The Lancaster news. (Lancaster, S.C.) 1905-current, July 08, 1913, Page 2, Image 2
2
Government ai
Commencement address by W. W.
Finley, president Southern Hailwya
Company, at the commencement exercises
of the Stevens Institute of
Technology, Castle Point, Hoboken,
New Jersey, June 10, 1913:
Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen.
It was with iull appreciation 01
the honor of delivering the commencement
address at this institute
that I accepted the Invitation extended
to me by Dr. Humphreys.
I shall endeavor to say something
that I hope may be of practical ben?fit
to the members of the graduuating
class. As young men about to
enter upon your life careers, you arc
looking forward with high hopes to
the future and are interested in the
opportunities it may hold in store.
Roaring in trim' the extent to which
public policies maV aflect the levelopment
of the I uited States, I have
chosen as inv subject, "Government
and Opportunity."
The constitution of the ITnitcd
States may he said to have marked
the culmination and fruition of centuries
of struggle by the AngloSaxon
peoples to obtain for liie individual
the maximum degree of liberty
of action, either by himself or
"la association with others, and to reduce
to a mininmum governmental
restrictions upon his activities,
u, The first century of our life under
ma* ii iu*'i > <11111 iiniUMiii'ia in U|ioratives.
has taken the place of the
small workshop, with Its individual
owner, small group of Journeymen
and apprentices, and hand labor;
and tbe railway has supplanted the
carter. A return to former conditions
would be as Impossible as It
would be undesirable. The corporation
must have a permanent place in
our industrial life and the opportunities
of the future for tbe graduates
of such Institutions as the Stevens
Institute of Technology must be
found very largely within its organdzaton.
For this reason it Is a matter of
vital importance to the rising generation
and especially to the graduates
of this school that the problems
- of governmental regulation of business
corporations shall be wisely and
conservatively solved. This Is not
only to your Interest, but it is to the
interest of all the people, for the activities
of man are so closely interrelated
and inter-dependent that any
policy tending to the injury of any
importaij industry or occupation
can not long be persisted in without
harm to the entire body politic.
In his Inaugural address on the
fourth of last March, President Wilson
said:
"Society must see to it that it does
not itself crush, or weaken, or darn
age its own constituent parts. The
first duty Of law is to keep sound the
soC.lety it serves."
There can, I think, he no question
as to the soundness of the views expressed
by the Presdent in these two
sentences. They may be said to
summarize the philosophy of government,
for the objects of all government
should he the well-being of the
state as a whole and the happiness
and prosperity of the individuals who
compose the body politic. The attainment
of these objects may best,
be brought about by what may be
termed conservative progressiveness.
Intrinsically, conservation and progress
are not antagnostlc. On the
contrary, wise conservation is essential
to true progress, for it is as
Important that we shall hold fast to
all that is good as that we f.hall accept
changes that give promise of
t remedying what may bo had.
In fact, I believe we may well
V' Question whether 11.ere If not more
danger Hint we may crush, or woakor
damage the constituent parts
of society hv hasty an.I Ill-considered
changes In the r.eme of progress
than by cllngler* to I'me-trteri noli.
cles until wo aro thoroughly con
vlnced that changes proposed will
work real and lasting improvemnets
L?ord Bacon, whose essays have beer
termed Va very c~fliard of the ap
f les of wisdom." repressed this idej
in the following language:
"It Is good also not to try ex perl
merits In states, except the neceeslt
he urgent, or the utility evident; an
well to beware that It be the refoi
maf.ton that draweth on the changi
and not the desire of change that pr<
tendeth the reformation."
Bulwer, In connection with a r<
forence to the deliberation that mui
I
L
nil Opportunity
attend the alteration of the Consltut!on
of the United States. 3^ys;
| "So. more or less, In every community
where a considerable degree
of political freedom is possessed by
the people, experiments which seem
to Involve any hazards to the duration
of liberties existing, though
proffered as extensions and accelerants
of their action, be regarded by
the most devoted friends of the people's
freedom with the same disfavor
with which the trustees for the enjoyers
of a solid estate would listen
to proposals to hazard punctual rents
and solid acres for shares Iti i company
which offers 20 per cent and
tiie chances of bankruptcy "
that sonstttuuon was one in ivurin
relatively scant use was made of the
regulative powers which It conferred
upon the fqilera' go\ernmeo', at 1
f the state governments were generali
ly conservative in the exercise of
>' their reserved powers. It was a century
of phenomenal achievement in
xvtiirh to :in Incrcasini! extent, enter
prises beyond the capacity of an individual
or a small group of individuals
were undertaken. This led to
the development of the coporr. .j system
under which relatively small
capitals of many individuals are
brought together under a sinigle
management.
It was Inevitable that governmental
policies fitted to a people mainly
engaged In agriculture, and In whose
life the business corporation was a
small factor, should require some
modification to fit them to the
changed conditions brought about
by the growth of manufacturing, the
increased importance or transportation
and the development of the corporation.
The American people have set
about making this readjustment and
we are now passing through the
transition period. The situation is
one calling for the exercise of the
highest political wisdom in order
that such control as may be necessary
to prevent abuse may be exercised
without shutting the door to
opportunity and retarding our progress
as a people
We are living in the day of great
enterprises. The factory under corporate
management, with its intri
posing u nd no restrictions upon
agencies of production or distribution,
would leave to them the maximum
of liberty consistent with th?*
welfare of the body politic as a
whole. It is the progress!veness that
, would weigh carefully each proposition
for a change, considering all of
its ultimate, as well as its immediate,
effcets, and would not, even it'
everything seemed to be wrong,
grasp at the first suggested remedy,
just as excited and impressionable
minnto (ti t I inn /? * an ** i 11t?til i itt
?/* in vi iii\; wi *? 11 * "i
i some dangerous disease, will follow
.every course of treatment that may
he recommended to them.
So far as governmental policies do
not deal with crimes, public order,
matters of public health, or social
relations, they have to do with business
activities. In tills latter relation
they should have due regard
for the laws of economies. It is important,
therefore, that policies af'
fecting the business activities of the
people should he studied as economic
problems. If we study t|(etn
in their economic aspects I believe
i that we will find that thos?* policies
which allow the largest liberty in the
conduct of business consistent with
the protection of each indivdiual
from unjust treatment are most favorable
to true progress
On many previous occasions I
have stated the application of this
principle to the business <vf transportation
by rail by expressing my
upirion that such regulation of rail
ways as may lie necessary to prevent
undue discrimination between iodi
viduals, localities, and commodities
and to prevent charges that are exorbitant
or unreasonably high as
measured by the service performed,
is sound as a matter of economics
and of governmental policy. I am
equally of the opinion that regulations
going farther and seeking to
deny to a rail way the right to fix
; for Its service charges that are not
unduly discriminatory and that ar.{not
exorbitant or unreasonably high
as measured by the service performed
are not based on sound principles
of economics or of governmental
policy. Their ultimate effect is to
retard railway development and to
Impair the ability of the railways to
provide the increased and improved
facilities necessary for the prompt
and satisfactory transportation of
the commerce of the country Such
regulatory policies are. therefore, restrictive
of opportunity, not only in
railway employment., but In every
1 productive and commercial occupa1
. tion.
I It needs no argument to demonm
strata that regulations which would
- tend to restrict agricultural pro'
duction or to Imnnio nnHno hnrrlotia
I upon the commercial Interests of the
l-lcountry would be dlsadvantageoun
y 1 to all members of the body politic,
d It 1b equally true that undue metricr
tiona upon transportation must read
b, upon every Individual whatever may
b- be his occupation. It Is the functlor
of the transportation agencies of thr
B- United States to carry our citizens or
at their journeys over all narts of tiw
It Is inevitable that, in every country,
there shall develop stuatlons in
which, considered superficially, it
might seem that the interests of
some would be advanced by governmental
restrictions upon the liberties
of others and the temptation may be
strong to attempt. In the name of
progress, to impose such restrictions.
In so far as such restrictions may
be necessary to prevent any Individuals
or associations of individuals
from invading the liberties or rights
of others they are consistent with
sound principles of governmental
policy. If, however, they tend to
impose hardships or deny equality of
rights to certain elements of our
citizenship they are not truly progressive.
ileal patriotic progressiveness is
that which seeks to conserve and coordinate
ail of the useful- forces of
the country without the imposition
of special restrictions or 1 e conferring
of special rights. It. is the
progressiveness that, instead of irn
Ill tli<" same essay, -n-m
further develops the Idea that 1
would seek to impress, when he says:
''There is nothing in a conservative
policy antagonistic to progress,
i On the contrary resistance to progress
is destructive to conservation.
* * A conservative policy
* should have no fear of the
calm extension of knowledge its
real antagonist Is In the passionate
force of ignorance."
These two essayists?one of the
time of Elizabeth, and the other of
the time of Victoria?warn us
against hurrying headlong Into
changes in the vague hope that they
Illiiy oe ufiiuiiviui, or ui iim iv-'j ?
tli ? adoption of ill-considered innovations
which may by found to be
supported by "the passionate force
ot ignorance." In a country such is
ours, in which all. legislative powers
and all executive authority proceed
from the people and in which the
people can change the fundamental
character of the government, it is of
supreme importance that the popular
action shall at all times he controlled
and guided by an intelligent
public opinion which shall so shape
governmental polices that they shall
conserve the well-being fo the body
politic and Its constituent members
and insure their progress jy pre-erv
ing the widest possible range of op
rwirt unit ir>.Q
THE LANCASTER NE^
country, to haul to market the pro- '
ducts of farms, factories, forests,
mines, and fisheries, and to carry
the malls of all the people. Even
though a man might not, in the
course of a year, have a single dircet
transaction with a transportation
comoany he would still be vitally
concerned in the efficient conduct of
the transportation business. It is to
his interest that conditions surrounding
that business shall be such
as to attract the investment of capital
needed to provide ample facilities
for carrying the commerce of the
country, and that state and federal
governments , shall recognize the
economic obligation which they are
under of abstaining from unduly re-tricting
regulation and of according
Just and equitable treatment ot
transportation companies, including
such matters as the imposition of
taxes and fixing compensation for
the carriage of the mails
It is difficult, even for men in the
railway service, fully to appreciate !
x 1 e vaI n?nc of frqfflp thfll I J
1* carried in a single year or even
in a single day on the lines of all the
railways of the country. A single
comparison may suggest faintly the
extent of this public service. Every
American is interested In the great
work being done hv our people in
the construction of the Panama
canal at a cost of $375,000,000. It
is in no way detracting from the importance
of this great waterway to
point out that, while according to
the largest estimate that I have seen,
tin* tratllc through the canal for the }
first two years after completion will j
he 10.500,000 tons per year, the ,
railway company, with which I have (
the honor to he connected, alone, j
carried "2. 373.584 tons of freight .
in its last fiscal year. The average ,
distance that freight was hauled by |
that company during the year was
1 ' " miles, or more than three times j
the length of the canal. In other \
words, this single railway company ,
carried in a single year more than j
three times the volume of freight (
that the canal is expected ot carry in I |
" ? ?wl onrrln/1 it nn tin !ivor:iiro I,
more than three times the length of |
the canal. Tills does not take into i
account the very considerable ton- |
nage of express and mail matter *
handled by the railway company or <
the 18,1 ID,253 passengers carried
by It during the same year. When |
It is realized that the freight traffic i
statistics of this one railway operat- |
ing on the Southeastern states rep- i
resents only about one-seventh of the i
total volume of freight carried In the
United States In a year, osme idea I
can be formed of the enormous rela- I
tive importance of the public service i
performed by the railways of the i
United States, and of the vital inter- l
est of the American people in their <
prosperity and efficiency.
My purpose in referring to govern- '
mental regulations is to develop the
idea that all regualtions of the business
activities of the citizen are not <
necessarily progressive. Their effect <
to crush, or weaken .or damage one
of the constituent parts of society.
With respect to all such policies I
think it is the part of wisdom to follow
Lord Bacon's advice, "to beware
that it be the reformation that
drvweth on the change, and not the l
desire of change that pretendeth the 1
reformation."
Whether governmental regulation
it to be restrictive of progress and '
opportunity will be dependent, in
large measure, upon the wisdom
which marks the enactment
of our laws and their enforcement.
It is upon the graduates of institutions
sue? as this that we must rely 1
for a large measure of leadership in
sound thinking and conservative action
Under our syptem the gov
* I 11 * " 1 ciir dint# vuc iiui n awn
there is always the possibilfty of
abandoning harmful policies after
their unwisdom has been demnostrated.
I have faith, therefore, in the
ability of the American people ultimately
to settle ail these questions
aright Whether it shall be done
without our passage through a season
of stress and trial will be largely
dependent upon th degree to which
our fellow citizens can be brought to
a realization of the importance of
policies that will preserve the widest
range of opportunities.
I have spoken of the part to be
played by public policies in preserving
or restricting opportunities, but.
imponani as mose factors are, me acgree
of success attained by each one
of you will !?*? largely dependent upon
the use which you, tndividuriy, make
of your opportunites. In speaking
of opportunities, I do not limit the
meaning of the word to exceptional
chances to achieve great success by
a sudden stroke of fortune. The man
who sits to wait for an opportunity
of the exceptional kind will often
lead an un.stici ossful life and will be
unprepared for the exceptional chance
if lie should encounter it . The successful
man is usually he who does
not wait for something big but who
makes tlie most of each day's opportunities.
lie they large or small. He
searches for opportunities and makes
thenj for himself, and we will generally
find that where a man has
achieved some great and sudden success.
he has been one of this persistent.
type and his good fortune, Instead
of being merely good Inck, has
been the result of his constant habit
of making the most of every proper
opportunity.
You are leaving the Stevens Institute
of Technology and beginning
your active business careers at a
time when the world Is looking for
yourig men with technic*! training
and with capacity for doing thlngft.
On every hand there 1b work to do
In which the graduaten of thlB institution
car find their opportunities.
You may nave to begin In subordlnate
positions, but with character,
Industry, and persistence, you can
1 face the future with confidence. I
' hdbe that each one of you may
achieve the fullest measure of sue
cess and that each one of you may
r do his part in the progress of the
1 future
i
s Lancaster Leads.
W8, JULY 8, 1913.
PLANS FOR GREAT
WORLD CONFERENCE _
I V
File Protectant Kpivropal Church ^
Arranging For Promotion of pQ
Christian Unity.
The Protestant Episcopal Church 1
In October, 1910, appointed a com- A '
mission to bring about a conference
ror the consideration of questions as
to the faith and order of the Chris- An
tian Church, in the hope that such
n conference will promote the cause '
af Christian uulty.. That commls
3lon is inviting an i nrisuan uom- * "
amnions throughout the world which
confess our Lord Jesus Christ as Cod '
md Saviour to unite with the Epis- M
opal Church in arranging for and
conducting such a conference. More 1
than twenty such co-operating corn- A 1
Missions have been appointed, including
all the leading Communions J
in the United States and the Church An
>f England in England and Canada,
invitations are now being sent to the
jther leading Communions outside
he United States as fast as the Ah
lames and addresses of their officers j
an be obtained. The Episcopal 1
Commission is publishing leaflets. W1
explaining the scope and methods of
he Conference, and giving a list of i 1
jooks on Christian Unity, and those A
eaflets have been circulated all over
he world. The commission is glad j
:o send them free to any one who An
vill apply for them to the secretary, j
llobert 11. Gardiner, Gardiner, Maine. | lie
has received probably ten thousand,
or more, letters on the subject,
coming from every part of the
vorld and front members of every
Communion, Protestant and Catho- j.*x
ic. Persons applying are entered on
i permanent mailing list, so that
ihev will receive all future publica- I , ions.
,av
The Episcopal commission is try-jJOi
iig to carry on the undertaking in ! r01
the spirit of Bishop Brent, who i r
irged, at the meeting when the com- I
mission was organized, that the side j '
:>f organization slia.11 not be made too | !ua
prominent, but that we shall seek I,
spiritual power. The first step shall "
be, in a new and full and deep way.
to rededicate ourselves to God, free 1
from past prejudices, in order that.
>o losing ourselves, we may have a
spiritual power simply compelling. ?
Ministers and laymen and women
In South Carolina to the number of
f>8 have already been brought together,
at least to the extent of en- '
rollment on the list, whi^h is ar- |
ranged geographically so that those
who are interested enough in Christian
Unity to apply to be plr ed on
the list may obtain the names of others
in their neighborhood also interested,
with whom they can meet
for united prayer for the reunion of
Christians and for conference as to
bow it can best be brought about.
The list includes Disciples of Christ,
Baptists, Episcopalians, Presbyterians
and "Roman Catholics. The executive
committee of the commission
of the Episcopal Church, of which
the Rev. W. T. Manning, D. D.t rector
of Trinity church. New York, is
chairman, has recently Issued a circular
letter urging such local conferences.
The World Conference may
not be held for a number of years,
for it will be a long undertaking to
get the approval of all the leading
Communions all over the world,
though the project is being received
with great cordiality.
For Weakness and Loss of Appetite
rUm. ni.i
GKOVHS T A ST H LH SS c h i U " T< ) NIC. "dr "ves ou t I II
Malaria and builds up the system. A true tonic ||
au<l sure Appetizer, l-'or adults and children. 50c.lt?
<
I
wsmrmiE
Yr>n rl^n
kindle. No
smoke or dirt
2Vj
"5
I Note the n
complete cookin
font, cabinet t<
burners.
See your de;
STANDi
Washington, D. C
Richmond, Va.
, Norfolk, Va.
f
L _ _
II
rHE LITTLE LAND OF HOPE. eir
Wl
vould not give much for the way Wli
at all yt!
[f It did not lead some time
the deer little beautiful land of . ?.
hop., *f
[n the vale of the sunshine clime; h
and where the fairies still come at ? '
night J
ro dance In the moonbeams clear,
d love goes by with her lips of
light.
\nd her little sons so dear!
pa
ould not give much for the things Jia
we gain e
By our toll and daily care, ^
it were not the beautiful land of
hope ta
ts calling and leading us there;
and where the sorrows that weigh ^
us down, (j0
\nd the shadows above us flee, m,
d we wander in dreams from the jH,
roaring town sj,
ro the dreams of the tliinge to be! aii
I an
, dear little land of hope, shine qll
on. I h?
Like a star that leads to God, | rf,
lerever we wander, wherever we I gjj
toll, in.
Wherever we wearily plod! an
land where the sunshine Is always
sweet.
\nd the balmiest breezes blow, ?
d the grasses are green 'neath our , "G
weary feet, i th
A ,1 kAA.??l?..l
nuu uio urauuiui i unun ^ruw ; 0^
?The Bentztown Bard. an
ro
Why Boys Leave School. co
change. ur
,\t least half of the boys the couu- ?
over leave school as coon as the
r allows, which Is usually at 14 I
irs of age. But only a small per- j
itage leave through any real pros- fli
e from their parents. That Is, the Kl
?at majority of parents worship hi
jcatlon per se anil are willing to ar
ke whatever sacrifice is necessary ar
continue their children in school, j 1
the conclusion of the American a
cliinlst. on
On the other hand, the majority of ar
the Clemson Agric
Enrollment over 800?value of |?ro|
third?over 00 teacl
DEGREE COURSES?Agriculture, (
chanical and Electrical Englneerin
dustry, Architectural Engineering
SHORT COURSES?One-Year Couri
Course in Textile Industry; FourGrading;
Four-Weeks Winter Co
COST?Cost per session of nine mot
light, water, board, laundry, and
Tuition, if able to pay, $40.00 exi
the one year Agricultural Course,
all expenses, $10.00.
SCHOLARSHIP AND ENTRANCE
maintains 167 four-year Agrlculti
" and 61 one-year Agricultural Sch
$100.00 per seslon and Free Tuiti
ed Clemson College, or any other
eligible for the Scholarships unlet
pllcants.)
Scholarships and Entrance Exa
County Superintendent of Educatloc
NEXT SESSION OPENS
Write at once to W. M
Clemson College, S. C., for Catalog,
delay, you may be
Fuel
reach
't have to wait for
coal or ashes to car
no blackened ceilii
swyer^ctig
lil Cook-stovn
cw 4-burner New Perfeci
g device on the market, w
op, etc. Smaller stoves
:iler_ or write for full narf
\RD OIL CC
(New Jersey)
BALTIMORE
MMMiU "lu
*> .Mm ' - y# vmk<< w. 'I
i
iployers who h'.ve work to offer
?lch is fit for theso boys, do not
int them until they are p.t least 1?
ars old und many not until they
b 18. The amount of money which
ys up to these ages can earn is cerInly
not in any degree an equivalt
for the education which they
ould obtain in the two or four-year
riod. The almost universal plea
the part of the children is that
ey hate school and want to work,
hat does this mean? What part
school lifo do they hato and what
rt of shop life do they crave?
One of our correspondents who
s had abundant opportunity to instigate
theso matters holds that
e inrRusi 01 HUH u?i?uiiuu m
lark of willingness to think and to
ke responsibility. That is, it is a
rni of mental laziness. As he views
e situation a hoy feels that ho can
dge responsibility for correct arlth*tic,
Kugllsh and everything else
is taught in school by entering a
op. There, at his age, he is only
lowed to do work which is almost
itomatic in its nature, which reires
for its successful completion,
i is only given work which does
quire thought and attention as he
ows willingness to do it; which
pans that many never rise at all
d the rest comparatively slowly.
To a boy 10 hours a day in the
op spells more liberty than five
nirs in a school room, because In
e shop he only does what he can
ally do without mental exertion
d without worry. In the school
om he is expected, at least, to be
nstantly on the alert and strained
> to concert pitch.
4 .
Tlio King of All Laxatives.
For constipation, headaches, ingestion
and dyspepsia, use Dr.
Ing's New Life Pills Paul Matilks.
of Buffalo, N. Y., says they
o the "King of r.U laxatives. They
e a blessing to all ray family and
always keep a box at home." Get
box and get well. Price 26c. Reonmended
by Lancaster Pharmacy
id Standard Drug Company.
ultural College
[>erty over a million and a
iers and officers.
seven courses), Chemistry, Meg,
Civil Engineering, Textile In*e
in Agriculture; Two-Year
-Weeks Winter Course in Cotton
urse for Farmers,
iths. Including all fees, heat,
two complete uniforms, $133.45.
tra. Total cost per session for
$117.66, Four-Weeks Course,
EXAMINATIONS?The College
iral and Textile Scholarships,
olarships. Value of Scholarships
on. (Students who have attendCollege
or University, are tfot
is there are no other eligible apiminations
will be held by the
l on July 11th, at 9 a. m.
SEPTEMBER 10, 1018.
it *i ,
i. niuu^, i resiaeni
Scholarship Blanks, etc. It yon
crowded out.
I Troubles
e Over
i you use a .
Perfection
Dook Stove.
t liftthe tank
i 'the cradle
fill ? your
Perfection is
/ for the day.
the fire to
ry; no soot,
irrs.
jn
S*
don?the most
ith indicator on
with 1, 2 or 3
iculars to
>MPANY
Charlotte, N. C.
Charleston, W. Vt.
Charleston, S. C.
?