University of South Carolina Libraries
. .-V- '"A* "*1 - - ?? inn \\ mmmm wwum I ij unram-'juim m.w n nun n n?11?imh,! h 1 Clni \ \ d f%Hr\ ft i, 1 /s A J ('< j A-\ ,...(\ A VV A ,<V I \?S v\ ^S.^V ??7' ''IS _fe /s/D >0 !- yj i/ufp wnih nPhu r 11^ iJw#'W? f? p1P#iri% :>u >' ^ ^ v i4-' j&s i^- + B.EY0TE? TO MTHKATUEE, THE ARTS, SCIBKCB, AGRICW&TGRB, HfiWS, POLITICS, MS., M. _ TERMS?ONE DOLLAR PER ANNUM, | "Let it bo Instilled into the Hearts of your Children that the Liberty of the Pross is the Palladium of all your Rights."?Junius. [PAYABLE IN ADVANCE VOLUME 1?NO. 5. ABBEVILLE C. II., SOUTH CAROLINA, FRIDAY MORNING, JUNE G, 1856. WHOLE NUMBER 161. 'ruis i:*oa-:i?*3*e>C:'fl' ' Viujukiiku \vi:i:i;4.v% at a:si:i:vii.t.K, s. . A T 0 N E DOL L A 11 A Y K A 11, H'AS a circulation of nearly c?n?* l>iou?an< ia Aliht'villc 1 >i<tninl i* :i:itI\ MUToiishiir. " -Its eirei:4a?ion in litis : Jntv i: about fourteen hundred, ils entire ii -V jVlbseribers uunih<>ir> over sixteen huu<!? ?!. I ?8 therefore offered to the iiieivaiitilo mi<! busi ricss community generally as the best adverti ving medium in the iqt-eountry ol' South Car 'olina. HATES OF AUVCUTISINO* 1 square ? months x | ih 1 square C> months - - - . - - - - l! (n 1 square 12 months 1" ot 2 squares months 2 pquares (i months lu (n 2 squat 03 12 months 10 ?ti a squares :? months S im :i squares <> months 12 n( "o squuru.s 12 mouth; 2'? ih 1 Squares :> months In in 1 squares C mouths ] r, <n I wjuarc* 12 months 2"> i? 't fcqunivs :i mouths 1 <> 0 squares 0 month* - - - - 2<i " tr> sijuaix-.} 12 mouths :;.i or tSi'*" A'lvorti-cnu'iiliu.ici*(>'<l for :i .hoi-t.i jii'i'ioil than 111m? months v."ill < 7." !? ? h j?::i: (I 2 li:ir:- <#r ! .-?) f??r 1:i--i. iiis.-ilion suol ::7 j I'-r .-'[>:ar<- for ??;>?-h eoi,uui:a:i?-.-. [sii'" Ajiv "ii - si.lvcriisinir hv :;nni:::l ?ij-^5nuuiial contract can vha:ijr?: hi- a-!\ i-; t monthly, ii' ho C.W ^uh-oi-ih'-r.- to th<* |v.! o >*:. pot j>ay tln-ir : uh.-(.-s ij>:;o;.:; v. ilhi:i 5v?-;.r \v:ii !:. rli:ir:rv<l iM .V). [ ril >, msoELxjAxr?. Epeecli of Hon. F. W. Pickeus, JjCjOi'C the J }<),'! I :<") (' (tC S.'a'c Colli';. Colr.jiLif, Ma if lb Hi. <Sknti.i:mi:n or tiik ('oxyi:xtion I Veti;ni you mv tluinks t*<-1 ti:u w:y I;!;.-! maimer in which yen pSi-as.-*! to revive ! 110. i wouM li:ivo ih-ciinod li: j? itio'.i you have callvl-iuc to a-, time as your silling olii'vr, tor I desire no notoiielv whatever i?i pithSio nll'iirs, hut for one <o ,-i h-raUon, and that is, tliat I htiow tl,?jVu is coii ?;>ider.'tb!a om>o:.-ii!*,n tu tin; of t !,:. > Oonvcyt'.ori in nrmy rocti.-.us of our Stair, ?iiiti it is im.-.l. ness. ntler these riiviunsiaijcep, I ?!o n<;t v. i-h to npj? i4?- oi'.ih tw ,.v .!! t ,j . responsibility, <>r tu diva ! any >har? of viturpuralioli. It has been the habit of my life to meet tvciy responsibility imposed on yje l>y those whom I esteem a-* my friends, and I have always ha.! to encounter my full .- hare of denunciation. < >u this occasion, whi^e 1 .shall nut avoid the , 1 shail def\ the other. ]f I am correctly in formed, the solo obii-i-t of this Convention i:> to send I'v-Ieirate* to represent the people of this State in the Cincinnati Convention, which meets to nominate, for the Democratic party, candidates for President and Vice-President of the United States. '] lie objections to this are ?iiist. that it has not been the usual custom of.j?outh Carolina to do so ; and h-cond, that it leads us into a corrupt struggle andconto.it for the oljices of the Federal Government. Firs!, as to custom, I trust you will hear with me while I look back briefly into this matter. As the issue habeeu made in South Carolina, it is important that we should understand the history of it, >or at least somjj points? beariitg-upon St. In the clause of the Constitution winch creates an electoral college, it was origin. ally iiU^ndod by Mr. Madison, andv other*, * that the electron of President and VivePresident should be removed from the peo' > ' i _.1. . . .1.... J)10, JUKI ueyoiiu mo reacu <>i |><ijhi;;u ?\v citbment; and it \<*as intended ili.it the i ke toral college should chose whoever tin-v thought proper, without reference to :nn previous indications. ]>ut, in the progres.of events the theory was entirely changed .and the elc?lipn of electors was, in fact, th< < elation of "President, for the lu.dv \va " ?> pledged. in advance to one candidate or an .f' other. The clauRo in the Constitution, a: it origiyallv stood, only provided that the\ should vole for two names, without desig nating who was4o be 1'rcsident, and win wns Vice-President, hut the highes should be President. In 1800, the contes between the Federal and Kt-publienn part i was bilter and excited. Ji-flWson a:nl linr .eh}'run by the latter,- and it fell into tin House?they both having an eijunl nnm bar of votes. Iturr was voted for as I'rcs ident/but only intended bv the llepubli . ans ill. the electorid college to be Vice President; and yet the Federalists, takin< advantage of the technical flaw in the Con __.i 1. t*i ? r it i? i \suiuuon, wmcu-proiuiwea mem irom lies t ignatiiig who was for President, and win for Vice-President, actually rallied on 1 >ur for President in order to defeat Mr. Juffei son, Who was the mostgdious of all men ti them. Tlic balloting continued by Stale in the .ffipusc fora length of time, until th ^jfiovernmciit approached well near to a bil ~ter rupture; so/>inuch so, that Jefiurso liims<i)f said, if continued, Virginia woul arm. 13y?a member or two from Sout Carolina, who were voting for Burr, at la; dedininsr to voto at all. tho election wi 0 J * ' made in favor of JeffyrsoD, amid inteni excitement, ami great danger to tlio pernfi uence of the Gofttrnment itself. The fee ing of danger was so wide-spread, that tl Constitution was immediately amended, j ;js to make it the duty of the electoral co to designato on their ballots wlioi tliev^jntent 1'resident, aiid as Vic ]'resident. The country also saw tho grci danger of corruption, and a ruptiwre of tl - niM ' '.n?y- -n iiil?ih^> ' ? i < JuviTiiiiiciit, l?y the election fitlliiiij into the ! House of lii'presentativc.s and (> prevent I its recurrence, ami looliing .wiili abhorrence ; upon the disgraceful attempt in the Federal | j,party to .fwn.-o iiurr upon! the country, the .! Uepulilican party re-oif'd tosi;ino nimlf l?y t'; which it was i?? lie prevented in future, i . . . 1 i Hence the Congressional caucuses of thr '! Ki'pttbiiean party to concentrate, l?y nomi! nation, the w!(>.!? strength ??'* tin? party, j and to prevent division. !?y whit !i t!i?.< duei toral college might fail to elect, and throw , it a<xam into the lionof lleprcicntativcs. ?; Su at tli>: end of .Mr. .!< Ifcrson's n-eond ' term, Madi <>n was nominated over Monroe; '; and so at the end o! Madison's second term, J Monroe was nominated over Crawford, and Jolliers. Then during Mr. Monroe's admin . ' t - i 1 . .-tuci ur.j war, in" 1 ? IvI'm!;--"with 1 l!if i)(.!l;nn i.f n]?i^ 11i?_ \v,ir, :!!)<! t;i ' juililim - i:>n!< r IWsrr. I !! itttellv i <>\\. r!. Mr. .!. <?>. ,\ \..:is-=. t!i 'I *. 4 . i 'm l!tcijn.;tl ! ;i-i?.-r -1 Ipii'v. Ii i<! ' !-.-5:;t_Vci| lln iii l.i:u!<* :t merit <!i>c!'i- . 1 -in<^ tlu-ij ti> Mr. .m !! ! 'mi. ;it>? 1 h 1 i lirn.l <!!ie<: !::: ! r I::111 :i:k1 Mr. M::<1 , isoii. !! nai\\ \v:is S.mvlarv ? !' in:, iff .\t r. whsrii rt ?iiMiin:i!:t' t? < 1 !.:s i-. v.:ii>!. 1'iuVr lii.- iulri^in\w | l"ii!!y. (' rlhe is:1. linn1, t? :?!;:'.? ?I v.!::?!. Mr. I>!.;.>! !? .?! v.f ?< :< :;il ' 1-V.hr:t!is:?;;!l Mr. Mo:, ! r. i-'s >tr;it:<>;> wns in i"> in v, ;i!nl x'.-iii.--] to 1 > <1 v. illi jtlio i;i< a! <>t' 11 :tt!i:It??ti. \\!i'r!i \v:w , 1 l . , 1 . . I to nr.,.:-: ;:j> mv <:o:!?ti'iivti"t! was w.m:ii"_T in grants < ;' j> \Y!?:it u;; , '! ! >!r. Craw:''r.I, 'Mr. A Mr.' I.'.v, Mr.' :tn>I (<. n. I:i>.!:- ti. I -.-'cia;!. a ptir'y. not lii'iia-f Is : .".in :!i ro \vim j.'*;u-:! !? ].: ! ::t or !:: ? ? >;iv fur :i :vi?: . < :.:.?-r if < !. ( ! v.< ,;! ! Mil! ! l: !!;i!, i;-iv.i:!.-1;.i..iii ^ t.,w:ir.N ; >i-'m.-t: <?:' Mr. M urii-'s tf,i.i. Mr. (V..'u 1 :* ? ! !' t !:e ui' a < 'mi?r<.> ! i ?jt.i! i-.muui-, :til l < !' nU tli?* ollu-i> : ; !< iii;iiui v>! it. '!!.. t<? k ji'ruvj < !' o.i:r.-v il ii.t.. t!..> in lS'Jl?Mr. A'!.mi>. Mr. ('r.-.wfottl :it ! < ' n. J.t. '.xiii, 1-v.iii" *.!;< ; lliii j liT^is -t - * >on. .i::ri:?n:i m*?*j\i:ii; a; ; i?lu::i!i'y. Aco'iuin^ l. lite !:< !iii: (;iu?l >j-iiit iif >;ir iuMUutiuits, i!??|i<>ii!ar will, lw (<i haw I-o-n < !< rt.-.!, i.ut l?y ci'inl>iiiation !i? wasT!k-i.' \v:i? nit a.!;.limit"! ca:\: <,!' \vr:u#i'.\ 1' 1 v.u | Mr. Clay aii-l Mr. A.!:u;;>, r.??tv it!:- ' i this :uai lh:;ir i< I- . ;<!? ! ; ::co o:i n:a;:y yet li<- v?t*.>r = i ana, uy lil> )l;::uelire III I Ik* I i? >i>: *.*. ?! > ! I Mr. Adams, and immediately aee. p!> l ihcj ehi<*f ?. !!!- ?. under him, !?-i-!::|-incr X!?::L it i !ia 1 11. i-!i u-ii:il to eleet the S ! !.-ay of Stale (''iii'f >i:i^i>t:ati', and tli.it la- * -it:jl?t 1 it a saf< /Vice'c/i/, II produced a hiiist of, indignation and a universal cry of bargain.! iiiwijiii^ and corruption. ']':?? dan-.vr j the eleeiion falling into the !! >u of Itepreseiitiitivcs, ami its divadful and j>r? tV.-cta uj?>si all tli?: fountains of power' ; were deeply felt by all classes. Tiio scones : j that then tcvurred mid the danger to tins Republic. were painted in ?^lowin;* colors by oik: of our most beloved an 'islin^uishcd i '! statesmen?a statesman,' irritv of whose * ( motives in public," were 1.. : eo(ttal!rd l>v , (the trauscendant and grorift.ous bursts c.i" his passionate eloquence, d can mean no' 1 -otlicr than (jeoi:^<5 MvlHillie, for in lierv e!i otpii-nce he stands without a rival in South 1 ('arolina. 11c was a iiKiuher <4 ( i ;it the lime, ami in ilepicling the dangers, exclaimed, if this election istof.tS! into the. House of He]nesentativos, aii'l to l?c rcjieatOil, "your corrupt liberty in thi* the sent of l.her vitality." Ami in this Mr. Calhoun y Concurred, for although elected Vic*.--I'iv.mj dent l>y the college, having hecii voted for '1 l?y hot!) the friends of Adiuus and .Jackson, ' \vt he threw the whole weight of !.i* inllui in f-it'iii* /. ' tuo/li\ii ? *?k ...... the open grounds of defeaiim; a pi.-ni f;ttal to lil.i'ily and the existence of tin-' ' <iuVLM:in<-iit, if repeated. tl Jl was hi* IVictids?Mel Mill'n*, llavne, . Hamilton and others?who fought tin-halr tie in favor of Ceil. Jackson, on these , grounds, ainl in 18*28 carried thu election ~ I l>v acclamation, and Mf. Calhoun was elect-. _pcd again Vice-]'resident on Jackson's tiekJ et. No Stale in this Union took more interest in the election than'South Carolina, iir ucnt into if with iiini'M T!w? ?m??. 1 rage had been ?o great by the LIouso of Representatives, in electing Mr. Adams, ; lliat there was no nyed of a Congressional r caucus or..nominating Convention to con' contrate public opinion, for there was no dir i division, and Japkson wasetbeled by acelatnas; lion to wipe out the outrage. In the previous 0 contest the friends of General Jackson, as well j :is Mr. Calhoun had taken decided ground n > against Congressional caucuses, because Mr. lio.l Knaniiinlnrl iti nn/> on/1 ll ???^ lUllllliUUU ? ? VilV, <?IIU l( i (ho olttWs had mu. against the nomination. 3t I Therefore, they cofildrjpevcr after fall back yjlto that course;' but when real division wsprang up again^ifihey resorled'to National ^..toofiventions substUute. This was tho j_ caso in 1832, as.to tho Vice-President; an^l j Jackson was tfie unanimous choice ns tn the president, although ho had said ho j_ would not run a secoud time. Tho^only Mivision was as to the VioatPrerifent, and a_ Air. Van Burcn was n<y#jjsg|c8,l while Jacket; son was ro-uominatcd witnout division. In lc the moaftme, during the adininistrftSon ol . Mr. A> lams, his friends, formed what was <::/!lod the* National Republican party, and claimed to bo a sub-divisioi'i of the Old Uc publican party, hut they in reality drew in, ,to a ureal extent, the remnant of the < >!d 1 i-d"-!:;! party, htul by their doctrines soon itia?le a platform so national, that any I'Vd rali.it could >tand upon it. The first great i.ssttf that Mr. Adams and ('lay made was in tin: J'annma mission, and the principle* a-si'ni" d made the distinctive division of ! parties. The State 1 lights and 1%'adical >i !>.>< !, as lli. y \\thi'H call?-.l, !?_ 1 ] into opposition in ili.'t jjiv.-it in the Son:itc. Thr iivxt ?;ival i.ssthj I?v the National Io publican.-, umli-r Ailams ami f 'lay, a taiitl* t<>r distinct protection, i" i' .v, roiiiiccti'il with an (. nlar^-d system of internal improvements. Tlio State il'iL'ht-. U? pnl?lirans took ?;ronn?l in opposition, an*I hence JUosy tliai. threat d'-hatc |i'is> nrSMltlUoll-v w 11 *!l .'ill till! It lelliis o! <!? !!. .1 ?n. v\ii!i Mr. iiuiniv, lYoin T< ti ih-v-i.v. ;:l llivir !:?:i<I, < Up tlio pliiici p!f.s ?.f Sla!i> interposition, awl even nwlliliciilion, ;is i-iiiIii:h-? 'I in tins Virginia iiilit>us (>l I i! i w;i> on tins oei'asioii tis.ii ' i?-n. 11.:vu?', <ii. tiii'iui>lu<l for liis lofty :i*i? 1 :o\:?:? I i linr.icli r,:h!>>)n? il a> it was l?v pnrn patriotism anil jjlowint* <'loijUiMi?v, in;;<!e liis m'l-al >pi ?'. !i in reply to Mr. \WI>l<-r, uliii-h ? ;!. Jai-ksttii \vr??t?s liim lie !;.;<! priati;.! < ;i j-alin, aii-1 pl;sc<.l in his library. :ss i-uh'.amiin;- the tru?; theory of tini" 'isrt:t xlI*'ii. Siton after liis c-!?*cti??n. how < v? a nijitwrv: j>!a<*o bctwvcii liim ami Mr. t'Mi. ;i: 1 involvi il jn i>oii:il 1" ?. !It 1;11 w i :iL c?t what <u-r.. !ackson <1 to !? Mr. Calhoun's course in Mr. M..iii..c*s tin il lation to tin; S. iiiiiio!..- *.i:?j>:i?it'll, aiul liii* taking of i\ arola ainl i!,.- haraiiea-. It is .-uiiiri. nl v t! at i: ]ir?<iSiu-? <1 a viol.-nt ruj.tuiv. In i; itii Mr. ('aM'.otm !' 11 into a minoi',:\ in :!:< Lir<'..! ? :.; !v !ia<l Miion!I . ' i. T.-.I i .. \ i.i ?>n.-i iii-^ iilf 1 i:?t:??:?. 'i'l-i-n M.oii r. ton, i: > i .i? s v.liit '.i invokvtl tinu'. lit i.i! iji'.i . > uj> >:? v.!iii !i tin: r:uivn>:. Iiu>! !->vi! ?ii: i ?<sct!: ami tin-:u!iniiii.st!;i!iiui itn.k iij> Jiicksitsi tialli'tl a jinliviv'H 1:u:1), ! i' -rt-'M-f.- rill 'i.( li, n. "Mr. < Mh.vtn :11: i u;r. iri'-n n-f: ten ^ ..p... ..v. tiai'tf, . .l!'! i's nt.tl \i:al ]?iiiiti|>lis. involving ultimately i:t tlu: last resort. I lie* ..I' State inletp.'.-ilioii, t:iki;r^the i ! jjliiou;::'; taken i:i < or.iuu.ti witli <!en. la.-lvM.uV fiiriak on the -Wooiki.s l'.ili;' ..II.! taii;!' 1 L. for.: the i lr. lioii. In t Lis at ruj.ttiiv, ati.l in theso threat i>:-u.->. i! \v;;? nalrn ;,1 for S..:il!i ('arolisia t<i lake si<k> v.;th her m>h. Ho lta.l L. the [.ink- an-1 or:iam"iit of 'tis State, :;i?i ha.l ill n-t r;:t < ? 1 the >|?iiit her instil it-, tions with :i nol>!.: intellcet :m<l fervent ]>ntriotUin, <?:? t!< : most trying oeea.-iuit; in lart. hi.> ! ! iiliaut m-niuj; iut-.l illuminated the iviiioiv^t r?>nihies of our State, and eaeh ami ev*rv one of hers delighted to l>a.--!c and to ft:vol in it* :-i.'.*i ai?l giowiny; rays, ovf>a a* man <! lights in the <;eii;.nl miii ot: early >|tri:!!;. a.i he l!in?;? his ninimiii; liyht over the vall.e.s aiel j.;roCl> hills of the land, all n ajjini; \v:in j??v liiulcriiK- plastic liatiU ul a bcm-Sia-nt (ioi!. \Y*, it was |?cifvc-tly natural t?? take sides w it!i oiipii a mail an.! t?> s.land by him. al|]iyw:'li he ini^'it fall into a minority, 'i'lio issues became'more vi?i1eiit and derided, imlii it ended in . tlio Taiill" of ltftt'J ; anii this State ]unsning thepath of herpiolWsed l?rii;t:il>!?*s interposed I.itsovereign authori tv under ilie most intense excitement. This produced universal public discussion of the principles involved, throughout (he Confederacy, ;;i.d ju.il a Jew weeks before the act wa? t<> be ]iut into operation, which the State in Convention, assembled, hail declared should be null anftvoid, as Virginia had done in the alien ,/liid Addition laws, '"the Compromise" was introduced in the Senate by Mr. Clay, and hurried through the II.uiso, mi that in fact I he Government repealed its own act before (lie da'y arrived on which it was to commence its operation. This was Stale interposition. All these events produced the most intense excitement, and of course threw us for years out of the -party movements <>I tin: general Republican party of t!ie Union then lead by Gen. Jackison, and of course in general nominations , wo took littl'j or no interest. Those who were with us were called the strict State Kiglits school. Mr. Calhoun, in the moan little, had resigned his Vice-Presidency and gone into tho Seriate to vindicate the course of the State and hW public career. In tlie | great contest with the National Hank, Gen. j Jackson, for Lhe iirst time in our public affairs, had in his messages, appealed to the I people of th'ofcation as a vnolo, as contra distinguished horn thepeoplo of the. btatos of the Confederacy. Audience tlio great ! majority of tlio party asaujiujd tlio name J of tlio Democratic partyContradistini guislicd fiom the \Vhig pfltty, a gcncric name, that had sprung up and was assumed ; by the old National ltojtt|l>Ucans under Mr, ! Clay. Our party retained.^ the namo ol j State Rights Republicans, apd stood on maI ny measures befevcen th^r^ff^. ^So mucli I tl.nl Sr. lOOb '41./. Dnmnnrotif j OV, klltll III JL- yui Urtl J) ^UuO^.bliV j^uuuumuv. ! p;irty./ijptlenAhS iead^mft. ^Polk, ip tlic Iioj^e,introduced tbe-fqimttKLbill orgnni zing what was called, the BfflS^auk systonii or State?Banks as ' -States .Bank again ' f monies, and the State Rights party undei the lead of Gen. (Jordoti, of Virginia, iutru dueod what is now called the Independent Treasury, to save themselves fiom heiii" i :dtsiirbm! l>v oitlwr ;is t.? n ci-.m! t?i!. I - - .I--"" I" j-l* , ;I wasiIk-ii a very young member of tin j llou.se, for the lirst lime, and voted for tliir! ly-two others for it, in lite shape of three : resolutions, embracing the identical prine.i{|?les of ;he present Independent Treasury ! of lite, 'ierieral Government. In I8JJG, the j National Convention noiuiuateil Mr. Van : I 'men, and In mi our peculiar position at i lliat period, il was natural for South Uaroj lina lo feel no interest in the general niove! incuts of the more national branch of the I party. !t was not so much bee;:use she j opposed their policy of organization, bill ' because -he was iuditfercnt, having been al| ieiiatcd from the general party by her j course on many exciting points. Tliing> . thus stood until the spring of when ; universal suspension of the l>anl;i tool; ! ..I i .. :.i .1.... i - o i .1 ; jm.h 1111*i \>iui ui.u, \% 11;il u;:s r;iiic?i ui?* : IVI J?:ink system l,l<\v ti]>. Mr. Van l>u! ivn ra'luv! an extra .;e:-hin?i <>f <'oii^rops, :ui?l wns 1(? ???% 1 i - - ' | TreaMii v. 'I Ito .1 ai-k^oii tirauoli of tin! I ratie. parly had warietl upon a Naj tiniial I San!.-, ami properly warie.l upon ii. ; tor I va*nl any period of my lit'.-, an<! I ! eoinnx 'iuol pnMii: 1;t*? at ihu early a?jt?i of tw?nt\ tluve, a I nit< <1 Stales Hank man. ' Mr. \ ; n I'miivi! eoiihl not recommend tli.it, tain! tin; favorite autatjonisl ineastuo of the j State l.<aiiK'> 1 i:i< 1 blown lip. So there was i no alternative 1>::L the lu<!epeiii!eiit Treasn ry, the very identical tiK-asuii! tliat had I ii "en i at rod need, February, I j, l?y <?en. ! CorJ.xi, :iit<l lur w hie!) thirtythree of n> . then v 'I lii-. j??ilioii of tlie I'lt-siik-nt, 1 iin'!i (!: hcatl of the ?ivat 1 etnoeralic parly, of rotii>e invoivt.il !I those jjjreat ! |ii*iiit:i]-!<'s coiiiivctfil with tin? li-cal Jietii of the < ."'Vt lament, uhieh I: at lint lotm iatioii > !' our ulinr system. At tin: e.\tra su-ioii of isyT, 1 w;is ;i]>j?oiut<-'i l>v the , 1 ifintiir.itif. paity to call ii|> a!i?l take thai^f of ill" Sul?-'rnaiury bill, in tin; I ('oimnittce of ilnj \\ hole ; I tliil so, ami I after ? isciis>io!j, a motion wa> math; to re' port i' ami tin n lay it on the tal>le. It II In* ojilv member from South < "aroTma \v"h"? | voted f..r the meaHire that .-essioii. I was i iciiMiit il .-evt ivlv for it in dilfireiit lent-. of ' 11!? Slate, as it was supposed at thai timer, ; !i> savor too much of support to the general I >?-moenitie j?::rty ?J?d Van Huron for (In* 1 |ni!ii;i'.-><i| ihis State. ]5iit as sonii as Mr. , < ":i!11??i!H took his stand lor it, public M-nli menl here changed. llis .great speeches : on that subject soon brought the Statu to i act cordially once more with the national ! |>arly, from whom we ha<l been partially ! ulieiiiiteil lor several years. Woihen went i into tlic campaign with tlieiu, and Mr. < \n1! lsouti becamo reconcile! to Mr. Van Huron, even so much so, that he dined with him, | and it was publicly aunouueed through tlic ; Richmond Kiupiiror. We afterwards went : into caucus wjth them on all important I (pifstions; and in the great content of 1 S 10, (?ov. Thomas of Maryland and myself, wrote j the address and resolutions of thu Demo cratic party, upon which the canvass was ! conducted, or rather in caucus the report j was made by Mr. <Jrumlv, ami on the ino' tion of Mr. 1 'oik it was referred back to a suh-coimnittcc of (iov. Thomas ami myself, an.I we remodeled it. South t 'arolina went j heartily into the conte-t, ami the liomiuu tion of Van Buren was a more nominal ; matter, as there was no divi-ion. We were ; beaten, because the resolutions ami report had too much strict principle fur the times, ' ami our opponents under Harrison carried it wiihout principles, or rather fightingfor a i National Bank in some sections and against ' if in /lltl<.i-~ llll.I <>!' II till! Sllll/.V ..I ? I ? v t s i issues. At the extra session of 1842 tliev | endeavored to carry every thing iu thu ! shape of a National Hank iu some form, j but were defeated in all. Tliey .succeeded in tlie Tariff of 1812. The compromise of j 18:13 made a biennial production of ten ! jfcr cent, to run for ten years, and at the ' end of iliflit-time to be reduced to the wants of an economical < orornmont. Tlloy pot the first years of the protection afforded, and before its latter years fulfilled its final ' operation, so as to give us the benefit, it, ; in shrtfneless disregard of all faith, was re| pealed by thu Tariff of 1842f-introduced i bv the same irtnn who had introduced the compromise of "i 853. J his was' carried against tlie opposition of the .Democratic party,-except two distinguished Senators, | Mr. Wright, of and Mr. Buck: anan, of ?Pe?nsylvdfSiiu i It was these great questions that brotiphi (South Carolina iiltb fj4.ll communion witl . | the Democratic parly Sf the iTuion, so thai | in 1843 wo called a Convention of Dele gates exactly similar toMho assmbly her< ! now. Mr. Calfi6un had mado a great im pression, and wfts freely spoken of for Pres . ident in all parts of the Union. Soutl f Carolina took an active part in nfttiona politics. The Convention of this Stata me 1 aiwl nnminatp/l liiin lit lt.n nAminfl : tion at tlic Baltimore Convention. Th< ? Convention,also made an argument as t< tho plan- of'electing and organizing tlio Gen ^ jferal Convention. Tbo prominent noraina Pit Mr. Calhoun By this State immedi dro#*the fire of the friends of all th idatcs of the-pld Jackson Democrats . These wcre^^lr. Vau Burcn, Mi y II I I 11 ?111 WmWMCBIB Cass, li. M. Johnson, and Mr. Buchanan. In the meantime, towards fall, Mr. Calhoun | published his argument against the mode rjand manner of organizing the Baltimore i . j Convention and its evil tendencies. There j !! had been two Delegates for the State at' ! large elected by the State Convention, but j under this letter of Mr. Calhoun tlio Con-' ! gressioiial I )i>trieLs were indiHerent t-? elect-1 ! ing any Delegates as piopr *d by the Slate : < j Convention, and 'lu re were none appointed.; i I Mr. t'alhuUli'ii li:in>i! wm* IV..... : the papers of this State. I hit justatthi:; jinn-- [ I | lure there began to loom up another great i ; absorbing question upon (lie huhlic horizon. } I The l"iic .star of Texas had risen likoafi^ry i i meteor tioin the bloody (I<*!iIs of San Jacinto. ; lu 18:!8 Mr. Van Huron and his Secretary I j of Stale hail refused to consider the fpics- I j lion of annexation, audit had died away l i until INjy. The Uriti.sh (iovcriiincnl had < ' inteifei'-d to prevent annexation, avowing : through .Lord Aberdeen, that her oh i joet was lu produce emancipation through |: the world. This exeited the. pnblie, mind.; I ;ui?l t!u? tiiiln li?!f??l* M? ' M ' - Kilt;;, titii" Minister in l'Yaneo, made tin- j: ! wliole Soiitii alive to the delieate j | :itu.! vast inteiv.M. involved. The canvas*. : for the I 'residency li:ul narrowed down jnet 11 1 Iv milch lo a contest between Mr. < 'lav :in<l ! i Mr. Van I'liivn. A majority of the I?.-!?- : I ?;atcs already elected were known to he in ;< | favor of Nan l'?iiren. A in 1 it was supposed ! I ! that Mr. ('lay an<l Mr. Van Hindi as 1 hewIs of tlie two parlies could sink tin-J. i Texas ijut'Mion, and make the election turn ] < on t!ie o|t 1 issues nj>i>n which Mr. \ an * ' 1 linren was defeated in |:>IU. There had I < 1 lieeii a jjreal re-ae.tion on lliem and il was: l J I IK'Hjriil in; COUI" I IHHV Iji! elected. .MI". j I ! ("l.iy \v?s !tt Kalei<rh, ami Mr. Van l?iuvnj< near Albany, ami vol their lcltcis against ; J annexation of Texas a|>|>caiv<l in I In* Nil-! I tiniial Intelligencer, at Wa-hinijtoii, if not ' I ' the very same ?lav?on;; appeared ? !>?. <lay I ! atnl the other the next. Thi-> 1???like i j collusion, ami il was universally believ?l it i : wits bv consent ami umiersJamlin;;, iuiil .? tbunco rose thai Conflict which en !< ! in < I I ho overthrow of N an Huron. Tin; 1 >emo-1? ( ratio, party wore too sotiml on prineipio to; 1 ''flY.-"AVhijrs," who" il is' notorious nt\vny*i5 t'. lI..1.( r.,r ..t.^li-1/.l .11.- ?? I . r. I i , loader, ar.it Iw load them to defeat. Al ter j , I ho a)i]>caraiicu of these two letteM from : i Mr. ('lay mid Mr. Vail lSuivu against an- j ' invasion tliu vMritciiii'iit heeaiiiC! intense.' and Mr. (.'alhoiin wrote Mr. Klmoru and . myself to i;o mi to the llaltimoiv Convention liy all means, and to have a tiiei-tingl in ( ton to ?jel others to .wo with lis,; I ! it IIIIJMM I.IIIL n; I.IIU rHJIHll, aim II) | (lie triumph of Texas, i was very reluctant i logo, under tin* ciivunistances, but we did. i ! g?*l a lew together at Stewart's. Hotel, ! | 01i:ule>ti>u, and could get no one lo go, \ ' (except Mr. Aiken, the present member of, I Congress. W e attended the Convention, I I not however as regular members, but when ; t Mr. ['oil; was nolniuated wo were called on . to speak, and we cordially approved of it. Mr. J'oik was for annexation of Texas? i 'sound on the Tariff?internal improvements I 1 ?Bank, and. all groat <|iieslioiis; and as to . general politics, occupied the same ground 1 I f with Mr. Calhoun; and but for Mr. Cal-h honn's lutjvr against..the organization of; I Hit: Convention, in TNI probability he would I have receivedJwe nomination instead ol' i Mr. l'u!!c. \\ e~came home from the (Jon- ' i veiilioii mill public, meetings were held in ( tlu-Sial<- to ratify the nomination. It wns'i received with enthusiasm, am! South Car?> I ; liua once more entered warmly into the i j canvass fur I'reside n I and Viee-l'ivsident. t lie was elected and appointed Mr. Buchanan i Secretary of State, and the Mexican war i came on. Mr. Calhoun threw himself iigaiust , | if, and lust the sympathy and control of tin* ; j Democratic party in the South. Ami; I j again in 1818 South Carolina became in-! i different to the nominating Convention for' i ' tin* 1 'residency. Gen. Cass was nominated, ; and many of our members of Congress wore i . against biin and in favor of (Jen. Taylor. The < , people of the State, however, took very do- j j , icideil ground for his nomination ^.against j < .! Gen. Taylor, and although CO&tflcstw'-^as' j ' carried fur Taylor, the rest ofsjffle Statement1. decidedly for tho nominee, i860 ftag ! j'51, sprang up nil those angry questions connected with the adinranoflrof California. A Southern Conventioiwwas<; J called on the recommendation of Mississippij i j to meet at Nashville; secession enlisted the' , | deopest feelings in Suuth Carolina. Tho! , Statu was divided into two verry decided ; f^and bitter parties. After the terminal ion j L, of the controversy, tho whole public feelin<r: i' of tho State became prostrated and indif t fcrent to general politics. Just at this pc. riod canio 011 the Convention for noininaj tion, and of course, the. State under the - heated events she had but recently parsed - through at home, took no interest whatever i in the Convention. But when Gen. Pierce 1 was nominated, she took a decide*] and. t unanimous part. Thero was not division - enough amongst us to produce discussion. a I lmve thus given"* rapid view of the course 3 of the State, and of the principal cause - that ffilfiuonccd the course ns well as I unr derstood them. The only great and deci ded point made in her indiffwrenco to, or 0 opposition to acting with the Democratic c party in their nornin'ntirur Conventions as f. was connccted with Mr. OKlEovm's public* tion against the mode and manner of organization of the Baltimore Convention tlmt met in 18-14. Mp. Calhoun wan right as far as lie went. There are no doubt very grave, and serious objections to (he uay&l manner of constituting such assemblies. And Mr. t 'alhoun's fertile genius, could also, no doubt, point out serious obieetiona tr? ihu mode and manner ot" electing almost 11111 deliberative assembly, it' he chose to inalyso it. Take for instance our own Legislatures. 11>: could easily prove tliat there had been corruption and even bribery at many of the ob etiuii boxes?that there bad liceu fraud and corrupt combinations iii many of the Districts. And, even after tbo Legislature was assembled, itcould be proved v..-.*, ...u iii;iujtg(jiut!iiL nuu log-rolling, ami unjust ami nufair LegistaLioii. Su too of Ooni;less, that it was Very jffen corruptly constitute'! ami unfairly or ^anizoil?that it was partial ami unfair in its legislation. I Slit is this snlHcient to ibun.loit them altogether ami abolish them 1 All government itself i:> an evil ainl the only reason why we. submit to it, is that it is a *uh<titutc for a givatoi cv il, which is anarchy. In this point of view it is a positive bles nig. So in this case, there was a great 'irgumeiit beyond Mm positions Mr. Calhouti isssiiiicil in his let tor or communication, u.<1 ili.it lay in the evils arising from tlio lection of 1 'n-iiilent and Vice-1'resident ailing habitually into tlie llouso of Rcprex nt.itiv.-. Let. us look at it for a moment. According to tlie Constitution, if any canli'latrn fail to receive a majority of the Iiole votes ca^t in the electoral college, tlio :!>'ciion goes to tins llottso of lieprsentaives with the throe highest. According to he theory of that instrument also, the powers of government are divided between tlih ^ nate, the President and the House of llepivMMitativos, and must Le kept separate. I Jut if tin; election yl' "President habitually alls into tlie House?then that Lraneh will n time absorb the Executive, and the lVesdfiit will but be the humble tool and iu trumeut of those who will make the powers jf the Republic and destroy the equilibrium >r the tliroo branches, and make in fact ut two?;i?d where then v.ill bo your *m? t-?(ifl GuVUl'llin habitual control of the election of anil V ioo-l'ivsident, there can bo 10 safely tor liberty ??r the Republic. The Senate would soon beat tlidr mercy, and ,ve w? ultl become :i consolidated Democracy to a certain extent, with a corrupt >li<<aivhy in the House of Representatives, ontestim; tlie destiny of empire. Such lias been the catastrophe of all Republics, i\ 11? !'** the 1< <fi>l;?tive branch chooses the i Ai'Cll! iVtJ alio. The Constitution expressly ic.-erves tin* raising of all revenue bills to iho House of Representatives. llere, then, wo would have the same branch of Congress .hat hol-ls the purse strings, naming, too, he executive, and making him the humble ou! of their corrupt and profligate expenlitures. Vou say it id corrupting to have Conveniuiis to nominate ami prevent the election ailing into the House of Representatives, mil yet you propose to corrupt permanenty tin- Legislative branch of the Republic', iiul thus poison the very fountains of^tho law-making power, ami debauch tjiem -by ihrowiifg the purple of cmpiro at their bar very four years for sale autlbnrter. Admit for argument that the Convention is corrupt, yet it sinks hack again into tho iiia^s ot the pwplc, witnout ttie power mil?itu:tl!y to rover vour statute-book?, with. b<' permanent marksof fraud and corruplion. To give that branch that holds the '*vcuno in its hands, also thcpov/er to hold lu: President, is in fact to destroy tho funlainental c<|uilibrium of the Government, md drive it. to decay and ruin, or to revolution. lli-ro lies the argument, and tho Iruu reason why the country has resorted to nominating caucuses in the first instance, ifter tlie P?nrr conspiracy of tho Federalists in 1801, and then in modern times to Contentions. Truy, they may bo full of evils, nnd even corruption, and yet they arc a choice of evils, and prevent a greater evil in all the stupendous and corrupting consequences of the eloetioh liabitually fulling into the House of Representatives. This was deeply felt botli^i^ 1801 and 1824, nti'l caiuo near producing a convulsion; and, if rcpoat^ttftfr?"? docs any man who has read lijg^HHjgvc that this Republic could ' last Now, a as to tlio time.and tlio peculiar state of tl?e country in which wo ar? called on'to?act at this juncture in our affairs. Heretofore there might have been some causo of appreheniaon on the part of &outh Carolina, for fear she may have been betrayed, or unjustly dealt with in Conventions. The South has for years great grievances to complain of, audi thero might hnve boen danger that the candidates chosen micrht lean too much to wards what hail becji done by Government, rather than to alleviate our wrongB and grievances. * Wo complain of the operation of un unconstitutional Hank of th^United States, and of a tarift' for protection connecU^with it; and, also, of an enlarged and systematic system of expenditures in internal improvements, appropriated on canals and great national road". These were all branches of the same system ; and during th$ operations of the United State >V