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I j 1% I l'jl '' f . -~~ : : ===== i .. ;.'; I.,, .' 'r DEVOTES TO UTBRATURB, THE ARTS, SCIENCE, AGRICULTURE, NEWS, POLITICS, fcC., &C. * -' 'X^'X *i XEB.M8 ONE DOLLAR PEE ANNUM,] "Let it bo Instillod into tho Hearts of your Children that tho Liberty of the Press is the Palladium of all your Rights."?-Junius. [PAYABLE IN1 ADV.^HCB> VOLUME 2?NO. 47. ABBEVILLE C. H., SOUTH CAROLINA, FRIDAY MORNING, MARCH 30, 1855. ' t WHOLE NUMBER 99. MISOELLAmr. [for tub independent press.] The Three Classes. Messrs, Editor8: Long since I satisfied my own mind Unit there are three distinct, classes of character in the world: 3, The class of moral firmness ; *2, The class of circumstantials; 3, The class of braggarts. 1. The man of moral firmness rarely cv er tells you that this is his type; feels it iiimseir, lias no suspicion, takes it tor grant-1 ed, that nobody doubts it, He is apt to be an agreeable man, e:isy in conversation; and in the matter of inere opinion, show him his error, and he at once gives way. He wants the truth, and is willing to receive it from any quarter. lie often gets the name of being too easy?too ready to accommodate; but try him. Ask him to change ap opinion to accommodate you. To give his ground, or you will injure him, as you have it in your power to do. Wliat course does he take now ? Does he at once give up, and ask your pardon, almost, for having iheld such an opinion ? Not so. He says, "I would like to accommodate you, sir, if I could consistently, but can't, #and prefer that you would not ask it any more." Now he has trot home. You cannot do anvthinnr: r O' the more you try, the more? he knows you ?re out of it, and the more he concludes "never to trust you again. 2. The man of circumstances frequently speaks in pretty confident tones of his firmness?his independence. He wants it understood that he possesses what lie feels he lias not He sometimes treads on men's toes, (selecting with great care,) just to show his independence. But all the time lie is watching the current; he means to go with that He is always on the popular side, if he knows which one it is. Such a man has a menial snirit.: ho will 7 r J ? ""J tiling to get popular favor. lie will bear watching. 3. But tlie braggart, he is the mnn. See him! how he puffs, and swells up, porpoiselike ! Listen how he blows, pugh ! lie is the man pf independence, of wonderful firmness; lie rubs you a little off the sidewalk, to let you know it. John Randoli'h used to say he always gave ground to such t- men. If there is anything said about bravery, he is the man for that. Moral courage, aye, no man dares to call liim in question. N^w just let him alone, a little. Come up ^ on the other side, and offer him something that be can appreciate, and you lmve him, with or without .tbe concurrence "of his Opinions. In, .fptet; as a general rule, such persons have no opinions?theyiinake out no conclusions. Of the three classes, the first, of course, is to b%chosen. That makes up the strength of our community?our hopes are all in it. Let our young men be sure to keep out of the other two, and let them carefully take position in this for life. A love of truth-i-a straight course for irums sake?is tlie dare and certain road to - honor. Tlie man that is always looking out to see which way the wind blows, that he may govern himself accordingly,, will. be found out at it, and in due time left without support, a mere attache, holding on to something. - Yours, Acn . ' iMPilMATUHK. WRitrM jro*- rn?. Messrs. Editors : Wer have been waiting ,?ome time to. w -TOmel^y 'UVe up this subject, but. it aeems to 'itej?p&th "every IbodyV notice. ^ere^.so ipAny ttiings to engro8*atfeati0tj, in thia gteal/agttoftra principle, we shall not attempt to condemn tlie use of tobacco, nor to point out its injurious effects in a pecuniary or phj'sical point of view. But we do cry out with n loud Voice against tlie present filthy and Unbecoming practice of chewing tobacco nnd spitting in church. We often see the floors and walls literally besmeared with tobacco juice. How 'inbooming the eacrcd sanctuary, which shoulcroe kept pure and unstained, and dedicated only to the worship of God ! We not only see members of churches, but those who ascend the sacred desk to proclaim the glad tidings of salvation to a lost and ruined world, guilty of thia practice. What fjentleman, nay, what lady would like to see tobacco* juice snirted over her narlor? *Vonld slio not I 'I J look upon such n guest as at intruder, .ill' bred apd destitute of good manners? Is it not equally as unbecoming in the house of God ? We leave these questions for our readers to answer. The Abysinians, the Copts, the Armenians, and many other races, notwithstanding their superstitious idolatry, are far in advance of orthodox denominations in legard to cleanliness in their chur<j|ft-s. So zealous are the former, they cover their Honrs with matting or carpeting, ir^off their shoes before entering, an^^/11 .suffer no poison to spit, blow his noMs, nor even turn his head, -i i. xr. * ?2.1 iv .1 Tfintc 111 uiiui i;n. r* UlWIUlSlitllUlUg 111C | source from which this example conies, let us improve by it. IIow is a reformation to | be brought about ? Let those who are j commanded to let their lights shine set the example?abandon the practice at once. Let them look upon it as an act of indecency, and surely the world will be constrained to join in the reformation. Try it! C. 13. The New Boanty Land Law. The Commissioner of Pensions has issued the following instructions for carrying into effect the new Bounty Land Law : "Where the service has been rendered by a substitute, he is the person entitled to the benefit of this act, and not his employer. "In the event of the death of any person who, if living, would be entitled to a certificate or warrant, as aforesaid, leaving a widow, or if no widow, a minor child or children, such widow, or if no widow, such minor child or children, is entitled to a certificate or warrant for the saino quantity of land such deceased persons would be entitled to receive under tha. provisions of said act, if now living. "A subsequent marriage will not impair tbo riglit of any such widow to such warrants if she be a widow at the time of her' application. Persons within the age . of twenty-one years' on the 3d day of March,' 1855, are deemed minors within the intent andrineaning of said net. MTo obtain the benefits of this Act, the claimant must make a declaration, under oath, substantially, according to the forms hereto annexed. The signature of the npnliitnnt. miiaf. hrt ond liia />? ! ?> personal identity established by the affidavits of two witnesses, whose residences must bo given, and whoso credibility must be sustained by the certificate of the magistrate before whom the application is verified. j "No certificates will be deemed sufficient in any case unless the facts are certified to be within* the personal knowledge of the mag-! istrate or Qtncr officer who slmjlsign the certificate, or the names and residence of the witnesses, by whoin tho facts'are established be given. ort theirftffiddvJtsVproperly authenticated, be appended to?tblcertificate. .. uThe official character and signature of the. mngUtrttte. who may administer- the birth must be certified by the clerk of the proper. ictouit of his 6otmty, under the seal pf'his court. Whenever the certifl&ieCof 'tb? officer who autbentjcateB the signature >p?the-magistrate is not written on the same pIjeet pfjpapcr'which contains thealgnWture *V.ft ~ ft >i J - ft** ? * fiufiiouuuiwu| um twruuwiu> Hius^.uojw I tached to anid paper by a pjccgo.f Cape or ribbun, the ends ofwhich musi pass the official seal, ?o as tpjirevept any paper-.firora "being lmpro^rly ;attac|ip4 to the certificate. \uApplicatiou, in behalf $ Jnipow; should be made i^Uiw namea by the gtordraq:or next fri<jnd. Where there nre several mi cau only bo assigned or located by said heirs. "Applications made by Indians must bo authenticated according to the regulations to be prescribed by the commissioner of Indian affairs. "Accompanying tho above instructions are the necessnry forms of declaration, together with an offcial copy of the law." [From the Journal of Commerce.] Long Credits, Short Credits, and Cash. Mcssjca. Editors :?I observe with pleasure a "Common-Sense" movement with you, in relation to an improved system of future credits. Money, credits, and business must agree better tliun ten to forty per cent, or some of us "necessarily" cot no (go) to a (*oup) stand. It is useless to disguise the truth. Our general system of "long credits" has dciven business upon a sand bar, that "must shipwreck" large "profits." Wo have two classes, the industrious and the idle. All must eat, while every avenue, but the road to positive production, is full to overflowing. Ilumbug is the order of the day. # It has become a commodity, a foundation to write and to lecture upon. It is undermining our industry ; the punctuality and integrity of our business and people. Defaulting is winked at, while failures at 50 per cent, are honorable, and many a "circumstance" is thus bettered, (if not the circumstances,) the parties soon "going" on without a bush. Long credits "always" embrace heavy risks, enlisting corresponding customers and profits. This general conclusion is "ojjpressiotor "insolvency." Hrief credits reduce customers, the risks and the profits, "near" actualities. The cash system, or 110 credits, places the "country trade" on a firm foundation. Then every family pays its way. It creates a value received transaction. Jobbers are morally safe, so long as their customers sell for cash ; while the system "guarantees" "punctuality" along the line. Productive agriculture requires a reduction of country credits down along to an exclusive cash system. Credits and commerce go hand in hand. The trade require and are entitled to ered;?a ?u in.?1?11- " * i iu.-, v>? ?" -jhwuiu uc uaiiKiiuit'. or ai least payable at bank, and where such are inapplicable, transactions should be strictly for cash. Then the resourcesfor "punctuality" would be reliable. In rural districts, '"long credits" tend directly to "lessi-n productionfor so long as "creditir" will provide for the wants of a family, men idle away their time; but "pay .your way" avoids a mortgage, improves the farm, and adds to fortune. So long as railroad bondsand millionaire speculator's wants are in the market at from one to four per cent, a month, risks 'lto depress business" will be taken, and operations must run down until we recover by "production," under an improved syBtem of 'credit. Country merchants' "huainfisa" must. v?nv their paper promptly. When we reach this, and men "live by their business" the country will bo "soundly" prosperous. Short of it, there must be more or less humbug. We are going along to stability, and shall reach h "platform by-and-bye ; "not the Buffalo," but one from which "we can all start fair" but it is a hard road to travel. The "coan/ry" has yet to boar the weight of this disastrous revulsion. "No Credit" is a great economizer. It lessens wants, adds to industry, cultivates simple habits, and improves the household. It '.'ploughs deep and hoes well." Tliat this movement may meet "general favor," uniting a fiearty co-operation from the country, is the earnest desire of "twen ty-five years' experience" by "A Country merchant" yet in the trade?v C. G. H. ' Casting a "Devil" oat of Charch. W* are indebted to our friend, J. M. Elite,* of Marietta, Ohio; for the following graphic sketch. We are assured that the facts transpired substantially as narrated. aA Methodist clergyman who lias_. been laboring in this vicinity, was not long since preaching'to his people on the miraculous power of the Apostles over the demoniac spirits of their day. As he was pufsQing his theme, tho audience wetesuddenly start* led by a voice from someone in th'noohgre| gat ion, Remanding, in a half quarreQoiui, nan auinontative tone, W ?iy <Jon't preach 6rJ?; do such thirigs now-a-days !' Tr? an instant every eye in the house was turned up<5rt:the individual who had the effrontery thus to invade the sacred no* of thmf sanctuary; '"The spealcjir'^aused for a moment, and of the duStlqner! 5f1w0 waa^n interval df broken at last by the; speaker.in resuming his subject,* Hft h?d ^Ot,procc?ded far with his remarks,- before and fastening one band firmly upon the collar of his coat, the other on the waistband of his 'unmentionables,' lifted him square out of the seat, and bore him down the nisle to the entrance. Pausing for a moment there, he turned his eyes upon his audience, and in a clear full voice, said, "nnrl iliov cast out the devil in the form of a distiller," and suiting tho action to the word, out went the knight of the mush-tub, a la leap frog fashion, into the street. "The good pastor quietly returned to his desk, and completed his discourse. After closing the services, as be was passing out of the church, the out-cast distiller, with an officer of the law, escorted our clerical, friend to the office of a magistrate, to answer for an assUulL upon the person of said distiller. After hearing tho case, the magistrate dismissed the clergyman, and after roundly reprimanding the complainant,fined him for molesting the services of the sanctuary. "Since that day we believe he has never for a moment doubted the power of Methodist preachers to cast out devils, at least withiu'tlie limits of the Oliio Conference." Binghumpton, (iV. Y.) March 1. v The Court of Claims. One of the most important bills which has passed Congress within our remembrance. received the final sanction of the legislative branch yesterday. We refer to the bill to establish a Court of Claims, to which we ventured not long since to invoke the favor of the House of Representatives, with which it then rested. The bill wns owed up yesterday Ht a favorable moment, and, the friends of it wisely abstaining from debate, it was forthwith passed by a large majority. We should not be surprised if it saves one fourth part of the sessions of Congress now i pent in tho examination and discussion of claims. It will, however, operate beu< ficcutlf in a variety of ways. It will not '.lily secure to just claims an early hearing and prompt settlement, but it will {jet rid of the inti-rminable renewal of unfounded ones, and thus save the time of Congress from being wasted vear nftor year in the yexamination of rejected claims. fhcT>ill gives jurisdiction to the Court to hear and determine all claims founded UDOU anv laws of Conrrress. or nnnn nnw ^ / ? "* J regl ulation of an Executive Department, or upon any contract, express or implied, with the Government of the United States, and all claims referred by either House of Congress. The testimony in all cases is to be reported to Congress, and all upon which favorable decisions are given are to be accompanied with a bill or bills to carry them into efFect, and with briefs from the solicitor of the Bonrd and from the claimant. It will be thus seen that the Court is to perform the work now laboriously but imperfectly done by committees, and Congress is to revise the whole and act - upon the subjects.; presented, as at present. ' On many subjectfeain opinion well matured by the Court will serve as the basis of action on all and similar cases; and there will not perhaps be so many inconsistencies in legislation asat present, when the success or fail ure of a measure depends in a great degree upon the mood in which one House or the other niay happen to be found when the vote is taken. At all events there is a probability of a more mature investigation than by the present mode, rtiid it is to be hoped we shall hear but little more of what is deemed worse than the "law's delay," the pendency of claims before Congress of half a century's duration.?Wat, Intelligencer. A Lesson.?There-was once an old man whose eyes had become, dim and his ears deaf. When he sat.at the dinner table, he could hardly hold his Bpoon, so that sometimes he spilt bis soup on tlio cloth. His son and daughter-in-law yrere , much displeased at this ; at last they made their old father sit.iif a corner behin(Hhe stove* and gave him food in a little earthen plate. He ...i __ r."> _i.:.?*'* ? ?v never goi as mucu as no couia eai,'and 116 would often look toward^ the table jvith w$t, longing oyee. ' . One day liis shaking hands let the little dish full, nnd it was broke. Tha woman scolded, but lie aaidpothing;he only wghed. They then brought* wooden trpy glr for'brm. Once , he was wttinv ,tBa< in the corner, bis- .fiule grandchild,about .four yearn old, was playing on this flotff n^r him W!thvaome pfe*$ea>of wood; "WhotW^ - . ,-v. " . " m ' A Fact for the Times. A wealthy gentleman, now deceased, but formerly a valued citizen and sagacious country merchant of our District, who had sold out (under judgments in his favor) the little farms of many a poor man in his neigh- < borliood, declared h few years before liis i death, to a friend of ours, that he had been I ?oo hard on the poor, with reference to his i own pecuniary gain. He'said he had not a doubt, but that he would have been belter i off, as to property, himself, if ho had dead 1 morn lenieniln imimiJa Ii?k 1 r 1 ?v Pig WVVIVIOI JULt5 plU* 1 ceeded to explain, that if instead of selling I out his poof neighbor's land, to pay tho ac- J count the poor neighbor had contracted j with him at his store, he had indulged those i neighbors and given them time to pay, as they might be able, they could have worked along el little at the time, aud continuing to 1 trade with him. But by pushing them for ' their little vdebts, lie had caused them to be sold out, arid'that in very many cases, in order to try to sitye bis debt, he would bid off their land.?In this way, while he accumu- ! lated on his hands a vast body of land, that he could not turn to any profit, he lost by removals, so many of his neighbors, that his mercantile business wai so seriously curtail ed, tliat he was an actual loser by (ho oper- \ ation. Such was the experience of one who had few superiors in practical wisdom, and whom the world called sagacious and shrewd. His ' experience as related by himself, not many ' years before his death, to a friend of our?. ! who related it to us, is full of wisdom, that might be heeded*to advantage by some at the present day.?Carolina Spartan. m , China.?Dates from Hong Kong to Jan- ' linrv 1 wmi-ocnnto *1?A ' %# ' ? a_ I- ' l i ?.j ?VH.. .v^.wviua uiub i/uu iiiaurgvillij UL'IU J Cannot in seige and have command of the 1 whole river, their fleet having gained several 1 victor.es over the imperial fleet. Consequently tiieir supplies were cut oft*. Provisions, especially rice, were rising rapidly. A ! fight took place at Wampoa in the presence . ot' the Americau and English war ship. The foreign ships was considerably damaged * by the guus of the belligerants. The En- ( glish and Americau commanders had drawn ! a line around the factories, and notified nil, 1 that no hostilities would be permitted to ' 'take place within it. Shanghai dates to the 1st of January give an account of a difficulty which arose be- , iween mo insurgents and authorities of j Shanghai and the French, whereupon Admi- , rat Laguene, with the ships Jean and Cot- ( hert, bombarded the city, which, ere this, probably surrendered, or had been stormed, j The insurgents "liad met with reverses to , the east of Pekin. Amoy was quiet. 1 Cajjtain Adams had arrived from England, and would procccd to Japan with the rati- , fication of the treaty. . i? * m . . n- j The Blue Itidoe Railroad.?The Pick- i ens Courier of the l^th inst saya: fy .5 "The affairs of this Road are in about j the same condition as when we penned our last article.?From a friend, who arrived 011 VTnnrlott lnof A ?1 juji iiulu uiinimiuii, v?c icaru uiai Mr.Gourdin, the President of the Road, still continues to refuse to pay tlife contractors ; | and, unless the difficulty is adjusted in a i short time, a law suit and vexatious delays \ will be the result. The work, in the mean' ) time, is progressing slowly, 'there being bo- < tween three aqd four hundred hands nt work i in Anderson and Pickens. _ "Mr. Gourdi.n, we understand, expresses hia determination to prosecute tlie work vig- i oroualy, when be shall have been relieved j from the present difficulty, and we have i great confidence in bis integrity and ability. 1 Mauy are auxious to take contracts at the I former rates, and woifld do* bo, w ere the re 1 no difficulties in the way". , ; ;j We are pleased t<?. lgarn by a gentleman ? just fr^m Char lest off, that' wha tever "di ffieul; ties may have existed, tliey,: have1 been ad- j jnsted by asottlement'iR^rding ^^matCa, 1 Wd tlw,work on the/ItefwJ will -.be pushed j /nrimwl 1. Mi TVmm ' *' *V ' ''' -1 Thb Law and C^netitimok.^Airibnij ( |ihotVviptow ^^^bingtott is Judge Will- \ iaroson, of ftrapv commonly kno^p'iiew -Judjge Willey .was once preswwg m St , Augustine douhfjV when a lejpa bully tempted to ThompRon ba*i j ingsucceeded'In picking a ju*y}to sutohl* . p^pofles, t^rued Watteutiontotbe cougj. | ^Ijj^ A Formidable Undertaking.?A cotemporary puts the tobacco question into the following shape: "Suppose a tobaccochewer is addicted to the habit of chewing tobacco fifty years of his life, and that each day of that time he consumes two inches of solid plug, it amounts to six thousand Tour hundred and seventy-five feet, making nearly one mile and a quarter in length of iolid tobacco, half an inch thick and two _ wn/l nt? 1 * *' ,..vuw vivnui iwii, mini, vruuiu me young beginner think if he had the whole amount stretched out before him, and were told that to chew (it would be one of the exercises of [lis life, and also that it would tax.his income to the amount of two thousand and ninety-four dollars ?" ^ 1 ? '? ~ It has been, discovered that a keeper of n lager beer cellar in the Bowery, New-York, for tne purpose of evading the law requir-" ing him to close his place on Sunday, has been in the habit of holding pretended religious services therein, officiating himself . as the leader of ceremonies. He takes the Bible, reads a chapter or two, serves each 1 of his hearers with a glass of beer, and takes up a collection. As the Constitution probably did not contemplate so much liberty of conscience, the arrangement will be interfered with by the police. Sentenced to be Hung.-1?His Honor, -' Judge Holt on Saturdav FTnr,?? J. Keener, convicted at the late term, of the;/ murder of James Reese, to be hung oh Friday, the 20th of April. * - , The reason of the delay in passing sen-: . / Lence was, to afford the counsel for the pris- ; aner an opportunity to be heard on amotion . ' for a new trial, which the Court refbsed to ^rant. The application for a new trial will rjow' be taken to the Supreme Court, which V , will be heard in June.?Augusta Sentinel. - V* The venerable. Peter Pickleby said to his ion Jabez, "Read;-your Bible?study the aws of Moses,and don't repeal any of tbem. Wind the Ten" Commimds, tu, and the Elev?nth likewise?and don't sell the birthright >f a Yankee nation for a mess of. potash ; ?nd the day may kum when -you 11 be ft " <? minister of the penitentiary, or a secretray af newffation.n . > ' Weigh your Letters.?A correspondent if the Carolinian suggest* that all writer* : should weigh their letters before dropping .hem in the post-office, becaus6inr weight of a letter should exceed half an *. ounce, and there is only threecenta paid on it, (lie Postmaster is not authorized to mail it. If you wnnt a letter lo go, be sure you" V; pay for a "through ticket."'" * i . .> -.-aP ; j BouNTrvLAKD.~Thirty days . wa? the shortest.service for which bounty land. wa? " ?, granted undor the Acta of 1850,u IjMt no?r H .1. fourteen days, (or le? if, theijpartyhas been in battle,) ^ntitj^:^ik>(di|emt6'aY$l>ih^^;^;.:; V. It is said Warrants. wUllhqt.;^ vii?u5w '^ill ; _ about'the first of July/ Appliea^ona, h6\*eY-r> ." ar, cah bo made in the meaiitime, . . ^ I A - '* .I'" - . WHAT IT . COBTB.?Arr-mvlttn* Bright, member of tbe the eosta'to England 'of maintaining an'ar^ r; roament in the field, or on the water, is jSl,OOO per ipari :pfer.ryear; ten' inch shells thrown bjr the allies itfthe sieg^v of Sevastopol^cos^it, is aaid *25,^^ *1 - - ^ ^ AT^airs IN earthquakes had for country, and the night of thekl.8tby * the City reeled'to' and fr^'like a^p uporf^^fe the billow. jThe political affaire of^the oouttv tr^ieem-tb-Ie-itt ft .um. JL _ Z ^ ^'...V H^Hhk ' 1