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VOLUME 34.?NUMBER 19. CHESTERFIELD, S. C., JULY 29, 1915. $1 A YEAR IN ADVANCE. ? L AAI nnniiil! IIT niivml mil IMliWN IN HIVtit CfflCAOO EXCURSION STEAMER I SINKS AT ITS DOCK I MANY THROWN INTO SEA H Loaded With 2,500 PaMongers IW- Steamer Eastland Attempts to Be|in Trip But Slowly Lists and Tarns Over in Five Minutes? River Filled With Bodies. The bodies Of 901 persons, drowned when the steamship Eastland capslsed Saturday at its wharf in the Chicago river, had been recovered Sunday night after forty hours of Marching by divers. The total derd was put at approximately one thousand by Coroner Hoff;~an of Chicago, whose reports indicated that possibly one hundred bodies were held in the mud of the river by the superstructure of the boat. While only 1,002 of tho 2,408 passengers of the Eaitiand have registered as saved, it was thought that about 475 survlvers, including the crew of seventy-two, had failed to report. The Eastland lies on her side with divers still floundering through her interior and burrowing under her in a death search, while Chicago, appal led, is Just beginning to grasp the significance of one of the greatest of marine disasters. While the grieving thousands who lost relatives walked through the morgue in the Second regiment armory gazing into the faces of the dead, Chicago citizens and city. State and federal officials turned their attention to investigations of the catastrophe and the work of providing relief for those left destitute, i Whiie no families wore made wholly dependent by tho disaster, it I was said many victums had been ^ working only half time or less in reft rent months. Several men who made this report, in asking for aid, were asked why they started on the excurH slon while in poor financial circum stances. H They replied that an organization of employees gave the picnic and that H experience had taught them it was I best to buy tickets, if they deaired preferment for work. They said the company* had nothing to do with this condition or the management of the excursion, but that members of the employees' organization found purchase of tickets for the annual lake trip almost compulsory. Various theories as to what caused the Eastland to turn over were discussed. The four considered most probable were: That the boat was overloaded; that she was not properly ballasted; that a tug that made fast to warp the I Eastland from the docks started pulling too Boon; that congestion of passengers rushing to the port side attracted by some passing sensation tipped the steamer over. Electric company officials said that not more than one-third of the victims were employees, the others being members of employees' families or friends. Stories by witnesses and survivors cleared many details of the catastrophe. All the Eastland's passengers, except two or three hundred who clung to the starboard rail or climbed out the starboard portholes, were thrown into the river, crushed into the slimy mud of the bottom or imprisoned between deckB. Listing of the boat was noticed, some said, fifteen miuutes before she turned over. Capt. Pederson said five I minutes. When full realization came the slow list had become on overturn. Men. g'rla, women and chil(Continued on last page AMERICAN Ship'TORPEDOED; GERMAN SUBMARINE ATTACKS London Ilarely Announces Destruction of Steamships on Monday off Coast of Scotland. London, Monday: The American steamship Leelanaw, from Archangel July 8 for Belfast with a cargo of flax, was Bunk Monday by a German submarine off the northwest coast of Scotland. All members of the crew of the Leelanaw were saved. They were brought into Kirkwall In their own ooaiB. The Leelanaw was owned by the Leelanaw Steamship company, of New York. She was formerly the Earnwell. She was 280 feet long and of 1,8 2 4 gross tons. She left Oalveston May 15 and New York May with a cargo of cotton for ArchQ^^ihgel. T-larly In June sho was detained by the British at Kirkwall where her cargo was consigned by way of Gothenburg, 8weden, which country forbids the export of cotton. Having discharged her cargo at Archangel the Leelanaw was returnIns when sunk. ALLIES AREUNEASY Fear There is Something Behind Turk Grant to Bulgaria. Tx>ndon, Monday: Some uneasiness Is being caused in diplomatic circles of the entente allies by the report, not yet officially confirmed, that F* ~ Turkey cas ceded to Bulgaria the Turkish portion of the Dedagatch railroad. Sofia reports this cession will have no effect on Bulgarian neutrality, but the belief Is expressed in I/ondon that Turkey would not be likely to give up such valuable terriL tory without the promise of substantial aid from Bulgaria. v kysWirM Condolence*. a^xtended his sorrow to raHRMBM^BHetnt disaster Ditiiian QuvfiKPuntni ANSWERS OUR PROTES She Holds That the Order in Coonc is Within International law. Oreat Britain's reply to the Amer can note of March 30 protestln against enforcement of the orders 1 council which restrict neutral con merce, was received In Washlngto Monday. It holds that the ordei are within international law, a though they may Involve a new ai plication of principles and argue that It Is proper to await a Judlcle interpretation. The new note, in courteous lai guage, holds that Oreat Britain's a< tion Is Justified by decisions of th United States supreme court in case arising during the Ctvll War. An differences with the United State over what Is termed the new appltcc tion Of principles are held to fc proper for submission to Judicial set tinmen*:. Secretary Lansing announced r< reclpt of the note. It will be foi warded to President Wilson at Coi nish, N. H. The keynote of the British note I a declaration that the British goverr ment has steadfastly held to th oard principles of international la' in all that has been done under th order in council; and that if a net tral government feels aggrieved ther is a remedy in the courts, or ever tuaily, in arbitrationGenerally, it is held that when neutral country or port is made base of operations against a belligei ent, the other belligerent is Justifle in blockading such country or pori The action of the United States in th Civil War In blockading the Britis island of Bermuda is cited as a wai rant for the action of the British go\ ernment in preventing goods froi reaching Germany from the Unite States through Denmark, Holland o Sweden. The original America blockade on the west side of Bei murda proved deficient, the Amer! can warships were stationed on th west side and throughout the remain der of the war no goods were pei mitted to reach Bermuda that mlgh bo transshipped to the Confederat states. That action wa? sustained b the United States supreme court. The new note makes the point tha the only way to ascertain the rea destination of supplies from Amerlc consigned to neutral countries c northern Europe is to consider th amount of the goods consumed i their normal trade, for It is contend ed that they are so riuch In fear o Germany that they fall to prevent th reshipment of such goods Into Gei many. On July 17 the United States gav notice that it did not accept the or dnr in council as a substitute for in ternational law, so far as It affecte American commerce. GREAT BRITAIN PROTESTED AGAINST COTTON C0NTRABAN1 London Weekly Says England Want ed Free Cotton In llu/wo Tapanese War. Commenting upon the demand o newspapers and publicists that cotto sl all be made absolute contraban regardless of the effect on neutra nations, the London Weekly Natio points out Great Britain proteste against cotton being declared contra band during the Russo-Japanese wa and that is the declaration of Lor non tne iiriusn representatives lr slated upon having cotton placed o the free Hat. "The more abrogation of thia doc ument," continues the papei "would not satisfy neutrals of ruc interests aa those of the America cotton 8tates which wish to kno< whether Britain's command of th seas is to Juatify her in making or lr making International law as it suit her convenience of the moment." The Nation considers, howevei that if Germany diverted all cotto supplied for the manufacture of wa munitions a new situation would hav arisen, and the declaration of Ixrr don as absolute contraand could b justified before the world but eve then the treatment of cotton destir ed for neutral states would remain t be considered. RUSSIAN UNEVHOLD FIRM EXCEPT NORTH OF WARSAY Maokensen Has Been Checked Aj parently But von Iflndenl>erg Moves On. Only the northern tip of the pine era the Auatro-Germans for mor than a week have been trying t clone around Warsaw and the Rui slan armies In the Polish salient ha moved the last few days, says Lor don. This point has forced It way acros the Narew River, between the foi tresses of Pultusk and Rozan, and I advancing toward the Bug Rlvei which stands for the greater part c the way between It and the Warsaw Vllna Railway, Its objective. The other point, which Field Mai shal von Mackensen Is directing s tho Cholm-Lublln railway, has galr ed hardly a yard since It reached th village of Relovetz, Just south of th railway. In stubbornly resisting the Oei man advance the Russians are ma* Ing a continual threat a* von Macker sen's flank along the Rug River froi east of Cholm to east of I^embert Between Kryland Rokal their attack have been especially severe, compe ling the Germans to send reinforce ments to meet them. Submarines Active Sunday. One French steamer, a Brltls steamer and Ave trawlers were sen to the bottom by German submarine Sunday. The crews of most of thei were bared. , TALKS TO TILLMAN 1 ii OREGON JOURNALISTS INTER- i .VIEW SENIOR SENATOR , ?BACKS PRESIDENT WILSON , i n re -tfbuth Carolinian Attracts Much At1 ). tent Ion In His Journeying Through [l the Western States?Party Attends Iloth Expositions and Visits Sites i.. of Historlal Interest. ? The following article recently ap' peared in the Oregon Journal, pub v lished at Portland, Ore., and le of Interest to the friends of Senator Tlll~ man in this city: ^ Far from being the Are eater g which me opposition pross tnrougli- 1 * out the country had pictured him, Benjamin Ryan Tillman, senior Unltr" ed States senator from South Caro** lina, is a man of calmness and slow utterance. At the home of his daugliis ter, Mrs. Henry W. Hughes, 1124 t- East Davis street, yesterday aftere noon, he told of the triumphs of Deaf mocracy iu subdued and almost ree luctant manner. Only when asked i- to talk about President Wilson did e he become enthusiastic?and then he i- declared no man has more completely the confidence of the American a people than this man of judgment, a dignity and power. Much Pleased With Exposition, d Senator Tillman, Mrs. Tillman and t. Miss Tillman arrived Friday evening e from the south. They had Inspected h the Panama-Pacific exposition in a - leisurely and thorough manner after r. having come from the east by water n and threaded the Panama canal. On d the subject of the exposition the senr ator was inclined to be voluble, den daring that the Canadian and Call - fornla exhibits alone are of sufficient I- worth to justify the expense of a trip e across the continent, i- "I didn't have much opportunity '- to meet people," explained the senat tor. "But every one I did talk polie tics with was confident President y Wilson has been growing in strength constantly since the interchange of t diplomatic notes with Germany has d been going on. He should be re-electa ed next year by a larger majority ? . thnnlnlOIV ii *??e "He has shown himself to bo a n man of calmness, with a definite pro- E [. gram In mind which he is working e f out in a dignified way. e 0 Sees Progressives in West. "I find the Republicans in Oregon ] are of a much different type than e our Republicans back east," contiau.. ed the senator. "They are broader, h more progressive, have the idea that tj the party after all is merely a means of securing the b;Mt possible go?t'n- ' ment rather than as an end of itself. Otherwise, they would not have reelected George Chamberlain last fall and would not have elected Harry I) Lane when the state is so largely Republican. f "Now, back east, it would have taken a gigantic political upheaval to > allow the election of a Democratic senator in a rock-ribbed Republican state. It's just in line, though, with the whole spirit of the west. The country is young and has hardly beif gun to touch its native resources, n Oregon is remarkably fortunate bed cause it has its full share of these d resources, together with a scenic setn ting that can not be surpassed, d Note* Rig Improvements Here. l- "Portland has undergone many imr provements slnc^ 1 was here before, i- That was in 1907, just after the San i- Francisco earthquake and fire. It n was an amusing thing to me then to watch the rivalry of Los Angeles, Portland and Seattle In struggling to ciuiiu an me rranspacinc Dusiness < lost by the 'ruined city.' But San n Francisco 'came back' and kept the business the other cities were fight- 1 e ing over." After tarrying In Portland for a t g week or ten days the senator and his I family will go to Skagway, Alaska. ' for a glimpse of the rugged scenery 1 Pl of the Lynn canal. I^ast year Mr. ' n Tillman's boh, accompanying Engl- ? p neer Edes, saw this interesting bit of * e United States and described it so vividly that he fired the curiosity of ( 0 his sire. 1 J! Will Keturn to Portland. ' 0 "I may not get out thiB way _ again," Senator Tillman explained, t "and I don't want to die without hav- t ing seen the best things in my native f country. After we have seen this re- j ir glon, we will come back to Portland ( 1 for another week or two and then go east over the Grand Trunk." The senator is now sixty-eight v years old. Though he is not so rugged as he was eight years ago in his previous visit, his massive frame shows few ravages of time. Mrs. Tillman is also well preserved and was having a happy chat with her daughters and a few callers while her husband was entertaining the ' newspaper man. She displayed a " photograph of the senator and Tlios. s A. Edison taken together, and passed roguish remarks about the compara tlve tailoring of the two men's gar* 1 18 ments, vith the comparison by no f p" means favoring her husband. { rH An Apostle of ^duration. ,f Mr. Tillinan is a staunch Detio- , r_ crat. Before that, however, he is an j apostle of education, of the doctrine ( that everybody should be given a ( * chance, that the world owes its in- , habitants tho opportunity, at least, ^ to take advantage of the resources j she has spread forth. I That is why he entered politics in | the first place away back in 1886. ( He had come to the conclusion that ( his home state was not sufficiently equipped with good schools of the y kind that are of actual benefit in de*' veloping the resources of the com* . monwealth. The first fruits of the 1 agitation he started was the founding of the Clemson Agricultural and 1 , Mechanical college at Fort Hill, John 1 C. Calhoun's old home. Such a responsive chord did this school sound h that the Democrats put him forward it In 1890 as a candidate for governor, i is He was elected by a big majority and < n re-elected in 1892. His admlnistra- 1 tlon was featured by the passage of i ^ L RUSSIAN ARMY DESTROYED; GERMANS CROSS THE NAREW * Berlin Reports Two Great Victories Won by Gen. von Buelow and Gen. von Hindenberg. I on don reports: Two great battles liave been won by the Germans, one In Northern Poland and one due north of Warsaw, where von Hlnienberg has crossed the Narew. Berlin reports: Gen von Buelow has defeated the fifth Russian army near Shavli. After ten days of continuous fighting and marching the 3erim.ns troops succeeded in arresting the retreat of the Russians in the llstrict of Rozalln-Szalow and defeated and dispersed them. The booty since the beginning of Lhese operations on July fourteenth las increased to twenty-five cannon, Forty machine guns, more than one lundred were loaded with ammunition, a great quantity of baggage and ether war material. The startling news from the Rusilan war theatre, the capture of the itrong fortresses of Rozan and Pul:usk, the piercing of the Narew line ind the taking of twelve thousand prisoners within ten days, is overihadowing everything else. Flags are out everywhere and the ension of the German people who are 'xpeetlng a decisive battle which may ieclde the whole war, is enormous. -Jindenberg with Mackensen, should, iccordlng to the military frrlters, ac:omplish lmpor'int results. Ix>ndon reports: Field Marshal von luelow after a chase of ten days has jractically wiped out the Fifth Rusdan army, according to an official itatement received from Berlin. The mttle which took place in the region >f Ros'eny and Schadow ended with he German artillery lowing up the Russian defenses and the German avalry dashing in among the panicitricken Russians who were cut down jy the horsemen as they flew in a vild rout in all directions. Great numbers of prisoners and itores of booty have been taken, ac:ording to advises from Berlin, all of vhich it so far has been impossible. :o classify. This army which has aeen reinforced by an entire army :orps, is now sweeping northward. In what the German official report lescribes as an "irresistible attack," '.he troops under von Hlndenberg itormed the fortified city of Pultusk ind the strong positions at Rozan, orced a passage at the Narew on a vide front between these two points, ind are now prepared for an advance Lgainst the Bug, last barrier to War 131,250 RUSSIANS CAPTURED BY TEUTONS SINCE JULY 14 i hTgthing for Warsaw Shift* to the North Where Germana Claim Success. Frankfort, Germany, reports Moniay via Ixmdon: The Frankfurter Seitung Vienna correspondent says he Austro-German forces have capured 131,250 RuBBian prisoners since fuly 14, besides forty-one cannon one lundred and forty-one machine guns md other supplies. Ixtndon, Monday: Fighting for iVarsaw has shifted from South Poand where Field Marshal von Macksnsen has been unable to advance, to ho north where the Germans have crossed the Narew river along a wide ront. Petrograd has not admitted this lerman success. The Ostrolenka forress, from which radiate three useul strategic railroads, apparently itill is controlled by the Russians, Uthougli the attack from Pultusk lorthward has brought the Germans o a point south of Ostrolenka. Tl.n 1O?ao? ' no micni uci man nuixcD!) unilgil ;hem within twenty-five miles of lorth ..arsaw but the Polish capital las a second line of defense along he Hug River. To the southward he Germans are attacking the deense lines near Piazeczno, which Is wenty-two miles from Warsaw. The Russians are withdrawing all men ind material for the manufacture of nunitions from Warsaw. The stubborn hold of the Russians >n the Lublin-Cholm railroad conLnues. The Austro-German troops, Russian advices say~ are suffering inder fierce counter attacks. he state dispensary law for the conrol of the liquor traffic by the state ind the establishment of another colege, the Winthrop Normal and Inlustrial School for Women. U. S. Senate Next in IJne. Tho ITnited States senate came lext in line for Mr. Tillman, and he vas elected by the legislature over General Rutler after a county-by:ounty campaign that developed into >ne of the most bitter political fights n the history of the south. He was re-elected in 1891 and 1907 without any opposition at all, ind again in 1913. His term, ac:ordlngly, runs until 1919. Was a Farmer Once. Senator Tillman bore the sobrljuet of ".Pitchfork'' during the volitlle days of free silver in the senite. This was given him partly be ause of his agricultural pursuits, be ause he was a farmer before he was nuch of anything else?and partly mcause of hts uncompromising stand >n political questions that made him me of the senate's masters of satl ical Invective. The senator expects to take a num>er of automobile trips around Portand during his visit and plans were jeing discussed for an expedition >ver the Columbia Ttlver highway luring the next few days. One Thousand Mexicans Killed. Americans arriving at Laredo, Texts., say that In recent fighting around Mlla Garcia resulted In over a thoutand slain, the casualties being apparently evenly divided. Wilson Hunts Quiet to Work. President Wilson U again at Corrlsh, N. H., where ho arrived Saturlay, saying he did not come for a vacation,' but "for an uninterrupted ppportunlty to work." J WILSON WANTS NAVY PRESIDENT TAKES UP OUR PREPARATIONS FOR WAR , ARMY MUST BE ENLARGED Secretaries of War and Navy are Called Upon to Report on the Subject of National Defence ? Wilson Wishes Navy to Stand Equal With Any Other Afloat. .President Wilson has called for reports on the subject of national defence. These will be made to him personally by the heads of the war and navy departments. The fact that this action had been taken became known in Washington Saturday when formal announcement was made at the White House that President Wilson on his return to Washington will confer with Secretaries Garrison and Daniels on a program for national defence. The president has written to the heads of the war and navy departments for reports on the subject, pointing out the necessity for working out plans for increasing the efficiency of the military arms of the government. The White House statement follows: "Th6 president has been considering every phase of the matter of national defence and intends immediately on his return to Washington to confer with the Secretary of War and the Secretary of the Navy, his purpose being to procure information on which he can formulate a sane, reasonable and practical program of national defence." For the time being the president feels that it is desirable to drop all discussion of the controversy with Germany, now that the object of last week's visit to Washington has been accomplished, and he is turning to questions of permanent national policy. Practical advice concerning national defence from every available professional source is being sought. It is known, in fact, that the best minds of the military branches of the government have b en at work on these matters for some time. Men of the army and navy who have been most directly In touch with conditions of defence that have been evolved out of modern experience, have been called upon for their views. The president not only wishes advice from those who have knowledge of actual conditions of warfare existing in Europe, to-day, but he is seeking light from those who are able to understand and comprehend all possible phases of altered conditions on both land and set He particularly wishes the navy to stand upon equality with the most efficient and serviceable fighting sea force maintained by any power. As to the army, it is known' here that the president is preparing to incorporate in his next, message to congress a definite program relating to the development and equipment of this branch of the service. It will provide a plan for the proper military training of citizens in every way consistent with American traditions and natonal policy, and which the president believes will commend itself to all patriotic and political mind. Secretary Garrison has been at work steadily with members of the army general staff for several weeks planning a general military policy. The navy also has been occupied in secret with emergency preparations. The delicacy of international affairs brought these facts to light and officials admitted that for the next fow wpolfa t ho n nnut ion of noHnnol defence will be a foremost one. The president hopes to lay foundations for a permanent national policy particularly for the army. Details of a reserve system being planned are withheld, and it is said the aim of the general staff is to create a reserve army of at least five hundred thousand men and possibly more. Increases are planned in the regular army posts at Hawaii, the Phillippine8 and the Panama canal zones, with a material increase of the forces in continental United States. Army officers hold that ample equipment of field guns, rifles, machine guns and heavy field ordnance must be prepared in advance. It takes time to make these and also to manufacture big gua ammunition. Field gun ammunition and small arms cartridges can bo made quickly. It is said private plants to make these have increased many fold under the stimulus of European contracts. A year ago the government owned fifty per cent, of the total American capacity for this work. It now is entimated that private plants could make in a month as much as government shops could turn out in four months. /vinous army auu navy uiiiixih familiar with the latest developments the belief prevails that a military budgot practically twice that of last year will be presented to congress. The army, it is believed, will seek at lease two hundred million dollars and the navy perhaps as high as two hundred and fifty million dollars. All of official Washington Is puzzled and pleased over the statement made in behalf of President Wilson that he would take up at once the question of the military preparedness of the United States. There were opinions that the apparent failure of the president's plan In Mexico, at least, up to date, demanded that the navy be put in first class condition and also opinions that the activity was due to some Indefinite European complications. Most officials took the view that the campaign for a navy commensurate with the greatness of the republic had been successful against all opposition and the means would be found also to put an army in the field on emergency orders. In the navy, wor!: Is proceeding steadily on the perfection of the submarine and the aeroplane. Attention has been concentrated on putting the navy on an equality with the most efficient. Although the navy general . _ WARSAW HAS BEEN OBJECT 1 OF MUCH FIGHTING IN WAR In Struggling for Poland's Capital ' German Troops Swayed Hackward and Forward. From the beginning of the war, Warsaw, the capital of Russian Po- j land, has been the objective of the Oornion n,n.UD I" 11.- * v~.?>. < uiuiico hi me eaitujru iiieatre. The famous drive of the Russians westward through Eastern 1 Prussia, only to meet with disaster at Tannesberg, had a sympathetic sequel in the south, where, on November 10, the Russian lines actually penetrated Posen. Since then, however, and down to the middle of February, tho Germans had thrice advanced and retreated between Warsaw and the frontier, so . that on the foregoing date they ( formed almost a semicircle around the city. Eater the lines were gradually straightened so as to form an ai ^le, with a point twenty miles due west of Warsaw as its vortex. For tho last five months during the German drives in the direction of Riga in the north and the Russian sweep through Galicla in the south up to the last of April, and then the retreat from the Carpathians to the Polish frontier, the lines around Warsaw have remained about the same. Only when, during the last th-ee weeks, the pressure northeast and southeast of the city Increased, has the angle become smaller. Until then the name of Warsaw had hardly been mentioned in the dispatches since the middle of last October, when thousands of German prisoners passed through it on their way east. On these prisoners were found post cards ready written an'.ouncing to their home addresses that Warsaw would be taken on the fifteenth of October, tho birthday of tne Emperor William, as a fitting present on the imperial anniversary. Warsaw is a railway junction of lines radiating east and west?three in one general direction and four in tho Af hoi* TK r* v?u uiiivk Alio canicn; uues IU I | Petrograd via Bialystok, Grodno, and f Wilna to Sledlic; and to Ivangorod and Dublin and along the Gallcian | frontier. Thus moat the supplies | that have reached the Russian army , retreating through Galicia have had | to pasB through Warsaw. The three '{ lines on the west go to Ostrolenka, j on the East Prussian frontier; to the ^ German fortress of Thorn via Lo- t wlcz and Kutno, and to Pletrkow vin ^ Skierniewice. These last concentrat ing lines have measurably aided the Germans to bring a large body of <; troops to the western front of War- f saw. j This front has not yet been broken s because of the level lands almost em- 1 bracing the city on the western side t for a distance of twenty miles. Due a west of the city there is a broad i marsh over which the guns of the t outer forts have full play; northwest t and southwest there were forests which, being leveled in the early j days of the war, now form similar c difficult approaches. r f board has not completed its plans, it t is understood authoritatively that at f least thirty submarines and possibly s fifty will be asked of congress when I the reports are submitted. Work on i ships now building is to be rushed. s The general board's recommendations are also expected to include a r number of battle cruiser i, a minimum r of four dreadnoughts and a propor- c tionate number of scout cruisers and s ouvlHnrv s*rn ft onoli oo ^"'1 * J VIUIVI uuv.il UO 1UUI Oil 1 po U1IU J submarine tenders. The department is engaged with c experiments with aeroplanes and sub- t marines and also with attempts to t find a practical means of defense for I battleships against torpedoes. The t experts are said to be spending one r hundreds thousand dollars In an effort to solve this problem. C It is thought several additional f small navy yards to serve as subma- \ rine bases would be suggested. Such t a program would carry with it of ? necessity an increase in navy per- t sonnel and probably the enlargement \ of the naval academy at Annapolis. e High officials of the navy say that t a tentative program has been agreed a upon as to battleships, battle cruisers t and submarines. <1 The new program asks for two ad- a ditional hospital ships, two new fuel t ships and such a number of submarines as will bring that arm of the \ navy up to about one hundred suV a marines, most of which are to be fit- c ted with three-inch guns and the \ larger sea-going type, of the Schley a class, with several guns of a larger t calibre. A decided change on the issue of | battle cruisers has developed. One r of the experts said that the develop- 1 ment of aircraft as scouts, offensive u and defensive, has diminished the t necessity for the high speed battle t cruisers. It is expected that the pro- c Kimii iu uc ?u u milieu iu uiu pi will bo for at least six new battle- I ships of the modern type. c WILL RETURN FIRE j American Troopw Ordered to Prevent r Shooting Across iwfrder. i Gen. Carranza and Clen. Villa-have ] been notified by the state department j that the United States army will de- ( fend Americans from attack, acci- t dental or otherwise, by the forces of either Mexican leader at Naco and at | Nogales, towns on the Mexican bor- , der. e It is understood that If the Mexl- ( can factions at Naco engage again in , fighting so as to endanger American t lives, tho United 8tates artillery will f stop the fighting. Department offi- ( cials my that no plan of invasion. f even' temporary, Is Involved, but that i the fighting fofob will be driven a i safe distance from any town where | the Mexicans repeat the forbidden f tactics. Bavarian Kings Asserts Power. ' Although It has been claimed that the Oerman emperor Mono has the right to create a field marshal, the king of Bavaria has created a sensation in Germany by appointing the I kaiser a marshal in the Bavarian i army. The new marshal accepted the i appointment. I THE WAR LAST WEEK GERMAN EFFORT TO WIN WAR- * * SAW AND ITS MEANING i ATTACK ON THREE SIDES I'on Hindcnlwrg'H nattering Tactics Wins Ground in I>ir?ct Frontal Attacks in the North and Constitutes Greatest Menace to Polish Capital ^ ?What Its Fall Means. A Military Expert in The New fork Times, in reviewing last week's Ighting, says: At the outset of the war, almost before the Allies realized that war ?as a fact, Germany threw all of her orces into a sudden and tremendous jfTort to overwholm one of her adversaries so that, having nothing to fear 'rom one, she could turn undivided ittention to tho other. Then it was France that was to he :rushed, and, aB an incident, an episode, Belgium. Liege, Naraur, Loufain, Hrussells, Antwerp, all fell, the mpetus of tho German attack carryng them on to Mons, Charleroi, and nto the heart of France almost to tho tates of Paris. Then came the battle )f the Marne. Von Kiuck was deeated, almost captured, the Germans vere thrown hack across the AiBne, md "ie German plan completely frusr yet that plan and its suecesBul Cuimination is absolutely necessary to the ultimate success of Gernan arms. No military force, no imount of preparation, no military / "" system can win against such a eoallion as confronts Germany as long as ill the units have efTeetive fighting irmles. At least one of the armies >pposing Germany must lie destroyed, endered completely hors de combat, >efore the star of German victory can ippear on the horizon. Territory raptured or recovered >rings advantages, increases supplies, leightens morale, but armies, not territory, must always remain the obective. This fact has been emphasiz!d in tlieso articles several timos, and n view of the operations in the east luring the past week merits repeti- " ion. Its realization by the German general staff is evidence 1 by the presmt movement against Warsaw. The German army in the west is leadlockcd. It absolutely can not go orward. At Ypres, in the Argonne, n the VosgeB, it has been hurled igainst the intrenehraents of the Alles practically without effect. It has nade gains, it is true; has gone ihead a few hundred yards until the Vllies' reserves have been thrown in, hen has come the sudden and posiive check. Jfe- if Unable tr. nrfvonpo In ?).? ? *1 mu.miivo ill mo WCOI, VUW M >lan to eliminate) Frahce from the I onflict completely overturned, Qer- / nany has turned to Russia, in an ef- / i ort to do to Russia what sho failed A o do against France. This latest ef- \ fl ort is on a much more extensive vfl cale than that of a year ago against Vance; it is the most tremendous nilitary effort the world has ever een. Rut its success or failure will be neasured, from a military viewpoint, lot by whether Warsaw is or is not aptured, but by whether the Rusian army does or does not escape the . aws of the German crusher. I jf I In connection with the present 1/1 ampaign for Warsaw it might not I / I ie amiss to look at the reasons why 1 f fl he previous attempts to capture the / fl 'olish capital failed and what steps V fl he Germans have taken to avoid a ^ epetition of their former defeats. The tirst attempt was made last M )ctober, and when the German ofense was at its height the Germans jP vere nearer Warsaw than they havo (. ?een at any time since the war be;an. In that operation the center of he German attack was along the 'istula, while their left flank did not ixtend much further north than Osrolinka. The Russians, assembling dl available reserves, completely urned the German left and in a few lays forced the Germans to retreat? . movement that carried them back o their own frontier. ^ The second attempt at Warsaw van made later and defeated by evict ly the same strategy. At the cruial moment the Russian reserves vere rushed pust the German flank AAjl ind, by an attack on the communica- ^Hfl ions, forced a retreat. Such a defense has been made irn* flfl tossihle by the operations of the (Jer- ^fl nans t>etween the lever Niemen and iVarsaw, and lietwecn the Niemen fl ind the Gulf of Riga. From Wlndau 4H o Bessarabia, a distanco of about a j' housand miles, the Herman lino ta a \ ontinuous chain. \ A flanking operation In therefor? iii|M>ssihle, unless this eliain 1* broken at. sonio point on a front sufflclenty wide to permit the pouring A hrough of a considerable body of roops?a most unlikely occurrences^*--" llut to recur to the present Qef-^ n.\n movements and the German plan ls reflected by the operations of the >ast week: It will be recalled that liter the (oilIda fighting and the tussian retirement to the line of the Motn Idpa Itlver, a distinct lull on. ,x urred in the fighting in the southeast Itetween Hadoin and Bessarabia. This was apparently caused by two actors?one, von llindenberg, who vas due west of Warsaw and oppoilte the Russian centre, was not ready ,o go forward, and Mackensen was vailing to co-operate with him; and, lecond, the Russian resistance had itiffened to such an extent, their fa- * ility for reinforcing their line was so fi fppnt that lint littln hooil wntr A/\n1fl -El le registered until a general attack nade the shifting of troops from one joint on the line to the other impossible. Moreover, the Russians were :urely anchored along the Dniester, (Continued on last page.') Note Receives Comment, Tht^general tone of the English press 14 to praise the stand of the toio h?flyn Oflrmany, but the eom~ H ment lr^Bfctuany Is somewhat nn-^H 'avorab^^^fc^^^^_ _ _