The Fairfield news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1881-1900, December 05, 1894, Image 4
BBjBS
FIGURES FOR FARMER&7
Jj COL. L. W. YOUMANS ON OUR
FINANCIAL HISTORY.
P Evidence OjTcre<l to rrovc Xiiai lac -uom
Standard" i.s Disastrous to Producers.
The Effect of tlie Demonetization of
|p? To the Editor of The State?In my
P second article, it was conclusively
proved that the fall in the price of
cotton in 1$87 and the twelve years
succeeding was due to the collapse of
the paper extension, due to the establishment.
in 1820, of the joint stock
j;. banks in England, and the increased
issues of the State banks in the United
State. The bank failures which took
place in England after the panic of
1837 attracted the attention of Parlia_
rnent, and resulted in 1844, in the pask.
sage of an act known as the "Peel
Act." limiting the paper currency of
Britain to ?30,000,000, equally divided
between the Bank of England and the
X;, . joint-stock and provincial banks.
This act sealed any further paper expansion
in Great Britain from that
?' , day to this. After the destruction of
the Second Bank of the United States
Pthe circulation in this country was
confined to the State bank notes and
gold and silver. The State banks, being
required to redeem their notes in
specie, were conservative in the
amounts they issued. Under these
circumstances, the value of money,
both here and in England, maintained
J?thp nanie
4-Lb rtXIUCCU. ,pi uviio M*?V* r
PV __ of 1S37, until 1S49, the time of the
gold discoveries. I may note that in
this country the paper circulation' in
1837 was one hundred and forty-nine
millions, in 1S49 it was one hundred
*-... and fourteen millions, but as soon after
the gold discoveries as 1S54, it had
risen to two hundred and four millions.
The production of gold, -which
amounted to twenty-seven millions in
^ 1S49, rose immediately thereafter to
considerablv over one hundred millions
annually, and held these figures
for ten vears, rising as high, in 1S53,
^ 1 ? a :n:?
as one iiunarect ana nny-avu muiwus.
Thus we see that from 1S37 to 1S49 under
a shrinking- volume of money, the
price of cotton underwent a heavy
decline, though there was no material
increase in the volume of production,
whilst from 1S49 to 1S60, under the
stimulus of an almost quadrupled pro;T':
duction of gold, the price of cotton
? ; doubled on twice the volume of production.
I will have to pass over the period
from 1S61 to 1S67, because of the disturbances
and irregularities occar
sioned by -,he war. In 1S67, however,
war prices were over, and although
cotton was quoted in this country in
1S67 at 31.59 cents and in 1S72 at 20.48
a- l- - ^
cents, tnere appears to Dea utx-uuc.
Such was not the case, as these quotations
were in a depreciated inconvertible
paper currency, which under
'""""" v.. the influences of contraction was rapidly
falling to specie basis. To ascertain
the specie price we will hare to
consult the European markets, where
?. payment'was made in gold. Here we
find that, while the volume of production
nearly doubled itself from 1S67 to
IS72, the "price remained about the
same, cotton being worth 10..9S pence
in 1867 and 10.7S in 1S72. Up to this
period.?1872?the mints of the civilized
world with but few exceptions (and
these exceptions about equally divided
between the two metals) were open to
the free and unlimited coinage of both I
gold and silver, at a ratio ranging j
about 151-2 to 1. Consequently up to
this time the volume of money was
open to the addition of both metals as
they -were mined.
Iso-vv let us bear in mind that from
mm__ 1S09 to 1S49, the annual average output
from the mines was forty-seven
million or thereabouts, and that prices
declined to less than half of their former
value?that after 1849, say from
1852 to 1S72, the annual volume rose
with the increase of the gold discoveries
to one hundred and seventy-seven
millions, and the average price of commodities
on this swelling volume of
money rose 34 per cent, from 1S49 to
IS72. "Such was the invigorating effect
of an expanding volume of the precious
.metals and a rise in the price of
commodities that though this country
had just sustained the greatest drain of
blood and treasure ever exacted by
war from any nation, yet she was on a
perfect wave of prosperity, every department
of industry was thriving and
prosperous, and all the products of labor
met with profitaple sale. The outlook
seemed to justify the prediction
of Alison in 1S55, when he said that
during the last half of the century the
expanding volume of money and the
v rise in price of all the products of la
bor would proportionately encourage
enterprise, unify industry and lessen
the burden of debts and "taxes; but in
1S73, the tide of prosperity began to
ebb, the purchasing power of money to
increase and the price of commodities
to decline.
\Vhat was it that reversed the
wheels of progress? Samuel B. Ruggles,
an active member of the chamber
of commerce, of New \ ork, mentioned
by John Sherman, the Cataline
of American finance, and coached by
Michael Chevalier, the minion and
mouthpiece of the money power of
?- - Europe, in furtherance of the most gigantic
scheme of plunder ever con
1\TT W? AT* tca-HA T\I AVAin r* An>? rrvaof
WlVCU kJJ ULiC-U >V VU1 ?J.\S<Atsj
metallic international conference at
Paris in 1867, alarmed the fundholdL
, ers of Western Europe by telling them
f that over heie -we were piercing our
great metallic interior with railroads,
and were now mining nearly one hundred
millions worth of the precious
. * metals, with a probability of increas!.V
ing the amount to four hundred millions
by 1900, and warned them that
then was the time to unify on one of
the metals. A resolution passed the
conference to demonetize silver and
the work of ruin began. So slyly
and stealthily was the legislation
passed in this country that neither
Blaine nor Conkling knew of it.
Not even the President, who signed
the bill.
The demonetization of silver has reduced
the annual volume of the metals
over one hundred millions, refuted the
V prediction of Alison, and, as was
W said by I. B. Howe, American delegate
to the" international monetary conferW
ence of 1S7S, "will consign the nineteenth
century to a pauper s grave and
' lay the heavy hand of paralysis on the
cradle of the twentieth."
_ This heavy reduction in the annual
addition to the volume of money has
occasioned a dislocation m prices
which has enriched the creditor and
income classes and worried the creditors
and producers. In the language
of Sir James Graham. "It has given
the victory to unproductive wealth
over productive industry, to the drones
over the be'2S. "With silver demonetized,
the volume of money practically
sealed in England by the act of 1S44,
and in this country* to the repeal of
the purchasing clause of the Sherman
act, thero is no chance for
expansion, except from the output of
gold, which the best authorities inform
us is insufficient to meet the demand
of the arts, and to replace loss by accident
and abrasion. The hardships of
thd situation are aggravated by every
increase of population, every new
avenue of industry and every expansion
of business. The inevitable result
of our situation is correctly outlined
by Prof. Sumner, i j liis "Ameri- ;
-f
y
/
can Currency." page 22.1 and 22'.
where he says: "If v.e suppose the rcquirment
of currency to increase from
the growth of weakh and population
faster thau!in dec reuses from improved
ir-niion and banking facilities.
then a certain growing- may be admitted.
but as it goes on. it exerts a slow,
gradual and pitiless contraction on
prices, broken only in spring and fall
by a succession of commercial crises.
* * x As a matter of speculation. I
am inclined to believe, that the actual
course of things would be that after
every crisis, wages would fall, industry
would be checked and the country
would be slowly and gradually arrested
in its entire.industrial life."
The millionaire habitues of a four
million dollar club house, skilled in
the vernacular of deception, are the
oracles, who have dictated our financial
legislation. Sav these interest taki
t;lrt
ers ana coupon 1J4; ;>, u?m-u >
small ers capitalists of every litlte tradecentre,
and the hireling editor and
correspondent of every subsidized
newspaper: The low prices and hard
times are not caused by any scarcity of
money, but due to overproduction, resulting
from labor-saving machinery
and improved method expansion,
would be dishonest: individual and
natural integrity requires that wo preserve
the "honest," ' sound," "full
value gold dollar." As was said by
Adam Smith-" "Not fools they who
say these things, but fools those who
believe them.*' So investigate the
truth of their operations, we will only
have to retrace the events of a centurv.
- * -? "? V . 1 w,
From 1SU'.' to ltvJtj, goiu ciecnneu -in
per cent, in value, aii'l commodities
advanced proportionately. Who
would be so silly as to suppose that
this rise in the value of commodities,
was caused by the destruction of laborsaving
machinery, or a retrogression
in methods of production? Who so
blind as not to see that it was occasioned
by heavy augmentations of the
money value from the mines of both
the old and the new world, principally,
however, from the latter. See
Jacobs, "On the Precious Metals,"
volume II., chapter XXII.
From 1809 to 3S49 gold rose 145 per
cent., and commodities experienced a
corresponding decline. This reverse
in prices occasioned by a dearth of the
precious metals, resulting from the
abandonment of the mines in Mexico
and the Spanish South American colonies
was attributed to overproduction.
The creditor and income classes complacently
swept in the chips on this
rise of 145 per cent. They saw nothing
unfair or dishonest so long as the
debtors and producers suffered, and
their holdings as Mr. Jerons tells us
were rendered two andja half times as
valuable; but after 1849; when the
heavy accessions from the gold mines
of California and Australia began to
raise the price of commodities, and to
depreciate tne value of their holdings,
thev discarded their theories of over
production, labor-saving machinery,
etc., and began to agitate for the demonetization
of one or the other of the
metals. Unable to arrest the increasing
supply at the mines, they had recourse
to * cutting it off at the mints.
Did they first wage war on the now
condemned and dishonest white metal ?
Oh no, it was not the factor, which on
the backward swing of the pendulum
was undoing some of the previous robbery
of debtors and producers. Gold
was then the sinner. It was the yellow
metal that was dishonest. Gold
being produced in quantities more than
three times as great as silver, was more
than three times as responsible for the
depreciation of their money and
money obligations.
* Chevalier, the minion and mouthpiece
of the money power of Europe.
1 1 UA A.y.l -I a- .1
m ms worx "un wua, pages 1^0 a.uu
122, says: "All those persons whose
incomes expressse>.l in monetary units
remain the same "would be injured, to
the extent of half their incomes * * *
the. creditor of the State, who is entitled
to to one hundrea francs a year,
for example, has an inalienable imprescriptible
and absolute right to receive
a hundred times five gramms of silver
of the standard oi 9-10 fineness. He
would be despoiled of his property if
he was paid with a quantity of gold
less than this equivalent, in the same
way as if his claim were discharged
with only SO or 75 discs of silver."
This class for whom ?hevalicr was
then leading spokesman calling the
gold dollar, anSOc-dollar, a 75c-dollar,
just as the advocates of the gold standard
are now calling the silver dollar a
75c-dollar, or 4Sc-lollar.
Chevalier then continuing demands
tlie redemption of the gold coin in silver
just as the creditor and income
classes are now demanding the redemption
of the silver coin in gold, and
says, ''In this ca.se exactitude assumes
another name?honesty." Honesty in
their ^opinion is always on the side of
tfce money power. The dearest money,
whether it be silver or gold, is always
the honest money. These sentimentally,
fastidiously, honest folk, who pretend
to think that the acme of individual
and national integrity consists in
so juggling the finance as to change
mortgages into title deeds and to transfer
the just reward of honest industfy
and enterprise from its rightful owners,
the wealth producers of the country,
to the pockets of the idle holders
of money obligations,^ with most
wonderful consistency first blow
hot and then blow cold. First
for honest silver and against
diloyal gold, then for honest
gold against dishonest silver. With a
supple disregard for truth and justice
they smtt Irom side to side as their
interest dictates, always and ever appealing
to the scared names of faith
and honor.
All economists agree that general
prosperity is best promoted by a slightly
perceptible increase in the price of
commodities, occasioned by a gradually
explanding volume of money, and
a shrinkage in its volume and consequent
increase in its purchasing power is
more injurious than war, pestilence or
famine. In adopting the gold standard,
the cotton and wheat belts have
been deliberated sacrificed to
the money interests of the Northeast.
To vastly enrich a few, the "Teat
staple industries of our country have
been strangled, our people denied profitable
employment and gloom and
despondency have been made to cast
their shadows over the land. Our government
is pursuing a policy in this
respect decried and condemed by every
economic writer for over twenty-seven
centuries, from the time when the
herdsman ofTekvah. in the capacity
of the prophet^ Amos, denounced
among the corruptions of Jeroboah,
the swallowing up of the poor by
I.; "! 1
UiUA.liJ<? CUV iillU UAV U
small.
The general dpression, especially in
the cotton and wheat belts, is clue to a
vicious system of financial and commercial
legislation. which for over a
score of years has collected and concentrated
the capital and welth of the
country in the Northeast. This evil
cannot be reminded, and I cannot see
how it is to be even permanently palliated.
either by a curtailment of production-or
the formation of a trust.
Mr. Hume, has told us that the only
noble and permeneut perfection of the
people is to be found in the securitv
- T l 1 T
oi wise ana oenuiiciai laws. juc^xsiution
called this evil into existence and
legislation only can cure it. The interest
of the cotton and wheat belts
demand, first the rehabilitation of
silver, a measure eminently necessary
to put them on an equal footing- with
silver standard countries to complete
j \
for the markets of Western Europe.
The demonetization, of silver acts as ;i
bounty on the exports of silver standard
countries and gives to silver stand
ard counties an advantage over us to
ovtant rw? itc rlnnvwiatiftii V?P1* COIl
tru, it acts like a tariff on the imports
to silver standard countries, thus
cutting' the interest of the cotton belt
with a two-edged sword. The interest
of these two sections demands a system
of note issues with the item of excLa.^ge
against them to prevent their
congesting at the great trade centres of
the Northeast, and by keeping them at
home, furnish a local currency to be
loaned at reasonable rates of interest.
Third, a gradual reduction of the tariff
to that point which will create the liveliness
competition between home and
foreign manufacturers. These three
measures judiciously incorporated into
acts would give immediately and}>ermanent
relief to the cotton belt?they call
for no favors, merely simple justice.
1j. W. 10U3LVXS.
Fairfax, S. C.. Nov. 20,1804.
How It Stands.
The Republican Congressional Committee
at Washington lias published a
corrected list of members elected to
Congress at the late election, which
shows that two hundred and forty-five
Republicans, one hundred and five
Demoerts and sixty Populists "will receive
certificates. Of the Republican
representatives elect, 06 are members
of the present congress, 27 will succeed
Republicans, 116 will succeed Democrats
and 6 will succeed Populists. Of
the Democrats returned, 75 are members
of this congress, 20 will succeed
Democrats and 1 will succeed a Republican.
The Populists gain 1 in
Alabama and 2 in North Carolina.
Tho on! v Republican candidate who
was defeated for re-election was Murray,
the negro member from South
Carolina, and he will contest the seat
of Elliot, the Democrat, on the grounds
of fraud. The chairmen of only 20 of
the 56 committees of the present house
of representatives will be members of
the next house, 21 having been defeated
at the polls, while 15 were not candidates
for re-election.
Not a Democrat who is a member of
the present congress was returned from
New England, and only one (Mr p?avtlett)
from New York, one from Pemi
sylvania (Mr. Erdman), and none from
New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland or
"West Virginia. Oliio returned only
two, one of who was elected to fill a
vacancy in the present congress; and
i Illinois only one, Mr. McCann of Chicago,
who has never cut much of a figure
in the house. The states of Colorado,
Idaho, Indiana. Michigan, Minnesota,
Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota,
Navada, Oregon, Washington,
Wyoming and Wisconsin will he entirely
destitute of Democratic representation:
while California will have only
one Democratic representative, and
the combined pluralities of the two
tn A A f
j -L'CIIK >d"cll5> rciUniW 1UX11X xiimvio ? xii
not exceed 500.
The minority in the next congress,
therefore, like the majority in the Fifty-third
congress, will he dominated
by the southern Democrats. Among
the letter are the only men of ability
or ri]>e experience in legislation 011
the Democratic side of the chmber.
Crisp and Turner of Georgia ; Culbertson
and Savers of Texas; Dockery of
Missouria; Richardson and McMillian
of Tennessee; Wheeler of Alabama,
the only survivor of the committee on
> Military affairs; McCrearv of Kentucky
'Boather of Louisiana; Catchings of
Mississippi, and perhaps two or three
others. An analysis of the above ligurers
shows that the goldbug members
and free silver members all went
down together in the general wreck.
So it is sheer nonsense to say that the
agitation of the silver question is responsible
for the disaster that has overtaken
the Democracy. It was brought
about by the do nothing policy of the
present Congress.
An Old Song:.
Columbia, S. C., Nov. 30.?As usual
the members of the legislature are
talkin a <*reatdeal about .reducing salaries,
and the following bill was introduced
in the House on the lirst day
of the session by Representative Burns
from Oconee:
Governor to $2,000, Governor's
private secretary to $1,000, Governors
messenger to $350.
Secretary of State to .$1,400. chief
clerk to $1,000, other clerks in proportion.
Comptroller General to ?1.400. chief
clerk to $1,000. bookkeeper to ?900.
State Treasurer to ?1,600, chicf clerk
?1.000, bookkeper to ?S00.
Superintendent of Education to ?1.400,
with ?200 for traveling expenses,
his clerk to ?600.
Adjutant and Inspector General to
?1,200, and to be allowed no clerk.
Attorney General to ?1,900 and his
assistant to ?1,350.
Chief Justice and Associate justices
of the Supreme Court to $2,000 each.
Circuit Judges to ?2,000 each.
Clerk of Supreme Court to $800,
messenger and attendant tc $200 each,
libarian to $S00, reporter to $800.
Superintendent of the Penitentiary
to $1,400, physician and captain of the
guard to $800 each, chaplain to $400,
directors to $4 per day while serving
and the same mileage as paid to members
of the Legislature.
Superintendent of the Asylum to
$2,000, regents to $4 per day and mileage.
Solicitors to $1,000 each except tho
First Circuit, the pay for which is to
"be $1,200.
State Librarian to $600.
Senators and Members of the House
to $4 per day and mileage.
Clerk of the Senate to $500, assistant
and reading clerk to $150 each,
serjeant-at-arms to $125. Same officers
/vf kio tt/yiica com** efllfln'ps
This is the bill. The Columbia Register
says the reductions appear to be
too sweeping and radical to gain favor
with the General Assembly. The
salary reduction bill which was passed
by the last Legislature does not go
into effect until January, 1895, and it
is said that a bill will "be introduced
repealing the bill which made these
reductions.
Three Negroes Burned.
Charlotte. N. C., Nov. 30.?Three
negroes were burned to death in the
guardhouse at Polkton, N. C., shortly
after midnight yesterday morning.
Henry Butler and Oscar Thompson
stole a cow and took it to Monroe.
They were arrested on suspicion and
brought to Polkton for examination.
The two were placed in the guard'
- x ?
nouse tnere to oe sent un iu uauw
boro later. Another negro, Harnp May
accused of stealing shoes, was also in
the guardhouse. About 1 o'clock,
many citizens were aroused from their
slumbers by heart-rending and exciting
screams and knockings from the
guard-house. Men hastened to the
place. Smoke and flame burst from
the interior. The groanings and
screams hushed. Nothing could be
done, though axes were used as long
as the flames permitted. The building
was small, but very strong, and burnt
very rapidly. Afier the house burned
down, the charred, burned, and biacKened
remains were taken from the
embers. Evidently the negroes tried
to burn their way out. arid losing control
of the lire, brought upon themselves
their own destruction, and nothing
was left but the ghastly remains
to tell the tragedy.
r wnrjui' l IT
HIS LAST MESSAGE.
[continued from page one. J
selves to obey orders and uphold the
law." Not since the days which saw
the birth of the Southern Confederacy
HL'.JS SUUll it xuurtii;; .twui? oxxvtvii.
With tlio arms taken from the old
companies as many of the new ones
as possible have been armed. In addition,
the last appropriation for the
militia from the United States,
amounting' to nearly 8$,000, has been
expended altogether for arms; a.id
there are now thirty companies armed
since the riot, of which twenty-six
have the latest improved Springfield
rifles.
It is not necessary to tell the Legislature
that the militia of the State
merits and should receive your fostering
care, its value and necessity
* ^ " A - A? T 1. _
were cieany snown at uie ume x nave
just described. Hitherto the services
required of the militia liave been at
long intervals and on occasions of minor
importance?guarding a jail or repressing
disorder among the negroes
?and the taxpayer have been disposed
to grumble at the expense of the
annual appropriation. This has been
spent, not in equipment and arms 'out
paid directly to the companies "to assist
them in maintaining their organ.
ization." The whole system needs remodeling
and there should be a radiical
change in policy. We do not
need so many companies, but we need
well-armed, well-drilled men who can
be relied 011. There should be a term
Oi yjllISUlIUiit, ?Itn uv;i/i/Ci wiaiiipiiixt
and means of enforcing it. We have
had a severe lesson in depending on
holiday soldiers, whose officers on occasion
constitute themselves a debating
society to discuss the Governor s
orders and vote as to the propriety of
obeying them. Without going into the
details, I would strongly urge that
the money appropriated be spent in
arming such of the new companies as
have shown by their zeal and proficiency
that they are in earnest, and
are willing to enter the service under
the stringent regulations which should
obtain in future. All of the officers
of the companies which failed to re1
' -1 - ... x _ . _ j. _ T\. __1"
spona 10 my oraers 10 go 10 i>>arimgton
have been suspended, with three
exceptions. To have court-martialed
them would have been a costiy farce.
Had I possessed the power, I would
have disbanded these commands; but
not having donned their uniforms and
gotten under orders, they did not
come under the Articles of War, and
I could not legally do more than X did.
This is a defect in the law which
should not be overlooked. Arbitrary
power is not desirable in a free government,
but there are sometimes occasions
and conditions when nothing
else will do. The Governor is, at all
times, responsible to the people, and
no harm could result. Under the
Statutes as they stand, the AdjutantGeneral
has power to disband a company
which fails to pass inspection.
But the Commander-in-Chief cannot
do so, even for disobedience of orders.
It is almost certain that had the other
ollicers or the .frourtn jsrigaae aone
their duty as did Ckpt. Edward Anderson,
the command would have
promptly assembled and gone to the
scone of the riot. I will say that there
are about twenty thousand dollars in
cash or securities belonging to this
brigade, which, can be used to arm and
equip other men within the city of
Charleston. A good battalion is all
that is needed there, and I am sure
the material exists to form one which
will obey orders hereafter and wipe
off the stigma now resting on the
military of that city.
It pains me to make known, a further
instance of gross insubordination
and, indeed, outrageous insolence, on
the part of the officers of the oldest
sin/l mrxjf nntprl mih'tnrv Wimmnv in
the State. tThe Washington Light
Infantry was ordered, along with the
other companies, to give up its arms.
This it declined to do, claiming them
as private property. It will take too
much space to enter into details and
give the grounds upon which .this
claim rests. After consulting the records
and conferring with the Attorney-General,
the order to surrender
the arms was renewed, and again disobeyed.
But the matter did not rsst
here. A temporary injunction was
sued out before Judge Goff, of the
United States Circuit Court, restraining
"One B. R. Tillman, calling himself
Governor of South Carolina, from
seizing or in any way interferring
with the possession by the company of
the arms in question." The' case was
a?niwl ViAfnvA flip .Tiirlw at Baltimore
^ o"
by the Attorney-General, who presen
ted for the consideration of Judge
GofT the following official papers:
[Here follows the opinion of Attorney-General
Olney to the effect that
the arms of the Washington Light
Infantry are held by the State for the
use of the whole body of the State militia,
as the State authorities may direct.
Also, a letter from the Assistant
Secretary of War, to the same effect.]
These papers show conclusively that
the arms are State property, subject
to the disposition and orders of the
Governor, and a prompt decision to
that effect from the bench was
what we had a right to expect. But
the honorable Judge "took the papers"
and has them yet. No decision
has been rendered, and after next
week B. R. Tillman can no longer
"call himself Governor of South Car"
tt
onna. xierem lies me uirtv wiua. sa>
which Judge Golf has lent himself.
One would have supposed that he had
too much self-respect and regard for
his high office to descend so low. I
can only surmise as^ to motives and the
source of his inspiration. Judge Simonton
and Brawley, of that court
and cult, are citizens of Charleston.
The former an honorary member of
the "Washington Light Infantry, and
was formerly, I think, its captain. If
there had been any merit in the case,
one or the other of the judges would
have been the natural judicial officer
to ask for relief. That the case was
carried abroad shows clearly that one
or both refused to hear it. But that
the decision had been reserved in this
nno/?/?/Yn?+aKI/i on/1 rmtwa.O'AmiS WAV nl
most proves that judicial influences
have been at work to postpone action
till one "B. R. Tillman calling himself
Governor, "etc., has been gotten out of
the way. It may be that my successor
will be served with a similar order; for
the judges of the United States Courts
are a law unto themselves, it seems,
and glory in acts of usurpation and
tyrany. It may be that this company's
charter will be left undisturbed, and its
organization remain as part of the
State militia. I think, however, that it
should be disbanded, and its affairs as
a corporation wound up. I would have
been willing, after a time, to allow a
reorganization and restoration of the
company as punishment enough for
its refusal to go to Darlington: but
the second act of mutiny and insult to
the State and its Executive is too much
To be possessors of old historic names
is a grand heritage. To assist in
maintaining an organization with
such proud memories and so glorious
a history is a worthy ambition. It is
a pity to destroy what is so old, so
linked with the State's glorious past
but an example should be made. Thes*"
men have been false to every obligation
of duty: have disobeyed the ojrder
of the Commander-in-Chief; havt> insulted
the Governor; and, wrapped in
the cloud of their self-idoaltry. tliey
>
L
depend 011 social, political and judicial
influences to save them, from deserved
disgrace and punishment. The General
Assembly alone can deal with them,
and can do it in spite of Judge Go!?.
ENFORCEMENT OF THE DISPENSARY LAW.
Governor Tillman next reviews the
coursc of things under the Dispensary
Law from the time when it was declared
by the Supreme Court to be unconstitutional
till the reopening of the
j dispensaries: He savs:
But while I obevetl what I thought
J was the law under the decision of the
Court, I resolved to thwart the Court
if I could, and every effort was put
forth to prevent the Act of 1893 from
coming before the Court as it was then
constituted. In the meantime we had
a whiskey deluge. During the period
from July 1st, 1893, when the dispensary
law went into effect, to April 21st.
1894, when it was suspended, two hundred
and seventy-seven United States
| retail licenses were issued. In the time
A /li'orvanoowac1 tr/>!/\co/1 Ar^ril 91 I
to August 1st, 1,474 were issuetf. All
the old dealers?those who had left
the State and those who remained*?
laid in stocks. Men who had never
sold liquor went into the business, and
at every town, hamlet and cross-roads
almost, whiskey could be bought,
with no effort at concealment.
Prohibition ha<l come. By judicial
enactment, it is true, but nevertheless
prohibition. But the prohibitionist
who had fought the dispensary and
refused to "touchthe unclean tiling/'
looked on in silent amazement and disgust.
He had worked for prohibition,
had prayed for prohibition, and now
that the dream had come to a realization,
not an angel Of light met his
gaze, but an abortion, a jubilant demon,
whojeered and laughed as he
polished his bar glasses and cried
"What are you goingto do about it?"
Like Fear, in Collins' Ode,
"He back recoiled, he knew not why.
Even at the sound himself had made."
and felt that the
"Reign of chaos and Old Night''
had come,
. It is safe to say that of the men who
voted for Prohibition in 1892 not one
thousand remain who believe that prohibition
is practicable.
The stock of liquors on hand at the
State dispensary, with other necessarysupplies,
was valued at$99,601.26, and
the amount held at the several dispensaries
was $96,932.72 while the debts
due by the State Commissionerjamount
ed to $S4,528.93. These liquors were
being held at a heavy expense for
rent, salaries, insurence, etc., while
the State was flooded with liquor sold
contrary to law. The act of 1893 had
been ignored by the court in two
cases, and a change in the court made
me feel it to be my duty to revive the
act of 1893 and test the question of its
constitutionality once for all. So July
22d I issued a proclamation ordering
the dispensaries to be reopened August
1st, and -warning all public carriers
and illicit dealers to obey the
law. The constabulary had been dismissed
April 21st, The force was reorganized
about the middle of August
and put to work, being: gradually increased
and instructed to close down
on the liquor sellers by degrees. Every
facility was offered those so desiring
to get rid of their liquors and ship them
out of the State.
At this time I have sixtv-five men
employed as constables ancl detectives,
and the expense has been very heavy.
But it was to be expected that both
time and work would be required to
rpern in t.bft Inst. ormind_ and reach even
the position occupied 21st April, when
the illicit traffic had almost ceased in
three-fourths of the counties. That
the constables have been active, and
that most of them have been well
chosen, is shown to the results of their
work. The contraband liquors seized
and confiscated are valued by the Commissioner
at $11,451, and a good deal
of other property is in the hands of the
Courts awaiting the results of the trials
under Section 22, for maintaining
nuisances,
"The Governor next reviews the
different cased arising, in the courts,
out of the Dispensary law?stating
I these as they have already appeared in
the public prints He recommendes.
I 1. That some means be devised to
control distilling, without the embar'
? - ?uv.
j rassment or any seeming uumnuL wnu
the Federal governor. ,
j 2. That an additional bookkeeper
be employed, who shall also be secretary
of the State Board of Control.
3. That Clemson College be incorporated,
for purposes of police control?
such control extending the boundaries
through a radius of five miles?this
to control the liquor traffic at Pendleton
and other adjacent points.
4. That a system of metropolitan
police be provided for Charleston, and
for other cities^as conditions may
seem to demand. ?.
5. That the Governor should have
have power to suspend solicitors and
i Sheriffs when these shall appear to
have neglected their duty. [This recommendation
arrises out of the conviction
of the constable Bladon, in
Spartanburg?whom, says Governor
Tillman, "any but a crazy or
corrupt jury would have acquitted
| without leaving their seats"
j THE DISPENSARY AS A BUSINESS.
The Governor gives the following
figures showing tne workings of the
State Dispensary since its start:
I Abstract'Novejnber 1st.
Total cost of liquors $416,853.12
Total expenses 207,056.15
Total sale to dispensers.... 694,271.69
Amount due by dispensers
to;State 106,*96.42
Amount cash received from
dispensers 553,811.13
Amount cash all other sources
10,865.26
Total cash ?564,676.39
Stock at State Dispensary
(wholesale) 55,455.59
Amount due by State Dispensary
43,815.26
Value of assets over liabilities
147.694.93
From which deduct State
appropriation 50,000.00
Net profits ? 97,694.93
The three heaviest items of expense
are:
Constabulary $ 49,S53.34
Bottles, demijohns and kegs. 53,999.72
Freights 55,999.72
At the business of the county dispensaries
the Governor makes the following
statement:
Total amount purchased
from State by all the dissaries
?671,555.59
Total amount of sa]es, invoice
price 573,578.3S
Total sales to consumers
(county profit added)... .$679,222.SS
Gross profits 165,355.40
Total expenses SS,4S0.15
Total net profits. $ 76,775.25
Expenses of dispensaries while
closea, included above, $9,690.49.
During the quarter ending October
31 sixteen new dispensaries were run
at a loss, amounting in the aggregate
10 y/.
This was caused by the illicit sale of
liquor in competition, and the hard
times reducing consumption. It is not
likely that the next quarter will show
any such condition. If so, all such
should have salaries reduced and expenses
cut down, or be discontinued.
There are open now in the State sixty-nine
dispensaries, all told. The
total profit by the county dispensaries,
net, is $76,770.23. Of course out of
this must come the expenses during
the time the dispensaries were not .
opcu. and it will take some time in *
some counties to pay otf this debt. It
must be understood tnat me prom
claimed by the State dispensaries is ail t
invested in stock?liquor on hand in
Columbia and at all the local dispensaries.
The tinancial condition of the 1
State dispensary is fast reaching a }
point where cash can be paid for ev- j
erything and no accounts be run on
credit, and in a few months the ?50,000
can be turned back into the treas- ]
ury, and later on the profits can be ^
turned in to the gemeral fund for use
the same as taxes. (
EDUCATION. <
The Governor carefully reviews the i
condition and the operations of the f
several educational institutions sup- f
ported by the State. He shows that
the total appropriations required or ]
asked for by the four colleges will ag- i
gregate something like this: i
South Carolina College ?30.000 i
Citadel : 23.429 (
Clemson 35,000 i
Winthrop College at Rock Hill 75,000 i
Winthroy Normal School. Co
mmuia u,iw i
i
Aggregating c.?169,129 s
He thinks that the cost of maintain- ?
ing these institutions must, in some i
way, be curtailed, and that the pro- t
fessors' salaries should be reduced. \
The beneficiary system, both in the <
college and the Citadel, needs revision
and improvement. He thinks that j
the allowance to the Citadel beneficia- i
ries should be reduced from $300 to s
?150, the number of beneficiaries t
doubled, and each required to pay a
part of his expenses at the institution, t
IN GENERAL. *
The lunatic asylum has been prudently
and efficiently managed. The
daily average of patients during the
year has been 798, maintained at an
average annual cost of $132.80.
The penitentiary had, on October
31st, 1,062 prisoners. The operations
of the prison show, on that day, a net
balance of $27,302.54.
The States income from all sources,
for the fiscal vear ended Nov. 1, was
$1,061,100.17/
The law's delays?the sloth of the
courts in dealing with crime?the
Governor gives as a fruitful source of
lynchings.
CONCLUSION.
A few words in conclusion ana I ,
have done.' Nine years ago I began s
the agitation of certain reforms looking
to the education and upbuilding
of the agricultural interests. Without
intending it and almost before I knew
it, things had shaped themselves into
a political movement, directed to reforming
abuses in our governmental
affairs. The people were ift a restless
and dissatisfied condition, and as year
after year their just demands were ignored,
and the oligarchy controlling
the State government grew more and
more insolent in refusing to recognize
what were felt to be reasonable and
proper reforms, the feeling of resentment
grew stronger and stronger, and
the movement gathered impetus. By
1890 there was a perfect ground-swell,
resulting in revolution and the retirement
of all old leaders. An untried
man, fresh from the plow and without
any experience whatever in public affairs,
I was elected Governor. I had
foreseen and predicted the dogged opposition
that I would have to endure,
severe adverse criticism and a most
malignant and slanderous warfare.
Whether I was a prophet or not the
history of the past four years will tell.
The "long, rough, rocky and stumpy
road to the executive mansion" was
iw>nnllA<l lOOn o?zl +V> o /lomnoirm
| IL <% V CliV^U. IIJL JLU^V, CfcAXH .
of 1892, in which I asked the people
for a vindication and a vote of confi-.
dence, can be best described as a triump'hal
procession, in which a majority
of 22,000 of the white men in this
State marched at my back to show '
their determination that Democracy in
South Carolina meant the rule of the
majority, and that the people were determined
to govern themselves.
Since I have been chief magistrate
of South Carolina I have had more *
complex questions of grave consequence
to deal with, have been confronted
with greater problems pressing
for - solution, than have marked
the civil history of the State during
all the balance of its existence. In the
discharge of my official duty I have
known but'one rule, the welfare of
the people and the honor of the State.
I have defended its honor and dignity
to the best of my ability. When a
question would arise I have asked myself,
"Is this good for the State? Is it
right?" And when my conscience has
approved I have moved forward, without
regard to consequences.
I had no selfish motive in accepting
the leadership and running for Governor.
I have worked harder for the
State than I ever worked for myself.
I take this opportunity of expressing
my gratitude to the "people for the
love thev have shown me and the I
confidence which they have displayed. ^
That love and confidence and a clear
conscience have been my shield from
the darts of envy and malice which
have been thrown so relentlessly, and
I leave the office with the consciousness
of having discharged my duty as
I saw it, and an absolute confidence
that the just historian of the future
will sustain my good name and give
due credit for those things which I,
in obedience to the will of the people,
and sustained by them, have accomplished.
I must also thank my coadjutors
in the State House for their
uniform courtesy and zealous co-operation.
Without their active help I
must have oft times failed.
I am glad to be relieved of the
burden, which has pressed upon me at
times with a weight, wmcn no man
living can conceive who has not been ^
similarly situated. ^
j With charity towards my enemies, (
who have hated me, I know not why; ^
with love and gratitude to my thousands
of friends, I return my commis- 1
sion to the people who gave it, proud
of the consciousness that most of those i
who put me in office are still my \
staunch supporters while I have wrung
from my enemies at least respect. My (
record as Governor is made.
"What is write is write,
Would it wore worthier." ,
Respectfully,
B. R. Tillman Governor.
The Browns Acquitted.
Barnwell, S. C., Nov. 24.?''Not J
guilty." That was the verdict of the
jury in the case of Messrs. 1
Simon, Isadore and Herman J
Brown, charged with the murder of
State Counstable John Gribbins. At ]
2 o'clock this afternoon the jury, af- \
ter being out exactly one hour, entered ?
the court, and the foreman. Col. Laur- (
ence W. Youmans. announced that
" > i s
they nan agreea upon a, veruiuu jluc
judge ordered the cleric to read it. Mr. (
W. Gilmor* Sims took the indictment ?
and read from the back of it. "The 1
State, vs. Simon, Isadore and Herman 1
Brown, charged "with murder. We the !
jury find the defendants not guilty." *
The eminent and wealthy colored c
head-waiter that the Brooklynites objected
to living in the neighborhood e
with, and the noted and eloquent ?
colored woman lecturer that the C hica- t
go society woman declined to sit in 1
club with, might do well to get together t
and compare notes on northern admira- i
tion for the colored race in precept and ]
in practice. . <
1 V
FOR THE FARMERS. j
dii Important Report from tlie Georgia j
r a^nccuurai VOXUBllllCC*
How can the farmers of Georgia better
tlieir present condition?
How can they secure a better crop 1
arice for their cotton crop and liow j
utilize the resources which are at their j
lands to the best advantage?
The house committee of the Georgia j
Legislature 011 general agriculture has 1
seen discussing these questions, which j:
jarae to them through the introduction | (
)f a series of resolutions or rather of a j
nemorial in that shape which came J
Tom certain farmers of Putnam Coun- i
Chairman Brown, of the committee, j1
resterday submitted the report, which '
;vas in the nature of a substitute set of J!
esolutions and which will be found of j1
nterest, not only to the fanners of {'
jreorgia and of the other States of the ;:
South, but to the merchants, the busi-;*
less men, in fact everybody. !3
The resolutions were drawn by Chan*- i ]
nan Brown, who is one of Pulaski's !J
epresentatives and one of the most j1
;uccessful farmers of Georgia. They j ^
:ontain his ideas and those of other <
nembers of the committee and are wor-!1
hy of serious consideration by the ' '
>eople of the State. The report of the j ^
lommittee is as follows: '
Recognizing and deploring the de- j
jressed condition of agriculture in this : I
state and desirous of alleviating the j'
ame we offer the following remedy as
he sense of this committee: j J
We will waste 110 time in discussing ; j
he cause. The disease is upon us, be- j <
ng felt in every farmhouse in Georgia, ;
;oon to reach the center of every town. \
)ur expense account has been greater (
han our income. We must cut down ixpenses
or increase the revenue, or J
neet bankruptcy surely and swiftly. <
looking to cotton as our source of reve- ]
lue, it is impossible to increase the in- '
:ome by increased production, when a ! <
)ig crop will bring less than a small i
>ne. Therefore we would advise the (
lowing of oats, wheat and rye, in abun- ;
lance, at least ten acres to the plow, be'ore
Christmas, if possible, if not the
irst thing in January. Prepare well
ma sow on good land, witn a view 10 .
>asturing the same or of cutting hay j ;
liter removing grain. Then prepare {*
hree-fourths of your land for corn, 11
proundpeas and fieldpeas; keep cotton I'
?ed and manure corn. It will not I j
)av to sell them at pressent prices. Plant :
vegetables, sugarcane, potatoes, etc.
3o not plant over ten acres of cotton :
o the plow. <
Do not use any commercial fertiliz- 1
irs; clean out the fence corners; haul
itter in cow lots and horse lots, etc. <
tVe have used 300,000 tons of guano \
;his year, costing about $6,000,000, \
aking one- third of the cotton crop of ,
he State to pay for it. We recognize j
hat it will increase the crop, but abun- lance
now means poverty to the pro- <
lucer. Why we can't understand, }
ve simply deal with facts. At a fixed \
>rice of 8 cents we would advise the }
lse of guano, but when increased pro- :
luction reduces the price to 5 cents, .
;hen it is suicidal to use it. If all cot- '
on-growing States would unite with
is (and we hereby implore them) and
efuse to use guano next year, we
vould reduce the crop in our judg
nent from nine to six million bales,
md obtain more for six millions than i
;or nine million bales, besides saving :
;he guano bill. It is'spt profitable-to,
>uy guano and pay for ^Xtj^jtir^cent
:otton, even witn a gooa crop; wivu u
joor crop it would simply mean deduction.
Buy no wagons, no buggies,
10 mules, nor horses unless you are
>ut of debt and can pay cash; econonize
in every way.
The above plan \pll bring1 more hogs,
nore beef, more milk and better, more
chickens and effgs, more colts; would
equire less labor. less expense, less
mxiety, less risk. It will bring more
noney. pay back debts, bring peace,
continuous prosperity and independ- ;
;nce to the farmers of Georgia and the i
South. 1
We would ask our fellow citizens of
ivery calling to aid us in our honest
ifforts for relief. We would ask mer;hants
and bankers to be as lenient
is possible. The cotton has come and
jone, the bales were there but the
jrice was lacking, though through no
:ault of merchant or farmer, we therefore
would counsel forbearance from
To- j. _ J .Li. I
;reaitor to ueutur, iui mc icumcio w
jreorgia are ail honest debt paying ;
people, and while many are now un- ,
tble to pay, it is not due to a lack"of
lisposition. We would ask our towns J
people to buy all their supplies possi- \
>le from their customers. In many j
;ections we have bread, meat beef,
ard, corn, hay and provisions of all I
dnds?enough for country and town? 1
md we would ask our merchants to
mcourage farmers to produce these
;hings by buying from tnem instead of
mporting the same. In other words
et our people live amongst them- |
.elves as much as possible. We have
nade the money, but sent it away
'rom home, never to return until we i
:hange our methods. I
On this line we would say that our
:otton should be spun at home. Our
vagons made, buggies, shoes, furni- i
+V>of mnnor ir? '
' Ui Cj OV UJulttV Ui.ViJ.VJ ^AWVI v^vwv. .
>eor^ia would stay in Georgia. We
yould also advocate any policy on the
3art of our State that would lend to
:he upbuilding and support of factories
)f all kinds in our midst. Their employees
would furnish consumers of
>ur products and add value to every
icre of farm land in Georgia. We beieve
that packing houses established
n our largest cities would pay. Let
;hem be established and we -will furlish
the beef and pork.
By following the above suggestions
ve "believe that we can escape from
he slough of despond and the clutches
)f poverty, and ere long stand upon
he high ground of contentment and
prosperity.
In the meantime we would counsel
patience. Let us not become desperite,
"for whom the gods wish to de:tmv
thftv first make mad."'
Our country is peculiarly adapted to
liversified ageiculture, unexcelled in
-he variety of its products or the perfection
of their growth. "We have
.vater powers and raw materials. Our
:limate invites all who would do field
>r factory work.*The opportunity are
,vith us, and it is with us as to
.vhetlier we use them or not. We
,hink we are on the right direction
,vith onr technological schools, our
jommon schools and colleges. Our
owns will yet hum with machinery
mder the direction of our own boys, j
tnd the earth will yield forth its more
ibundant fruit to the more enlightenjd
touch of the husbandman.
We have an abiding faith in the pos;ibilities
and the future development
)f our country. We would hasten the I
lav when contentment would prevail j
n the hearts and prosperity would
eign in the houses of our people. Let <
is. therefore, to the -work like men.
jelieving in the resources at our comnand
and an abiding faith in tha wislom
and justice of an all-wise God. <
In order to carry these ideas into
ixecution and have them disseminated
imong the people, we ask every paper,
laily and weekly in the South, to pubish
them, and request that some pariotic
citizen would call a mass meetng
at everv county seat, regardless of
jarty or color, and advocate the prm:iples
herein set forth.
- '
f
* ,-V
A,Carless Gunner.
New Brunswick, X. J., Nov. 29.? ' %
By the accidental discharee of a gun 'Jtduring
the Thanksgiving Say shoot off
the Eastside Rod and Gun Club this Jj
afternoon, two men were fatally injured
and a third so seriously wounded " %
that the surgeons say he will lose his
sight. While the shooting match was
in progress Henry V. McCauley, a
member of the club, was standing with
a party of friends loading a gun preparatory
to taking his plaice at the
traps. After placing the loaded shells
in the <nin he closed it with a snap.
As the outt of the barrels struck the
breetch both shells exploded. "William
Grriggs. aged 2S, a shoe manufacturer^-^
who was standing nearest to McCaulev,
received almost the entire load of
shot from one shell in his right tempie
and fell to the ground without ut^fl
tering a sound. George HotzwortiM
iS years of age, a ship captain,
stood near by, was also wound?
the right temple, and Willaim m
ver, received a part of the load fl 9
second shell in the face, several oa
shot entering his eyes. The wasrf^M
rrif>r? \tpw rprnovw) to the W^TTs Hal
pital, where at a late liour Griggs ant^B
Sotzworth were sait: io be dying, and V
that Hoover, if he recovered would V
be blind. The aecident caused much V
excitement among the crowd of about
3ne thousand persons present and
several ladies fainted. !so arrest has
been made and McCauley when he
saw the victims of the accident in the
hospital, was much overcome with
grief and went as though his heart
would break. . '
A Fatal Fire. *
I St. Louis,Mo.,Nov.30.-At midnight 3.
fire was discovered in the residence
>f Jacob Schuttcnhelm, 6106 Prescott
ivenue. There were four occupants of ^
;he dwelling. Schuitenhelm escaped
leath, but suffered serious injury in
jumping from the second story winlow.
-'Mrs. Schuttenhehp. and two ihildren,
Jacob, Jr.. aged 4, and Orlando,
aged 3, were burned to a crisp.
rhe fire caught front a defective flue.
Schnttenhelm was employed by the
water works in the north end of the A
jity and had return<id from work but
i half hour when the fire broke out.
Thirteen Persoa* Poisoned.
Atlanta, Ga.. Nov. 29.?Thirteen?
persons on Bud Turner's plantation
near Calhoun. Ga., were poisoned tfl
day. All of the Turner family |fl
desperately ill and several of tihe A
vantsare very sick. The symptfl
indicate arsenical poisoning- Atfl
it thought that fresh hog nfl
had caused the illness of the farqH
ind an investigation is being madeH
iiscover trichinae, but thus far nj|
trace of it has been found.
The United States regular army
seems to be improving mentally, morilly
and physically. The last report
m its condition shows that more %
fou tig men of American birth are en-. ?:
listing. The recruiting officers are ^ ^ '
ilfX) becoming more particuler in their ~ ^ ' >
election of soldiers. During the last
j seal year 82 per cent of all applicants
:or enlistment were rejected. Good
noral character and sober habits are
low necessarv qualifications. -v
" i.
FiBSEf f PATS m FREGBl cM
W&j raf ftkm te Mi Mm
Stud ter CfetegM of 3m WW Ui Cm M CM
coo for tbis ' .. 3
o 13-gamm ?ga
Bzssscse sro-ooabinline
of Bureau, feRTJt5??l ft" .1 | If ^gjm
I-ledstead A Wa?h- ^^53 L r -JH
stand?worth Qk
SalU, *n pile?. ' v_
9ium.^
Klecsat Plash ?ARLDB 8UITS, ormrtrty < 5^
of Sofa, Ann CiaJr, Bgefcjaf Chafa^gtg** JeM
and 2 aide Chain ?worthjfcj?. W1H tfaStal
a Aieft nvw mum
atitachmente, tor -j
-gsangfesfer gBtea
VThe tabular price of t&tM
ttUGQY Is Co to 75 dollars. BIS
rb? manufacturer pays all 'CaWfia
Efeaexpcneea and l nil thus ^ MM
nm to *4.9.78- -8r~_!fl
dfegfb J
Mtwai ?< warteot > a ^1
mfrettht-p^d for$$? "| j
| PIANOS. 1
| ORGANS.
'# um ouuura DLD^tlHl
IMIU'dURMLii Dmiumim w
SpeeUl Sale Snuaisr 1*94.
time to buy Clump mad TUf. StB |L^*
Sp??i*l Saaaw Offer* that torn* ?bOT
neotii V $50
tared every Piano pordiaMV* H
$10 to $20 on e70iy Ozgan. 0
' Ox Spedil Offera en our Ttiptfw Db X "
Summer Ran. Bay la ABfoat, JaptMtibv i|
and OOotar, ud 917 ?tun OaClaa ?M A
Spot Ouh Prkm. Re Zntgnrt. Oaly a X
Small Ouh Payment required, $ ea a O
Piano, $10 00 Organ, balance wxt Vewat- O
berlSUL Loafer flue If inntfa. y
y PayaMott to aolt ? . FtaBM PHt?|
X moaiWy. Organs S* to $&. X
X our MVMaaaar 00?s K*?NfM* 8
Xoaiin pbuu ofpaymwi. fl
c Ibw Tail Lt?d?n mly, lMrt O ?-}
0 ftil Mi Cheap. Toanpl I ! V '-?s
Q Write at one* tor Jfld^uuw #p O
O fin. OHd Mir Heweeebw 1* 0 ;
0 Don't wait. V ?
81 udden & bates
| Southern music mouse, |
8 C SAVANNAH, M. 8 A
"dUi
BICE MILLS. / 9
We offer a concpi^te Rice MlU/ln
a/ a Tha r.inoh?ft Hi
\r\ >*r. :juwvUiu^. i. uv 1 w**w <i*
t?)sced in hopper and comes out
cloned and polished ready for tab'e
use. Machine can be operated
borse power and will clean
100 bushels-of rough rice per day.
:OUN MILLS m
Of the latest design?, vertical ?cd fl
horizjntaJ, double"and single Rear.
;l!?r Mill?;
S.i?' MilJp,
Engircp,
* Girs ard Preasea,* TV
rod vrcrkJng macWnery.
T. ^ SABBAtf. jM
CCI/U31BIA. S.O*
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