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pui'ii i inn 'i ^ lr~^ eight > Stagres in the Devel- w ?- opment of Law. ?A The casual observer oi* average laymen is* very apt to consider the present system of .laws as a rule, desi gned for the regulation, of the conduct .of q the present generation; but to w the student of Law, Law is the # -? pyprpssion nf Tinman History, ^ - revealing the nature and dispo-' ^ r_ sition of man in the Past andl c TZ ^-Present, and even anticipating! e his Future inclinations. ' ^ , . ??-Qne has said, that "Law is the | ^ expression of the nature of 0j man; hls~desires~.-appetites. hopes, his fears, his aspirations, ' his likes and dislikes: in fact. 0] it _is._ the oufcwaoxl?expression ; 3 or reflection of his soul. |a] Whence came Law ? - Law. be-' jG gan with the creation, of mam |jr With the primitive man, might; j \X7 6 a VI nr-Vi f rw vnflin* W. ^.. V <uu ui mtuci man nveu g under the rule of the survival-of jc the fittest. Later in" human ? history, wo have the Code?of- ~ Hanvipurabi, perhaps tfte^ldest IJ body ofdawcTknowii to lnankmdfTf which in substance reads, "If C a man destroys the eye, of a- z( nother man, they shall destroy n . ; his eye." "If one man breaks g; another man's bone, they shall "pi break his bone." ~ tl Tbe-advent of Christianity ti had a softening influence upon Law, in that -men were taught "i that great and lasting principle, d' "Love Thy- Neighbor" as^^hy^tw self.". , Hi We live under the fundamen-; i tal rules of the Common Law, le because of the fact thafjwhere--~e< ever or ivliprwuror ! - .f .avAAVf V& VVliUltlUllO U1 | propositions arise which are *not! b? provided for by the statutes^ our only and inevitable resort Ip is to the Common Law. What;t< io the' Common Law?."ThejC Common -Law, may be termed ,n u?-. man Conduct, which have regu- ; a, lated *theT conduct ,-?f humanity j a from time immemorial up to the' ri present time, which in fine is v only the ultimate cosummation'tl of the combination of public o-[o; tions o f - humaiw intelligence >o: tions of human iritobj renee }t.i Whence came the. Common Law??a '?-"it-dates back intua'ntiquity, toip the time whence the memory lo: of man runneth not tojthe con- s' ! trary. Some^hav^-said thatjC< the Common Law came from " England. Did it, or did it not? " Harold was beater at Hastings P - in 106fi. apd PVfm-before h an excellent system of laws ex- L isted; for the Romans had been tl time. TVlPn mmno + l->~ "t*1 ^vwjv.13 liiSS jjiuKiia i LI England on June 15th,?4215, in; which contained one of the most is important clauses, known to Hu-jle man History as the thirty-ninth1 o article; declaring that no free- d? man shall be taken or imprison- r< ed or^>ut-lawed or banished, but or by the law of the land. . . . h The Birth of the Jury System. ,a Then conies a period fo adven-1 w ture and discovery. America | is discovered, 'settled and- devel-jui oped. America is oppressed by! O the tyranny of the English des-'el pot and the spirit of human lib-! sc erty and justice, militating a-,ti gainst the yoke of oppression;pi and injustice, brings - us^TcTfhe; tr * Declaration of Independence, | it, when in substance, declares that1 ci "All Men are_Ereetftnd Eaual."' ac America in her eagerness to de->m velop has accepted the Slave h? . System, which sooiu beoomoH-ev unbearable, and thus"^aftn,r~a{~ti long period of agitation, the i- th dea of Human Bondage in a land-ol: of Vraa -? ' li-' io cnui eiy aoonsn-;io ? ed, Hiid it is enacted by the Con- th gress of the United States thatlhs "All persons born or naturalized 1 fr United ?5tafl)es, or Terri- m I tories thereof are citizens of or the United States and of the-|L States wherein they re,si del" ? And in accompanying amend- Be K~- - men ts the right of suffrage is St E~ accorded to all citizens of the W jAiisi _ ;?^to*."?. .'?? ... .v , _. ?? ? ESTERN WOMAN COMMENDS RACE SOLIDARITY IN ARKANSAS^FIGHT: A ~~icf ? ~ ' ' ' * (N. A. A. C. P. Press Service.) . ^ Miss Alice Park, of Palo Alto, alifornia, has written-a-4?tter- ? hirh has Ww Awarded to ip National Association for t.he _ rivjmcprwpwfr rtf Colored TVoplr.} >9 Fifth Avenue, New York, n ommending the solidarity of o ffort which^ recently brought-1( rictims of tho Arkansas riofcttl f 1919. Speaking of the N. A7 a . C. P. victory, she wirtc3l th -"1 telephoned the news at i an Jose News. ~ Of course,!^ m sorry for all the long agon- E is of these men. But I rejoice n 71 IT" S 7T-5 ? - i tne evidence 01 solidarity in 111 efending them all this time, .n ,nd in final success. Iff is a 1 isson for all of " xr d t d Statea P{ lendineiiL Lu the Uhlted States " destitution, conferred full citi- v msliip upon women of the U- fi ited Statea of?America^ arid 4i ave them the right to partici- jl ate without restriction in all le affairs of^pimiicipal apd na- e onal government. ?o Today, we are faced with "the Ti n an effort to determine by a ecision of ~the "Courts, as tj3 t hether or not the cliildiren of a le present and "future genera- o ons should be allowefd^the ful o st opportunity of physical and b iucationah-deyelopffiQnt.- 1 In considering a LaW^ it must e ^considered as any other propsition, The "Why" of any t reposition is always divided in- ~q ) two' questions;?"How l ernes'?" and 7'What For?" We < aed very little thought to con-, o ider thfe-Jt4+ow Come?" of a Law t s in its very nature is inju- 5 [bus to the proper physical de- \ elopment of the child and at be same time deprives it of the S pportunity to take advantage-? f ?he more modern and substan- ial Pfinratinnal facilities; and? nd if wo have any-sincere as- irations regarding the future f American citizenship,- we 1 hould have no hesitancy in the f ^nsideratitfn. of -the - question a What" For V* r - : . t The Writer, at this time is not J ermitted to give in detail, the 8 aw from its incipiency up to 8 ie present, but this is only to^ lose who should iiappen to read I lis ilttle axticle. To study ^ ledicine, you learn the mechan- ^ tn of man. To study law, you s 4-Z 1 i? ~ _ 1 ii * ~ txiu tu jviiuw man ana me mina w f man. The actions and a *eds of men are the only true a ^flections of' their thoughts. c Law1 continues .to etevefop-afrd--t lange. and is hemming mnrfr~ umane as civilization advance Jfc i. A Law ceases to be a-law hen it fails in its purposeA law is only law when it is niversal -in its 'application, ne has said 'tha1r "Law'is^ the fort of society to protect per- ^ >ns in their rights ^nd rela- h ons, to guard them in their^ operty, enforce -their j;onacts, hold them to their liabil-.'s1 y to their torts, punish their S rimes^Tby means of remedies c' 1 ministered by the --govern-4^ ent; under these seven heads, \A Wg all the law. It endeavors ^ sve fallen, to throw around rem a mantle of charity and >livion, and give them a chance w live and enjoy the freedom S at remain* to-fehem. A man " is a right to live and enjoy the ^ efidonL^Qf-JJie-ilffi that re- U ains to him, though he has w ice fallen. Ja ~ US F. JVfcGIftT, |Y ? Camden, S. C. .. M ! sure to read "If A Man Die, ** iftll He Live Again?"?Next Ql eek's issue. at ik wwrp-tfjrriT '^y \ THE PALMETTO ANNUAL ATTUCKS E< iz_iDAYgniversary of BealTT of Crispins Attcuks, First American ?o Martyr Urged for Observance Every March f>th?Special Value Thia Year From Cool- gQ jd^e-inauguration?March-lst c?? For Equal Rights Sunday aea?? -J- ~ " " . - "Rh.sUmi, Mass!, Feb.?-The anual observance, on March 5th 1,1 j f the death of the first martyr! j 5 American Independence, a col-" retHmanr-Crifrpus Allucks, by jie^ooiorod'race in the .U. 13, A.i8?1 Republic born in his blood asL e bravely resisted British mil-jin tary occupation and tyranny, j ga ated" by the "NaTTonal "7 Equal lights League. March 5th sigalizes the race?s greatest-asset . i that the proto-martyr to the. ^ ew_nation Was colored and the League holds that its annual bservance"as"Citizenship Fouhation Day" affords a- vital op- ^ ortunity to proclaim publicity hv o white-Amerjcans-the soldier ^ /herever they have been asked ar help, from Boston Massacre ai iviliy.fltinn pvprywhpro Attucks leaflets can-be secur- ;ar d from 103 Court St., Boston,} ffice of f!nrrp?nrmrlir>rr iMJ? UCtl C" I ? ary, YVm. MohroeTrotterdf the 1 ^ eague~whichpgints- nnt: tha^j s the date follows the Inagura-1 1C ion appeals,from-the observ-,. nces in the name of Attucks. f Mass., to President Coolicfg^ L Mass., to abolish segregation y the federal government At- ~ neks died to found, will be very; ? ffective. . / "All churches also are asked o have prayers and send a res-r-lution to Prc3. Coolidge on Mar. st., .making iLJ'Eqnal-Rights j^0 5iinday^^A41- branches rrewly 1 * " rganized Leagues, Eqyia^ Rights rged to hold"meetincr? nn tyw - "l'!be th ancLseJid_resolutions to the Vhite House. ? : - " ? v *** Ml, ou IEINGARN MEDAL NOMINA- i its TIONU LLOW IN COMING jof TO-NrA. A C P 1 -fo ' jru (N.-JL--A. G. P. Press Service.) The: National" Ajsoclation^loi* ? the "Advancement of Colored ^ 'eople, 69 Fifth Avenue, today nnounced that nominations for he award of the Spirigarn Med1 in 1925 hfls hppn extremely ? low, in reaching the National hould be sent as soon as possi-^ le to the Chairman of the Spin- ^ ran?MedaT"Award Committpf 00 \ishop John Hurst, carc of T.' A. A. C. P., 6t) Fifth Avenue ,v< ? _ .. Vi o lew York.. Nominations should tate the_ specific achievement - j n which the nomination for the ^ ward is bpsed and should be 1 ' ? - srr ceompanied by full information oncerViihg the life history of ^ L A. A. C. P. WORK INTERESTS WFHTE^-STUDENTS t} IN SOUTHERN COLLEGES. ho (N. A. A. C. P. Press Service.) ^ Jll 1 I * | TTTjr George F. Coffins,lecturer fori. !re Fellowship ofTleconciliation | ^ as written a letter to the Naional Association for the Adancement jrf Colored?People lating that on his proton* jjyj outhern tour he is telling stu-[ Dnfn Viv. ..A.-**- <" jii vvnite Goutnern Col-1 igcif about-4he work-~5fzthsil?4~: l. A. C. P., is distributing N. l. A. C. P. literature and is Sp leeting-a cordial rusponseT' lie writes in part: - Di "I am glad to emphasize the rork of the N. A. A. C. P., be- Ba )re' the students???. . It' na as been Very encouraging to Yo leet in almost each colleen, lit. vi e groups, of. Southern -whites At ho have become emancipated, 3^ rgely through thework -of the . W .C. A. and Y. M. C. A. Ga 'y copy olJhfi. 'Fire in The tra lint' 18 read through very frelantly at the colleges where I op." ' " cai *. * r'naaSbr -?? iucated Negroes ?^ Waste Their Time. mez Declares?Some of- Race ^ Degenerating. . ^ ,, : Educated Negroes from the uth, who have gone to laj Re ^ ies in the North awri Wpgt? i\v York. Philadelphia, Chica- ^ and Detroit?are degenerate ^ f and reflecting no credit on jle Negro race, according to ^ >acph Gomez, D. D., of Dc- . ih* Bethel AM. E. church"^ Columbia-yesterday ^morning j d last evening. .The congre- ^ tion s numtuired-probably^more Qj an SiQW-people. it "In the recent migration," the w nister said, "many of our peo-1 pj J went to the industrial cen-i^ *s of the North and West and long these were many B/ A. aduates from Allen university xi irris Brown college pi Atlan- ^ and oilier college^ supported ~ the denominatiph. Wo hftyo|^f mid to uur surpfrise ana snsme at these educated _^Jegroes e not holding up and fhaking y od_^as p-nristians and helofull1. aders. 'but. onfthft rn"frqry7n e "wasting their lives in thejj?( d light sections and places of n< ssipation of the Northern cit- ^ h?The reason ds?that the r( ;mbcr3 ofHhis yoiinjri^ireTa^^ )TT~ are not-taking God with ^ em, and the type of education- ^ not ofthe-kind that.xonseatesa man for better living." ^ fn introducing the Rev. Gogz, the Rev. ,E. A. Adams, pasr of^tethel church; said "that T \ Gomez vfas now- building a urch in Detroit at a cost of J, 25,000 and that the funds jn to being raised largely among j ? uthern Negroes who migrated Rr that city?""GQinez Is from I 1 e Bermuda Island, was a pas-i^ r_there _antt in Canada and; f mr V--1- " =2 *-*- J ,?lit; is said to j -known imthe African Moth i^ Episcopal church through-1 t the United States as one of i best preachers, is a -student sociology and his sermons to, rtrrrnbla"Negroes yesterday 3de a profound impression." ? to State. A. A. C. P. HELPS STOP N "piRTH OF NATION" FILM IN HARTFORD, CONN. tN.? A. A. C. IV Prcaa Service.T ' ?" United protest of colored peo3 of TJnrf frrrrl?'-J 1 r< ? ...?vi.viu| v^wn., /eu vy lorelT hnnisters and the Na- ^ gjff'f Agsnpiafion- for?A4^-C ancement of Colored' People, *a ,s resulted in _?he Mayor of el irtford ordering two theatres * lere "The Birth of a Nation" ^1 n- was to be shown, to show ^ me other picture as that one 12uh^ not be permitted in the JExecutive Committee of ? e lodaJ A. A., -C^P^state^'?at the 'coming together in 24 . urs of all Negro organizations stop_the showing of this vi>s film, is Lhermoslr encourag? sign of unity, she has ever served in Hartford. aicus Gai v ey f _ i In-Greenville. = ? : '' ** ecial to The leader: Greenville, STTT, FebT ' iring the week-end Marcus rvey, Presi,dent-general of the ck-To-Africa Movement with tional headquarters in~New rk City passed thru Greerr-He this momintr pnrrnito v/uv^? 1/V7 lanta where he has drawn 5 ars from a New York judge Court. Reports that rvey was on a south-bound tin attracted wide attention, compar^y with his attendants did not leave his Pullman ?7??... f r-i l^Tirr? ' -' - ~. Saw Lincoln's Body 221 Year# Ago. For The Associated Negro Press.) Galesburg, 111., Feb.?M. O. rilliamson, white, former state easurer of Illinois, 85, this eek ,broke a silence- of more j tan 22 years, and told how he ith 15 others, opened the cof- y i Abraham Lineoln. onSej^-mbor^gO^JL9021, gazed at ,*he j )dy and then closed and scaled ] le coffin, which was feioedded - i song concrete, nevet again to ? exposed to mortal pyga. 1 w4iliameeR?wa# a member of le board uT^pfhistees 6V the . incoln Monriment, and as the 1 me drew/near for the placing 1 Ihe bpfty of Lincoln under the 1 lonuriient, the .board decided, ifh the. consent of Robert Lin- i flag the son, to opon tho coffin afore it was sealed forever. ] Robert T. Lincoln agreed to ! roposal, to set at rest rumors j lat "ghosts had carried away 1 La father's ashes.?B?44he son < vore all members of the board 1 i sFTTPry; j We had to certify that .the 1 ady was actually iiTThe^coffTn,""^ [r. Williamson said today. "So, 1 fr^HHFTTight in questibn,~we 1 eld Illihois cemetery within the 1 ew m6nument and the sarco- i hagus was carried into the ( KfflV working open the casket i itlt- chiselSr?It-was a\r6d Ce- ^ ar box lined with copper, which 5 ad been" sealed' with solder. "When the copper covering < le bust was bent back, we reerently bent forward. " - _r_ ] "There was Lincoln, Iookinglst like his last pictures, seemrgly asleep. His~faee"was dar^ 1 er Than yours and^inine are ow. But that was to be ex- ^ ected. Otherwise there was 1 flyppl v anv ? ?J??V..?msc.- .IJUa?i.ea- ' lures stood o?t?as they had ] een engraved in, my memory ] um pictures of .j "He wore a black bow tie like j leone I have on, and one-feew^ as slightly mildewed. But i lose were the only signs of de- i imposition we could -observe, i "It was an impressive"dccIT j sion. ?r- . x i "Then the- casket" waSTSgain " ?sealed^" ~ ~~? j EGRO COMPOSER'S MUSIC PLAYED BY INTERNA- 1 TIONALX' OJVLP O SJbl K S ' 1 GUILD. ? J (N, A. A. 0.-Pr~gress Service.) === "* At the second of its three mcerts _of the_season. in JNew ^ ork" City, the International omposera'-jGuild^- which spec- ; ilizes in the work of young mod ^ *n musicians, played a "Fan- ? ;asy for small orchestra and i iree women's voices," by Wil- 1 am Still; a colored composer, < 3 years old, born in Mississippi. 1 Mr. Still studied music at O- > srlin Univeisily, then at the"" ew England Con.qerv>iTorylihd 11 SKR\ "OUR M< Coleman's Sh ?i_First Cla-STWS UO^FRdEN^-STREE hrTa ? i . . . Day 199-J = PHO PATTERSOP Funeral I And Licensed All Calls Promptly i Night.?Motor Equip H09 FRIEND STREET Our Motto?' V wT Saturday, February 21, ywfc Questions and ^toswers In Negrojfetory ?? BY GEORjG^ WELLS PARKER ^ 3 x - _ ] .. \uthor of "The Children of The Sun." ~ r " ?? MPTOJ [_y~?? ^ I" " -Quootlona pertaining-to Negro Hia- ?? ;ojy anywhoro-if- of general interest, ? ind Tiot~too long,, will be answered'by' Mr. Parker in this column. When - .r? Will not permit. or the subject is " mawfl/odt subject to . proper limita* ?? dona, and when-a Btamped envelope s enclosed. Address all communica> V iions to George Wells Parker, 3423 Indiana Aventie, Chicago, Illinois. - ?? $ : ~ ? f Were the Persians a colored rana 9 r m IT T> xt /"? . jj. 11, xv., jLvaictgii) I1!. V/. The founders of the Persian ?people were closely, akin to t}>' Ethiopians and bofH the^r ?m ^ 3ian and Medean nation-^ founded by peoples of J&E . ieseent, according^ to 4hein^|^~?? legends. Tifhonus. kjng ofk bhiopia, and his son," Memnoiy *> ? were the builders of the first ritadel. A line ofEthiopian kings were mentioned as having ruled In the Shah Nameh, the Perisan epicr As late as the time of t Xerxes the Persian monarchs iboasted of their descent from the golden line of Pei^ ~yaeus. wbft. Wfta nf AfnVfrn :ent-and husband of Andromeda, - > . in Ethiopian princess. Felix Luschan, noted ehtnologistir-^ fiaims He has never found the Nordic i type among the true Persians prophets Negroes??R. E. K., Memphis," Tenn. The early prophets of Israel were a -pretty dark bunch. Moses is represented as a typi :al Negro-in ^-painting now in > Berlin and in old prints from Hebrew sources, all of the proph r are -represented as exceed?r? ngly^Negroid.?In fact, the art^ sient-Hebrew-s wore a very much? ~~ mixed people and even today there are thousands of them in Palestine who are typically Mc>- ?? sxu m everytning save tneir lanynngrA alnnp . Is-"there any- test todistin- ?? squish Negro bipod from white ~ blood??G. F. T., Cleveland,rG. None. There have been claims but they are false. The most minute microscopic tests have never. .Jieen able to develop, any difference. Human blood is the same throughout the world. Was Cleopatra a colored woman??D. L. Or,~ orinth, Miss. Cleopatra was a mulatto arid a mixture o?rGreek anrr~Egyp- ~~ Jam?? - ?1 ~ s now studying WithEdgar Va*ese, one of the leading writers ' )f modern music in New York; VIr. Still has orchestrated the scores i or a number of successful revues, such.ag, "Shuffle Abng" and "Dixie to Broadway." 7 'T 1 ^ /im :; OTTO" aving Parlor rTcUuaranteecT ?F .-= rF-. Newberry, S. C. < ??> i T^r? ? ?it ? n i - ??* - . ?III ' " ' c >NE^ 4 & PRATT directors vfl I Embalmers 4T. | Attended to Day or ment. ^ ^ - Newberry S. C. I SERVICE" I ?*? .