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FPAP . R aMY ,ow'A JO/Y /Y/. Cr T is difficult ior those who are concerned more with enjoying the luxuries and pleasures of life than they are in securing its necessities to understand the feelings of those to whom hunger is not an unusual experience. And, yet, we are told that one-tenth of the American peo pie do not get enough to eat; that four-fifths of our wage earners do not earn in excess of $500 a year. Living on such an Income is like * wise more or less incomprehensiblo to those to whom the expenditure of such a year's earnings in a brief outing in the mountains,, the northern woods or at the seashore is not an unusual experience. The -problem of achievement of ambition and of sucess tnat confront the business or the profes .onal man is radically differeit from that prob. c~4Tli594qv 1/ QRA/A'* Jom of existence that daily demands a solu tion from 75,000,000 of people in the United States alone. This prob leni is, of course, most acute in those centers of population and Indus try where great wealth and great poverty exist side by side in striking contrast. While poverty and Misfortune are not unknown in Ihe coun. try districts, they exist thero geieraily as a Io. AO JAN7 C -o 0 suit of ae(ident, miisfor. AMA- M tune or disease, an11d not from the lack of opportinlitles or the (iscrlim ination and injustice apparently incident to our present indultstrnial system. Wh1ile the problem of the poor has always been, and doubtless will al ways be, with us, that is no reason why we should accept with complacency Col(itions whic-h0, if not Capable (Of being completely reformed, are, at least, capable of considerable correction. The increase in the cost of living inl recent years has given a new interest to attempted ex planations of existing conditions, and v'arious the ories are offered. We are told that the increase It, Oh aiount of gold production, or rather the de p C7 in the cost of gold pro(luction, has low ered its tit'reuld, therefore, enlarged our nmeas ure of value, witt'. c onsequnent in fenso in the cost of necessities A well as the iaxuries of life without a correspon ?iing increage in wages and~ salaries; that combinations atid trusts have in creased the price of their prnoducts by ar-bit rarily fixing t he price of the raw matecrial to the pro0 ducer andl the price of the finished product to the consumer; that labor unions have iucreased the cost of the necessaries of life by the increase that they have brought about in wages; and finally, the explarnationi is offered that, supp~ily has not kept pace with demand; thot consumption has increased more rapidly than has production. It Is unusuali that a general condhitionl is to be attrIbuted to any one0 cause. That all of those intiuences are moreo or less responsible for the present conditions is probably true. That a per mnanenit correction of the tendency of the price of the necesisities of' life to increase must be based uponi a propier relationi betwteen supiply and de mnand, is at once a pparent. A dlemand inicreas ing out of proportion to the availablo supply is sufilcient In anid of itself to cause an increase In prices. Anid any correct ion of the other conditions which may have helped to bring abiout the in crease Inl the cost of living must necessarily fail unless t here is mtaintaiuned a piroper relation be tweeni cons5umpt1)ion and1( produttion. TIhe fact that In 1909 the value of our exports of food-stuffs de cr-eased, as compared withI 1908, eIghty-seven mil 11(ons ot dlollars, while the v'alue of the food-stuffs importl-ied into1 thle count ry increased thirty-seven mltions of dollars, making a charge of one hun drled1 and1 tw~enty-four millions of dollars upon the wronig side of ouir national ledger, shiows that the -onisumlipt ion of that wvhich we produce has been Ieineag mior~e t han has the product ion. Tlo hbr-tg about a correct ion of these condit ions it Is applarent at oiice that there must be an in crease in prodhuction, and the question is how is th is to be0 accomplished. Wec must either use to bet ter- adivanitage the soil that is already in cult i Tautioni, or cultivate that which is now uncultivated. The tr-uthI is, we must (10 both. Prioduction In this (country, as compared with other counties, shows that we are not uising to the best advan tage the gieat resources with wvhich nati-re has endoewed us. The average pioduiction of wvheat in the Netherlands is 34 bushels to tihe acre; in Enigland, 32; in Germany, 28; in France, 20, while In the United States it is only 14. The same dlis parity Is found in fields of corn properly cultivated comnpared with those not properly cultivated. in a recent repoit it was stated that ap proximately 40 per cent, of the soil that was cuil tivated was used in such a way as to decrease, rallher than increase, its productivity. The cor rection of thIs condition of inadequate produnct ion, dune to lack of scientific methods of cultivation, must come from the agricultural department of the United States and the agricultural colleges of the different states. From these sources the farm ers must get the scie'ntiflc information which will enale them to adlopt not only effective methods of agriculture, but effective methods for conserv ing the productivity of the soil. Time other cor rectlon muist be aiccomuplishied by inducing a larger portion of our population to engage in the cultivation of the soil. We can all agree as to the advisability of the TPack to the Soil" movement. But how to manlke it effective and successful is another and far more difficult problem. Bomne time ago George Ade, the ppoRp~qu coy tO? .....*O /...A ArTm EM OF r/M- NAA'JT r& great American humorist, said in a speech before the representatives of the Associated Press that everybody thought they conld "write a play, run a hotel or edit a niewspap~er." lie might have en larged his list by adding "become a successful farmer." To put seed in the ground and see it grow seems so easy that almost every one imag ines himself capable of doing it successfully. liut we know that farming, that is, successful farm ing, is both a scienice andl a business. One can make just as conmpleto a failure of farming as he can of pr-act icing law, running a hotel or edit ing a newspap~er. It would be worse than useless to encourage the "IBack to the Soil" movement if it is niot plannedl and executed in a way that Is likely to be successful. Th'le natural yearning to "get back to the soil" that comes to most people causes such a movement to appeal to these who are well qualified, as well as to those wvho are poorly qualifiedl successfully to (10 their part as cultivators of the soil. -To go back to the soil is to the mian of ordiniary means and under- ordli nar-y circumstances something like pioneering, and not every muan, by any means, is capable of becoming a successful lpioneer'. To undiaertamke in dhiscriminhint ely, unseient illnly and withbout proper miethiod and orgainizaition, to get peole back to the soil will r-esul I ini more of failures than sue cesses ; in more of injury than of good. Ilout this work ('an be accomplished in a way t hat. will be both ii(ffec(tive and suc(cessfuil and which will in cr-ease the lpropor'tion1 of 1)roducers as compared wi thi(011 onsumr. All that is niecessa ry for- the accomlish mient of thiiis result is that thle saime fore sight and( organtizatlion sh~ouild be adloptedl in start inig the buisinhess of farmnin g as is adopt ed in the inaugurat ion of aniy other' business ent Ierpirise. If mien of' mnus, who also have thle (disposi tion to hellp thleir fellowv men, woulId realize that t hey could miake a goodh paying investment, as well as relieve (list ress and suiffering by helping others to return to the soil in the right way, the ''back to the soil" movement woumld then give pr-omise of accomplishing all that its cnt husiasts hav-e claim ed1 for it. Such a movement mlust, of course, be under taken on a busines basis; upon a plan which will promise not onily a pirofitable return on the inv~estment, but result in giving good homesan steady emplloymient to many peolhe who needh both, It is easy enough to say to the poem' of the large cities that they should "go back to the Boil; " but for the successful accomplishment of such a result money, andl considerable money, is required. One cannot expect to make a living on a few hundredl dollars invested in a farm-n anid the nmachiinery necessary for its cultivation, any more than one can expect to make a livinig on the same amount inivestedl in any other business. So, in theo first place, it requires money or credit to buy a farm, anid money or credlit to secure neces sary implements, machinery, horses, cows, etc., to successfully conduct it. It will take fromi five to onie hundred andh sixty aci'es, accordling to the char actor of the soil and the mlethods of its cultivation, to support a family. You canuot expect lar-ge re turns from a 1)00r farm, or from a goodl farmi, poor 13' cultivated, You cannbt expe('t to receive a re turn from a farming investment out of all pro portion to the value of the investment andh the labor expended thiereon., Thie diffIculty in this proposition begins at once. Many ofte who.. P/Z T el/)R[ WOR OV M/IJJOI//R/ ekRY4A'XS AT MS77/RE we all agree should be brought back to the soil have neither the money nor the credit necessary to accomplish it. It is as to the method by which this difliculty can be overcome and this deficiency supplied that this article is written. There have been successfully established in Missouri and other states in recent years a num ber of farm home colonies, which seem to offer the best method for bringing people back to the soil in a way which is likely to make the experiment a successful one. The general plan of these farm home coloniesis for some individual or associa tion to divide a tract of land available for farming and fruit raising into a number of small farms. which are sold on easy terms or rented to per sons who desire to go back to the soil, with a cen tral or home farm conducted in a way and with the appliances necessary not only to encourage and to instriuct, but also to assist those liIvng upon the other farms; the idea being that the cen tral farm, under the control of an experienced farmer, will be a source of example, and with the establishment at some central place of a church, schoolhouse, blacksmith shop, creamery, silos, milk separators and other modern conveniences and necessities of the farm, he chances of suc ces swill be increased and the chances of failure corre.spondingly lessened. The isolation and lonesome ness Incident to individual effort in getting back to the soil is thus, of course, avoid ed, with a consequent im provement of conditions of social life. Under the ausp'ues of the Catholic church, and par ticularly under the direc tion of Archbishop John J. Glennon of the St. Louis diocese, there have been es tablished in Missouri a num ber of such farm home set tlements which have proven both interesting and benefi cial. One was established some years ago at Knob view as an Italian colony, wvhich has enjoyed a most successful career. There ha~s resultedl a marked benefit to the settlers, as well as to the people of the surirounding country who have been taught many things in the use of the soil b~y these foreign farmners that they had not knowvn before. One of the farm colonies that promises the most successful results is a Swiss colony recently esstJ lished in Hiowell county, Missouri. Another settlement of similar character- has been established by Col. J. L. Tor-rey, who was the organ izer of one of the "Rough Rider Regiments" in the war with Spain, and whose r-eglment through the unfortunate accident of a railroad wreck was perhaps deprived of the opportunity for actual serv ice. Col. Torrey purchased a tract of 10,000 acres upon the southern slope of ihe Ozarks, which he is selling to deser-ving peolhe upon termis which practically place it within the r-each of all whlo are looking for- an opportunity to engage in farm life who have not tile means available to do so. That Col. Torrey is inter-estedl in dIeveloping good citizens, as we-ll as good farmers, is manifest from the fact that he insists that every one of his ten ants, or- those to whom he sells a fai-m, shall own an American flag which they shall, on proper occa sion, display fr-om their homes. These farm home colonies are all established or. the same general plan. A tract of land is dlividled upj intlO different farnms with a central farm and village. The land is sold1 or rentedl on such ter-ms as puts the opplort unity to b~ecome a farnmer within t he reach of any deserving man. The prnofits or retulrns to be realized from such an investment will, of course, vary accornding to the size of the farm purlchas~ed and the character of the soil. Ilorace Greeley said that a man could make a living for hims-elf and his family uipon fivo acre's of landl. This is true of some landl andl not true of other land. Hut it is tr-ue that with a' small acrecage prloperly cultivated, with cows, hogs and chickens wecll managed, a good living can be made on a comparatively small investment if the enterprise is condluctedl with industry and intelligence. It is, however, always danger-ous to "count your chickens before they are hatched." The results in farm lng enter-prises, as in other enterprises, will usually fail short of expectation. Bad luck, accidents and other misfortunes will, of course, confront the farm er, Hut if he has "the right stuff in him," the land will yieldi him a liberal returna if he wvill use good juidgment, work hard and stick to it. H~e can then be independent of the beet trusts and other trusts; enjoy luxuries that the city man of means cannot secure, andi viewv with complacency an icease in the cost of lving when ho realizes that he is a piroducer' as well as a consumer. When President Roosevelt's Country Life coin mission, after an extended investigation of condi tions of country life thr-oughout the country, made its repClort to the effect that Impr-oveinent in th'e social life of the farmer- was one of our most im portant problems, many regarded this statement as a mere academic or theor-etical uitteraince. Tiut any one really familiar with the conditions of coun try life knows full wvell that the limited social life of the c-ountr-y is one of the greatest disadvantages that ninw exists in connection with the cultivation of the soil. To provide a proper- social life is an essential if the "hack to the Soil" movement is to be msdn gnnnen-lly annanoauni POPuAtlN CENTER Indiana Professor Locates Exact Spot In Deep Gully. Country's Hub Has Moved 31 Miles Northwest During Decade--Monu ment to Typify Westward and Northward Trend. Bloomington, Ind.-The center of Population of the United States as figured out by the bureau of census at Washington, is one of the wildest spots in Indiana. The center is about four and one-half miles south of Un lonville and seven miles east of Bloomington. According to the census of 1900 the center was six -miles southeast of Co lumbus, Ind., and thus, during the last. 10 years it has moved seven-tenths of a mile north and approximately 31 miles westward, more than twice the distance westward over the move ment of the preceding decade. The westward movement of our population center during the past 120 years is shown ns follows: Census. Yrs. Nearest Towns. Miles. 1790 23 nil. e. of Baltimore, Md......... 1800 18 mi. w. of Baltimore, Md........41 1810 40 mi. n. by w. of Washington D . C ................................... 36 1820 16 nil. n. of Woodstock. Va.......... 50 1830 19 mi. w. s. w. of Moorefleld (now) W . Va.........................,......... , 1F40 16 nil. a. of Clarksburg (now) W . V a................ .................. 50 1850 23 mi. s. e. of Parkersburg, W. Va. 65 1860 20 mil. a. of Chillcothe. 0............ 81 1870 41 mi. e. by n. of CincinnatI 0..... 42 1SSO 3 mi. w. by a. of Cincinnati. 0.... 58 1890 20 mi e. of Columbus, Ind............ 48 1900 6 mi. s. e. of Columbus, Ind........ 14 1910 7 nil. e. of Bloomington, Ind........ 31 The accelleration of the western movement is attributed to the growth of the Pacific and Southwestern states. Strange as it may seem, the center of such a large and important popu lation comes very near being in Brown ounty, noted in Indiana as being the state's wildest and most backward in civilization and development. The cen ter is just over the Brown county line, in one of the most inaccessible parts of Monroe county. Trees and underbrush are so thick that. the sun seldom shines on the center and then only a part of the day, for the "cen PORT WAYNt INDIANAPOL15 TERRA 0 HAUTiL UNIONVILL COLUMBUS 191 %1900 Present Population Center. cer" is in a deep ravine, the banks of which are difficult to climb. As soomi as tile announ~cemenlt was made at Washington, Prof. William A. Cogshall, pr1ofessor of astronomy in Indiana university, located in tils city, began tile work of establishing the center according to tihe figures given, in order that a monument may mark the spot, as has heretofor-e been done in Indiana, whlich state has been honored with the distinction of lhav ing tihe center of ipopulation within its confines since the bensus of 1890. Praof. Cogshmall had a difficult trip on his pr-eliminary survey and de scribed it as follows: "With tile data furnished I drove east of Bloomington six anid one-half miles, nearly to tile Browni county line. I found the neighlborhoodi of tihe center' to be in an unbroken second gr-owthl forest, thick wvithi brusih for about two mliles. The road up there is perhaps the wvorst in tile state of Indliana. The center itself lies off aboult a hlalf a amile fronm tile road ill a dleep gully. It is cover'ed wvithI second1 growvth tim bco- fromal twelve to fifteen feet hligh. The growithm is so thlick that it is al most8 impossIble for a man to mlake his way through it. Before tile cen ter is dlefinitely andu finally fixed, it will be necessary to make a night trip) to tile place so that oibservations may he taken froma the stars." 'Inle rav'ine in wvhichm tile center is located is typ~ical of Monroe county and Brown county ravines anld anyone whoe has hulnted in a gully in tis part of the state knowvs the difficulties to be overcome. Young trees are so close together that sometimes the hunter can hlardly squeeze through, Tile ravine containing the center is noted for game. Rabbits, squirrels and pheasants abound and at the same time rattlesnakes and spreading vipers are not scarce. In the spring the ra vines in this part of the county are aglow with the bloom of the red bud and the dogwood and birds sing and multiply ulndisturbed. Canned Hymns at Funeral. Carver, Mass.-Singing by phone. graph at a funeral is tile latest here. At the funeral of Rialphl U. Gr-affam a record conltaininlg one of tile old-fashl loned church hymns was started on the machine. After' prayers othlers were given, the r'ecord reproducing oth~er favorite hlymns sunlg at services over the dead. it wvas favorably com. mented on as a practical substitute for the Sttl quantttt wii D OCTORS know that Oxidine. is a most dependablg sys tem--cleansing tonic. Most useful in stirring up lazy livers, sluggish bowels and kidneys, weak stomachs. Its ef. fects are quick, safe, sure and permanent. OXIDINE -a bottle proves. The specific for Malaria, Chills and Fever and all diseases due to disorders of liver, stomach bowels and iddneys. 50c. At Your Druggist. '3N3 sm31(MUS D3Ao CO., Waoo, Texas. Merciless. "Does this hobble skirt do me jus tice, Father?" "Certainly, my dear. Justice with out mercy."-Lifo. Crafty. "What does the veterinary surgeon next door advise for your pet lap dog's sickness?" "He forbids my playing the piano." -Fliegende Blaetter. Important to Mothers Examine carefully every bottle ot CASTORIA, a safe and sure remedy for Infants and children, and see that it Bears the Signature of In Use For Over 30 Years. Children Cry for Fletcher's Castoria The Fly. "Where one earth do these flies come from?" is a frequent and de spairing question. They may come down the chimneys, if the fireplaces have tipping dampers. These should be tightly closed In fly time. An appreciable falling off In their number will be the result. If the chimneys have not the tip ping damper, a screen such as is used for a window can be fitted Agt' the fireplace; or, easier sti. a bundl *.:i. paper may be'sfuied Ithe chim ey.. Either method is successful, and o 0 trouble is too great to get rid of th6se nnmmer pests. HIS CRIME. / 17W Evelina-- ULA orry, but I cannot marry a man of your character. Edgar--What have I ever done? Evelina--I have just learned that you are a director in a life insurance company. AT THE PARSONAGE. Coffee Runs Riot No Longer. "Wife and I had a serious time of it while we wore coffee drinkers. "She had gastritis, headaches, belch ing and would have periods of sick ness, while I secured a daily headache that became chronic. "We naturally sought relict by drugs without avail, for It Is now plain enough that no drug will cure the dis eases another drug (coffee) sets up, particularly, so long as the drug which causes the trouble is continued. "Finally we thought we would try leaving off coffee and using Postum. I noticed that my headaches disappeared like magic, and my old 'trembly' nerv ousness left. One day wife said, 'Do you know my gastritis has gone?' "One can hardly realize what Post umn has done for us. "Then we began to talk to others. Wife's father and mother were both coffee drinkers and sufferers. Their headaches left entirely a short time after they changed from coffee to Postum. "I began to enquire among my par ishioners and found' to my astonish ment that numbers of them use Post um in place of coffee. Many of the ministers who have visited our par sonage have blecome enthusiastic cham pions of Postum." Name given by Postum Co., hattle Creek, Mich. Read the little book, "The Road to Wellville," in pkgs. "There's a reason." Ever rend the above letter? A new one appears fromn time to time. They are aenIne, true, and full of humian