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BBjBS FIGURES FOR FARMER&7 Jj COL. L. W. YOUMANS ON OUR FINANCIAL HISTORY. P Evidence OjTcre<l to rrovc Xiiai lac -uom Standard" i.s Disastrous to Producers. The Effect of tlie Demonetization of |p? To the Editor of The State?In my P second article, it was conclusively proved that the fall in the price of cotton in 1$87 and the twelve years succeeding was due to the collapse of the paper extension, due to the establishment. in 1820, of the joint stock j;. banks in England, and the increased issues of the State banks in the United State. The bank failures which took place in England after the panic of 1837 attracted the attention of Parlia_ rnent, and resulted in 1844, in the pask. sage of an act known as the "Peel Act." limiting the paper currency of Britain to ?30,000,000, equally divided between the Bank of England and the X;, . joint-stock and provincial banks. This act sealed any further paper expansion in Great Britain from that ?' , day to this. After the destruction of the Second Bank of the United States Pthe circulation in this country was confined to the State bank notes and gold and silver. The State banks, being required to redeem their notes in specie, were conservative in the amounts they issued. Under these circumstances, the value of money, both here and in England, maintained J?thp nanie 4-Lb rtXIUCCU. ,pi uviio M*?V* r PV __ of 1S37, until 1S49, the time of the gold discoveries. I may note that in this country the paper circulation' in 1837 was one hundred and forty-nine millions, in 1S49 it was one hundred *-... and fourteen millions, but as soon after the gold discoveries as 1S54, it had risen to two hundred and four millions. The production of gold, -which amounted to twenty-seven millions in ^ 1S49, rose immediately thereafter to considerablv over one hundred millions annually, and held these figures for ten vears, rising as high, in 1S53, ^ 1 ? a :n:? as one iiunarect ana nny-avu muiwus. Thus we see that from 1S37 to 1S49 under a shrinking- volume of money, the price of cotton underwent a heavy decline, though there was no material increase in the volume of production, whilst from 1S49 to 1S60, under the stimulus of an almost quadrupled pro;T': duction of gold, the price of cotton ? ; doubled on twice the volume of production. I will have to pass over the period from 1S61 to 1S67, because of the disturbances and irregularities occar sioned by -,he war. In 1S67, however, war prices were over, and although cotton was quoted in this country in 1S67 at 31.59 cents and in 1S72 at 20.48 a- l- - ^ cents, tnere appears to Dea utx-uuc. Such was not the case, as these quotations were in a depreciated inconvertible paper currency, which under '""""" v.. the influences of contraction was rapidly falling to specie basis. To ascertain the specie price we will hare to consult the European markets, where ?. payment'was made in gold. Here we find that, while the volume of production nearly doubled itself from 1S67 to IS72, the "price remained about the same, cotton being worth 10..9S pence in 1867 and 10.7S in 1S72. Up to this period.?1872?the mints of the civilized world with but few exceptions (and these exceptions about equally divided between the two metals) were open to the free and unlimited coinage of both I gold and silver, at a ratio ranging j about 151-2 to 1. Consequently up to this time the volume of money was open to the addition of both metals as they -were mined. Iso-vv let us bear in mind that from mm__ 1S09 to 1S49, the annual average output from the mines was forty-seven million or thereabouts, and that prices declined to less than half of their former value?that after 1849, say from 1852 to 1S72, the annual volume rose with the increase of the gold discoveries to one hundred and seventy-seven millions, and the average price of commodities on this swelling volume of money rose 34 per cent, from 1S49 to IS72. "Such was the invigorating effect of an expanding volume of the precious .metals and a rise in the price of commodities that though this country had just sustained the greatest drain of blood and treasure ever exacted by war from any nation, yet she was on a perfect wave of prosperity, every department of industry was thriving and prosperous, and all the products of labor met with profitaple sale. The outlook seemed to justify the prediction of Alison in 1S55, when he said that during the last half of the century the expanding volume of money and the v rise in price of all the products of la bor would proportionately encourage enterprise, unify industry and lessen the burden of debts and "taxes; but in 1S73, the tide of prosperity began to ebb, the purchasing power of money to increase and the price of commodities to decline. \Vhat was it that reversed the wheels of progress? Samuel B. Ruggles, an active member of the chamber of commerce, of New \ ork, mentioned by John Sherman, the Cataline of American finance, and coached by Michael Chevalier, the minion and mouthpiece of the money power of ?- - Europe, in furtherance of the most gigantic scheme of plunder ever con 1\TT W? AT* tca-HA T\I AVAin r* An>? rrvaof WlVCU kJJ ULiC-U >V VU1 ?J.\S<Atsj metallic international conference at Paris in 1867, alarmed the fundholdL , ers of Western Europe by telling them f that over heie -we were piercing our great metallic interior with railroads, and were now mining nearly one hundred millions worth of the precious . * metals, with a probability of increas!.V ing the amount to four hundred millions by 1900, and warned them that then was the time to unify on one of the metals. A resolution passed the conference to demonetize silver and the work of ruin began. So slyly and stealthily was the legislation passed in this country that neither Blaine nor Conkling knew of it. Not even the President, who signed the bill. The demonetization of silver has reduced the annual volume of the metals over one hundred millions, refuted the V prediction of Alison, and, as was W said by I. B. Howe, American delegate to the" international monetary conferW ence of 1S7S, "will consign the nineteenth century to a pauper s grave and ' lay the heavy hand of paralysis on the cradle of the twentieth." _ This heavy reduction in the annual addition to the volume of money has occasioned a dislocation m prices which has enriched the creditor and income classes and worried the creditors and producers. In the language of Sir James Graham. "It has given the victory to unproductive wealth over productive industry, to the drones over the be'2S. "With silver demonetized, the volume of money practically sealed in England by the act of 1S44, and in this country* to the repeal of the purchasing clause of the Sherman act, thero is no chance for expansion, except from the output of gold, which the best authorities inform us is insufficient to meet the demand of the arts, and to replace loss by accident and abrasion. The hardships of thd situation are aggravated by every increase of population, every new avenue of industry and every expansion of business. The inevitable result of our situation is correctly outlined by Prof. Sumner, i j liis "Ameri- ; -f y / can Currency." page 22.1 and 22'. where he says: "If v.e suppose the rcquirment of currency to increase from the growth of weakh and population faster thau!in dec reuses from improved ir-niion and banking facilities. then a certain growing- may be admitted. but as it goes on. it exerts a slow, gradual and pitiless contraction on prices, broken only in spring and fall by a succession of commercial crises. * * x As a matter of speculation. I am inclined to believe, that the actual course of things would be that after every crisis, wages would fall, industry would be checked and the country would be slowly and gradually arrested in its entire.industrial life." The millionaire habitues of a four million dollar club house, skilled in the vernacular of deception, are the oracles, who have dictated our financial legislation. Sav these interest taki t;lrt ers ana coupon 1J4; ;>, u?m-u > small ers capitalists of every litlte tradecentre, and the hireling editor and correspondent of every subsidized newspaper: The low prices and hard times are not caused by any scarcity of money, but due to overproduction, resulting from labor-saving machinery and improved method expansion, would be dishonest: individual and natural integrity requires that wo preserve the "honest," ' sound," "full value gold dollar." As was said by Adam Smith-" "Not fools they who say these things, but fools those who believe them.*' So investigate the truth of their operations, we will only have to retrace the events of a centurv. - * -? "? V . 1 w, From 1SU'.' to ltvJtj, goiu ciecnneu -in per cent, in value, aii'l commodities advanced proportionately. Who would be so silly as to suppose that this rise in the value of commodities, was caused by the destruction of laborsaving machinery, or a retrogression in methods of production? Who so blind as not to see that it was occasioned by heavy augmentations of the money value from the mines of both the old and the new world, principally, however, from the latter. See Jacobs, "On the Precious Metals," volume II., chapter XXII. From 1809 to 3S49 gold rose 145 per cent., and commodities experienced a corresponding decline. This reverse in prices occasioned by a dearth of the precious metals, resulting from the abandonment of the mines in Mexico and the Spanish South American colonies was attributed to overproduction. The creditor and income classes complacently swept in the chips on this rise of 145 per cent. They saw nothing unfair or dishonest so long as the debtors and producers suffered, and their holdings as Mr. Jerons tells us were rendered two andja half times as valuable; but after 1849; when the heavy accessions from the gold mines of California and Australia began to raise the price of commodities, and to depreciate tne value of their holdings, thev discarded their theories of over production, labor-saving machinery, etc., and began to agitate for the demonetization of one or the other of the metals. Unable to arrest the increasing supply at the mines, they had recourse to * cutting it off at the mints. Did they first wage war on the now condemned and dishonest white metal ? Oh no, it was not the factor, which on the backward swing of the pendulum was undoing some of the previous robbery of debtors and producers. Gold was then the sinner. It was the yellow metal that was dishonest. Gold being produced in quantities more than three times as great as silver, was more than three times as responsible for the depreciation of their money and money obligations. * Chevalier, the minion and mouthpiece of the money power of Europe. 1 1 UA A.y.l -I a- .1 m ms worx "un wua, pages 1^0 a.uu 122, says: "All those persons whose incomes expressse>.l in monetary units remain the same "would be injured, to the extent of half their incomes * * * the. creditor of the State, who is entitled to to one hundrea francs a year, for example, has an inalienable imprescriptible and absolute right to receive a hundred times five gramms of silver of the standard oi 9-10 fineness. He would be despoiled of his property if he was paid with a quantity of gold less than this equivalent, in the same way as if his claim were discharged with only SO or 75 discs of silver." This class for whom ?hevalicr was then leading spokesman calling the gold dollar, anSOc-dollar, a 75c-dollar, just as the advocates of the gold standard are now calling the silver dollar a 75c-dollar, or 4Sc-lollar. Chevalier then continuing demands tlie redemption of the gold coin in silver just as the creditor and income classes are now demanding the redemption of the silver coin in gold, and says, ''In this ca.se exactitude assumes another name?honesty." Honesty in their ^opinion is always on the side of tfce money power. The dearest money, whether it be silver or gold, is always the honest money. These sentimentally, fastidiously, honest folk, who pretend to think that the acme of individual and national integrity consists in so juggling the finance as to change mortgages into title deeds and to transfer the just reward of honest industfy and enterprise from its rightful owners, the wealth producers of the country, to the pockets of the idle holders of money obligations,^ with most wonderful consistency first blow hot and then blow cold. First for honest silver and against diloyal gold, then for honest gold against dishonest silver. With a supple disregard for truth and justice they smtt Irom side to side as their interest dictates, always and ever appealing to the scared names of faith and honor. All economists agree that general prosperity is best promoted by a slightly perceptible increase in the price of commodities, occasioned by a gradually explanding volume of money, and a shrinkage in its volume and consequent increase in its purchasing power is more injurious than war, pestilence or famine. In adopting the gold standard, the cotton and wheat belts have been deliberated sacrificed to the money interests of the Northeast. To vastly enrich a few, the "Teat staple industries of our country have been strangled, our people denied profitable employment and gloom and despondency have been made to cast their shadows over the land. Our government is pursuing a policy in this respect decried and condemed by every economic writer for over twenty-seven centuries, from the time when the herdsman ofTekvah. in the capacity of the prophet^ Amos, denounced among the corruptions of Jeroboah, the swallowing up of the poor by I.; "! 1 UiUA.liJ<? CUV iillU UAV U small. The general dpression, especially in the cotton and wheat belts, is clue to a vicious system of financial and commercial legislation. which for over a score of years has collected and concentrated the capital and welth of the country in the Northeast. This evil cannot be reminded, and I cannot see how it is to be even permanently palliated. either by a curtailment of production-or the formation of a trust. Mr. Hume, has told us that the only noble and permeneut perfection of the people is to be found in the securitv - T l 1 T oi wise ana oenuiiciai laws. juc^xsiution called this evil into existence and legislation only can cure it. The interest of the cotton and wheat belts demand, first the rehabilitation of silver, a measure eminently necessary to put them on an equal footing- with silver standard countries to complete j \ for the markets of Western Europe. The demonetization, of silver acts as ;i bounty on the exports of silver standard countries and gives to silver stand ard counties an advantage over us to ovtant rw? itc rlnnvwiatiftii V?P1* COIl tru, it acts like a tariff on the imports to silver standard countries, thus cutting' the interest of the cotton belt with a two-edged sword. The interest of these two sections demands a system of note issues with the item of excLa.^ge against them to prevent their congesting at the great trade centres of the Northeast, and by keeping them at home, furnish a local currency to be loaned at reasonable rates of interest. Third, a gradual reduction of the tariff to that point which will create the liveliness competition between home and foreign manufacturers. These three measures judiciously incorporated into acts would give immediately and}>ermanent relief to the cotton belt?they call for no favors, merely simple justice. 1j. W. 10U3LVXS. Fairfax, S. C.. Nov. 20,1804. How It Stands. The Republican Congressional Committee at Washington lias published a corrected list of members elected to Congress at the late election, which shows that two hundred and forty-five Republicans, one hundred and five Demoerts and sixty Populists "will receive certificates. Of the Republican representatives elect, 06 are members of the present congress, 27 will succeed Republicans, 116 will succeed Democrats and 6 will succeed Populists. Of the Democrats returned, 75 are members of this congress, 20 will succeed Democrats and 1 will succeed a Republican. The Populists gain 1 in Alabama and 2 in North Carolina. Tho on! v Republican candidate who was defeated for re-election was Murray, the negro member from South Carolina, and he will contest the seat of Elliot, the Democrat, on the grounds of fraud. The chairmen of only 20 of the 56 committees of the present house of representatives will be members of the next house, 21 having been defeated at the polls, while 15 were not candidates for re-election. Not a Democrat who is a member of the present congress was returned from New England, and only one (Mr p?avtlett) from New York, one from Pemi sylvania (Mr. Erdman), and none from New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland or "West Virginia. Oliio returned only two, one of who was elected to fill a vacancy in the present congress; and i Illinois only one, Mr. McCann of Chicago, who has never cut much of a figure in the house. The states of Colorado, Idaho, Indiana. Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, Navada, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming and Wisconsin will he entirely destitute of Democratic representation: while California will have only one Democratic representative, and the combined pluralities of the two tn A A f j -L'CIIK >d"cll5> rciUniW 1UX11X xiimvio ? xii not exceed 500. The minority in the next congress, therefore, like the majority in the Fifty-third congress, will he dominated by the southern Democrats. Among the letter are the only men of ability or ri]>e experience in legislation 011 the Democratic side of the chmber. Crisp and Turner of Georgia ; Culbertson and Savers of Texas; Dockery of Missouria; Richardson and McMillian of Tennessee; Wheeler of Alabama, the only survivor of the committee on > Military affairs; McCrearv of Kentucky 'Boather of Louisiana; Catchings of Mississippi, and perhaps two or three others. An analysis of the above ligurers shows that the goldbug members and free silver members all went down together in the general wreck. So it is sheer nonsense to say that the agitation of the silver question is responsible for the disaster that has overtaken the Democracy. It was brought about by the do nothing policy of the present Congress. An Old Song:. Columbia, S. C., Nov. 30.?As usual the members of the legislature are talkin a <*reatdeal about .reducing salaries, and the following bill was introduced in the House on the lirst day of the session by Representative Burns from Oconee: Governor to $2,000, Governor's private secretary to $1,000, Governors messenger to $350. Secretary of State to .$1,400. chief clerk to $1,000, other clerks in proportion. Comptroller General to ?1.400. chief clerk to $1,000. bookkeeper to ?900. State Treasurer to ?1,600, chicf clerk ?1.000, bookkeper to ?S00. Superintendent of Education to ?1.400, with ?200 for traveling expenses, his clerk to ?600. Adjutant and Inspector General to ?1,200, and to be allowed no clerk. Attorney General to ?1,900 and his assistant to ?1,350. Chief Justice and Associate justices of the Supreme Court to $2,000 each. Circuit Judges to ?2,000 each. Clerk of Supreme Court to $800, messenger and attendant tc $200 each, libarian to $S00, reporter to $800. Superintendent of the Penitentiary to $1,400, physician and captain of the guard to $800 each, chaplain to $400, directors to $4 per day while serving and the same mileage as paid to members of the Legislature. Superintendent of the Asylum to $2,000, regents to $4 per day and mileage. Solicitors to $1,000 each except tho First Circuit, the pay for which is to "be $1,200. State Librarian to $600. Senators and Members of the House to $4 per day and mileage. Clerk of the Senate to $500, assistant and reading clerk to $150 each, serjeant-at-arms to $125. Same officers /vf kio tt/yiica com** efllfln'ps This is the bill. The Columbia Register says the reductions appear to be too sweeping and radical to gain favor with the General Assembly. The salary reduction bill which was passed by the last Legislature does not go into effect until January, 1895, and it is said that a bill will "be introduced repealing the bill which made these reductions. Three Negroes Burned. Charlotte. N. C., Nov. 30.?Three negroes were burned to death in the guardhouse at Polkton, N. C., shortly after midnight yesterday morning. Henry Butler and Oscar Thompson stole a cow and took it to Monroe. They were arrested on suspicion and brought to Polkton for examination. The two were placed in the guard' - x ? nouse tnere to oe sent un iu uauw boro later. Another negro, Harnp May accused of stealing shoes, was also in the guardhouse. About 1 o'clock, many citizens were aroused from their slumbers by heart-rending and exciting screams and knockings from the guard-house. Men hastened to the place. Smoke and flame burst from the interior. The groanings and screams hushed. Nothing could be done, though axes were used as long as the flames permitted. The building was small, but very strong, and burnt very rapidly. Afier the house burned down, the charred, burned, and biacKened remains were taken from the embers. Evidently the negroes tried to burn their way out. arid losing control of the lire, brought upon themselves their own destruction, and nothing was left but the ghastly remains to tell the tragedy. r wnrjui' l IT HIS LAST MESSAGE. [continued from page one. J selves to obey orders and uphold the law." Not since the days which saw the birth of the Southern Confederacy HL'.JS SUUll it xuurtii;; .twui? oxxvtvii. With tlio arms taken from the old companies as many of the new ones as possible have been armed. In addition, the last appropriation for the militia from the United States, amounting' to nearly 8$,000, has been expended altogether for arms; a.id there are now thirty companies armed since the riot, of which twenty-six have the latest improved Springfield rifles. It is not necessary to tell the Legislature that the militia of the State merits and should receive your fostering care, its value and necessity * ^ " A - A? T 1. _ were cieany snown at uie ume x nave just described. Hitherto the services required of the militia liave been at long intervals and on occasions of minor importance?guarding a jail or repressing disorder among the negroes ?and the taxpayer have been disposed to grumble at the expense of the annual appropriation. This has been spent, not in equipment and arms 'out paid directly to the companies "to assist them in maintaining their organ. ization." The whole system needs remodeling and there should be a radiical change in policy. We do not need so many companies, but we need well-armed, well-drilled men who can be relied 011. There should be a term Oi yjllISUlIUiit, ?Itn uv;i/i/Ci wiaiiipiiixt and means of enforcing it. We have had a severe lesson in depending on holiday soldiers, whose officers on occasion constitute themselves a debating society to discuss the Governor s orders and vote as to the propriety of obeying them. Without going into the details, I would strongly urge that the money appropriated be spent in arming such of the new companies as have shown by their zeal and proficiency that they are in earnest, and are willing to enter the service under the stringent regulations which should obtain in future. All of the officers of the companies which failed to re1 ' -1 - ... x _ . _ j. _ T\. __1" spona 10 my oraers 10 go 10 i>>arimgton have been suspended, with three exceptions. To have court-martialed them would have been a costiy farce. Had I possessed the power, I would have disbanded these commands; but not having donned their uniforms and gotten under orders, they did not come under the Articles of War, and I could not legally do more than X did. This is a defect in the law which should not be overlooked. Arbitrary power is not desirable in a free government, but there are sometimes occasions and conditions when nothing else will do. The Governor is, at all times, responsible to the people, and no harm could result. Under the Statutes as they stand, the AdjutantGeneral has power to disband a company which fails to pass inspection. But the Commander-in-Chief cannot do so, even for disobedience of orders. It is almost certain that had the other ollicers or the .frourtn jsrigaae aone their duty as did Ckpt. Edward Anderson, the command would have promptly assembled and gone to the scone of the riot. I will say that there are about twenty thousand dollars in cash or securities belonging to this brigade, which, can be used to arm and equip other men within the city of Charleston. A good battalion is all that is needed there, and I am sure the material exists to form one which will obey orders hereafter and wipe off the stigma now resting on the military of that city. It pains me to make known, a further instance of gross insubordination and, indeed, outrageous insolence, on the part of the officers of the oldest sin/l mrxjf nntprl mih'tnrv Wimmnv in the State. tThe Washington Light Infantry was ordered, along with the other companies, to give up its arms. This it declined to do, claiming them as private property. It will take too much space to enter into details and give the grounds upon which .this claim rests. After consulting the records and conferring with the Attorney-General, the order to surrender the arms was renewed, and again disobeyed. But the matter did not rsst here. A temporary injunction was sued out before Judge Goff, of the United States Circuit Court, restraining "One B. R. Tillman, calling himself Governor of South Carolina, from seizing or in any way interferring with the possession by the company of the arms in question." The' case was a?niwl ViAfnvA flip .Tiirlw at Baltimore ^ o" by the Attorney-General, who presen ted for the consideration of Judge GofT the following official papers: [Here follows the opinion of Attorney-General Olney to the effect that the arms of the Washington Light Infantry are held by the State for the use of the whole body of the State militia, as the State authorities may direct. Also, a letter from the Assistant Secretary of War, to the same effect.] These papers show conclusively that the arms are State property, subject to the disposition and orders of the Governor, and a prompt decision to that effect from the bench was what we had a right to expect. But the honorable Judge "took the papers" and has them yet. No decision has been rendered, and after next week B. R. Tillman can no longer "call himself Governor of South Car" tt onna. xierem lies me uirtv wiua. sa> which Judge Golf has lent himself. One would have supposed that he had too much self-respect and regard for his high office to descend so low. I can only surmise as^ to motives and the source of his inspiration. Judge Simonton and Brawley, of that court and cult, are citizens of Charleston. The former an honorary member of the "Washington Light Infantry, and was formerly, I think, its captain. If there had been any merit in the case, one or the other of the judges would have been the natural judicial officer to ask for relief. That the case was carried abroad shows clearly that one or both refused to hear it. But that the decision had been reserved in this nno/?/?/Yn?+aKI/i on/1 rmtwa.O'AmiS WAV nl most proves that judicial influences have been at work to postpone action till one "B. R. Tillman calling himself Governor, "etc., has been gotten out of the way. It may be that my successor will be served with a similar order; for the judges of the United States Courts are a law unto themselves, it seems, and glory in acts of usurpation and tyrany. It may be that this company's charter will be left undisturbed, and its organization remain as part of the State militia. I think, however, that it should be disbanded, and its affairs as a corporation wound up. I would have been willing, after a time, to allow a reorganization and restoration of the company as punishment enough for its refusal to go to Darlington: but the second act of mutiny and insult to the State and its Executive is too much To be possessors of old historic names is a grand heritage. To assist in maintaining an organization with such proud memories and so glorious a history is a worthy ambition. It is a pity to destroy what is so old, so linked with the State's glorious past but an example should be made. Thes*" men have been false to every obligation of duty: have disobeyed the ojrder of the Commander-in-Chief; havt> insulted the Governor; and, wrapped in the cloud of their self-idoaltry. tliey > L depend 011 social, political and judicial influences to save them, from deserved disgrace and punishment. The General Assembly alone can deal with them, and can do it in spite of Judge Go!?. ENFORCEMENT OF THE DISPENSARY LAW. Governor Tillman next reviews the coursc of things under the Dispensary Law from the time when it was declared by the Supreme Court to be unconstitutional till the reopening of the j dispensaries: He savs: But while I obevetl what I thought J was the law under the decision of the Court, I resolved to thwart the Court if I could, and every effort was put forth to prevent the Act of 1893 from coming before the Court as it was then constituted. In the meantime we had a whiskey deluge. During the period from July 1st, 1893, when the dispensary law went into effect, to April 21st. 1894, when it was suspended, two hundred and seventy-seven United States | retail licenses were issued. In the time A /li'orvanoowac1 tr/>!/\co/1 Ar^ril 91 I to August 1st, 1,474 were issuetf. All the old dealers?those who had left the State and those who remained*? laid in stocks. Men who had never sold liquor went into the business, and at every town, hamlet and cross-roads almost, whiskey could be bought, with no effort at concealment. Prohibition ha<l come. By judicial enactment, it is true, but nevertheless prohibition. But the prohibitionist who had fought the dispensary and refused to "touchthe unclean tiling/' looked on in silent amazement and disgust. He had worked for prohibition, had prayed for prohibition, and now that the dream had come to a realization, not an angel Of light met his gaze, but an abortion, a jubilant demon, whojeered and laughed as he polished his bar glasses and cried "What are you goingto do about it?" Like Fear, in Collins' Ode, "He back recoiled, he knew not why. Even at the sound himself had made." and felt that the "Reign of chaos and Old Night'' had come, . It is safe to say that of the men who voted for Prohibition in 1892 not one thousand remain who believe that prohibition is practicable. The stock of liquors on hand at the State dispensary, with other necessarysupplies, was valued at$99,601.26, and the amount held at the several dispensaries was $96,932.72 while the debts due by the State Commissionerjamount ed to $S4,528.93. These liquors were being held at a heavy expense for rent, salaries, insurence, etc., while the State was flooded with liquor sold contrary to law. The act of 1893 had been ignored by the court in two cases, and a change in the court made me feel it to be my duty to revive the act of 1893 and test the question of its constitutionality once for all. So July 22d I issued a proclamation ordering the dispensaries to be reopened August 1st, and -warning all public carriers and illicit dealers to obey the law. The constabulary had been dismissed April 21st, The force was reorganized about the middle of August and put to work, being: gradually increased and instructed to close down on the liquor sellers by degrees. Every facility was offered those so desiring to get rid of their liquors and ship them out of the State. At this time I have sixtv-five men employed as constables ancl detectives, and the expense has been very heavy. But it was to be expected that both time and work would be required to rpern in t.bft Inst. ormind_ and reach even the position occupied 21st April, when the illicit traffic had almost ceased in three-fourths of the counties. That the constables have been active, and that most of them have been well chosen, is shown to the results of their work. The contraband liquors seized and confiscated are valued by the Commissioner at $11,451, and a good deal of other property is in the hands of the Courts awaiting the results of the trials under Section 22, for maintaining nuisances, "The Governor next reviews the different cased arising, in the courts, out of the Dispensary law?stating I these as they have already appeared in the public prints He recommendes. I 1. That some means be devised to control distilling, without the embar' ? - ?uv. j rassment or any seeming uumnuL wnu the Federal governor. , j 2. That an additional bookkeeper be employed, who shall also be secretary of the State Board of Control. 3. That Clemson College be incorporated, for purposes of police control? such control extending the boundaries through a radius of five miles?this to control the liquor traffic at Pendleton and other adjacent points. 4. That a system of metropolitan police be provided for Charleston, and for other cities^as conditions may seem to demand. ?. 5. That the Governor should have have power to suspend solicitors and i Sheriffs when these shall appear to have neglected their duty. [This recommendation arrises out of the conviction of the constable Bladon, in Spartanburg?whom, says Governor Tillman, "any but a crazy or corrupt jury would have acquitted | without leaving their seats" j THE DISPENSARY AS A BUSINESS. The Governor gives the following figures showing tne workings of the State Dispensary since its start: I Abstract'Novejnber 1st. Total cost of liquors $416,853.12 Total expenses 207,056.15 Total sale to dispensers.... 694,271.69 Amount due by dispensers to;State 106,*96.42 Amount cash received from dispensers 553,811.13 Amount cash all other sources 10,865.26 Total cash ?564,676.39 Stock at State Dispensary (wholesale) 55,455.59 Amount due by State Dispensary 43,815.26 Value of assets over liabilities 147.694.93 From which deduct State appropriation 50,000.00 Net profits ? 97,694.93 The three heaviest items of expense are: Constabulary $ 49,S53.34 Bottles, demijohns and kegs. 53,999.72 Freights 55,999.72 At the business of the county dispensaries the Governor makes the following statement: Total amount purchased from State by all the dissaries ?671,555.59 Total amount of sa]es, invoice price 573,578.3S Total sales to consumers (county profit added)... .$679,222.SS Gross profits 165,355.40 Total expenses SS,4S0.15 Total net profits. $ 76,775.25 Expenses of dispensaries while closea, included above, $9,690.49. During the quarter ending October 31 sixteen new dispensaries were run at a loss, amounting in the aggregate 10 y/. This was caused by the illicit sale of liquor in competition, and the hard times reducing consumption. It is not likely that the next quarter will show any such condition. If so, all such should have salaries reduced and expenses cut down, or be discontinued. There are open now in the State sixty-nine dispensaries, all told. The total profit by the county dispensaries, net, is $76,770.23. Of course out of this must come the expenses during the time the dispensaries were not . opcu. and it will take some time in * some counties to pay otf this debt. It must be understood tnat me prom claimed by the State dispensaries is ail t invested in stock?liquor on hand in Columbia and at all the local dispensaries. The tinancial condition of the 1 State dispensary is fast reaching a } point where cash can be paid for ev- j erything and no accounts be run on credit, and in a few months the ?50,000 can be turned back into the treas- ] ury, and later on the profits can be ^ turned in to the gemeral fund for use the same as taxes. ( EDUCATION. < The Governor carefully reviews the i condition and the operations of the f several educational institutions sup- f ported by the State. He shows that the total appropriations required or ] asked for by the four colleges will ag- i gregate something like this: i South Carolina College ?30.000 i Citadel : 23.429 ( Clemson 35,000 i Winthrop College at Rock Hill 75,000 i Winthroy Normal School. Co mmuia u,iw i i Aggregating c.?169,129 s He thinks that the cost of maintain- ? ing these institutions must, in some i way, be curtailed, and that the pro- t fessors' salaries should be reduced. \ The beneficiary system, both in the < college and the Citadel, needs revision and improvement. He thinks that j the allowance to the Citadel beneficia- i ries should be reduced from $300 to s ?150, the number of beneficiaries t doubled, and each required to pay a part of his expenses at the institution, t IN GENERAL. * The lunatic asylum has been prudently and efficiently managed. The daily average of patients during the year has been 798, maintained at an average annual cost of $132.80. The penitentiary had, on October 31st, 1,062 prisoners. The operations of the prison show, on that day, a net balance of $27,302.54. The States income from all sources, for the fiscal vear ended Nov. 1, was $1,061,100.17/ The law's delays?the sloth of the courts in dealing with crime?the Governor gives as a fruitful source of lynchings. CONCLUSION. A few words in conclusion ana I , have done.' Nine years ago I began s the agitation of certain reforms looking to the education and upbuilding of the agricultural interests. Without intending it and almost before I knew it, things had shaped themselves into a political movement, directed to reforming abuses in our governmental affairs. The people were ift a restless and dissatisfied condition, and as year after year their just demands were ignored, and the oligarchy controlling the State government grew more and more insolent in refusing to recognize what were felt to be reasonable and proper reforms, the feeling of resentment grew stronger and stronger, and the movement gathered impetus. By 1890 there was a perfect ground-swell, resulting in revolution and the retirement of all old leaders. An untried man, fresh from the plow and without any experience whatever in public affairs, I was elected Governor. I had foreseen and predicted the dogged opposition that I would have to endure, severe adverse criticism and a most malignant and slanderous warfare. Whether I was a prophet or not the history of the past four years will tell. The "long, rough, rocky and stumpy road to the executive mansion" was iw>nnllA<l lOOn o?zl +V> o /lomnoirm | IL <% V CliV^U. IIJL JLU^V, CfcAXH . of 1892, in which I asked the people for a vindication and a vote of confi-. dence, can be best described as a triump'hal procession, in which a majority of 22,000 of the white men in this State marched at my back to show ' their determination that Democracy in South Carolina meant the rule of the majority, and that the people were determined to govern themselves. Since I have been chief magistrate of South Carolina I have had more * complex questions of grave consequence to deal with, have been confronted with greater problems pressing for - solution, than have marked the civil history of the State during all the balance of its existence. In the discharge of my official duty I have known but'one rule, the welfare of the people and the honor of the State. I have defended its honor and dignity to the best of my ability. When a question would arise I have asked myself, "Is this good for the State? Is it right?" And when my conscience has approved I have moved forward, without regard to consequences. I had no selfish motive in accepting the leadership and running for Governor. I have worked harder for the State than I ever worked for myself. I take this opportunity of expressing my gratitude to the "people for the love thev have shown me and the I confidence which they have displayed. ^ That love and confidence and a clear conscience have been my shield from the darts of envy and malice which have been thrown so relentlessly, and I leave the office with the consciousness of having discharged my duty as I saw it, and an absolute confidence that the just historian of the future will sustain my good name and give due credit for those things which I, in obedience to the will of the people, and sustained by them, have accomplished. I must also thank my coadjutors in the State House for their uniform courtesy and zealous co-operation. Without their active help I must have oft times failed. I am glad to be relieved of the burden, which has pressed upon me at times with a weight, wmcn no man living can conceive who has not been ^ similarly situated. ^ j With charity towards my enemies, ( who have hated me, I know not why; ^ with love and gratitude to my thousands of friends, I return my commis- 1 sion to the people who gave it, proud of the consciousness that most of those i who put me in office are still my \ staunch supporters while I have wrung from my enemies at least respect. My ( record as Governor is made. "What is write is write, Would it wore worthier." , Respectfully, B. R. Tillman Governor. The Browns Acquitted. Barnwell, S. C., Nov. 24.?''Not J guilty." That was the verdict of the jury in the case of Messrs. 1 Simon, Isadore and Herman J Brown, charged with the murder of State Counstable John Gribbins. At ] 2 o'clock this afternoon the jury, af- \ ter being out exactly one hour, entered ? the court, and the foreman. Col. Laur- ( ence W. Youmans. announced that " > i s they nan agreea upon a, veruiuu jluc judge ordered the cleric to read it. Mr. ( W. Gilmor* Sims took the indictment ? and read from the back of it. "The 1 State, vs. Simon, Isadore and Herman 1 Brown, charged "with murder. We the ! jury find the defendants not guilty." * The eminent and wealthy colored c head-waiter that the Brooklynites objected to living in the neighborhood e with, and the noted and eloquent ? colored woman lecturer that the C hica- t go society woman declined to sit in 1 club with, might do well to get together t and compare notes on northern admira- i tion for the colored race in precept and ] in practice. . < 1 V FOR THE FARMERS. j dii Important Report from tlie Georgia j r a^nccuurai VOXUBllllCC* How can the farmers of Georgia better tlieir present condition? How can they secure a better crop 1 arice for their cotton crop and liow j utilize the resources which are at their j lands to the best advantage? The house committee of the Georgia j Legislature 011 general agriculture has 1 seen discussing these questions, which j: jarae to them through the introduction | ( )f a series of resolutions or rather of a j nemorial in that shape which came J Tom certain farmers of Putnam Coun- i Chairman Brown, of the committee, j1 resterday submitted the report, which ' ;vas in the nature of a substitute set of J! esolutions and which will be found of j1 nterest, not only to the fanners of {' jreorgia and of the other States of the ;: South, but to the merchants, the busi-;* less men, in fact everybody. !3 The resolutions were drawn by Chan*- i ] nan Brown, who is one of Pulaski's !J epresentatives and one of the most j1 ;uccessful farmers of Georgia. They j ^ :ontain his ideas and those of other < nembers of the committee and are wor-!1 hy of serious consideration by the ' ' >eople of the State. The report of the j ^ lommittee is as follows: ' Recognizing and deploring the de- j jressed condition of agriculture in this : I state and desirous of alleviating the j' ame we offer the following remedy as he sense of this committee: j J We will waste 110 time in discussing ; j he cause. The disease is upon us, be- j < ng felt in every farmhouse in Georgia, ; ;oon to reach the center of every town. \ )ur expense account has been greater ( han our income. We must cut down ixpenses or increase the revenue, or J neet bankruptcy surely and swiftly. < looking to cotton as our source of reve- ] lue, it is impossible to increase the in- ' :ome by increased production, when a ! < )ig crop will bring less than a small i >ne. Therefore we would advise the ( lowing of oats, wheat and rye, in abun- ; lance, at least ten acres to the plow, be'ore Christmas, if possible, if not the irst thing in January. Prepare well ma sow on good land, witn a view 10 . >asturing the same or of cutting hay j ; liter removing grain. Then prepare {* hree-fourths of your land for corn, 11 proundpeas and fieldpeas; keep cotton I' ?ed and manure corn. It will not I j )av to sell them at pressent prices. Plant : vegetables, sugarcane, potatoes, etc. 3o not plant over ten acres of cotton : o the plow. < Do not use any commercial fertiliz- 1 irs; clean out the fence corners; haul itter in cow lots and horse lots, etc. < tVe have used 300,000 tons of guano \ ;his year, costing about $6,000,000, \ aking one- third of the cotton crop of , he State to pay for it. We recognize j hat it will increase the crop, but abun- lance now means poverty to the pro- < lucer. Why we can't understand, } ve simply deal with facts. At a fixed \ >rice of 8 cents we would advise the } lse of guano, but when increased pro- : luction reduces the price to 5 cents, . ;hen it is suicidal to use it. If all cot- ' on-growing States would unite with is (and we hereby implore them) and efuse to use guano next year, we vould reduce the crop in our judg nent from nine to six million bales, md obtain more for six millions than i ;or nine million bales, besides saving : ;he guano bill. It is'spt profitable-to, >uy guano and pay for ^Xtj^jtir^cent :otton, even witn a gooa crop; wivu u joor crop it would simply mean deduction. Buy no wagons, no buggies, 10 mules, nor horses unless you are >ut of debt and can pay cash; econonize in every way. The above plan \pll bring1 more hogs, nore beef, more milk and better, more chickens and effgs, more colts; would equire less labor. less expense, less mxiety, less risk. It will bring more noney. pay back debts, bring peace, continuous prosperity and independ- ; ;nce to the farmers of Georgia and the i South. 1 We would ask our fellow citizens of ivery calling to aid us in our honest ifforts for relief. We would ask mer;hants and bankers to be as lenient is possible. The cotton has come and jone, the bales were there but the jrice was lacking, though through no :ault of merchant or farmer, we therefore would counsel forbearance from To- j. _ J .Li. I ;reaitor to ueutur, iui mc icumcio w jreorgia are ail honest debt paying ; people, and while many are now un- , tble to pay, it is not due to a lack"of lisposition. We would ask our towns J people to buy all their supplies possi- \ >le from their customers. In many j ;ections we have bread, meat beef, ard, corn, hay and provisions of all I dnds?enough for country and town? 1 md we would ask our merchants to mcourage farmers to produce these ;hings by buying from tnem instead of mporting the same. In other words et our people live amongst them- | .elves as much as possible. We have nade the money, but sent it away 'rom home, never to return until we i :hange our methods. I On this line we would say that our :otton should be spun at home. Our vagons made, buggies, shoes, furni- i +V>of mnnor ir? ' ' Ui Cj OV UJulttV Ui.ViJ.VJ ^AWVI v^vwv. . >eor^ia would stay in Georgia. We yould also advocate any policy on the 3art of our State that would lend to :he upbuilding and support of factories )f all kinds in our midst. Their employees would furnish consumers of >ur products and add value to every icre of farm land in Georgia. We beieve that packing houses established n our largest cities would pay. Let ;hem be established and we -will furlish the beef and pork. By following the above suggestions ve "believe that we can escape from he slough of despond and the clutches )f poverty, and ere long stand upon he high ground of contentment and prosperity. In the meantime we would counsel patience. Let us not become desperite, "for whom the gods wish to de:tmv thftv first make mad."' Our country is peculiarly adapted to liversified ageiculture, unexcelled in -he variety of its products or the perfection of their growth. "We have .vater powers and raw materials. Our :limate invites all who would do field >r factory work.*The opportunity are ,vith us, and it is with us as to .vhetlier we use them or not. We ,hink we are on the right direction ,vith onr technological schools, our jommon schools and colleges. Our owns will yet hum with machinery mder the direction of our own boys, j tnd the earth will yield forth its more ibundant fruit to the more enlightenjd touch of the husbandman. We have an abiding faith in the pos;ibilities and the future development )f our country. We would hasten the I lav when contentment would prevail j n the hearts and prosperity would eign in the houses of our people. Let < is. therefore, to the -work like men. jelieving in the resources at our comnand and an abiding faith in tha wislom and justice of an all-wise God. < In order to carry these ideas into ixecution and have them disseminated imong the people, we ask every paper, laily and weekly in the South, to pubish them, and request that some pariotic citizen would call a mass meetng at everv county seat, regardless of jarty or color, and advocate the prm:iples herein set forth. - ' f * ,-V A,Carless Gunner. New Brunswick, X. J., Nov. 29.? ' % By the accidental discharee of a gun 'Jtduring the Thanksgiving Say shoot off the Eastside Rod and Gun Club this Jj afternoon, two men were fatally injured and a third so seriously wounded " % that the surgeons say he will lose his sight. While the shooting match was in progress Henry V. McCauley, a member of the club, was standing with a party of friends loading a gun preparatory to taking his plaice at the traps. After placing the loaded shells in the <nin he closed it with a snap. As the outt of the barrels struck the breetch both shells exploded. "William Grriggs. aged 2S, a shoe manufacturer^-^ who was standing nearest to McCaulev, received almost the entire load of shot from one shell in his right tempie and fell to the ground without ut^fl tering a sound. George HotzwortiM iS years of age, a ship captain, stood near by, was also wound? the right temple, and Willaim m ver, received a part of the load fl 9 second shell in the face, several oa shot entering his eyes. The wasrf^M rrif>r? \tpw rprnovw) to the W^TTs Hal pital, where at a late liour Griggs ant^B Sotzworth were sait: io be dying, and V that Hoover, if he recovered would V be blind. The aecident caused much V excitement among the crowd of about 3ne thousand persons present and several ladies fainted. !so arrest has been made and McCauley when he saw the victims of the accident in the hospital, was much overcome with grief and went as though his heart would break. . ' A Fatal Fire. * I St. Louis,Mo.,Nov.30.-At midnight 3. fire was discovered in the residence >f Jacob Schuttcnhelm, 6106 Prescott ivenue. There were four occupants of ^ ;he dwelling. Schuitenhelm escaped leath, but suffered serious injury in jumping from the second story winlow. -'Mrs. Schuttenhehp. and two ihildren, Jacob, Jr.. aged 4, and Orlando, aged 3, were burned to a crisp. rhe fire caught front a defective flue. Schnttenhelm was employed by the water works in the north end of the A jity and had return<id from work but i half hour when the fire broke out. Thirteen Persoa* Poisoned. Atlanta, Ga.. Nov. 29.?Thirteen? persons on Bud Turner's plantation near Calhoun. Ga., were poisoned tfl day. All of the Turner family |fl desperately ill and several of tihe A vantsare very sick. The symptfl indicate arsenical poisoning- Atfl it thought that fresh hog nfl had caused the illness of the farqH ind an investigation is being madeH iiscover trichinae, but thus far nj| trace of it has been found. The United States regular army seems to be improving mentally, morilly and physically. The last report m its condition shows that more % fou tig men of American birth are en-. ?: listing. The recruiting officers are ^ ^ ' ilfX) becoming more particuler in their ~ ^ ' > election of soldiers. During the last j seal year 82 per cent of all applicants :or enlistment were rejected. Good noral character and sober habits are low necessarv qualifications. -v " i. FiBSEf f PATS m FREGBl cM W&j raf ftkm te Mi Mm Stud ter CfetegM of 3m WW Ui Cm M CM coo for tbis ' .. 3 o 13-gamm ?ga Bzssscse sro-ooabinline of Bureau, feRTJt5??l ft" .1 | If ^gjm I-ledstead A Wa?h- ^^53 L r -JH stand?worth Qk SalU, *n pile?. ' v_ 9ium.^ Klecsat Plash ?ARLDB 8UITS, ormrtrty < 5^ of Sofa, Ann CiaJr, Bgefcjaf Chafa^gtg** JeM and 2 aide Chain ?worthjfcj?. W1H tfaStal a Aieft nvw mum atitachmente, tor -j -gsangfesfer gBtea VThe tabular price of t&tM ttUGQY Is Co to 75 dollars. BIS rb? manufacturer pays all 'CaWfia Efeaexpcneea and l nil thus ^ MM nm to *4.9.78- -8r~_!fl dfegfb J Mtwai ?< warteot > a ^1 mfrettht-p^d for$$? "| j | PIANOS. 1 | ORGANS. '# um ouuura DLD^tlHl IMIU'dURMLii Dmiumim w SpeeUl Sale Snuaisr 1*94. time to buy Clump mad TUf. StB |L^* Sp??i*l Saaaw Offer* that torn* ?bOT neotii V $50 tared every Piano pordiaMV* H $10 to $20 on e70iy Ozgan. 0 ' Ox Spedil Offera en our Ttiptfw Db X " Summer Ran. Bay la ABfoat, JaptMtibv i| and OOotar, ud 917 ?tun OaClaa ?M A Spot Ouh Prkm. Re Zntgnrt. Oaly a X Small Ouh Payment required, $ ea a O Piano, $10 00 Organ, balance wxt Vewat- O berlSUL Loafer flue If inntfa. y y PayaMott to aolt ? . FtaBM PHt?| X moaiWy. Organs S* to $&. X X our MVMaaaar 00?s K*?NfM* 8 Xoaiin pbuu ofpaymwi. fl c Ibw Tail Lt?d?n mly, lMrt O ?-} 0 ftil Mi Cheap. Toanpl I ! V '-?s Q Write at one* tor Jfld^uuw #p O O fin. OHd Mir Heweeebw 1* 0 ; 0 Don't wait. V ? 81 udden & bates | Southern music mouse, | 8 C SAVANNAH, M. 8 A "dUi BICE MILLS. / 9 We offer a concpi^te Rice MlU/ln a/ a Tha r.inoh?ft Hi \r\ >*r. :juwvUiu^. i. uv 1 w**w <i* t?)sced in hopper and comes out cloned and polished ready for tab'e use. Machine can be operated borse power and will clean 100 bushels-of rough rice per day. :OUN MILLS m Of the latest design?, vertical ?cd fl horizjntaJ, double"and single Rear. ;l!?r Mill?; S.i?' MilJp, Engircp, * Girs ard Preasea,* TV rod vrcrkJng macWnery. T. ^ SABBAtf. jM CCI/U31BIA. S.O* J|