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* m / *" - .sgjr Tr:* J . <&, & \ % j* ^| A B j ? i iii . 11 11.^> VOLUME 3. CAMDEN, SOUTH-CAROLINA, JULY 16, 1852. NUMBER 57. 1 ?_? ??? ' THE CAMDEN JOURNAL. published semi-weekly and weekly by THOMAS J. WARREN. TERMS. The Semi-Weekly Journal is published at Three Dollars and Fifty Cents, if paid in advance, or Four Dollars if payment is delayed three months. The Weekly Journal is published at Two Dollars if paid in advance; Two Dollars and Fifty Cents if payment be delayed three months, and Three Dollars if not ?aid till the expiration of the year. ADVERTISEMENTS will be inserted at the following terms: For one Square (fourteen lines or less) in the semi-weekly, one dollar for the first, and twenty-five cents for each subsequent insertion. In tho weekly, seventy-five cents per square for the first, and thirty-seven and a half cents for each subsequent insertion. Single insertions one dollar. Semi-monthly, monthly and quarterly advertisements charged the same as for a sin- i gle insertion. . pgTThe number of insertions ^psircd. and the edi- ( tion to be published in must be noted on the margin of all advertisements, or they will be published semi-weekly until ordered discontinued and charged accordingly THE REAPER AND THE FLOWERS. BY LONGFLLOW. There is a reaper whose name is Death, A-J ._:.u /1UU Willi IJI5> citMc rwcvsUf He reaps the bearded grain at a breath, , And the flowers that grow betjvcen, , " Shall I have naught that is fair ?" saitli he; " Have naught but the boarded grain ? J Though the breath of the flower is sweet to me, ] I will give them all back again." : He gazed at the flowers with tearful eyes, He kissed their drooping leaves; j It was for the Lord of Paradise . He bound them in his sheaves. < " My Lord has need of those fiowrets gay," j The reaper said and smiled; ] "Dear tokens of the earth are they, . Where he were once a child, 1 "They all shall bloom in fields of light, } Transplanted by my care, And saints, upon their garments white, . These sacred blossoms wear." 1 And the mother gave, in tears and pain, I The flowers she most did love; , She knew she should find them all again, < The flowers she most did love. i ] O, not in cruelty, not in wrath, j The reaper came that day; i 'Twas an angel visited the green earth, ] And took the flowers away. i THE POOR MAN'S BOOK. ' The winds have blown the smoke away? 1 Cold is the forge and hush'd the mill; ' Tne" toil-worn cotter" rests to-day? Traffic is mute and labor is still . * The unharnessed horse feeds on the green, ' The laboring ox rests in the shade; A holy calm pervades the scene, And beauty smiles from hill and ?lade. ' I ~ < The modest flowers that light the clod, Like drops of sunshine from the sky, Bow their sweet heads and worship God, ^ And send their fragrant praise on high, ( Beneath his fig tree and the vine, Beside the lowly cottage door, The poor man reads uie precious 11110 Of promise to ihe humble poor. The Bible is the poor man's law, Blessed boon to mortals given ; A ladder such as Jacob saw, With angels coming down from heaven. The Mint-master's Daughter. bY GRANDFATHER WHITEHEAD. CapL John Hull was the mint-master of Massachusetts, and coined all the money that was made. His was a new line of business; for, in ' the earlier days of the colony the current coinage consisted of the gold and silver money of England, Portugal and Spain. These coins being scarce, the people were often forced to barter their commodities instead of selling them. For instance, if a man wanted to buy a coat, he perhaps exchanged a bearskin for it, if he wished for a barrel of molasses, he might purchase it fur a pile of pine boards. Musket balls were used instead of farthings. The Indians had a sort of money called wampun, which was made of clam shells, and this strange kind of specie was like wise taken in payment ot debt by Jingusn seiners. Bank bills had never been heard of. There was not money enough of any kind, in many parts 1 ' of the country to pay their ministers; so that i sometimes they had to take quintals of fish, 1 bushels of corn, or cords of wood instead of silver and gold. i As the people grew more numerous, and their trade with one another increased, the want of < current money was still more sensibly felt. To supply the demand, the General Court passed a ' law for establishing a coinage of sixpences and ^ shillings. Capt. Hull was appointed to manu facture this money, and was to have one shilling 1 S| out of every twenty, to pay him for his trouble 1 nf of making them. ' 86 Hereupon, all the old silver in the colony was 1 - * u..n m.,, || banded over to vapi? iiun. j.uo wuvmcu nmci I cans and tankards, I suppose, and silver buckles, S and broken spoons, and silver hilts of swords that ( had figured at court?all such curious old altHfis : I -were doubtless thrown into the pot melting to- ^ gether. But by far the greater part of the sjlver con- 1 sisted of bullion from the mines of South Ame- : v rica, which the English bueaniers, who were little I better than pirates, had taken from the Spaniards, | nnd brought to Massachusetts. 1 All this old and new silver being melted down and coined, the result was an immense amount of splendid shillings, six-pences and three-ponces, is Each had the date of 1652 on the one side, and c the figure of a pine tree on the other. And for 1: every twenty shillings that lie coined, you will 1: remember, Capt. Jno. Hull was entitled to put li one shilling in his own pocket. The magistrates t; soon began to suspect that the mint-master would tl toi-n tliM Vir>r. I\f llin lmvrrii'n Tlior nfFfllVfl 1 li in t a large sum of money if be would give up the | a twentieth shilling, which he was continually dropping in his pocket. But Capt. Hull declared he v was perfectly satisfied with the shilling, and well I he might be, for so diligently did he labor, that u in a few years his pockets, his money bags and his strong box were overflowing with pine-tree i a shillings. This was probably the case when he k came into possession of his grand father's chair; u and, as 'he worked so hard at the mint it was certainly proper that he should have a comfortable chair to rest himself on. 1 ir When the mint-master was grown very rich, a a young man, Samuel Sewell by name, came 1 courting his daughter Betsy, a fiue hearty dain- j t< sel, by no means so slender as some ladies of our j own days. On the contrary, having aiways ted | X heartily on pumpkin pies, indian puddings, dough- j it nuts, and other Puritan dainties, she was as round , c< and plump as a pudding herself. With this [ C round, rosy Miss Betsy, did Samuel Sewell fall j L in love. As he was a young man of good char- j acter, industrious in l?is business, and a member i o af the churcl>, the mint-master very readily gave n his consent. ci "Yes, you may take her," said lie, in his rough way, "you will find her a heavy burden enough." tl On the wedding day we may suppose that I ionest John Hull dressed himself in a plain coat, i e< ill the buttons of which were made of pine-tree j shillings. The buttons of his waist-coat were , s( ixpences and the knees of his small clothes were ' n outtoned with silver three pences. Thus attired, j le sat with great dignity in his grandfather's ' :l< irm-chair, and, being a portly old gentleman, : fr ie completely filled it from elbow to elbow. On j :he opposite side of the room between her brides- tl naids, sat Miss Betsy. She was blushing with fa ill her might, and looked like a full-blown peoni. j i great red apple, or any other round and scar- j et object. ! di There, too, w:is the bridegroom, dressed in a i ine purple coat and gold-laced waistcoat, with ! c( -1 1 ___ 1 I is much other finery as the runian i;iws aim vi :ustoins would allow tljem to put on. His hair j was cropped close to his head because Governor : p Endicot had forbidden any man to wear it below j ti lis ears. Hut lie was a very personable young j nan, and so thought the bridesmaids and Miss i e< 3etsy herself. j tl The mint-master was also pleased with his j icw son-in-law, especially as lie had said nothing n: it at all about her portion. So when the mar j riage ceremony was over, Captain Hull whisper-; ? h1 a word or two to his men-servants, who inline- p Jiately went out, and soon returned lugging in si :i large pair of scales. They were such a pair as ' n wholesale merchants use for weighing; a bulky i jommodily was now to be weighed in them. , t< "Daughter Betsy," said the mint-master; go el into one side of the scales." ' c; Miss Betsy?or Mrs. Sewell, as wo must now j ?a!l her?did as she was bid, like a dutiful child, i without any question of a why. But what her I a father could mean, unless to make her husband u pay for her by the pound, (in which case she ! f, would have been a dear bargain,) shejiad not. the least idea. a 'And now,' said honest John Hull to bis sor- j, rants, 'bring that lx>x hither." s, The box to which the mint-master pointed, was i hugh, square, iron bound, oaken chest; it was (jig enough to play hide ana seen in. mo >or-1 rants lugged with their might and main, but j' rould not lift this enormous receptacle, and were ' finally obliged to drag it across the floor. ^ Captain Hull then took a key out of his gir- j lie, unlocked the chest and lifted its ponderous lid. Behold it was full to the brim of bright pine-tree shillings, fresh from the mint, and Sam- S( uel Sewel began to think that his father-in-law , ,i had got possession of all the money in Mussa- |, iluisetts treasury. But it was the mint-master's .,] honest share of the coinage. ! p Then the servants, at captain Hull's command, heaped double-haiidfulls of shillings into one side of the scales, while Betsy remained in the k Jtlier. Jingle, jingle, went the shillings, as tl iiandfull after handful! were thrown in till plump n md iMjnderous as she was, they weighed the young lady from the floor. "There, son Scwell,' cried the honest mint-11< master, resuming his seat in his grand-father's d :hair; "take these shillings fur my daughter's portion. Use her kindly and thank heaven for / her, for it is not every wife that is worth her weight in silver." We laughed heartily at this legend, and would c hardly be convinced but grandfather had made " it out of his own head, lie assured us* faithfully however that he had found it in the pager- of a grave historian, and merely had tried to tell it n in a funnier style. w "Well, grandfather," remarked Clara, "if wed ding portions now-a-days were paid as Miss Jiet- o sy's wjis, young ladies would not pride themselves upon an airy figure, as many of them do." What is he Reserved For ??There is a lad of 12 years, W. II. Waddell, living at I'ocahon- ;i tas, Arkansas, who, in the spring of 1 S.jO, was r stabbed and the wound thought to be mortal; the {, same fall w;is knocked senseless and cold by 0 lightning; in the fall of 1851, was run over by ( four mules and a wagon ; last winter fell from ], the third story window, lighting upon a pile of v stone; about six weeks since was shot, three balls entering his body. The hero of all these ugly ? iioHHegjjS is still alive and healthy being reserved ? doubtless^tbr sonic other kind of shuffling off this j mortal coi\ o The celebration of the Fourth of July cost the c city authorities of New-York *45,000. r .A Chea* Tooth-Drawing. Cheapness, with a very large class of persons, sever the strongest recommendation of an artile or the decisive reason for selecting a particuir agent to perforin a service. Such rarely ennge in speaking of what they have bought, or ad done, of the good quality of good work obained, but on the low price at which the one or lie other has been secured. As a general thing, hey do not get any more than they bargain for, nd in not a few c^sos, they receive far less. "VVe heard a story of one of these cheap indiiduals not long since, which provoked a smile. T. i i : ' j : r ? ...i. le nau occasion 101 mc sen jccs ui u uuuust, uno as something of a humorist. "What do you ask for pulling a tooth ?" he sked of Forceps, on entering his office. Aswol>n and inflamed cheek, showed that he stood in ecd of professional aid. "Fifty cents," was replied. "Never gave but a quarter," said the sufferer, ) as decided a voice as pain would allow him to ssume. "My charge is fifty cents," returned the operai)r in quite as determined a manner. "Can't pay so much. Quarter is enough.? 'ou only have to put on your irons, and it is out 1 three seconds. Wish I had as much as I :>uld do at pulling teeth for a quarter a piece. | 'ome, now, friend, money is money these times. ; )on't you ncvor pull teeth for a quarter ?" "Sometimes," replied the dentist, whoso sense j f the ludicrous was already touched, and whoso nlural love for a practical joke had become exited. "Then you'll pull mine out for that price?" said ic patient. "0 ves, if vou wish me to do so," was answer]. Down sat the patient, and the dentist was ! >rtn fiittinir .'iw.iv if Ins mini in flip, p.nnle.st and I lost deliberate way imaginable. 'My gracious!" exclaimed the sufferer, so soon =. the gum-cutting operation was over, "My iend, you did hurt me dreadfully." The dentist now applied a pair of forceps to ic offending tooth, and gave it a wrench which irly brought the patient to his feet. "Is it out, doctor?" was eagerly asked. "Not yet," cooly replied the dentist. "Sit own again, and I'll make another trial." So the man sat down once more, and the for ps w ere again applied. There was another scire wrench, but the tooth refused to come. "Mercy on us doctor! Is this the way you nil teeth?" screamed the patient, as he seized ie dentist's hand with a nervous grip. "It's the way 1 pull teeth for a quarter," repliI the dentist, with a twinkle in his eyes, which ie other, even in his pain did not fail to see. "Pull mine for fifty cents, then," nuickly scrolled the writhing \n,:i . "That's the way if.- d.. li-i \ a m . 1 lent after, a; with a d'-\tn.iis motion of his J ractised hand ! ! >\v.l with < unpamtiw 'v I ight pain, th from i: - !<< , h \d it j j) ti? the pat; ;:i". vi- -. 'J he half dollar w;. j: id, ai -i the man depar- ! u wiili u dawning j i?: ? in ins mmu, iniii ; heap things arc, sometimes, I lie dearest a man in buy. A vol"no and beautiful, but poor widow, was bout to marry an old rich widowvr. 1 lor friends isliod to know what site wished to marry him >r? She replied, "pure love?1 love the ground nraning farm, probably.) on which he walks, nd the very house in which lives." There is latonic love for you. There is none of your diool-girl foolishness in that. There is an old toper in Maine who is making uite a fortune out of the auti liquor law.? It- goes into New Hampshire, and gets fuddled, lid when he comes back charges his neighbors velve-and-a-half cents for smelling his breath. k'11 JU' Mean.?The man who is too stingy to sub ribc for his own District paper, passed through lis village last week, lie was bare-looted, and e dug into the ground with his toes as he went long, to see if he could not rout up a live cent iece. Vermontcrs live to a great age as is well nown. There are two men up tlierc so old that icy have forgotten who they are, arid there are o neigh I tors who can remember. A cobbler in Mobile, who also professes to ?ach music, has the following sign over his oor: "Delightful task to mend the tender boot, md teach the young idea how to flute." Old Dr. Rand was once called to visit a hypohondriuc lady, who fancied she had swallowed a louse. "Nonsense," cried the Doctor: "its all fudge !" "Oh, no, Doctor," said the patient, "it's a live louse; I f?*cl it now trying to gnaw out. Oh! hat can I do ?" "Do!" exclaimed the old man, "there's but no thing you can do; you must swallow a cat." Counterfeiters Aijout.?The Wadosboro North Carolina) Argus learns that on Thursday, lie 25th ultimo, a fellow calling himself Smith, nd who said he was from Richmond county, asscd through the lower part of that county, laving with him a number of counterfeit biils u the Bank of the State of North Carolina, of j he denomination of four dollars, several of which in 1.nc.it I IT r>tF tn fill hitt IV am.A.V/rU'.U II* I'llrtiiUjj v?* I.V j v.ww.... w.. . ray. The counterfeit is very ba?e, and may be cadily detected. The follow spoken of is of nediuin size, dark complexion, has a down look, nd wears rather coarse clothes, with a small cap. lis mode of operation is to stop at each house n the road and have his horse fed, or get a nioal >r himself, and in payment offer one of his ountcrfcits. J Lc passed down the Dumas ferry oad. / .... From the American Farmer. PRIZE ESSAY, On the Comparative Valtic of different Manures, To uhich was awarded the Premium of the ; Maryland State Agricultural Society.?By AYm. D. Guesiiam, of King and Queen Co., | Va The liberal offer of the " Maryland State Ag : ricultural Society," for the '* best essay on the comparative value of different manures, founded upon actual experiment," has no doubt awakened ; a spirit of emulation among Farmeis, and will I bring forth to the public an account of the experiments which they have been so anxiously ; and carefully practicing for several years past, with a tiew to the improvement of their worn ; out laud. I It is not my design on this occasion, to introduce any new theory, supported by novel experii ments ; but I shall attempt to compile and arrange my various plans and experiments, in such a maimer as to make them striking and illustra: tivo of the benefits received, and to corroborate ; those who have preceded in this noble cause, i Already have the essays of Stabler and others, given an impetus to the improvement of soils, which has placed them high in the estimation of the farming community, and will cause their I names long to be cherished by this bencfittsd class. Nor can 1 fail to mention the great advantage that has been given to that community by Edmund Euffm, the pioneer in the cause of the improved agriculture in Virginia, the truths of whose writings and practical experiments have so eminently rewarded the agriculturist. The anxious desire of the Maryland State Agricultural Society for the diffusion of practical knowledge, and of rendering itself useful, has lil-ifvwl it iiiirli in tlin nctiinntii'in rif tin* f:irnif>r< J........... .. J".V V.. ..... ............ throughout the Union, and command* for it an unprecedented respect. Nothing is more calculated to give so great an impetus to that spirit of improvement which is now abroad in the land, than the annaal meetings of this society; where the agriculturists of the different sections of the country are assembled?where an interchange of views and plans are discussed or weighed, and where the practical results of land and labor are brought together in competition. Although my experiments with the different manures have not been as extensive as 1 would have wished, yet so fully have I been convinced of the great benefit I have received, that at the risk of being considered but a ki novice" in the science of agriculture, I have determined to give them. Lime.?I shall commence with lime, which 1 regard as the basis of all permanent improvcI nient, the most important element towards the improvement of worn-out lands, and without which, in some form, all attempts to resuscitate tl.om v.ill be vain and fruitless. From various xporiments I have made with the different kinds of lime. I have become convinced that shell lime is tin* most valuable and efficacious. The superior fertilizing ipialities of shell lime, is in part attributable to the phosphorus contained in the oyster shell. 1 have also applied stone lime from New York and Baltimore, and can with certainly say, the Baltimore surpasses that from New York: our soil contains magnesia, and on i that account the alum stone lime acts more promply than the mngnesian limes of Pennsylvania ami New York. The proper ties of Lime.?The properties of lime have been so often described and written upon, that it would be unnecessary fur me to occupy much time and space in going into detail; but so necessary is it, for all to understand some of them, that "line upon line'' cannot be too often repeated. "\Ye know lime to be an essential element of I ail productive soils, and upon its presence in a manner depends ali improvement; so powerfully has it acted upon our acid soils, abounding in sorrel grass, that its application can with great distinctness be traced in the lirst crops. "In correcting the acidity of our soils, and decomposing the poisonous metallic salts," it has acted most beneficially. Lime renders our soils which seem to be packed and close with a scanty sup |'.> vi iu>r?, iiiuv.ii niviv; punviv/uo auu vvwj bv be cultivated ; giving a lite like appearance, and rendeis the cultivation much more agreeable to the farmer?it totals to break down the tenacity of still' clays, improves their friability, and prepares them to be acted upon by the atmosphere; while on the other hand, upon light soils it acts oiptally beneficial, in increacing their tenacity, improves their power of retention, any may prevent in a measure, the loss of nutritive manures by exhalation. Lime tends to convert the inert vegetable matter which remains in the land, into food ; and thus perforins the office of a solvent of inert vegetable matter into nutritious food for the growth of plants?it is the agent to decompose and feed the land with such vegetable matter as would otherwise remain undecoinposed, and in (his maimer may be regarded as an essential element of the soil. The mode of applying Lime.?1 have now been using lime some eight or ten years, and had I not been able to have procured it for my land, I should long since have found a home in our "western wilds," for I am certain I could have never improved them without the use of lime or other calcareous earths; for stable and putrescent manures did not after one or two crops exhibit any very apparent effect. The mode I have adopted in applying lime, has been made easy, and never interferes with my other farming operations. So soon as I have finished my corn crop, say about 10th or loth July,I order my lime i J . . iV from nam more, ana commence cnecKing <>u no land with stakes twenty-one feet long. 1 cheek tho lield entirely over each way, each cheek eontains forty-nine square vards; in the middle of the square 1 scrape a small space sullieiently large to hold a half bushel of lime, which is deposited from tho wagon and the hands go on immediately and spread it, the square being- perfectly visible; tbe hands can in this manner apply it over the whole space with great accuracy. The application is within a fraction of fifty bush-, eis of lime to the acre, as each check contains 49 sqr. yards; and if we allow 4900 square yards to make an acre, it would be exactly fifty bushels to the acre, but it is sufficiently near for all practical purposes. I consider it much more beneficial to apply it over the grass, thau upon land after it is ploughed; I would advise in all cases, to spread it upon the surface; and if the farmer can spare the capital as long, thatitshoukl be applied two or three years before it is broken up. My reason for thus applying lime, is, that it is not only more convenient, and can be more accurately clone, our. tnat it more thoroughly mixes with the soil by the rains and frosts of j winter. 1 have, however, derived very great and permanent benelit from applying it in the summer and breaking it up the following spring ?fifty bushels is a good applcation for the first dressing, unless the land should be exceedingly rich, when it would bear a much larger quar tity; My mode is to apply fifty bushels the first application, and to follow it wit ha second application1 of fifty bushels more when the land again comes into regular cultivation. From all the agriculI tural information I have upon the lastmg benefit | of lime upon land, is that one hundred bushels to the acre is a sufficient quantity for almost all land, and that its fertility can be brought to any extent of improvement, provided it is followed by other agents and manures; its effects will last from fifteen to twenty years, and no other application be needed for that space of time. It would be irrelevant and outof place for me here to impress the importance of draining and deep ploughing in conjunction with any and all manures, as essential in the permanent improvement of all worn out lands?let him who expects to reap a crop upon wet or badly ploughed Jam}' by the mere application of lime, or any other manure, be at once undeceived. The necessity of folloiciny lime with other agents and assistants in improving soils,?Lime being an agent in the soil, it is necessity that it should be followed by such other manures as the land may stand in need of, as a soil may abound with lime, and other properties for production not being present, it would not of course supply them. As lime combines with inert vegetable matter in the soil, and converts it into food for plant*, how necessary is it to follow our applica tions of lime with the grasses ? and above all I place Clover, which in conjunction with lime I have never yet seen fail to produce a fine crop, and upon which plaster acts beneficially. I have applied plaster in small quantities, yet I have received but little apparent benefit, unless applied to clover?nor have I been successful in raising clover unless preceded by an application of lime; and in conjunction with lime it is a great renovator. My preference has long been given to clover not only for the purposes of food for stock, but the best of all the grasses for the improvement of the soil. In the words of a distinguished farmer, speaking of the action of clover upon land, he says, " unuer the dense shade of its foliage and in the moisture thus preserved at the surface of the soil, some subtle process seems to. be conducted, some natural chemistry or agricultural alchemy, which wo do not thoroughly un derstand, but winch ensures fertility, we know however that clover lias deep roots and dfawS some of its nutriment from the depths of thd soil below the plough's range; and that it extracts from the atmosphere both carbon and ammonia in larger quantities than other plants." The node of turning in green crops after' all application of lime or marl is one much resorted to by our farmers, and the pea more than ahv other crop used ; especially the black and shihneypea; the mode adopted is to fallow thSir i lands and sow the pea in the month of May, arict in the fall to plough them in the land in the green state, and in this manner impart great benefit to the wheat as well .'is lasting benefited the land. Another mode is to sow the pea in their corn fields, as they are working their- corn .the last time, (say from the 25th June to 15th July,) the woa is sown as soon as the com is worked. and cultivators or rakes follow, which bothcovers the pea and prepares the land for the better growth of corn and a dry spell of weather.' Green crops contain in their substance not only all they have drawn from the soil, but a great portion they have drawn from the air; plough in these living plants and you necessarily add to the soil more than they have taken from it, and of course you make it richer in organic matter. No subject claims the attention of the farmer of greater importance, than that of turning in green crops for the improvement of their lauds, especially after an application of limo or inarl. The subject lias already claimed the attention of the Essayist and all agricultural journals. to uk continued. > Intemperance.?Drunkenness seems to me a stupid, brutal vice. The understanding has a greater share in other vices and there are some which, if a man may say it, have something generous in them. There are some in which there is a mixture of knowledge, diligence, valour, prudence, dexterity, and cunning; whereas this is altogether corporeal and terrestrial: other vices iudeed disturb the understanding, but this totally overthrows it, and locks up all the senses;. Lucretius remarks? "When funics of wine have filled the swelling veins, Unusual weight throughout the body reigns; Tho legs, so nimble in the race before, Can now exert their wonted power no more; Falters the tongue, tears gush into the eyes, And hiccups, noise, and jarrir.g tumults rise." Tho worst estate of a man is that in which ha loses the knowledge and government of himself; and it is said amongst other things upon the sub ject that, as must or wort fermenting in a vessel: drives up everything that is at the bottom to the top so wine makes those who drink it intemperatelly blab out the greatest secrets of another.? So Horace. " The secret cares and counsels of the wise Arc known, when you to Bacchus sacrifice."? taigM.