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mrtmt rwnw nmTm 'Sa AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT: The Soui ct*s of the Ingredients of Chemical Fertilizer^. ... O 5^ ' ; " POTASH. r> nvi'il;, rA t.r>f-1^,111111 I \J W i v* f One of the bodies abounding in nature. j Is iLLhc. re&ulL of Uie combination ui" j m&Sl "potassium with oxygen/ I is formula is written Ko, because poiassiiim j is also called kaliuni. It :\ras known to (ieber in the ninth j centnrv, bar, was not distinguished j from soda untii 1792 by Its j name is derived from two English words, pot and ashes, because the English were the first to prepare this alkali; industrially by luaching the j ashes of vegetation and evaporating' the j solution in pocs. There are three principal sources of i potash: felaspathic and granitic rocks, i the deposits of rock salt and sea water, | Granites which form whole chains of| mountains and the greater part of the | crusfof the earth contain 15 tr? 20 perj cent, of potash in an insoluble state, It'-f is true, but which can be extracted as j needed and made perfectly soluble. j Deposits .of rock salt, containing I much potash, have been formed by the ! drying of iuiand seas, leaving a de-! posit of all the salts they held in solu-, tion. These were large salt lakes! whose bottoms we.e above the level.of i the snrrounnding waters. The Caspian j sea on accoant of its great depth is siiil a type of these interior seas. There--are important mines of rock salt as Vicliczka in Poland, at (Jordona j (^ataloraa and Stassfurt in Prussia, and ; in America. At the Universal Expo-' j sition in 1867, at Parish, we saw an j immense arch which Prussia had made i In her section with .blocks of rock salt j like shaped stones. If the deposits of rock salt actually known were- concentrated in onfe part i of the globe, they would cover a piece I of ground 120,000 yards wide, SO,000 i yards long and 300 feet thick. This ! mass of soda and potash docs not represent the two hundredth part of these salts contained in the waters covering our globe. Potash is also found abundantly in the form of a nitrate (Ko. No. 5.) on ccrtain soils during the dry season in Bengal, Egypt, at Ceylon, and in some warm parts of h merica. But sea; water alone is an inexhaustible source ! of potash. Formerly sea water was ! thrown back in the sea after cooking I salt was extracted. The usefulness and even the presence of other salts was not suspected. Sea water, when concentrated, deposits its salts according to their degrees of solubility. Sulphate of lime, which is almost iusoluhlp it; firstr. denosited. then cookinsr salt, or chloride of sodium, then sulphate of soda, and lastly the double chloride of potassium and magnesia. In the deposits of rock salt we find j the salts deposited according to order of solubility just as we see it now from salt seas. The eminent Frcnch chemist; Mr^ Balard,. was the first to cud a metHocF of extracting- chioride of potassium from sea water. This salt is usefot only for its potash, but for' agricultural purposes its value'is of the first order. Ordinary sea water contains a two thousandth of its own weight in it. In- treating nitrate of soda by chlo-i ride of potassium we obtain nitrate of j potash, also called nitre or saltpetre, j Nitrate of potash is a perfectly crystal- j lized salt, easily worked and ought always to be used to furnish the potash for chemical fertilizers. It is suitable for all cultures, except perhaps for sugar beets. This exception was dis covered by Prof, fcreorge Vine. The i juice of the beet grown with ahioride | of potassium is purer and crystalizes i better: grown with nitrate of potash a ; part of the jnice takes the form of j glucose or uncrystalized sugar pre- j rents the crystalizing of another pound j of crystalizable sugar. This is due to j the fact that in the fonn of a nitrate) the potash remains in the body of the j beet and passes into the juice, injuring j its crystalization, while in the form of j a chloride the potash towards the close ; of the summer rises into the crown of the plant.and into its leaves which, are cut away when the beet is pulled. The posash in chloride of potassium is cheaper*tban'm nitrate of potash, but the chloride must not be used for certain cultures, and its introduction into the fertilizer unknown to the buyer, is a real deception. Chloride of potassium should never be used for tobacco and Irish potatoes. 1 Nitrate of potash, besides being appiicable to all plants, with the exception of sugar beets, is more valutible, In tb'at it contains two active elements ?potash and nitrogen. It furnishes potash by its base and nitrogen by its aeid;- The nitrate of potash of commerce contains 44 per cent, of pure potash and 13 per cent, of nitrogen, whose value is to be deducted from the net cost of the potash. The chloride of potassium contains 50 per cent, of pure potash. Potash is indispensable to the soil, * > > . .. . , ' ana not only ior tne real part it tuKes Hi the formation of vegetation, its use goes further. ' rUie ph^piiatbs.of.lime and magnesia fnsohiblein water, meeting the potash, form the double phosj^|es,o?]ime and jio^h which are sqlubl&apelc^k passj ?tp tke pXuts.va titrate 6i potash is usect in the composition of gunpowder to as much as three-fonrths-of its weight, making the nitrate scarcer and more costly at times. "When the government makes its purchases the price rises for awhile. (This is one. fact more to increase the a.-:agonism between war and agriculture. v. \ xj> \ . , . / o v .. LIME. "... Lime is formed by the combination : of the metal calcium with oxygen, j Chemically speaking, it is the oxyde of j calcium. It exists in such large ouan- j tfpes in nature that it impossible to | name the quantity. Marbles, plasters andcalcerous matters are in incalculable quantities in all parts of the globe. As we have already said,. lime is the domiuaut of no plant, but is necessary to aU... jnot only enters into the constitution of the plant, but its presence in-the soil improves it. Calcareous prrticles, separating the more or less compact mass of the soil, makes it lighter and thus help the roots to penetrate with greater ease. By the ! medium of plants, lime passes into the . organism of. man and animals to form iVifti? Tn *** 1 \?i'A limn ( ah wuuu ivo ? mu^ is wanting, tbe animals "are small and illformed; tbe- men are small and rickets are a, freqnent disease. lime is most convenient for agricultural use in the form of burnt plaster or anhydrous sulpate of lime. Plaster does net react upon the other ingredients of the-fertilizer and is the most soluble form of lime. Water dissolves two to 1,000 of its weight. Magnesia is very useful to plants and is ^sometimes wanting in the soil, but enough is supplied by the lime of the fertilizer to obviate the necessity of supplying ' it otherwise. Magnesia always" accompanies lime in nature as soda always accompanies potash. 'Sulphate of lime undgergoes a slow but continued decomposition in the < soil. It fires the carbonate of am- j ' monia resulting from rain water and 1 organic detritus. It also forms some i < sulphate of ammonia and carbonate of j I lime. There is no doubt of the enor-, ' icons quantity of sulphuric acid which I < vegetation requires and which plaster !; can furnish it. The proportion of ' sulphuric acid in a crop of lucerne and j! rape goes as high sometimes as So to 4-4 j . pounds per acre. In cabbage it goes ; 5 nr? to 170 pounds per acre. Burnt | piaster is composed of Sulphuric acid id 61 Lime :>2 /iij Water ' .20 94 s. ... I 100 00 i:i 10". i At :i Iviuporalure uf 120 degrees it lo^e-s ivrftur aed 'become* icoofced plaster or mi:i\ uiuu>.sulphate of lime with the i:5i!tty f-.f reabsorb water if added to ii. Then it is ground to a fine powder and is read;, either fur manufkc- j turinjr or for agriculture. It contains :/J per ccnu of sulphuric, and 41 per cent, of {Mire lime or oxyde of calliqm. Lime ilie cheapest term of the complete fertilizer. Pulverized anhydrous plaster >honid j always enter to a slight- excess in j chemical fertilizers where it acts several useful parts. It is a fertilizer aaul an excipient. It helps to improve j the soil, ?ives tiie necessary volume j to the fertilizer and makes it easier to j handle. We see that the four agents of fer- j WILY, nitrogen, pauspnui puuiau andJjiiiC, exist in inexhaustible quantities on the globe and can always be got at. When you have got the first ingredients of a fertilizer, the preparing is a simple mixture based upon the nature ot the culture in view. The fertilizer holds the active principles of the substances composing it. MIXING OK CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS. On a dry, tight and smooth barn floor spread the superphosphate first, then plaster, then the sulphate of ammonia, and lastly thachloride ot potassium or the'nitrate of potash. Mix well with a shovel, pass through a^iove or screen, and mash the small lumps with a pestle to make them mix well. Let the mass stand twenty-four hours and mix again, mashing any lumps that escaped in the former working There are machines costing from $140 to $160 which do all this work at once and in large masses. THE OFFICE OF WATER. The surface of the globe is composed of two couches or layers?one melted, the other crystallized. In the melted couchc the lime, iron, soda and potash flvp all o.ombiiieri with silicia and e.on gealed in blocks. This is chaos and inertia. In the crystallized couche there is sediment; water has intervened ; there has been a separation of certain bodies and a reunion of others. A rudimentary chemical fertilizer has formed naturally and become the theatre of the first manifestations of vegetal life. It has not always rained on the earth. At a time (geologists have not yet determined the period) the gas which enveloped the earth, and which later was to form air and water, was held off at a great distance and very much dilated by the high temperature of the central neucleus. Water was not then formed, and had it been in the form of vapor it could no more have rested on the incandescent globe than the dew can rest on a red-hot cannon ball. "When the terrestrial surface was congealed and cooled, the sun was the only remaining source of active heat; (rnspons matters name nearer. Hvdro geu and oxygen combined (probably with a combustion that long gave our planet the appearance of a sun,) and foamed water which began to run on the wrinkled crust of the globe, at times tossed up and at times depressed by the convulsions of the interior fires which gradually grew more circumscribed in action. Water flowed into the deeper parts and accumulated in large cavities washed them deeper and overflowing the higher parts, washed up the igneous matters lying below. In this way seas and continents were formed. Solar radiations crossed the layers of the atmosphere where they were thinnest over sheets of water and warmed its surface. Aqueous vapors rose imperceptibly to reassemble as clouds. The clouds, put in motion just as they are now, were carried across continents to be dissolved as rain. The rains falling on this mineral crust ended by dissolving and washing it down. It disintegrated the crests of mountains, furrowed their / 1r*rtro e/\ltiKln crolf /\f oiuv^oj vuiiA^vi uvtt a twv cviu yiv ocvib vi lime, potash and soda, and mixing all these agents with the powdered debris it carried down, composed the arable soils of the valleys. Fertility was established; the vegetal kingdom appeared. As the table was spread the guests could be seated. The guests came. Plants were bora by reason of his physiologic axiom: As sooji as thes necessary conditions for the formation of a being are found united, the being is born.! Let us go back in thought to the chaotic period when the still burning globe, throwing out fire from all its centers, moved an uninhabited mass through celestial space. It perhaps took thirty million;; of centimes to prepare the medium for the first useful vegetation.. An immense and slow fallow which science to-day accomplishes instantaneously. There was then neither humus nor manure; what are we to think of the 'short-sighted routine minds of to-dav who" still believe these two substances indispensable to vegetation? It was_the- intervention of water which most contributed to disintegrate and prepare. this jrraiutic"crust. jTsort of mineral almond cake bound together by nieltic silicia, and it is water which still dissolves, the elements of the fertilizer whicfr fakes^-them up and distributes them through the issues of vegetation and contributes eight-tenths of the constitution ;of living beings. To satisfy all the'world we musi have water everywhere, but at different times.'andseasons. Ancient poetry well and gracefully expressed the supreme, poyrer water exercised over life. Venus Is "born of the sea ; this is the most sublime" allegory the human rrunu ever conceived. ..venus, iove, beanty, frniffulness; always beautiful, always voting, ceaseless* mother of loving- beings,;and all powerfnl hi her glorious sliftpiisitvU Such was the earth, arising from the midst of the waters, the first condition of life. Oh, earth! thanks to thy waters which solar activitv takes'np, carries off and distributes over the surface, thou art always living, fruitful and beautiful. Thou art well beloved and enriched by Hie" genius and" the" work of thy children. A Failure in Augusta. John M. Clarke & Sons, flour manufacturers, of Augusta, Ga., have made an assignment. The firm has been heavily embarrassed for months past, and a few weeks since made a transfer of real estate to different creditors amounting to $50,000<ind thought they had so arranged matters as to be able to continue, but on Thursday a bank refused to renew a note and the firm assigned to J. C. Black. Liabilities $40,000, assets unknown, but supposed to be sufficient to cover liabilities. To Get Kid of Misery. What is the. use of suffering from lyspepsia, nervous' prostration or debility, when Brown's Iron Bitters will tone you up and cast these horrors Dut? There is joy "in every bottle of this: valuable tonic.;,It makes bad blood good, and bids dismal people be :heerful. It brings good cheer to the Sinner table, anil makes the family happy. It drives away the blues, and ; helps you to enjoy a hearty laugh. And all the respectable druggists keep < It. - I LYNCH. LAW IN EDGEFIELD. I A SUSPECTED MURDESEB SHOT TO ; DEATH BY MASKED "MEN. The Alleged Assagfcln of tt'illlaui Hammond Ucccui.il from the Oflicer. of the JLhw and Lynched -Indignation of the fcoyle. (From trie Columbia Register.) Trenton, S. C., September 22.?The Register in its issue of September 18th contained an account cf the dastardly work of the assassin who robbed young Hammond of his life on the night of I21h instant, since whichfime the peo'ple'in the neighborhood of Mrs. CulbreatU's, at whose house the murder was committed, have been wild with excitement. Yesterday morning Trial Justice Glover issued a warrant for the arrest of O. T. (Julbreath, and a deputy sheriff brought him to the village the same cvewing, without resistance on his part. On the arrival of the prisoner at the Court House he was asked to be allowed a consultation with hi? lawyers, Messrs. Gary & Evans, to whose office they proceeded. In a verv few minutes thereafter several masked men rushed into the office and demanded 'he prisoner at the muzzle of their revolvers, whereupon Mr.Cnlbreath fired upon his assailants and in return was shot in the right arm, breaking the same above the elbow. The crowd was overpowering in numbers and they succeeded with little difficulty in capturing their vlnim^ who was carried a short distance frorn the village and shot several times. The shooting, it is said, could be heard from Edgefield. The sheriff, failing to collect a posse sufficient to reclaim his prisoner in time to save him, proceeded with two or three others in the direction from whence the sounds of the pistol shots came, but ere they reached the fatal spot they met the object of the lynchers' hatred toddling his wray back* to the village, drenched in his life's blood. He received ail the assistance that the faithful sheriff could render and was soon under the treatment of Drs. Hill and Jennings. Culbreath was the husband of Mrs. Fannie Culbreath. a verv estimable ladv, who, it is said, he treated very badly, consequent upon which they separated aud had not lived together for two years. This, together with the slanderous reports Culbreath about his wife and the open threat that he would kill Hammond, left 110 doubt in the minds of Hammond's friends that Culbreath was the perpetrator of the foul murder. It is the prevailing opinion that Mrs. Culbreath was faithful to her marriage vows and that the reports of inconstancy circulated by her husband were the outgrowth of a jealous heart. Culbreath lived until about 4 o'clock, a. m., in the greatest agour and protested his innocence to the last. He said that he recognizod two of his assailants, but their names are withheld. Old citizens pronounce this the first lynching that ever occurred in the rnmitv IVo hrtrw normr tn Viatre another. / Clintonward, September 23. - The proposed indignation meeting at Edgefield tn regard to the Culbreath affair was not held, but was postponed. The jury of inquest will resume its sitting to-morrow and will try to render a verdict. Excitement runs high and everybody throughout the surrounding couatry seems to be open-mouthed in denouncing the outrage. Some parties are spoken -of as the perpetrator of this awful deed and there is some talk of ( arrests. The affair is to be much re- 1 gretted, as all the families concerned are among the best in the county. Trenton, September 24.?The jury in (he coroner's inquest over the body of Culbreath, who fell a victim to i lynch law, convened to-day, and Mr. James Mitns, a very reliable young ; man, gave as eviueuce, JLU a it-ariesa and commendable manner, that on the ; day of the lynching he was at Antioch i Church, about eight miles from the court-house, making some repairs on his father's grave, when he noticed ( passing in easy hearing distance some eight or ten mounted men, some of ( whom were partially disguised, though not sufficiently so to avoid identifica- j tion; that some of them spoke to him, i calling him, calling him by name. Those whom he mentioned as recog- ] nized by him are Joseph Talbert, W. i L. McDaniel, W. L. Holmes, Dr. W. ] E. Prescott, Wm. Parkman, Memphis i Culbreath, Lou Prescott, Ned Bussey, < "One-eved" Wilson, and Collier Hammond, only three of whom were dis- < guised. That a few minutes after this he saw Luther Bell and D. A. (x. Bell, ] Jr., standing in a pine thicket, who s inquired if a crowd had passed. Mims ( answered yes, and called the names of 1 some of them. They replied that it, : was their crowd and went in pursuit i toward the court-house, saving that ; fney were going- to iaKe "aim" irom j the" constable and see if something could hot be found out about, the murder. Dr. Hill, one of Calbreath's physi- ] cians, testified that his patient told him that BUI Parkman shot him in Gary's office, and Parkman and Wvatt Holmes ( carried him out to the slaughter pen. ] This testimony is corroborated by < others. < Tlie Mr. Talbert mentioned by Mr. Mims is Senator Talbert, and in justice < to him I give his denial of having any ( connection with the lynching what- < ever. He says that Mr. Mims is cer- i tainly mistaken as to himself, as on the < evening of Culbreath's murder he was ( confined to a sick bed and bad Dr. ? Key to attend him. . Trenton, September 25.?Mr. D.D. Barr, who lives in the vicinity of Antioch Church, testified to the C'oro- i ner's to-day in the Cnlbreath case as follows: That on Monday evening his i servants, as usual, were on their way t to his pasture to drive up his stock . when tney saw a crowd 01 men m nis pasture, at whose presence they were J frightened back to the honse, "where- r upon he weut himself, and on his way met Wyatt Holmes, George Vance and Steve Hammond, while they were t drinking water at the branch; that Holmes told him they had two hundred more men aloug out in the woods; that he started in the direction therof and was advised by Holmes not to go, f and he therefore returned home. That s on Monday night about 10 o'clock he was aroused and called out and saw 1] three men, one of whom was Wyatt ^ Holmes, who cautioned him to keep t his mouth shut. t H. Wood testified that on Monday h evening he saw a crowd of men in the i vicinity of Antioch Church, among s whom he recognized Ned Bossev, Col- D lier Hammond, Pat Bnssey, George ^ Vance, D. Bussev, Jasper Talbert and <] lhrpft nf fho Holmes hnvs. whose r>. names be could not recall. h Other witnesses testified to having recognized most of the parties mentioned. The verdict of tbe jury is: "That the deceased, O. T. Culbreatb, came o to his death from gunshot wounds in 1: the hands of William Parkmp.n?Wvatt t Holmes and others unknown to the s jury being accessories thereto." k ?Two or three Mormom Elders, who have been sedulously laboring , in the upper part of Spartanburg, ^ were waited upon by a party of enrag- t] ed citizens and one of them severely ? whipped, while the others ran off. 55s. ;> THE JNEW YORK HE PUBLICANS. Jlentinsr of the State Convention at Sara, tojja-They Xalce up the Refrain of tho Eloody-Shirt Howl. Saratoga, N. Y., September 22.? TliC Kepublican State Convention met here to-day to nominate the following ticket: Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, Comptroller, Attorney General, Treasurer and State Engineer and Surveyor. At 12.20, p. ni., James D. Warren, Chairman of the State Committee, called the con vention to oraer. me itev. Dr. b. v. Leach, of Albany invoked the Divine blessing upon the labors of the' convention. He implored that the hands of I he President and other members of the Federal Government be upheld by grajc from above The reverend gentleman also alluded to the delegates present as "representatives of the party which blotted out the irreligion of slavery from the nation." The roll having been callcd, Chairman Warren announced that the State Committee had agreed upon Senator Warner Miller for temporary chair man of the convention. (Applause.) The chair appointed lion. A. B. Cornell and United States Senator Elbridge M. Lapham to escort him to the chair. Referring to the political complexion of the Southern States, Mr. Miller maintained that throughout the length and breadth of that land there wasn't to be found a single government which holds the reins by the will of the people. "The Republicans, lie said, "to prove this statement only asked for a fair field and a fair fight." Continuing, in reference to alleged illegal balloting in the South, Mr. Miller said that the men who have managed the polls in that section would not continue to do the work wuuuui pay. upun uie qucsnuii ui the civil service of the government Mr. Miller said the Republican party had put the law into practical use and were committed to it. He would suggest, however, that the Civil Service Commission be at once summoned together and directed to add a clause providing that "All jail birds and ex-convicts are forbidden to hold office."' This he thought would greatly relieve the President of the United States. A recess was taken until 4.30. The convention was again called to order at 4.50, p. in. James W. Husted was made permanent chairman. At the conclusion of Husfed's speech on taking the chair the convention proceeded to nominate a candidate for Governor. The following were named' Ira Davenport, Levi P. Morton, Joseph B. Carr, James D. Warren, Dr. John Swinburne, Joseph W. Drexel, Cornelius N. Bliss, Gen. "VV. H. Sard. Balloting was then proceeded with. The first ballot resulted as follows: Davenport 105, Carr 205, Morton 42, Seward 57, Swinburne 32. Low 16, warren 10/, urexen, ouss on, uornen 4, Evarts 1, Starin o, Charles Andrews 1. Whole number of votes cast 691. At the conclusion of the first ballot the convention, at 8.30, p. m., adjourned until to-morrow. Saratgga, September 23.?The second day of the New York State Republican Convention opened cold and stormy. During the night there were many conferences. The committee on resolutions heard several delegations during the night and worked till a late hour on the platform. The chaplain of the Senate, the Rev. Dr. S. V. Leech, urged the committee to take a square and bold stand on the temperence question and to rccoramend a constitutional amendment. The majority of the committee express opposion to the introduction of-any temperance plank in the platform. Saratoga, September 23.?The hour of assembling appeared to be rather early for the majority of the delegates. They strolled in the hall very siowly, and it was not until half-past ten that the chaplain offered prayer. Immediately thereafter ex-Assemblyman David Healy, of MoBroe, was voted permission to address the convention. He warned the convention that mere promises were useless. The convention (Democratic) that meets to-morrow rateht outbid the one that adjourns to-ciay. Gen. Sharp rose at the close of Mr. Healy's address and moved that the committee on resolutions be instructed to consider the points raised, and, if deemed advisable, embody them in the platform. The chairman of the committee on resolutions, Col. Bliss, replied that the platforfa had already been agreed upon. He believed that the laboring men would find on reading it that the points raised by Mr. Healy bad been fully recognized. The comA/% An nAnA?n f 1 Ann fUnAiirt-k lllltl/CC V11 1 lliCllj WliUU?ll Chairman Bliss, reported the platform. When the clause relating to preference of office to be given ex-soldiers was read Corporal Tanner, of Brooklyn, inquired if that meant that if a soldier passed examination that proved his competency he should be appointed, even if.a collegc graduate ot yesterday should pass at higher figares. "It does," quickly replied Col. Bliss. "If a soldier passes 80 and a dude 100, the soidier gets the place." [Great applause aud laughter.] Many of the clauses in the platform were applauded, notably the one referring to convict labor. The platform was unanimously adopted. James \V. Wadsworth, of Livingston lounty, was nominated for Comptroller by acclamation. Anson S Wood, Df Franklin county, was nominated for Secretary of State by acclamation. Saratoga, September 23.?Davenport was nominated for Governor, Gen. 3arr for Lieutenant Governor, Major Jharles Ulrich, of New York, for state Treasurer, Edward B. Thomas, )f Chenango county, for Attorney u \r?.. juncicii tiliu tt nilin i. v tin iii'iib* >iaer for State Engineer. A Sickening Story from Ohio. Several carcasses of diseased pork lave been seized in the Akron, Ohio, narkets. An investigation shows that log cholera exists in every quarter of he county, several hundred porkers >eiug down with the disease. As soon is It appears, the owners kill the tffiicted hogs and send them to market, riie discovery has caused much cornnotion in the city, and Council is askid to forbid the sale of pork in Akron or a month. Burned to Doalb, and Restored to Life. I know of a man nearMaxey's, Ga., who or ten or twelve years was almost a solid ore from head to foot. For tliree years, his appearance being so lorribly repulsive, lie refused to let any >ne see him. The disease after eating his lesh, commenced on his skull bones. lie ried all doctors and medicines without ienefit and no one thought he could passiily recover. At last he began the use of B. B.. and after usinc six bottles, his ores were all healed and he was a sound nan. He looks just like a man who had been turned to death and then restored to life, rhe best men of the county know of this ase, and several doctors and merchants ave spoken ot it as a most wonderful case. JOHN CRAWFORD, Druggist, * Athens, Ga. ?Friends of Mrs. Parnell, mother if Charles Stewart Parnell, are pubishin^ her claims to a pension from he United States on account of the ervices of her father, Admiral Stewart, :nown as old "Old Ironsides." ADVICE TO MOTHERS. Mrs. Winslow's Soothing SvRur should always be used lor children teething. It soothes tie child, softens tne gums, allays all pain, ares wind colic, and Is the best remedy for larrhcea. Twenty-five cents a bottle.; Julyl-iLtyl GENERAL NEWS ITEMS. ! Pact* of Interest, Ga.ther.-d from Various (Juartoi-K. j ?King Alfonso, of Spain, has been | seriously ill. ?Connecticut has tin.- l:ir?esl apple j crop known since llu- war. ?The lirooklyn bridge receipt* last! week amounted lo $13,113 (30. ?Col. E. C. Yellowbv, a prominent' lawyer of Greenville, N. C-, is dead, j ! ?The Mikado of Japan is said to j ! have become a convert u> Christianity, j ?John Korsuhe, an eminent lawyer j I and enthusiastic Democrat of Chicago, | i is dead. j ; ?Frank ^iddall, i!;e Philadelphia! ; soap man, now owns the fastest team i i in the world. I I ? An oiitftrriri?iii<r IIosioii fir.n is I | canning Columbia River salmon in j i steaks. ?Commandant Alex. A. Sttnmcs, ot i the Washington Navy Yard, died sud-: denly last week. ?It is now claimed that Augusta j takes the pennant of the Southern Base Ball League. ?The three months7 strike of the ; Cleveland rolling mills has ended, the workmen having given in. ?Frauds amounting to half a million dollars have been unearthed in the Canadian Pacific Railway. ?The high-license policy is rapidly winning favor in New York and spreading all over the country. ?A trade in sea gulls has sprung up on the Long Island coast. They are worth 50 cents each for their feathers. ?Hon. Sarnoel Campbell, of Rome, N. Y., State Senator, fell from his chair and died of apoplexy last week. ?Gen. Robert Toombs was seriously ill last week. lie i? in his 74th year. It was feared that .his would be his last sickness. ?Snow fell in the Catskill Moun tains on the 23rd, and at Mill ford, Mass., the mercury fell to 39^ in 24 hours. ?Dr. Robert Campbel', a distinguished and highly esteemed citizen of Augusta, Ga., died on (he 23d September. i ?During a heavy rain storm at Dublin, Miss., lightning struck a barn und killed three persons taking refuge therein. ?Irish landlords will send a deputation to the Marquis of Salisbury asking protection and stating the impossibility of collecting rents. ?A large and enthusiastic convention held at Staunton last week nominated the first Prohibition legislative candidates in Virginia. ?The daily number of deaths from the cholera in Spain last week was about 230, and the number of new cases about 590. ?The Knights of Labor arc pushing their organization vigorously in the South. They expect to enroll 5,000 members this fall. ?Christine Nilsson sang to an im mense c.iowd from the balcony of the Grand Hotel, London, last week. Seventeen persons were crushed to death. ?An agreement has been effected by which Spain retains the Carolines and the Alariana and the Palos Islands, wliile Germany acquires the Mass hall and Gilbert groups. ?Snow fell at Derby Line, Vt., on Thursday to the depth of three inches. Much damage was done to crops not harvested. The thermometer was 30 degrees above zero. ?The news frrom the East is warlike. The Austrian army is being mobilized. Severe fighting has occurred between Turks and Albanians at Djakovo. Both sides lost heavily. ?The London Home for Lost Dogs gives shelter to 50,000 homeless and starving canines, vet there has never been a case of rabies there since its foundation twelve years ago. ?A fatal disease prevails among the hogs in a section a few miles west of Beloit, Wis. It is said that at least a thousand hogs have died within a few weeks past. Extensive pork raisers have lost entire herds. ?It is understood that the President , has decided not to make any change in the office of Surgeon General of the Marine Hospital Service, and accordingly will not accept Dr. Hamilton's resignation. ?At Montreal the Salvation Army was mobbed in Victoria Square. Several of the girls'heads were cut with stones. One of them fainted and all had to take refuge in a store till the police arrived, when they were escorted to their hall. During the attack a .well known broker sent his foot through a drum. ? A special to the Galveston News says: The Government jetties in Aransas Pass are considerably damaged by the recent cyclone. . This disaster was not unexpected, as the jetty work was unfinished, J he appropriation beiDg exhausted. ? The Washington correspondent of the Indianapolis Journal says that | there is an organized efl'ort among1 the Democrats to secure the defeat of Senator Sherman's plans to succeed himself in the Senate. He says that money for that purpose is being raised in different parts of the South, which, however, is untrue. ?Col. D. P. Duncan, President of the State Fair Association, has received propositions from some of the young men to have during the fair a State tournament, and it is desired that those who favor the .project will notify Mr. W. H. Gibbes, Jr., of Co lumbia. V If a sufficient number of knignts indicate a desire to ride, handsome prizes will be arranged lor, and a full programme will be~announced. The race committee will have a gentleman's saddle horse race, which will give the knights another chance to display their horsemanship. A Walking1 Skeleton. Mr. E. Springer, of Mechanicsburg, Pa., writes: "I was afflicted with lung fever and abscess on lungs, and reduced to a walking Skeleton. Got a free trial bottle of Dr. King's New Discovery for Consumption^ which did me so much good that J bought a bottle. After using three bottles, found myself once more a man, completely restored to health, with a hearty appetite, and a gain in flesh of 48 pounds." Call at McMaster, Brice & Ketchin's Drag Store and get a free trial bottle of this ccrtain cure for all Lung Diseases. Large bottles $1.00. * Tboueands Say So. Mr. T. "VV. Atkins, Girald, Kansas, writes: "I never hesitate to recommend your Electric Bitters to my customers, they give entire satisfaction j and are rapid sellers." Electric Bitters are the purest and best medicine known and will positively cure Lidney : and Liver complaints. Purify the blood and regulate the bowels". No 1 family can afford to be without them. I' They will save hundreds of dollars in |; doctor's bills every year. Sold at fifty !. cents a bottle by McMastcr, Brice & i Ketchin. * j \T7T\r more money than at anything VV All else by taking an asrency for . the best settling book out. Besrinners'sueceed grandly. None fail. Terms free. Hallett Book Co., Portland, Maine. FOR COUGHS AND CROUP U&2 mullesin. The street son. to gathered from a tree of the itae name, growing also? the small streams ia the Southern States, contains a stimuli tins expectorant prlnelplo that loosen* the phlegm producing the early moraine cou^h. and stimulates the child to throw off the falfe membrane in croup and jrhoopins-cocith. When comNned with the heallns mucilarfnous principle la the mullcia plant of the old fields, presents in Tutot's Ckesokzs Rimesy or Sw*cr Girv xss Mciircc the finest known remedy for Conchs, Croup, KTiooplns-Congh and Consamptioa; and so palatable, any child U pleased v> tV<e It. Ask roar dramrfnt for it. Price, 25c.aad$l. WALTER A. TAYIQE, Atlanta, Ga. Use DR. BIGGERS' HUCKLEBERRY CORDIAL fcr Diarrhoea. Dysentery and Children Teething. Tor sale by **-<lrnKista. THE ALMIGHTY DOLLAR. How the L'nsnspccling arc Often Gnlle<2. CAPITAL VERSUS MERIT. It is possible that money dipped into a bounteous supply e>f printer's ink, is t> be used to teach false ideas. Why is it that such persistent anathemas should all at once be hurled against the use of "Potash and Potash Mixtures?" These who insist that Potash is a poison do so because that is the way they have of lighting 15. J>. !>., as the latter contains potash properly combined. Opium, morphine, strychnine, aconite, whiskey, etc., are all deadly poisons, and are daily destroying the lives of people, and why do not these men cry out against them? 'It is because there is no money in sight to do so. Potash is n> ?t regarded as a poison, and very seldom harms any one; but those who abuse it are using a vegetable poison ten times as violent. Iodide of Potash, in proper combination, is regarded by the medical profession as the quickest, grandest and mcst powerful blood remedy ever known to man. Those who believe in revealed combinations and Indian foolishness are surely in a condition to become rather "cranky" in their ideas at any time. We assert understandingly thar Potash, as used in the manufacture'of B. B. B.. is not a poison, and the public need aot place any confidence in assertions to the contrary. Why is it that in one thousand letters which we receive wg never hear a word against its use? The truth is: B. B. B. is working such wonders in the cure of all blood poisons, scrofula, rheumatism, catarrh, etc., that others are trembling in their boots, and cry aloud, "poison," "fraud," because tliey fear its triumphant march. Let any man or woman ask any respectabie doctor or druggist if we are. not right. Do not be deceived, but go right along and call for B. B. U., and be cured. It is making five times more curcs in Atlanta than nil other blood remedies combined. We don't say that others are poisons or frauds; we are not that easily auiiixieu, uut #vc uuia u> wic uvsi, aim we have the proof. Send for our 32-page hook, free, and be convinced. Sold bv all druggists. BLOOD BALM CO., Atlanta, Ga. .MOTHERS' FRIEND. NO More Terror! This invaluable preparation is truly a triumph of scientific Nn Mnrp Pain ! an<i n0 morein* m0re ram estimable benefit was ever bestowed on the No Moro Laager! shortens the time of T0 {labor and lessens the intensity of pain, but, better than all, it n/r j.'l riL-ij greatly diminishes the Mother or CililcL 'Sanger to life of both mother and child, and leaves the mother in a (condition highly faThe Dread of vorable to speeuy reicovery, and far less , , ,, , , iliable"to flooding, coi. MotherhOOdlvuisions, and other lalarminc svmotoms !incident to lingering Transrormcd to laud painful labor. Its truly wonderful efficacy in this respect enHA T? titles the Mothers' U JT ?* Friend to be ranked :as one of the life-saving appliances given, to the world by the ?nd discoveries of modern science. From the nature of -t~ /^~\ "T"T the case it will of I 1 y icourse be undei-stood \_y I . |that we cannot publish certificates con cerning this Remedy i without wounding the Safety and Ease of such testimonials on file, and 110 mother ?to? who has once used it will ever ajrain be _ . j without it in her time Suffering woman;of trouble. A prominent physician lately remarked to the proprietor, that if it were admissible to nuke public the letters we receive, the "Mothers' Friend" would out sell anything on the market. Send for our Treatise 011 "Health and Happiness of woman," mailed tree. BlJADFIELD IiEC.Ul.ATOi: Co., Atlanta, Ga. THE CHURCHMAN. FORTY-FIRST YEAR?1885. Tlie Reliffious Weekly of the Piotest ant Episcopal Church. I A magazine of Ecclesiastical intelligence, <3* votlonal and general reading, and tHe largest and most influential weekly In me Pioteswnt Episcopal Church. In tlic Xcws Department tie energy *f The Churchman Is well known, and its organization is very complete lor procuring news wblch It gives with remarkaole promptness. The Magazine Department alone coa tains In a year sufficient reading matter to make more than Ave i-2rao 'jooks of 500 pages each. Its Cook Reviews arc a prominent feature. Literary, Art and Scientific Xotes are < caretully prepared hv specialists. ) Its European corrc.sponaems are per- ; sons of cuinent ability. * Vi"ie C3iiI<Iren\s Department Is Illas- < tratcd and specially edited ror th*. children. $3.50 a year In advance, post paid. Three dollars to Clergrmen. Single copies ten cents. ' JI. II. MALLORY ?fc CO., 47 JLafayette Place. Xew Vork. Apl2L6m PEAC E INSTITUTE . for young ladies, KALEIGH, XORTH CAROLINA. Tiie fall term commences ox ;. the first Wednesday of September, 1S8 , and closes corresponding time in June following. Advantages for instruction in all the branches usually taught in first-class- Seminaries for Young Ladies, unsurpassed. Building heated by steam, ] ana in every wav as 10 equipment., occ.,: equal to any in the South. A full corps of First-Class Teachers engaged for session ? eommencing in September Terms as r*a- " sonable as any other Institution offering same advantages. Correspondence solicited. For catalogue, containing full particulars as to terms, Ac., address REV. R. BURWELL & SOX, July29L2m Principals, Raleigh, N. C. tiood P:it Tor Acorit*. SIW to S200 per f do. made hollinc our ??rnu<! Xeiv II i*tory. . Fsmouxaiid DwiHivc Battle* of thcWorld J Write to J. C. 2IcC'urdy <5: Co.. Philadelphia, Pa. c SHOE SI -AM >? We invite the atteution ot the Dublic to our Large Stock x of HEISEE'S 0 and other makes of Gents' Hand and Machine Sewed SHOES. Every pair guaranteed, and at prices to suit the times. Our Stock of Ladies', Misses', Boys' and Children's Shoes is large and complete. We have also received by express the ^first shipment of H AT S, 0 Something nice for young men. [f^pf3 We mean business, and will sell goods as low as can be bought an}? where. McMASTEK, BRICE & KETCHIN. fort scallister. THIS WELL-KNOWN ESTAB lishment, located next door to the Stables of Messrs. A. Williford & Son, is now open as a first-class SALOON AND RE3TAUKANT. THE FINEST WINES, LIQUORS,: BEER, ETC., ETC., ETC., Will be served to its easterners. OUR RESTAURANT Will be open on the First of September, with the FIRST FKESH OYSTEES , OF THE SEASON. . i I MEALS AT ALL HOURS. COME TO SEE US. GKOESCHEL & CO., j PROPRIETORS. I Aug29 * ] TO THE" | " ! 1 Carols Sioye Me! ] i J i I RESPECTFULLY INFORM STOVE Buyers all over the State tliat I carry in stock, all the time, 300 to 400 Cooking- and HeatingStoves, AND CAN FILL ORDERS PROMPTLY. COOKING STOVES FROM $8 DP5 WARRANTED TO GIVE SATISFACTIO Best Box Heating Stoves from $2.50 Up. The goods are bought from parties who sell large jobbing trade only, and challenge 2 i comparison of quality anu prices of t Stoves with any market North, South, East 3r West. : ' Write for circulars givinsr prices met a full description of Goods, and - SAVJE MONEY. I am very anxious to set a sample Stove ;old in every neighborhood in the State. , rERMS CASH ON DELIVERY. j J. D. RATTEKREE, Chester, S. C. Sepl9fx3m PAVILION HOTEL, . CHARLESTON, S. C. s. T. GAILLAKD, - - Jfroprietor. iTRICTLY FIRST-CLASS, OTIS' PASSENGER ELEVATOR, ELECTRIC BELLS, HEATED ROTUNDA. Rates, $2.00 to $3.00. Marl8xly rrnTCJ "D A "PT?"P may bofocad on fllo at Geo. lHiO Jl J2LL IUV p. Lowell & Co'* Newspaper Advertising Bureau (10 Spruce St.\ where adverttilnj vatracta ma/ bo rnado tvs It Iif i'SW Y0&&* . & - -3 Did you Sap* pose Mustang Liniment only good , for horses? It is for inffarama- / tion ox all flesh. NEW ADVEETSME5TS. \ A BIG OFFJ^rT To introduce them we will jjive away 1000 seifopera tins Washing Machines. If you want one send us your name, P. O. and express office at once.^ THE NA1IONAL CO., SI Dey St, X. T. MOSQUITOES. 3 '"mosquito BITE cuhs, gives Instant ffij rellet, and drives them away. Address SALLADE & CO., 8 East lSth St., New Yoric. : ' DE AFXESS Its CAUSES and CURE, ^ by one who was deaf twenty-eigfcS years. Treated by most ot noted specialists of flta /in xr *?lfh nA 1 *? .?<? ^ in three months, and since then hundreds or others hy same process. A plain, simple and JOt successmi home treatment. Address T S. PAGE, VjS East 26th St., New York City, . Established FAY'S . . 1866. Manilla Ecofing! ? Resembles fine leather. For Roots, Outside Walls, and inside in place ot Plaster. Very strong: and durable. Carpets and Rugs of same material, catalogue with testimonials and samples FREE. W. H. FAY Sc. CO., Cam- __ den, X.J. < Parte Tie. ? . . If you have Dyspepsia, Rheumatism, Kidney or Urinary complaints, or 1J you ara-troubled with any disorder 01 the lungs, stomach, howels, blood or nerves you can be cured by A Pause'S TOXIC. j9 HISCOX & CO., M 168 William Street, New York. S BURNHAM'S 1 '3R I3CPROVED jgg* RTATDAXD JUTUSSIHS J B-Db the BEST coofltncted and ^ finished Turbine In tbe world J Rlt gives. better percantigr? Mwitn part or rull gate, and.is mm ^a?HHBK-wld for LB6S MONEY per Mag gorge Powg- than any other ramataUMBIg Turbine. Pa mpblet FREE by BURNHAM BROS.. TOM. PA. Sept34l4W a*^ (i. . THE ;f! Columbia Music 1km WILL SATE YOU ^ TWENTY-FIVE PER CENT. BY BUY ING Pianos aid Orpas 4 ' OFTHEMw- < r - i ^ EVERY INSTRUMENT WARRANTED ^ . ?ii v//.. o? TM?T TT7I?OT?rk AT A XT V TYEiDrkU AD ASXU&JL V ill All X 1/1^1 V/^l VI* < > v STEAMBOAT LANDING IK <| THE STATE, o 0 ; WRITE FOE TERMS AND PRICES 0 0 JJj SPECIAL TERMS FOR SHORT TIME SALES. * Respectfully, . v;; ..; , COLUMBIA MUSIC HOUSE, N. TRUMP, Manager, m 128 MAIN STREET, COLUMBIA, S. C. Local agents in Fairfield County: x t r * .* J. 0. BOAG, Winnsbora A A. MORRIS, Ridgeway. n)l Q T? I A+f A pA^nmhirt ^ I'MiMI'ofA D "D UUaiiVtVCf VUIUUIUIA a AU^IULA ii ^ SCHEDULE IN EFFECT MAY 10, W5* ?Eastern Standard Time. . GOING NORTH, NO. 53, ifAIL lino EXPRESS. Leave Augusta ; .9.05 a: m. Leave W. C. A. A. Junction 1.12 p. so, V. Axrive>t Columbia 1.22 p. m,Leave Columbia 1.3:2 p. m. ^ Leave Killian's ;.. .1.58 p; m. Leave Bly the wood. r.. 1.......... 2.13 p. m Leave Biageway.. ,.2.34 p. m. Leave Simpson's. .2.47 p. m. Leave Winnsboro. 3.02 p. m. Leave White Oak. i 3.22 p. m. Leave Woodward's 3.43 p. m. Leave Blackstock....... .....3.50 p.m. Jj Leave Corn wall's 3.58 p. m. Leave Chester .4.17 p: m. Leave Lewis' ;.... .4.32 p. m. -A Leave Smith's. .4.40 p. m. ^ Leave Rock HilL 5.01 p. m. ^ Leave Fort Mill... .5.20 p, m. Leave Pineville ...5.40 p. m. Arrive at Charlotte...; 6.10 p. m. Arrive at Statesville............. .9.35 p. m GOING SOUTH. . NO. 52, HAIL AND EXPRESS. ^ Leave Slatesville 7.45sum. . ^ Leave Charlotte ?1.00 p. m. Leave Pineville .1.27 p. m. Leave Fort Mill v 1.44 p. m. Leave liockHill 2.02 p. a.. Leave Smith's..... ...2.22p. m. Leave Lewis' 2.30 p m. Leave Chester 3.44 p. m. ^ Leave Cornwall's.'........ .3.03 p. m. i L.eave Blackstock 3.12 p.m. ^ Leave Woodward's 3.18 p. in. Leave White Oak ,3.30;p. m. Leave Winnsboro. .........3.48 p. m. LeaveSimpson's.................4.03p. m, Leave Ridge way 4.16p. m. A Leave Blythewood.......'. .4.32p. m.' Leave Killian's.. 4.49p.m Arrive at Columbia 5.15 p. m^ ^eave Columbia.: 5.25p. m. Leave W. C. & A. Junction 5.57!p. m. Arrive at Augusta 9.38 p. m.. Connection is now made at Chester (by rains 52 and 53) for Lancaster and inter- Mt nediate points on C. & C. R. R., and for 49| ill points on C. & L. R. R. as far as New- ^ "VT Oil, a. V. SI. SLAUGHTER, G. P. A. ^ G. R. TALCOTT, Superintendent D. CARDWELL. A. G. P. A. acnth** treatment la cm package. Good ftrCeti d tha Bad, He*d?efc?, Dfsdaes, HayFtortr, 4a. >?* =* * . '- - -. ft m I a 1 * "* WHISKY HABITS M 11V i 11 rUI at home without pain. BOOK (J I IU gf I ofj?artJeal*r? ?eat FREE. __ SLmUmS- *> Tooan, x P.,aumu,SC. ? A Ckar Skin is only a part of beauty: V.<4- .'? ? ? L' 1 ^ uuk XL is <* pari, every Jaay may have it; at least, what looks like it. Magnolsai Balm both freshens aad ^ beautifies.