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, Scmi-UlccMii Camden Journal." VOLUME 2. CAMDEN, SOUTH-CAROLINA, AUGUST 5,1851. NUMBER /ft. THE CAMDEN JOURNAL. PUBLISHED RV THOMAS J. WAR REX. THE SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL T? published at Three Dollars.and Fifty Cent*. if paid in Advance, or Four Dollars if payment is delayed for three months. THE WEEKLY JOURNAL Is published at Two Dollars if paid in tdvanre, or Two Dollars and Fifty Cents, if payment is delayed for Six msnths, and Three Dollars, if not paid until the end of the Tear. ADVERTISEMENTS will be inserted at the following rate*: For one square (14 lines or lew) in the semi-weekly, ne dollar for the first, and twenty-five cents for each ftbMranent insertion. Itt the weekly, seventv-Gve cents per square for the first, And thirty-seven and a half cents for each subsequent insertion. Single insertions one dollar per square. The nntnber of insertions desired, nnd the edition to he published in, must be noted on the margin of all adver" tbement*. or they will be inserted semi-weekly until ordered to be discontinued, and charged accordingly. Semi-monthly, monthly and quarterly advertisements charged the same as for a single insertion. KrAll communications by mail most be post-paid to secure attention. c. iathesonT BANK AGENT. At his old stand opposite Davis's Hotel fi? W. CHAMBERS, Receiving and Forwarding Merchant, x AND Borer of Cotton and other Country Produce, CAMDEN, S. C. WILLIAM C. MOORE, BANK AGENT, And Receiving and Forwarding Merchant CAMDEN, S. C. Refekences?W. E. Johnson, Esq. Maj. J. M DeSaussure, T. J. Warren, Esq. ^ PAUL T. VILLEPIGUE, FACTOR? And General Commission Merchant, ACCOMMODATION WHARF, CHARLESTON, S. CI-iberal advances made on consignments of Pro. and nromot attention ifiven to the forward* ing of Goods, at the lowest rates. Aug. 20. 68 JDS. B. KERSHAW, Attorney at Law and Solicitor in Equity, CAMDEN, S. C. . Will attend the fourts of Kershaw, Sumter, Fairfield, Darlington and Lancaster Districts. ( W. H. B. WORKMAN, "I, Attorney at Law, and Solicitor in Equity, ' CAMDEN, S. C. ? (Office, nearly opposite A. Young's Book Store.) , WILL ATTEND TIIE COURTS OF ' Darlington and Sumter Districts. ' Business entrusted to him wit; meet with prompt j i ffiTcarefiil attention. July 26 A. G. BASKIN, Atterucy at Latr, and Solicitor in Equity, Office in Rear of Court House, ' Camdkx, S. C. Will practice in tbe Courts <Jf Jicrshaw and i adjoining Districts. A. G. BASEIN, ( Camdkx, S. C. I J ON. B. MICKLE. Attorney at Law and Solicitor in Equity. WINSBOROUGII, S.C. (Office in the rear of the Court House.) may 6. 36 4m C. S. WEST, Attorney at Law. Office in Rear of the Court House, Camden, 8. C. June 17 43 2ms S?3 <4?3 ^ Saddlery and Harness Manufacturer, " *- +r rr~n UppOSUK iliusonit nuu, CAMDEN, 6. C. S. D. HALLFORD, Dry Goods Groceries, Crockery, Ac. and general agent, Camden, S. C. b7 j7 McCREIGHT, COTTON 6IN MAKER. Rutledge St., one door east of M. Drucker & Co. Camden, S. C. wss&osr. Fashionable Boot maker, CAMDEX,S. "WElIo S& WAffi5?Sr9 Fashionable Tailor, Camden, S. C. Charles A. McDonald, FASHIONABLE TAILOR, Camden. S. C. ' PBOOT, CAMDEN, S. C. RICE DULIN, FACTOR AND COMMISSION MZRCKANT, CENTRAL WHARF, CHARLESTON, S. C. May 2. 35 Z. J. DEHAY, ?* mtiim a hv ~ DRWWST Afiu AniinwiAifi, Camden, S, C, ROBERT LATTA'S GROCERY AND PROVISION STORE, Camden, S. C. CHARLES A. PRICE, ATTORNEY AT LAW, s. c. Will Practice in Kershaw and the adjoining )istricts. Feb. 4 C. A. PRICE, tV?*! acofl OFFICE AT THETOCRT-HODSE, CAMDEfl, S, C. Marine, Fire, and Life Insurance. by the Commercial Insurance Company, OF CHARLESTON, S. C. CAPITAL, $250,000, ALL PAID IN. OFFICE, NO. 1, BROAD-STREET. PRESIDENT. WILLI A.u B. HERIOT. directors. JAMES K. ROBINSON, HENRY T. STREET, GEO. A. TRENHOLM, WM. McbURNEY, ROBERT CALDWELL, J. H. BRAWLEY, A. K. 1'AFT, T. L WRAGG, A. M. LEE, Secretary. E. L. TESSIER, lnnperior. R. C. PRE3SLEY, Solicitor. R. A. KIN LOCH, Medical Examiner. The xuhscriber having been appointed agent for this Company, is now prepared to receive PiopaniU for Fire RisK8, and will effect Insurance on fair and liberal t;rro*. WM. D. McDOWALL. Camden .S C. ..Mav 5,1891. 36 if COURTENAY & WIENGES, BOOKSELLERS, STATIONERS ANDDEALKRM IN CHEAP PUBLICATIONS. CIIABLESTON, 8. C. Opposite the Post Office. Agents for the best Green and Black Teas, and ' Patent Medicines. S. G. COURTENAY. G. W. WIENGES. 1 HAY Cutters and Corn Shellers of the mostap- , proved patterns, just received by i E. W. BONNEY. ' EXTRACTS, White Ginger, Citron, Currants, , Lcuion Syrup, and best Port Wine, for sale by E. W. BONNEY. j MANSION H0TJSE7 CAMDEN, S. C. | | THE undersigned !* ?* leave to return his grateful ( thanks to hi* friend*, and the travelling Public, for ihe liberal support which lie has received since he has been | opened, (four month*) and has entered upon his diuies for ^ IS51, with renewed energy to endeavor to plesise _all thai 1 nay call upon him. both rich and poor, liis House will l ie found one of the most desirable, situated, and best furlished Hotels in Camden, rl is servants also will lie , found respectful and attentive, and the table will be supplied with the best the market affords. i JIU Stables and t 'arriage Houses are roomy and always r..ll.....r.nliuA ..ill. I>r..I... o.wl o.. H, An Omnibus cull* at the limine every morning for par- I scngers for the Railroad. <?ive ino n call and test my m?tto. j Ar yon find ine, Som-oniniend me. E. G. ROBINSON. i Proprietor. | CiunJcn. February 7tli, 1851. 11 if Darlington Hotel, ! DARLINGTON COURT-HOUSE. THE above House having been purchased and ( fitted up anew by John Doten, is again opened tor the accommodation of the Public. Strict attention to the wants and comforts ol guests ' will be given, and no effort, calculated to merit i the patronage of all who may favor the establish- t mesil With a visit, shall be spared. I All that the market and surrounding country . afford will be found upon the table. , Comfortable rooms, for families or individuals, are prepared. The Stables will be attended by careful and 1 attentive hostlers. Drovers can be well accommodated, as any number of horses and mules can be ; ept in the stables and lots expressly prepared for them. Nov. 1, 1850. 86 tf NEW STORE. THE subscriber would inform his friends and the public generally, that he lias opened an j extensive stock of CJR.OCERIES, at the stand formerly occupieo by Joseph \V. Doby, one door 6oulh of Campbell's Oakery, and opposite 11. Levy & Son, where may be found all articles usually kept in the Grocery line, consisting in part of the following: Fulton Market Beef No. 1 and '-2 Mackarel in kitts, for family use; Rio and Java Coffees; crushed and brown Sugars; New Orleans Molasses, (new crop) butter, wine and soda crackers; cheese, buckwheat, raisins, currants, almonds, English mustard, filberts, pecan nuts, assorted pickles and preserves. also A few doz. old Port Wine, Heidsick best Champagne, l^ondon Porter and Scotch Ale in pints, together a large stock of Bagging, Rope and Twine, all of w hich he offers low for cash. Jan. 1. S. E. CAPERS. NEW STORE. THE subscriber is now opening a large assors ment of Groceries and Staple Goods. in the Store lately occupied by William J. Gerald (south of the Bank of Camden,) which he will dispose of at Charleston prices for cash. Those wishing to purchase would do well to call and examine the stock, consisting in part, ot the following,viz: Loaf, Crushed, Ground and Granulated Sugars Croit. Porto Kico, and hew Orleans do Nw Orleans, Museovndo and Cuba Molasses Java, Laguira and Kio Coffee | Gunpowder, Young Hyson and Black Teas Spenn. Adamantine and Tallow Candles No. 2 and 3 Mnckarel. in Barrels. Half and Quarter* Wine, Soda and Butter Biscuits and Cheese Soap and Starch, assorted Pepper, Spice, Ginger, Nutmegs, Mace And Cloves Powder, Shot and Lead Hardware, Cutlery, Nails and Castings Paint*, Linseed Oil, Sperm. Oil and Win w Ola ALSO Blenched and unbleached Shirtings and Sheetings Blankets, Bed Ticks, Apron Checks and Oznaburgs Together with a large assortment of Bagging, Rope and Twine. J. W. BRADLEY, Camden, S. C. Sept. 23. fcycnsn paid for Cotton and other Produce. SEPARATE STATE SECESSION PRACTICALLY DISCUSSED IN A SERIES OF ARTICLES. Published Originally iu the Edgefield Advertiser BY RUTLBDGB. NO* II. Ability of the Stale to maintain her independence. We are now to consider the State, under i separate government, to maintain her respectability among nations, and to protect hersell against aggressions. Once out of the Union, what is to prevent? The elements of strength in a state are compactness of territory, anion of interest and feeling, peenniary resources, and men of strong nerves and stoat hearts. Some great men have said, that,"war has no sinews hut (host of good soldiers."* And again : "a Slate to he great, must he of a military race ; or both by origin and disposition, warlike." There is much wisdom in these words. It is equally true, that mere forco never yet subdued a spirited and intelligent race of men. A brave and determined people may be whipped, bat, if anited, they can never be subdaed. History does not furnish a single example. It is a remark, worthy of its author, "who overcomes By force, hath overcome but half his foe." Nor do numbers always constitute the strength of a State. A Territory of moderate size, with a Warlike population, affords ample bulwarks for protection and defence. Small States, by a prompt concentration of their power, can always exert a force greater in proportinn than larire States, and hence usuallv de O - ? / fend themselves beyond all expectation against large forces sent against them. "It is known," says a great Statesman,f "that it takes a much less force, in proportion, to subject a large country with a numerous population, than a small territory with an inconsiderable population." Apply these principles to our case.? South Carolina is strong in arms, and rich in soil. She has a territory of 31,000 square miles; wealth to the amount of 8250,000,000: sud a military lorce of 55;000 men, who may be constantly employed in active service, without subtracting very largely from the agricultural industry of the State. And she will have 'good soldiers." Are not our men of a "military race?" Are they not warlike both by 'origin and disposition ?" Let our past histo y answer. We certainly have the "sinews of war;" and from the nature of our population uid territory, we could keep in cheek at least 100,000 men that might be sent to invade us.| Due ivonld nt iinc?. render us a formidable >ower on our own soil, and the invader would lesitate long before undertaking to enter our jorders. It is idle to say, that the State would lot be able to maintain its independence. But on a subject like this, an ounce of expedeuce is worth a pound of speculation. Let us look to history. Many of the most thriving and powerful nations of antiquity, and of modern times, have been less in extent of territory than South Carolina. Take, for instance, the llcpublics of Athens, Spahta and Rome. The territory of Attica, including the Islands, of which Athens was the Capitol, contained only S74 square miles; 135,001) citizens and alien residents; and 365,000 slaves (white,) with an aggregate wealth of about $40,000,000. Sparta had a small area, with only 150,000 citizens, md 230,000 slaves. Its wealth, in the palmy lays of the State, was very inconsiderable.? Vet the combined army of these little States, not larger than the military force of South Cairilinii rnrmlwofi .IftO ftAO I'arcinns in n nilchpil ?">?- - - -| battle,? and drove back from their borders, the Persian invader with his million of soldiers. The resolution itself to meet this armed multitude must excite our highest admiration, and teach us an example worthy of imitation. The power of Home arose in a single city and a smell adjacent territory; and when this great State was at its highest degree of strength and power, it embraced only the principal provinces of Italy, not exceeding, perhaps, in extent, 50,000 square miles. It was in the meanwhile poor and without trade. Nothing but its warlike sous could have given it so complete an ascendency. In coming down to the period of the middle ages, we find, among the most prosperous and powerful States, the little Italian Republics ot Venice, Genoa and Florence, with territories not larger, perhaps, than Edgofield District There, too, was the small Republic of Sar Marino, which exists at this day, with an ares of only 21 square miles, and a population o 7,600?one of the most remarkablo examples on record of the capacity of small States to pre serve their independence and liberties. Fo centuries, it has stood amid the most dreadfu political convulsions, and though invaded per pciually by the formidable powers of the Pope which surround it, grew, as the historian tell us, "populous, happy and illustrious. Thi arose, we learn, from the honest simplicity anc virtuous manners of its inhabitants. May w not aspire to the noble career of this gallan little State ? Look, also, to tho present nations of Europf On the map we discover some 45 States, les in extent of territory than South CarolinaKingdoms and Republics, that only enjoy th blessings of liberty in a higher degree tha most of the States around them, but maintai a high respectability among the nations of th earth. The reader will recognize among thes< Belgium, Denmark, Greece, Holland, Portuga '"Lord Bacon and Machiavelli. fJohn C. Calhoun. JWe might say t1# all invaders?ucome unto i with, few, and ice will overwhelm you ; come to i with many, and you shall overwhelm v?ur?e/r?." {Platea. Sardinia and Switzerland. Yet Belgium has an area of only 12,569 square miles ; Denmark, 22,000; Greece, 21,000; Holland, 11,000; Portugal, 39,000; Sardinia, 28,830; and Switz* , erland, 17,208. England itself, which has gradually risen in magnitude, till she has become at once the most wealthy and most powerful nation on the globe, has an area of only 51,500 square miles; being less than either Georgia or Florida. The above States not only achieved, but have maintained their independence, i How do the numberless little Principalities, Duchies and Kingdoms in Germany, many of f them not as large as Edgefield District, preserve theirsovereignty and independence among the despotic family of European nations ?? There are the free cities of Hamburg, Bremen,' Lubec, and Frankfort, only third rate towns, that have existed as independent sovereignties ' i for centuries. True, they belong, at present, to the Germanic confederation; but this is a , mere league of defence against external powers,! not interfering with the sovereignty and free- j 1 dom of these cities. Yes! these Republics, not 11 ; one of them having an area over 150 square ; i miles, nor a population above 200,000, have j i long upheld, and do now maintain their indi- j I vidual sovereignties, enjoying the glorious i sweets of liberty, in the neighborhood of large and powerful despotisms?under the very eyes i of tyrants who have their standing armies of i 150,000 and 300,000 men, and who frown up- ; on every semblanee of political freedom. Once ! members of a Confederacy, styled the " Han- < seatic League," which comprized 85 States or Cities, and which, by its wealth and arms, ruled < nearly the whole of Northern ?arope> these 1 little States have had the nerve to achieve their < independence, and to maintain it under all the i frnwn* anrl throats of rloansitiam Yet the people of Carolina, with quadruple ] their wealth and military force, and more than | centaple their territory, are actoally hesitating, i whether or not they shall give op their sover- j eignty, and become the mere tributary allies of \ a Northern consolidated despotism. O, Tan- 1 pora ! 0, Mores ! i Bat in estimating the elements of snceesa for < a separate State Government, it is not proper i to consider only oar physical resources.' lite ( true strength of a nation rests as much, per- j haps, on the operation of moral causes, as on the organization of physical power. The Gov- j ernment, which, by its reckless administration \ and lawless oppressions, has sown the seeds j of discontent and faction, need not expect to j exert the full measure of its strength or greatness. For this to be done, especially in free j countries, the moral energies of the people must be awakened. Among a great and free peo- J pie, before the national mind can be urged to j exert its full power and will, a plausible pretext must offer itself? a prospect of gain, or, at least, < of Bome seeming good. Factions among us ^ may combine for the accumulation of wealt? .l and power, but they will rarely unite to con- J suuie wealth by extravagant wars, unless driven to them in self-defence. The Federal Gov- j ernment, by arousing disaffections in the minds f of the people, on the great sectional matters at ^ issue before the country, has deranged itsspriugs . - f ?l? A - - ?! 1 - ?A. oi power, bo as necessarily 10 crippie lis ener- ^ ! gies, if not entirely to paralize them, in any struggle it may wage relative to these sectional issues. And while its power thus becomes weakened, a common interest and safety must iuevitably urge us, sooner or later, to that union of feeling and sentiment, that concert of will and action, which the desire for self-preservation never fails to inspire, and which are the chief sources of national strength. But another moral element of grea' forco among civilized nations, and one which will surely redound to our advantage, is the power of public opinion. Under the bonds of modern commerce, and the refining influences of Christianity, a sort of international ethics have sprung up, infusing into the minds of nations a more liberal sense of justice ; which, added to the Btrong principle of self-preservation and selfadvantage, serves greatly to restrain the ag gressive spirit of military, despotic nations.? Despots know that, under the enlightened diplomacy of modern times, every community of States, for their mutual welfare and safety, will use the utmost efforts to preserve a balance of power. They are beginning to learn, also, that, in time of high popular excitement, stand1 ing armies, how well so-ever disciplined, are I not always to be relied on; and that the spark of liberty, once kindled by the flash of firci arms, is in dunger of-soon lighting up the whole > mass of the people, and extending to the sol> diery itself. Hence the cautious timidity of i the crowned heads of Europe, in the recent f outbreaks among their subjects, And nothing J but the dread of public opinion?of a general Congress of Nations?of awakening sense of r indignation throughout the European States 1 and the civilized world, prevents the more des potic powers from interfering to suppress the . liberal movements now iroinir on in the smaller , " " o o s continental States. 8 South Carolina may, with reason, count up' on this moral eleinenr. All the Southern slaveholding States know and feel, that, on the pro* per restraint of Northern power, absolutely depends their safety and welfare; and this, wheth* er the Union exists, or be dissolved. Without 8 tlie most blinded prejudice and suicidal policy, " they cannot allow tho equilibrium between e Northern and Southern power to be destroyed. n It would be their certain destruction. They n know and feel this; and how much soever they e may for awhile, after South Carolina with9> draws, listen to tho dulcet strains of the Nortb'> ern Syren, when that fatal Goddess creeps out '? '? * ^ jroiu UVr cvgivi piauuo ui aggicooiuu, aim <ib* tempts to force her designs by the outward is forms of power, rest assured, they will rise up \s in their might to stay the heartless course of the greedy and cruel monster. No moral reckoning can bo more certain. Consider new the situation and circumstances of Sooth Carolina. In the first place, these will urge cs to a policy of peace. Cat off from all prospect of enlarging oar dominions by force, we should be entirely free from the ambition of cocqaest?that prolific source of strife and war among the nations of the world.. Our efforts would be directed to the pursuit of liberty and happiness; to striving after a high development of our internal resources; and to making advancements in our moral andintellectual attainments. While this would naturally lead us to cultivate peace and comity towards other States, it would ensure from them feelfhjgsf of friendship and sympathy for us. Again: The nature of oar. produce would be well calculated to beget friendly relations with other States. Our Exports consist of Cotton, Rice, Lumber, drt:?prodhcto of the earth. We are almost the only State that exports Rice to any extent Our produce, there-' fore, is of that character, which will cause it tit be eagerly sought by many nations, while oar situation will be such as to lead us to seek from others, commodities which they may hare to exchange. This begets, at once, a lively and healthful trade; and every ooe knows, that trade and commerce are great peace makers. But thirdly, we shall have little to &cite animosity or envy of other nations. Our Ter ritory will be comparatively smxdl, and in gram part, subject to cultivation only by the African! It would, therefore, scarcely tempt a conqueror or invite the rapacity of the North- Ou. wealth, also, is of such a nature, as not to er\ cite Northern cupidity. Codsfetibg* almost trholly of land and negroes, it would be of little ralde to any except those who would own slaves and live upon the csd, while any serious listnrbance of nor institntfnne nnnU [y destroy oar produce, which it is so much the interest oi others to obtain. Nothing bat i spirit of revenge in the Northern mind, could provoke an attempt to conquer oar State; and we need have fears from no other quarter^? While, then, other States would have little emptalion to interrupt us, every consideration >f interest and policy would lead them to let; is alone; in which case, at indicated in out ormer article, we should enjoy aa nnexam* iled state of prosperity. , r With oar native strength, therefore, and by he operation of the moral causes, we hare jeen considering, there can be little doabt at o the ability of die State to maintain her Kbef y and independence. As to her respectability, that may very, well be eft to time. One thing is certain, it will never de*' >end on mere physical strength. Undsrr the jndg-' nent of a Christian world, physical power is no' onger the single test of worth among nations or ndividnals. A people who practice virtue and ostice among themselves, and in their inter-, :ourse with others; who excel in moral and ntellectual attainment; who are brave, high* ninded and honest; and who always tread the >atb8 of doty and honor, need have no fettt, or their respectability eitheramong contempoaneous nations, or with posterity, though they nay chance to occupv a small territoi-v, and o enjoy few of the luxuries of life. It may oo, with safety be affirmed, that while small States have sometimes afforded substantial lib* >rty, large ones have always been despotic ; ind hence, the people who sacrifice to their imbition by seeking to live in large and mag* lificent empires, must do so at the expense of heir liberty and happiness. THE POOR MAN'S FRIEND No 6able pall, no waving plume, No thousand torch-lights to illume ; No parting glance, no struggling tear, , * Is seen to fall upon the bier. There is not one of kindred clay, To watch the coffin on its way; No mortal form, no, human breast, Cares where the poor man's bones may reat. * But one deep mourner fjllows there, Whose grief outlives the funeral prayer: He does not sigh, he does not weep, But will not leave the sodless heap. No! he who was the poor man's mate, And made hint more content with fate? * The old gray dog that shared his crust, Is ail mat stands beside ms dust. He bends his listening head, as though He thought to hear a voice below; He pines to raiss that voice so kind, And wonders why he's left behind. The sun goes down, the night is come, He needs no food, he seeks no home. But, streached upon the dreamless bed,. With doleful howl calls back the dead. The passing gaze may coldly dwell On all that polished marbles tell, For temples built on churchyard earth Are claimed by riches more than worth. But who would mark with dimmed eyes, The mourning dog that starves and dies! U7l J 1J ?.? nuu wuum nuiaoi^i wuu ".vuuiu mui uravc?)* Such love and faith to guard hi. ^rave? Sensation among the Bachelors.?An Oregon' writer to the Rostou Traveller says the young ladies sent out as teachers bv Gov. Slade have arrived; notwithstanding the bond of $50 imposed on them in case of marriage within a year, they have created quite a sensation among the unmarried gentlemen, And as the land bill makes every ladv worth 3*20 acres, if takea be fore December next, yon will be qnite safe in believing that Oregon will Boon be without teachers, unless another supply is dispatched. Immediately. * 4