the individuals who compose the body politic. The attainment of these objects may best, be brought about by what may be termed conservative progressiveness. Intrinsically, conservation and progress are not antagnostlc. On the contrary, wise conservation is essential to true progress, for it is as Important that we shall hold fast to all that is good as that we f.hall accept changes that give promise of t remedying what may bo had. In fact, I believe we may well V' Question whether 11.ere If not more danger Hint we may crush, or woakor damage the constituent parts of society hv hasty an.I Ill-considered changes In the r.eme of progress than by cllngler* to I'me-trteri noli. cles until wo aro thoroughly con vlnced that changes proposed will work real and lasting improvemnets L?ord Bacon, whose essays have beer termed Va very c~fliard of the ap f les of wisdom." repressed this idej in the following language: "It Is good also not to try ex perl merits In states, except the neceeslt he urgent, or the utility evident; an well to beware that It be the refoi maf.ton that draweth on the changi and not the desire of change that pr< tendeth the reformation." Bulwer, In connection with a r< forence to the deliberation that mui I L nil Opportunity attend the alteration of the Consltut!on of the United States. 3^ys; | "So. more or less, In every community where a considerable degree of political freedom is possessed by the people, experiments which seem to Involve any hazards to the duration of liberties existing, though proffered as extensions and accelerants of their action, be regarded by the most devoted friends of the people's freedom with the same disfavor with which the trustees for the enjoyers of a solid estate would listen to proposals to hazard punctual rents and solid acres for shares Iti i company which offers 20 per cent and tiie chances of bankruptcy " that sonstttuuon was one in ivurin relatively scant use was made of the regulative powers which It conferred upon the fqilera' go\ernmeo', at 1 f the state governments were generali ly conservative in the exercise of >' their reserved powers. It was a century of phenomenal achievement in xvtiirh to :in Incrcasini! extent, enter prises beyond the capacity of an individual or a small group of individuals were undertaken. This led to the development of the coporr. .j system under which relatively small capitals of many individuals are brought together under a sinigle management. It was Inevitable that governmental policies fitted to a people mainly engaged In agriculture, and In whose life the business corporation was a small factor, should require some modification to fit them to the changed conditions brought about by the growth of manufacturing, the increased importance or transportation and the development of the corporation. The American people have set about making this readjustment and we are now passing through the transition period. The situation is one calling for the exercise of the highest political wisdom in order that such control as may be necessary to prevent abuse may be exercised without shutting the door to opportunity and retarding our progress as a people We are living in the day of great enterprises. The factory under corporate management, with its intri posing u nd no restrictions upon agencies of production or distribution, would leave to them the maximum of liberty consistent with th?* welfare of the body politic as a whole. It is the progress!veness that , would weigh carefully each proposition for a change, considering all of its ultimate, as well as its immediate, effcets, and would not, even it' everything seemed to be wrong, grasp at the first suggested remedy, just as excited and impressionable minnto (ti t I inn /? * an ** i 11t?til i itt ?/* in vi iii\; wi *? 11 * "i i some dangerous disease, will follow .every course of treatment that may he recommended to them. So far as governmental policies do not deal with crimes, public order, matters of public health, or social relations, they have to do with business activities. In tills latter relation they should have due regard for the laws of economies. It is important, therefore, that policies af' fecting the business activities of the people should he studied as economic problems. If we study t|(etn in their economic aspects I believe i that we will find that thos?* policies which allow the largest liberty in the conduct of business consistent with the protection of each indivdiual from unjust treatment are most favorable to true progress On many previous occasions I have stated the application of this principle to the business <vf transportation by rail by expressing my upirion that such regulation of rail ways as may lie necessary to prevent undue discrimination between iodi viduals, localities, and commodities and to prevent charges that are exorbitant or unreasonably high as measured by the service performed, is sound as a matter of economics and of governmental policy. I am equally of the opinion that regulations going farther and seeking to deny to a rail way the right to fix ; for Its service charges that are not unduly discriminatory and that ar.{not exorbitant or unreasonably high as measured by the service performed are not based on sound principles of economics or of governmental policy. Their ultimate effect is to retard railway development and to Impair the ability of the railways to provide the increased and improved facilities necessary for the prompt and satisfactory transportation of the commerce of the country Such regulatory policies are. therefore, restrictive of opportunity, not only in railway employment., but In every 1 productive and commercial occupa1 . tion. I It needs no argument to demonm strata that regulations which would - tend to restrict agricultural pro' duction or to Imnnio nnHno hnrrlotia I upon the commercial Interests of the l-lcountry would be dlsadvantageoun y 1 to all members of the body politic, d It 1b equally true that undue metricr tiona upon transportation must read b, upon every Individual whatever may b- be his occupation. It Is the functlor of the transportation agencies of thr B- United States to carry our citizens or at their journeys over all narts of tiw It Is inevitable that, in every country, there shall develop stuatlons in which, considered superficially, it might seem that the interests of some would be advanced by governmental restrictions upon the liberties of others and the temptation may be strong to attempt. In the name of progress, to impose such restrictions. In so far as such restrictions may be necessary to prevent any Individuals or associations of individuals from invading the liberties or rights of others they are consistent with sound principles of governmental policy. If, however, they tend to impose hardships or deny equality of rights to certain elements of our citizenship they are not truly progressive. ileal patriotic progressiveness is that which seeks to conserve and coordinate ail of the useful- forces of the country without the imposition of special restrictions or 1 e conferring of special rights. It. is the progressiveness that, instead of irn Ill tli<" same essay, -n-m further develops the Idea that 1 would seek to impress, when he says: ''There is nothing in a conservative policy antagonistic to progress, i On the contrary resistance to progress is destructive to conservation. * * A conservative policy * should have no fear of the calm extension of knowledge its real antagonist Is In the passionate force of ignorance." These two essayists?one of the time of Elizabeth, and the other of the time of Victoria?warn us against hurrying headlong Into changes in the vague hope that they Illiiy oe ufiiuiiviui, or ui iim iv-'j ? tli ? adoption of ill-considered innovations which may by found to be supported by "the passionate force ot ignorance." In a country such is ours, in which all. legislative powers and all executive authority proceed from the people and in which the people can change the fundamental character of the government, it is of supreme importance that the popular action shall at all times he controlled and guided by an intelligent public opinion which shall so shape governmental polices that they shall conserve the well-being fo the body politic and Its constituent members and insure their progress jy pre-erv ing the widest possible range of op rwirt unit ir>.Q THE LANCASTER NE^ country, to haul to market the pro- ' ducts of farms, factories, forests, mines, and fisheries, and to carry the malls of all the people. Even though a man might not, in the course of a year, have a single dircet transaction with a transportation comoany he would still be vitally concerned in the efficient conduct of the transportation business. It is to his interest that conditions surrounding that business shall be such as to attract the investment of capital needed to provide ample facilities for carrying the commerce of the country, and that state and federal governments , shall recognize the economic obligation which they are under of abstaining from unduly re-tricting regulation and of according Just and equitable treatment ot transportation companies, including such matters as the imposition of taxes and fixing compensation for the carriage of the mails It is difficult, even for men in the railway service, fully to appreciate ! x 1 e vaI n?nc of frqfflp thfll I J 1* carried in a single year or even in a single day on the lines of all the railways of the country. A single comparison may suggest faintly the extent of this public service. Every American is interested In the great work being done hv our people in the construction of the Panama canal at a cost of $375,000,000. It is in no way detracting from the importance of this great waterway to point out that, while according to the largest estimate that I have seen, tin* tratllc through the canal for the } first two years after completion will j he 10.500,000 tons per year, the , railway company, with which I have ( the honor to he connected, alone, j carried "2. 373.584 tons of freight . in its last fiscal year. The average , distance that freight was hauled by | that company during the year was 1 ' " miles, or more than three times j the length of the canal. In other \ words, this single railway company , carried in a single year more than j three times the volume of freight ( that the canal is expected ot carry in I | " ? ?wl onrrln/1 it nn tin !ivor:iiro I, more than three times the length of | the canal. Tills does not take into i account the very considerable ton- | nage of express and mail matter * handled by the railway company or < the 18,1 ID,253 passengers carried by It during the same year. When | It is realized that the freight traffic i statistics of this one railway operat- | ing on the Southeastern states rep- i resents only about one-seventh of the i total volume of freight carried In the United States In a year, osme idea I can be formed of the enormous rela- I tive importance of the public service i performed by the railways of the i United States, and of the vital inter- l est of the American people in their < prosperity and efficiency. My purpose in referring to govern- ' mental regulations is to develop the idea that all regualtions of the business activities of the citizen are not < necessarily progressive. Their effect < to crush, or weaken .or damage one of the constituent parts of society. With respect to all such policies I think it is the part of wisdom to follow Lord Bacon's advice, "to beware that it be the reformation that drvweth on the change, and not the l desire of change that pretendeth the 1 reformation." Whether governmental regulation it to be restrictive of progress and ' opportunity will be dependent, in large measure, upon the wisdom which marks the enactment of our laws and their enforcement. It is upon the graduates of institutions sue? as this that we must rely 1 for a large measure of leadership in sound thinking and conservative action Under our syptem the gov * I 11 * " 1 ciir dint# vuc iiui n awn there is always the possibilfty of abandoning harmful policies after their unwisdom has been demnostrated. I have faith, therefore, in the ability of the American people ultimately to settle ail these questions aright Whether it shall be done without our passage through a season of stress and trial will be largely dependent upon th degree to which our fellow citizens can be brought to a realization of the importance of policies that will preserve the widest range of opportunities. I have spoken of the part to be played by public policies in preserving or restricting opportunities, but. imponani as mose factors are, me acgree of success attained by each one of you will !?*? largely dependent upon the use which you, tndividuriy, make of your opportunites. In speaking of opportunities, I do not limit the meaning of the word to exceptional chances to achieve great success by a sudden stroke of fortune. The man who sits to wait for an opportunity of the exceptional kind will often lead an un.stici ossful life and will be unprepared for the exceptional chance if lie should encounter it . The successful man is usually he who does not wait for something big but who makes tlie most of each day's opportunities. lie they large or small. He searches for opportunities and makes thenj for himself, and we will generally find that where a man has achieved some great and sudden success. he has been one of this persistent. type and his good fortune, Instead of being merely good Inck, has been the result of his constant habit of making the most of every proper opportunity. You are leaving the Stevens Institute of Technology and beginning your active business careers at a time when the world Is looking for yourig men with technic*! training and with capacity for doing thlngft. On every hand there 1b work to do In which the graduaten of thlB institution car find their opportunities. You may nave to begin In subordlnate positions, but with character, Industry, and persistence, you can 1 face the future with confidence. I ' hdbe that each one of you may achieve the fullest measure of sue cess and that each one of you may r do his part in the progress of the 1 future i s Lancaster Leads. W8, JULY 8, 1913. PLANS FOR GREAT WORLD CONFERENCE _ I V File Protectant Kpivropal Church ^ Arranging For Promotion of pQ Christian Unity. The Protestant Episcopal Church 1 In October, 1910, appointed a com- A ' mission to bring about a conference ror the consideration of questions as to the faith and order of the Chris- An tian Church, in the hope that such n conference will promote the cause ' af Christian uulty.. That commls 3lon is inviting an i nrisuan uom- * " amnions throughout the world which confess our Lord Jesus Christ as Cod ' md Saviour to unite with the Epis- M opal Church in arranging for and conducting such a conference. More 1 than twenty such co-operating corn- A 1 Missions have been appointed, including all the leading Communions J in the United States and the Church An >f England in England and Canada, invitations are now being sent to the jther leading Communions outside he United States as fast as the Ah lames and addresses of their officers j an be obtained. The Episcopal 1 Commission is publishing leaflets. W1 explaining the scope and methods of he Conference, and giving a list of i 1 jooks on Christian Unity, and those A eaflets have been circulated all over he world. The commission is glad j :o send them free to any one who An vill apply for them to the secretary, j llobert 11. Gardiner, Gardiner, Maine. | lie has received probably ten thousand, or more, letters on the subject, coming from every part of the vorld and front members of every Communion, Protestant and Catho- j.*x ic. Persons applying are entered on i permanent mailing list, so that ihev will receive all future publica- I , ions. ,av The Episcopal commission is try-jJOi iig to carry on the undertaking in ! r01 the spirit of Bishop Brent, who i r irged, at the meeting when the com- I mission was organized, that the side j ' :>f organization slia.11 not be made too | !ua prominent, but that we shall seek I, spiritual power. The first step shall " be, in a new and full and deep way. to rededicate ourselves to God, free 1 from past prejudices, in order that. >o losing ourselves, we may have a spiritual power simply compelling. ? Ministers and laymen and women In South Carolina to the number of f>8 have already been brought together, at least to the extent of en- ' rollment on the list, whi^h is ar- | ranged geographically so that those who are interested enough in Christian Unity to apply to be plr ed on the list may obtain the names of others in their neighborhood also interested, with whom they can meet for united prayer for the reunion of Christians and for conference as to bow it can best be brought about. The list includes Disciples of Christ, Baptists, Episcopalians, Presbyterians and "Roman Catholics. The executive committee of the commission of the Episcopal Church, of which the Rev. W. T. Manning, D. D.t rector of Trinity church. New York, is chairman, has recently Issued a circular letter urging such local conferences. The World Conference may not be held for a number of years, for it will be a long undertaking to get the approval of all the leading Communions all over the world, though the project is being received with great cordiality. For Weakness and Loss of Appetite rUm. ni.i GKOVHS T A ST H LH SS c h i U " T< ) NIC. "dr "ves ou t I II Malaria and builds up the system. A true tonic || au<l sure Appetizer, l-'or adults and children. 50c.lt? < I wsmrmiE Yr>n rl^n kindle. No smoke or dirt 2Vj "5 I Note the n complete cookin font, cabinet t< burners. See your de; STANDi Washington, D. C Richmond, Va. , Norfolk, Va. f L _ _ II rHE LITTLE LAND OF HOPE. eir Wl vould not give much for the way Wli at all yt! [f It did not lead some time the deer little beautiful land of . ?. hop., *f [n the vale of the sunshine clime; h and where the fairies still come at ? ' night J ro dance In the moonbeams clear, d love goes by with her lips of light. \nd her little sons so dear! pa ould not give much for the things Jia we gain e By our toll and daily care, ^ it were not the beautiful land of hope ta ts calling and leading us there; and where the sorrows that weigh ^ us down, (j0 \nd the shadows above us flee, m, d we wander in dreams from the jH, roaring town sj, ro the dreams of the tliinge to be! aii I an , dear little land of hope, shine qll on. I h? Like a star that leads to God, | rf, lerever we wander, wherever we I gjj toll, in. Wherever we wearily plod! an land where the sunshine Is always sweet. \nd the balmiest breezes blow, ? d the grasses are green 'neath our , "G weary feet, i th A ,1 kAA.??l?..l nuu uio urauuiui i unun ^ruw ; 0^ ?The Bentztown Bard. an ro Why Boys Leave School. co change. ur ,\t least half of the boys the couu- ? over leave school as coon as the r allows, which Is usually at 14 I irs of age. But only a small per- j itage leave through any real pros- fli e from their parents. That Is, the Kl ?at majority of parents worship hi jcatlon per se anil are willing to ar ke whatever sacrifice is necessary ar continue their children in school, j 1 the conclusion of the American a cliinlst. on On the other hand, the majority of ar the Clemson Agric Enrollment over 800?value of |?ro| third?over 00 teacl DEGREE COURSES?Agriculture, ( chanical and Electrical Englneerin dustry, Architectural Engineering SHORT COURSES?One-Year Couri Course in Textile Industry; FourGrading; Four-Weeks Winter Co COST?Cost per session of nine mot light, water, board, laundry, and Tuition, if able to pay, $40.00 exi the one year Agricultural Course, all expenses, $10.00. SCHOLARSHIP AND ENTRANCE maintains 167 four-year Agrlculti " and 61 one-year Agricultural Sch $100.00 per seslon and Free Tuiti ed Clemson College, or any other eligible for the Scholarships unlet pllcants.) Scholarships and Entrance Exa County Superintendent of Educatloc NEXT SESSION OPENS Write at once to W. M Clemson College, S. C., for Catalog, delay, you may be Fuel reach 't have to wait for coal or ashes to car no blackened ceilii swyer^ctig lil Cook-stovn cw 4-burner New Perfeci g device on the market, w op, etc. Smaller stoves :iler_ or write for full narf \RD OIL CC (New Jersey) BALTIMORE MMMiU "lu *> .Mm ' - y# vmk<< w. 'I i iployers who h'.ve work to offer ?lch is fit for theso boys, do not int them until they are p.t least 1? ars old und many not until they b 18. The amount of money which ys up to these ages can earn is cerInly not in any degree an equivalt for the education which they ould obtain in the two or four-year riod. The almost universal plea the part of the children is that ey hate school and want to work, hat does this mean? What part school lifo do they hato and what rt of shop life do they crave? One of our correspondents who s had abundant opportunity to instigate theso matters holds that e inrRusi 01 HUH u?i?uiiuu m lark of willingness to think and to ke responsibility. That is, it is a rni of mental laziness. As he views e situation a hoy feels that ho can dge responsibility for correct arlth*tic, Kugllsh and everything else is taught in school by entering a op. There, at his age, he is only lowed to do work which is almost itomatic in its nature, which reires for its successful completion, i is only given work which does quire thought and attention as he ows willingness to do it; which pans that many never rise at all d the rest comparatively slowly. To a boy 10 hours a day in the op spells more liberty than five nirs in a school room, because In e shop he only does what he can ally do without mental exertion d without worry. In the school om he is expected, at least, to be nstantly on the alert and strained > to concert pitch. 4 . Tlio King of All Laxatives. For constipation, headaches, ingestion and dyspepsia, use Dr. Ing's New Life Pills Paul Matilks. of Buffalo, N. Y., says they o the "King of r.U laxatives. They e a blessing to all ray family and always keep a box at home." Get box and get well. Price 26c. Reonmended by Lancaster Pharmacy id Standard Drug Company. ultural College [>erty over a million and a iers and officers. seven courses), Chemistry, Meg, Civil Engineering, Textile In*e in Agriculture; Two-Year -Weeks Winter Course in Cotton urse for Farmers, iths. Including all fees, heat, two complete uniforms, $133.45. tra. Total cost per session for $117.66, Four-Weeks Course, EXAMINATIONS?The College iral and Textile Scholarships, olarships. Value of Scholarships on. (Students who have attendCollege or University, are tfot is there are no other eligible apiminations will be held by the l on July 11th, at 9 a. m. SEPTEMBER 10, 1018. it *i , i. niuu^, i resiaeni Scholarship Blanks, etc. It yon crowded out. I Troubles e Over i you use a . Perfection Dook Stove. t liftthe tank i 'the cradle fill ? your Perfection is / for the day. the fire to ry; no soot, irrs. jn S* don?the most ith indicator on with 1, 2 or 3 iculars to >MPANY Charlotte, N. C. Charleston, W. Vt. Charleston, S. C. ?