The Pickens sentinel-journal. (Pickens, S.C.) 1909-1911, September 07, 1911, Image 6
FPAP
. R aMY ,ow'A JO/Y /Y/. Cr
T is difficult ior those who are
concerned more with enjoying the
luxuries and pleasures of life than
they are in securing its necessities
to understand the feelings of those
to whom hunger is not an unusual
experience. And, yet, we are told
that one-tenth of the American peo
pie do not get enough to eat; that
four-fifths of our wage earners do
not earn in excess of $500 a year.
Living on such an Income is like
* wise more or less incomprehensiblo
to those to whom the expenditure
of such a year's earnings in a brief outing in the
mountains,, the northern woods or at the seashore
is not an unusual experience.
The -problem of achievement of ambition and of
sucess tnat confront the business or the profes
.onal man is radically differeit from that prob.
c~4Tli594qv 1/ QRA/A'*
Jom of existence that
daily demands a solu
tion from 75,000,000 of
people in the United
States alone. This prob
leni is, of course, most
acute in those centers
of population and Indus
try where great wealth
and great poverty exist
side by side in striking
contrast. While poverty
and Misfortune are not
unknown in Ihe coun.
try districts, they exist
thero geieraily as a Io. AO JAN7 C -o 0
suit of ae(ident, miisfor. AMA- M
tune or disease, an11d
not from the lack of opportinlitles or the (iscrlim
ination and injustice apparently incident to our
present indultstrnial system. Wh1ile the problem of
the poor has always been, and doubtless will al
ways be, with us, that is no reason why we should
accept with complacency Col(itions whic-h0, if
not Capable (Of being completely reformed, are,
at least, capable of considerable correction.
The increase in the cost of living inl recent
years has given a new interest to attempted ex
planations of existing conditions, and v'arious the
ories are offered. We are told that the increase
It, Oh aiount of gold production, or rather the
de p C7 in the cost of gold pro(luction, has low
ered its tit'reuld, therefore, enlarged our nmeas
ure of value, witt'. c onsequnent in fenso in the
cost of necessities A well as the iaxuries of life
without a correspon ?iing increage in wages and~
salaries; that combinations atid trusts have in
creased the price of their prnoducts by ar-bit rarily
fixing t he price of the raw matecrial to the pro0
ducer andl the price of the finished product to the
consumer; that labor unions have iucreased the
cost of the necessaries of life by the increase
that they have brought about in wages; and
finally, the explarnationi is offered that, supp~ily has
not kept pace with demand; thot consumption has
increased more rapidly than has production.
It Is unusuali that a general condhitionl is to be
attrIbuted to any one0 cause. That all of those
intiuences are moreo or less responsible for the
present conditions is probably true. That a per
mnanenit correction of the tendency of the price of
the necesisities of' life to increase must be based
uponi a propier relationi betwteen supiply and de
mnand, is at once a pparent. A dlemand inicreas
ing out of proportion to the availablo supply is
sufilcient In anid of itself to cause an increase In
prices. Anid any correct ion of the other conditions
which may have helped to bring abiout the in
crease Inl the cost of living must necessarily fail
unless t here is mtaintaiuned a piroper relation be
tweeni cons5umpt1)ion and1( produttion. TIhe fact that
In 1909 the value of our exports of food-stuffs de
cr-eased, as compared withI 1908, eIghty-seven mil
11(ons ot dlollars, while the v'alue of the food-stuffs
importl-ied into1 thle count ry increased thirty-seven
mltions of dollars, making a charge of one hun
drled1 and1 tw~enty-four millions of dollars upon the
wronig side of ouir national ledger, shiows that the
-onisumlipt ion of that wvhich we produce has been
Ieineag mior~e t han has the product ion.
Tlo hbr-tg about a correct ion of these condit ions
it Is applarent at oiice that there must be an in
crease in prodhuction, and the question is how is
th is to be0 accomplished. Wec must either use to
bet ter- adivanitage the soil that is already in cult i
Tautioni, or cultivate that which is now uncultivated.
The tr-uthI is, we must (10 both. Prioduction In
this (country, as compared with other counties,
shows that we are not uising to the best advan
tage the gieat resources with wvhich nati-re has
endoewed us. The average pioduiction of wvheat
in the Netherlands is 34 bushels to tihe acre; in
Enigland, 32; in Germany, 28; in France, 20, while
In the United States it is only 14. The same dlis
parity Is found in fields of corn properly cultivated
comnpared with those not properly cultivated.
in a recent repoit it was stated that ap
proximately 40 per cent, of the soil that was cuil
tivated was used in such a way as to decrease,
rallher than increase, its productivity. The cor
rection of thIs condition of inadequate produnct ion,
dune to lack of scientific methods of cultivation,
must come from the agricultural department of
the United States and the agricultural colleges of
the different states. From these sources the farm
ers must get the scie'ntiflc information which will
enale them to adlopt not only effective methods
of agriculture, but effective methods for conserv
ing the productivity of the soil. Time other cor
rectlon muist be aiccomuplishied by inducing a
larger portion of our population to engage in the
cultivation of the soil.
We can all agree as to the advisability of the
TPack to the Soil" movement. But how to manlke
it effective and successful is another and far more
difficult problem. Bomne time ago George Ade, the
ppoRp~qu
coy
tO?
.....*O /...A
ArTm EM OF r/M- NAA'JT r&
great American humorist, said in a speech before
the representatives of the Associated Press that
everybody thought they conld "write a play, run
a hotel or edit a niewspap~er." lie might have en
larged his list by adding "become a successful
farmer." To put seed in the ground and see it
grow seems so easy that almost every one imag
ines himself capable of doing it successfully. liut
we know that farming, that is, successful farm
ing, is both a scienice andl a business. One can
make just as conmpleto a failure of farming as he
can of pr-act icing law, running a hotel or edit
ing a newspap~er. It would be worse than useless
to encourage the "IBack to the Soil" movement if
it is niot plannedl and executed in a way that Is
likely to be successful. Th'le natural yearning to
"get back to the soil" that comes to most people
causes such a movement to appeal to these who
are well qualified, as well as to those wvho are
poorly qualifiedl successfully to (10 their part as
cultivators of the soil. -To go back to the soil
is to the mian of ordiniary means and under- ordli
nar-y circumstances something like pioneering,
and not every muan, by any means, is capable of
becoming a successful lpioneer'. To undiaertamke in
dhiscriminhint ely, unseient illnly and withbout proper
miethiod and orgainizaition, to get peole back to
the soil will r-esul I ini more of failures than sue
cesses ; in more of injury than of good. Ilout this
work ('an be accomplished in a way t hat. will be
both ii(ffec(tive and suc(cessfuil and which will in
cr-ease the lpropor'tion1 of 1)roducers as compared
wi thi(011 onsumr. All that is niecessa ry for- the
accomlish mient of thiiis result is that thle saime fore
sight and( organtizatlion sh~ouild be adloptedl in start
inig the buisinhess of farmnin g as is adopt ed in the
inaugurat ion of aniy other' business ent Ierpirise. If
mien of' mnus, who also have thle (disposi tion to
hellp thleir fellowv men, woulId realize that t hey
could miake a goodh paying investment, as well as
relieve (list ress and suiffering by helping others
to return to the soil in the right way, the ''back to
the soil" movement woumld then give pr-omise of
accomplishing all that its cnt husiasts hav-e claim
ed1 for it. Such a movement mlust, of course, be
under taken on a busines basis; upon a plan which
will promise not onily a pirofitable return on the
inv~estment, but result in giving good homesan
steady emplloymient to many peolhe who needh both,
It is easy enough to say to the poem' of the large
cities that they should "go back to the
Boil; " but for the successful accomplishment of
such a result money, andl considerable money, is
required. One cannot expect to make a living on
a few hundredl dollars invested in a farm-n anid the
nmachiinery necessary for its cultivation, any more
than one can expect to make a livinig on the same
amount inivestedl in any other business. So, in
theo first place, it requires money or credit to
buy a farm, anid money or credlit to secure neces
sary implements, machinery, horses, cows, etc., to
successfully conduct it. It will take fromi five to
onie hundred andh sixty aci'es, accordling to the char
actor of the soil and the mlethods of its cultivation,
to support a family. You canuot expect lar-ge re
turns from a 1)00r farm, or from a goodl farmi, poor
13' cultivated, You cannbt expe('t to receive a re
turn from a farming investment out of all pro
portion to the value of the investment andh the
labor expended thiereon., Thie diffIculty in this
proposition begins at once. Many ofte who..
P/Z T el/)R[
WOR OV M/IJJOI//R/
ekRY4A'XS AT MS77/RE
we all agree should be brought back to the soil
have neither the money nor the credit necessary
to accomplish it. It is as to the method by which
this difliculty can be overcome and this deficiency
supplied that this article is written.
There have been successfully established in
Missouri and other states in recent years a num
ber of farm home colonies, which seem to offer the
best method for bringing people back to the soil
in a way which is likely to make the experiment a
successful one. The general plan of these farm
home coloniesis for some individual or associa
tion to divide a tract of land available for farming
and fruit raising into a number of small farms.
which are sold on easy terms or rented to per
sons who desire to go back to the soil, with a cen
tral or home farm conducted in a way and with
the appliances necessary not only to encourage
and to instriuct, but also to assist those liIvng
upon the other farms; the idea being that the cen
tral farm, under the control of an experienced
farmer, will be a source of example, and with the
establishment at some central place of a church,
schoolhouse, blacksmith shop, creamery, silos,
milk separators and other modern conveniences
and necessities of the farm, he chances of suc
ces swill be increased and the chances of failure
corre.spondingly lessened.
The isolation and lonesome
ness Incident to individual
effort in getting back to the
soil is thus, of course, avoid
ed, with a consequent im
provement of conditions of
social life.
Under the ausp'ues of the
Catholic church, and par
ticularly under the direc
tion of Archbishop John J.
Glennon of the St. Louis
diocese, there have been es
tablished in Missouri a num
ber of such farm home set
tlements which have proven
both interesting and benefi
cial. One was established
some years ago at Knob
view as an Italian colony,
wvhich has enjoyed a most
successful career. There ha~s
resultedl a marked benefit to the settlers, as well
as to the people of the surirounding country who
have been taught many things in the use of the
soil b~y these foreign farmners that they had not
knowvn before.
One of the farm colonies that promises the most
successful results is a Swiss colony recently esstJ
lished in Hiowell county, Missouri.
Another settlement of similar character- has been
established by Col. J. L. Tor-rey, who was the organ
izer of one of the "Rough Rider Regiments" in
the war with Spain, and whose r-eglment through
the unfortunate accident of a railroad wreck was
perhaps deprived of the opportunity for actual serv
ice. Col. Torrey purchased a tract of 10,000
acres upon the southern slope of ihe Ozarks, which
he is selling to deser-ving peolhe upon termis which
practically place it within the r-each of all whlo are
looking for- an opportunity to engage in farm life
who have not tile means available to do so. That
Col. Torrey is inter-estedl in dIeveloping good
citizens, as we-ll as good farmers, is manifest from
the fact that he insists that every one of his ten
ants, or- those to whom he sells a fai-m, shall own
an American flag which they shall, on proper occa
sion, display fr-om their homes.
These farm home colonies are all established or.
the same general plan. A tract of land is dlividled
upj intlO different farnms with a central farm and
village. The land is sold1 or rentedl on such ter-ms
as puts the opplort unity to b~ecome a farnmer within
t he reach of any deserving man. The prnofits or
retulrns to be realized from such an investment will,
of course, vary accornding to the size of the farm
purlchas~ed and the character of the soil. Ilorace
Greeley said that a man could make a living for
hims-elf and his family uipon fivo acre's of landl.
This is true of some landl andl not true of other
land. Hut it is tr-ue that with a' small acrecage
prloperly cultivated, with cows, hogs and chickens
wecll managed, a good living can be made on a
comparatively small investment if the enterprise
is condluctedl with industry and intelligence. It is,
however, always danger-ous to "count your chickens
before they are hatched." The results in farm
lng enter-prises, as in other enterprises, will usually
fail short of expectation. Bad luck, accidents and
other misfortunes will, of course, confront the farm
er, Hut if he has "the right stuff in him," the land
will yieldi him a liberal returna if he wvill use good
juidgment, work hard and stick to it. H~e can then
be independent of the beet trusts and other trusts;
enjoy luxuries that the city man of means cannot
secure, andi viewv with complacency an icease in
the cost of lving when ho realizes that he is a
piroducer' as well as a consumer.
When President Roosevelt's Country Life coin
mission, after an extended investigation of condi
tions of country life thr-oughout the country, made
its repClort to the effect that Impr-oveinent in th'e
social life of the farmer- was one of our most im
portant problems, many regarded this statement as
a mere academic or theor-etical uitteraince. Tiut
any one really familiar with the conditions of coun
try life knows full wvell that the limited social life
of the c-ountr-y is one of the greatest disadvantages
that ninw exists in connection with the cultivation
of the soil. To provide a proper- social life is an
essential if the "hack to the Soil" movement is to
be msdn gnnnen-lly annanoauni
POPuAtlN CENTER
Indiana Professor Locates Exact
Spot In Deep Gully.
Country's Hub Has Moved 31 Miles
Northwest During Decade--Monu
ment to Typify Westward and
Northward Trend.
Bloomington, Ind.-The center of
Population of the United States as
figured out by the bureau of census at
Washington, is one of the wildest
spots in Indiana. The center is about
four and one-half miles south of Un
lonville and seven miles east of
Bloomington.
According to the census of 1900 the
center was six -miles southeast of Co
lumbus, Ind., and thus, during the last.
10 years it has moved seven-tenths
of a mile north and approximately
31 miles westward, more than twice
the distance westward over the move
ment of the preceding decade.
The westward movement of our
population center during the past 120
years is shown ns follows:
Census.
Yrs. Nearest Towns. Miles.
1790 23 nil. e. of Baltimore, Md.........
1800 18 mi. w. of Baltimore, Md........41
1810 40 mi. n. by w. of Washington
D . C ................................... 36
1820 16 nil. n. of Woodstock. Va.......... 50
1830 19 mi. w. s. w. of Moorefleld (now)
W . Va.........................,......... ,
1F40 16 nil. a. of Clarksburg (now)
W . V a................ .................. 50
1850 23 mi. s. e. of Parkersburg, W. Va. 65
1860 20 mil. a. of Chillcothe. 0............ 81
1870 41 mi. e. by n. of CincinnatI 0..... 42
1SSO 3 mi. w. by a. of Cincinnati. 0.... 58
1890 20 mi e. of Columbus, Ind............ 48
1900 6 mi. s. e. of Columbus, Ind........ 14
1910 7 nil. e. of Bloomington, Ind........ 31
The accelleration of the western
movement is attributed to the growth
of the Pacific and Southwestern
states.
Strange as it may seem, the center
of such a large and important popu
lation comes very near being in Brown
ounty, noted in Indiana as being the
state's wildest and most backward in
civilization and development. The cen
ter is just over the Brown county
line, in one of the most inaccessible
parts of Monroe county. Trees and
underbrush are so thick that. the sun
seldom shines on the center and then
only a part of the day, for the "cen
PORT
WAYNt
INDIANAPOL15
TERRA 0
HAUTiL
UNIONVILL COLUMBUS
191 %1900
Present Population Center.
cer" is in a deep ravine, the banks
of which are difficult to climb.
As soomi as tile announ~cemenlt was
made at Washington, Prof. William
A. Cogshall, pr1ofessor of astronomy
in Indiana university, located in tils
city, began tile work of establishing
the center according to tihe figures
given, in order that a monument may
mark the spot, as has heretofor-e been
done in Indiana, whlich state has been
honored with the distinction of lhav
ing tihe center of ipopulation within
its confines since the bensus of 1890.
Praof. Cogshmall had a difficult trip
on his pr-eliminary survey and de
scribed it as follows: "With tile data
furnished I drove east of Bloomington
six anid one-half miles, nearly to tile
Browni county line. I found the
neighlborhoodi of tihe center' to be in
an unbroken second gr-owthl forest,
thick wvithi brusih for about two mliles.
The road up there is perhaps the
wvorst in tile state of Indliana. The
center itself lies off aboult a hlalf a
amile fronm tile road ill a dleep gully.
It is cover'ed wvithI second1 growvth tim
bco- fromal twelve to fifteen feet hligh.
The growithm is so thlick that it is al
most8 impossIble for a man to mlake
his way through it. Before tile cen
ter is dlefinitely andu finally fixed, it
will be necessary to make a night
trip) to tile place so that oibservations
may he taken froma the stars."
'Inle rav'ine in wvhichm tile center is
located is typ~ical of Monroe county
and Brown county ravines anld anyone
whoe has hulnted in a gully in tis part
of the state knowvs the difficulties to
be overcome. Young trees are so close
together that sometimes the hunter
can hlardly squeeze through,
Tile ravine containing the center is
noted for game. Rabbits, squirrels
and pheasants abound and at the same
time rattlesnakes and spreading vipers
are not scarce. In the spring the ra
vines in this part of the county are
aglow with the bloom of the red bud
and the dogwood and birds sing and
multiply ulndisturbed.
Canned Hymns at Funeral.
Carver, Mass.-Singing by phone.
graph at a funeral is tile latest here.
At the funeral of Rialphl U. Gr-affam a
record conltaininlg one of tile old-fashl
loned church hymns was started on
the machine. After' prayers othlers
were given, the r'ecord reproducing
oth~er favorite hlymns sunlg at services
over the dead. it wvas favorably com.
mented on as a practical substitute
for the Sttl quantttt
wii
D OCTORS know
that Oxidine. is a
most dependablg sys
tem--cleansing tonic.
Most useful in stirring
up lazy livers, sluggish
bowels and kidneys,
weak stomachs. Its ef.
fects are quick, safe,
sure and permanent.
OXIDINE
-a bottle proves.
The specific for Malaria, Chills
and Fever and all diseases
due to disorders of liver,
stomach bowels
and iddneys.
50c. At Your Druggist.
'3N3 sm31(MUS D3Ao CO.,
Waoo, Texas.
Merciless.
"Does this hobble skirt do me jus
tice, Father?"
"Certainly, my dear. Justice with
out mercy."-Lifo.
Crafty.
"What does the veterinary surgeon
next door advise for your pet lap
dog's sickness?"
"He forbids my playing the piano."
-Fliegende Blaetter.
Important to Mothers
Examine carefully every bottle ot
CASTORIA, a safe and sure remedy for
Infants and children, and see that it
Bears the
Signature of
In Use For Over 30 Years.
Children Cry for Fletcher's Castoria
The Fly.
"Where one earth do these flies
come from?" is a frequent and de
spairing question.
They may come down the chimneys,
if the fireplaces have tipping dampers.
These should be tightly closed In fly
time. An appreciable falling off In
their number will be the result.
If the chimneys have not the tip
ping damper, a screen such as is used
for a window can be fitted Agt' the
fireplace; or, easier sti. a bundl *.:i.
paper may be'sfuied Ithe chim ey..
Either method is successful, and o 0
trouble is too great to get rid of th6se
nnmmer pests.
HIS CRIME.
/ 17W
Evelina-- ULA orry, but I cannot
marry a man of your character.
Edgar--What have I ever done?
Evelina--I have just learned that
you are a director in a life insurance
company.
AT THE PARSONAGE.
Coffee Runs Riot No Longer.
"Wife and I had a serious time of it
while we wore coffee drinkers.
"She had gastritis, headaches, belch
ing and would have periods of sick
ness, while I secured a daily headache
that became chronic.
"We naturally sought relict by drugs
without avail, for It Is now plain
enough that no drug will cure the dis
eases another drug (coffee) sets up,
particularly, so long as the drug
which causes the trouble is continued.
"Finally we thought we would try
leaving off coffee and using Postum. I
noticed that my headaches disappeared
like magic, and my old 'trembly' nerv
ousness left. One day wife said, 'Do
you know my gastritis has gone?'
"One can hardly realize what Post
umn has done for us.
"Then we began to talk to others.
Wife's father and mother were both
coffee drinkers and sufferers. Their
headaches left entirely a short time
after they changed from coffee to
Postum.
"I began to enquire among my par
ishioners and found' to my astonish
ment that numbers of them use Post
um in place of coffee. Many of the
ministers who have visited our par
sonage have blecome enthusiastic cham
pions of Postum." Name given by
Postum Co., hattle Creek, Mich.
Read the little book, "The Road to
Wellville," in pkgs. "There's a reason."
Ever rend the above letter? A new
one appears fromn time to time. They
are aenIne, true, and full of humian